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  • Car Care Guide - Popular Mechanics - Oct 1980

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    Domenico Bevilacqua
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    Car Care Guide - Popular Mechanics - Oct 1980

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    Car Care Guide - Popular Mechanics - Oct 1980

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    477 Ansichten62 Seiten

    Car Care Guide - Popular Mechanics - Oct 1980

    Hochgeladen von

    Domenico Bevilacqua
    Car Care Guide - Popular Mechanics - Oct 1980

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 62
    Bieta cludes all you need to know to get your car © ready for winter—how to choose snow tires, Peetu) ye eee ie emergency kit, repair rust damage—plus val- uable tips. Also: PM Bee Ruck Rs ee _Here’s the chea ; easiest, no-gimmick way to save gas. Just two fingers. two minutes and a few bucks will have your car running cleaner, better, on less gas. The LEE two-stage Maxi-Air Filter can do that for you. Here's why. Try running with your hand over yur nose and mouth. You'll under- stand instantly. Because you can't Tun when you can’t breathe. And neither can your car. To run efficiently, your car's engine needs the right mixture of gas and air. When a dirty air filter th a sanphe Your onaine be ‘gas. Expensive gas. "Thats why it pays to have an air filter that stays cleaner longer. The LEE two-stage Maxi-Air Filter. We pack our LEE Maxi-Air Filter with the extra protection you need against dirt. By using two filters, one backing up the other, our LEE Maxi-Air traps upto 50% more than single-stage filters. And stays cleaner up to 50% longer. ‘Our engine uses less gas. And forms better. Last summer, Mt. St. Helens provided the proof. When volcanic ash choked most MOU cars toa stop, it So per our LEE Maxi-Air kept cars run ning. Two-stage protection made the difference. Itcan make a dif- ference for you And remember, our LEE Maxi- Oil Filter packs two-stage protec- tion, too. It traps twice the dirt in your oil, lasts far longer than single stage oil filters to cut engine wear and save you money. The LEE two-stage Maxi-Air and Maxi- Oil Filters. No gim- micks. Just good clean savings, Saturday Mechanic looks under the hoods of the [i] models rhe major components of Cadiiec’s vari- able V8 are the solenold-activated vaive lit- ars which shut down the cylinders. heck ignition timing trom the driver's ‘seat without a timing light? I's one of the mind-blowing technical innovations youl find in 1981 Cadillacs. Cadillac also will be offering three engines in one: a VB for maximum performance, with an auto- matic electroric cylinder-disengagement system that cuts down to six or four cylin- ders for better fuel economy. ‘Although the Cadilac items are the leading attention-getters, General Motors. has a long list of significant mechanical and electronic changes. They include dig- tal computer systems with self-diagnosis on every 1981 GM car, and a four-speed overdrive automatic that can lock uplike a manual box in any gear in response to computer commands. And although it won't be ready until later in the model year, there's a diese! Chevette with fuel beonomy to rival the diosel Rabbit Cadillac electronics Cadillacis determined to be the indus- 1y's electronics leader and, at present, surely is. The digital computer it intro- duced last year with throtlle-body elec- tronic fuel injection has been reworked to also operate a solenoid system attached to the valves of four cyinders. When the engine is idling, or acceterat- ing quickly, the computer allows all eight cylinders to operate. For ight accelera- tion and moderate grades, ittriggers sole- ‘noids so the pushrods merely push up on a sleeve and the valves do not open for Nos. 1 and 4, The pistons move up and down as an air spring, which takes very little power. For cruising on reasonably level roads, Nos. 6 and 7 also are eliminated, and the ‘#000-plus-Pound car suddenly Is pow- ‘ered by 2 four-cylinder and gets the fuel ‘economy of a compact. The cylinder-elirination system, de- signed by Eaton Corp., has been floating around the test labs of all the carmakers for several years, but Caddy is the first to be able to use it, thanks to its high-capac- ity on-board computer In addition, the computer regulates ig- nition timing, idle speed, a solenoid valve inthe vapor-purge hose from the charcoal canister, and solenoid vacuum valves that activate the air-pump system. The Cadillac computer also has been programmed to do a lot more diagnosis. In the 1980 version, it could diagnose 24 failures and permit the driver to check a variety of accessory switches from the front seat. Failure and switch test results were shown on the digital temperature display for the airconditioning. After a dashboard CHECK ENGINE light went on, the driver pressed the OFF and WARMER buttons on the A/C panel to begin the self- diagnosis. The display is the same for 1981, but now you can take meter readings of all the sensors and quick-check the sole- Nnoids and motors that carry out the com- puter commands. Press the OFF and WARMER buttons on the A/C panel to start the procedure, and when you get a code 70, fick the dash- board cruise control switch on and oft Code 00 will come noxt Press the AVG (average mpg) button on the fus!-economy panel and the numeral 1 will be displayed, followed by another wo GARE GUIDE [Gq the now AMC models {2 The new FORD models [Ey Tho new CHRYSLER models AM Get ready to face tho 9 Weather shalonge "Sl Choose the best tires for faa winter driving ‘Assomble PM's winter ‘emergency driving kit eg Ho 9 ropa rust damage zi 4. Servicing the cooling system 2. Servicing the engine 3. Servicing the battery BE] 4. Prewintor ubrication Sq 5. Safety checkup Propared by the editor of Popular Mechanics with contritutore Mort Sehultz and. Paul Welasler Technical at by Dale Gustafson, Jett Mangia Free Wort. Ed Upink, Hark ton. De- signe! the Fall Ca Care Guldeby Don Nannes. OCTOBER 1960 125 Bia e Te) ol ete (re 1 ee PREV eR ket 180g] (Meee tod eo) aCe ee! per pre baw pote , ff 7 Prsctriag ENGIN Pee RS radars 7 pers vi Oe OCU 5 CROC an ee rent PN arn Ce ee eed aso-ce ee ed brant pert ae pare rl cars. the absence @ rere el ere eee Doreen een cers Boo y ’ ee oe —— we [ant CMM been alittle premature in his esti- Ce eet ce aia Oe uiine Rca =F Re Mca aur ead sheiks trying to keep the cost of oil Pea eu mu RCs ee ee ae Rom nen Ceca kee ae ny Eu ieee a eu kare Tai RU Lg PC CR Mua ec passenger sedans traversing the country on ec uae eoluhi ad en eure —_— em eee en ee | Sao Neu ht un ena nc) Pe RUM RS marci eee Re ee eee en) ee eae uae it) (oss aiia shoehorned a three-liter engine intoa Jensen. reesei da ua} eRe recat ects oa ‘SATURDAY MECHANIC CAR CARE GUIDE ‘number that is the throttle position in de- (grees. Run the engine, step on the gas pedal, and you can test the throttle-post tion sensor and compare readings with specifications. ‘When you press AVG again, the numer. al 2 is displayed, and the sequence of sensor readings continues. No. 8 is igni- tion timing. About all you donit get is en- gine rpm, and that can't be too far into the future. Your old test meters could end up accumulating cobwebs. The test procedure for the solenoids ‘and motors also is simple. Push the AVG button and Code 95 wil appear. You now havea choice of two test procedures. The first is performed with the engine off, the second with the car running, With the engine off, floor and release the gas pedal, and Code 96 will appear. During the nexttwo minutes, the comput. er will alternately supply juice to two ‘groups of components for five seconds ‘each. All you do is listen and feel the ap- propriate solenoids for clicks and, in one case (ide speed), watch a motorized plunger move. In the first phase, the computer will e tend the plunger for the motor that con- trols idle speed by pushing on the throttle linkage, plus actuate solenoids that oper- ate the air-pump system and the cruise- control power valve. Next, it will trigger solenoid vaives that allow the charcoal canister to purge fumes and the exhaust- {gas recirculation valve to turn on. it also will light the dashboard coolant lamp and retract the idle-speed motor plunger. Alter two minutes, this will stop and No. 95 will appear again. Now you can per- form the Second test: Run the engine, floor and release the cas pedal and No. 97 will appear. Now you can check the cylinder-disabling system. Press the AVG button and the engine should run on al ‘eight (make this test while cruising down the road). Pressthe ReseTbutton andyou should hear the engine cut back to sixcyl- inders. Press both butions or the ACTIVE cyt button, and the engine should drop down to four cyinders, even at idle. ‘Although the airconditioning and mpg indicator panel are standard, cruise con- trol is an option (ordered by 97 percent of Caddy buyers). If you order a car without it, however, there still is a cruise-contro! switch connector in the harness. Reach under the dash at the steering jacket, pull it down and momentarily apply 12 volts with a jumper from the battery to the cor- 428 POPULAR MECHANICS The electric heating grid (top) warms the fue! so that the car drives more efficiently trom @ cold stert. The EGR solenoid (right) ‘serves to prevent the car's automatic over- ‘drive from unwarranted surging. tect terminal, and you'll get the Code 0 test procedure signal. Carburetor is gone ‘Al 1981 Cadillacs with a V8 gasoline engine have the throtle-body fuel-injec- tion system ((wo solenoid-type fuel injec- tors spraying downward against the throt- tte plates). This is the first time a complete ‘American car gasoline engine line has been made without a carburetor. In 1980, the throttle-body system was used only ‘on Eldorado and Seville. The diesel has no sparkignition system and does not need most of the emission controls of the V8 gasoline engine. There- fore, on-board diagnostics are not includ- ed. Buick V6 and GM computer youwant six cylinders ll the way, you ‘can order the Buick 4.1-Iter V6 on most Cadillacs. it doesn't come with the ad- vanced pushbutton diagnostics of the VB gasoline engine, but you do get the GM ‘computer that's also being used on all ‘other models. This one is programmed to identify up 0 24 faults (depending on car, model, en- gine and equipment), but there is no dig- ital display. So the failure codes are indi- cated differently. Ground a blackiwhite wire hanging from the underdash com- puter and failure codes are pulsed out by tho CHES ENGME Fight. That's it. No ign tion timing or readouts from sensors, no switch tests, no quick-check operation of the computer-controlied hardware. Called Computer Command Control (CCC), it operates different things on dif- {ferent models, although on allt regulates the fuel mixture. This is done by triggering a solenoid in the carburetor, which acts ‘on metering rods to open air on fuel pas- sages. By 1982, many of the cars will have the throttle-body injection system used by Cadilac. ‘A computer-controled, all-electric ‘manifold heat vaive is new on most 1981 Chevioiets and some other GM cars. In- stead of the conventional valve that di- rects exhaust gases against the base of the intake manifold (to help cold-fuel va- orization for better combustion), there is an electric heater grid under the carbure- torbase. Currentis supplied via relayon the left fender panel. If the car sutfers from colé-temperature drive-away sialls and stumble, keep this new system in mind, Probe the electrical Connector in the wiring to the grid with a test lamp. If it doesn't light when coolant and ambient temperatures are very low, there is an apparent failure in the circuit that could cause cold stals and stum- ble. The computer also controls a lockup clutch in the torque converter of all auto- matics with the CCC system. When the computer determines that road speed is high enough (from a speed sensor in the speedometer head) and that the trans- mission ie in the right gear, it triggers a solenoid in the valve body. The solenoid ejects a plunger which closes off an oil am aa AND UPTOS2 BACK Mactio Taha Mileage bY bi Neto oe # Buy 5 quarts of CAM: filter before October St. filter's price from CAMs than $2.) " a Get more mileage, too. CAM2 Mileage ca give you an average of 14 miles more per tankful than ordinary oil. Up to 30 more in Some cars. I can also protect your engine better. CAM2 Milt exceeds standards for SF, the new rating given only. to oils that protect best. It's the smart oil that can help you save gas, money and your engine. And, now you can save another $2! .luist complete this coupon. or a store | coupon, and send it with proofs of purchase to CAM2. (Offer also good on CAM2 Race Proven’ and CAM2 10W40.) purchase price cn) (F for your Beyment” 1 ‘SATURDAY MECHANIC CAR GARE GUIDE bleed passage. This causes a buildup of il pressure that results in application of the torque converter clutch. Automatic overdrive With the computer, the lockup clutch could be applied in any gear. However, it Js engaged only in third gear on conven- ‘Auxillary vacuum pump (arrow) provides added vacuum during wide-open throttle. Most ‘81 VBs sutter a vacuum shortage. tional automatics, second and third on a few other cars (such as Camaro Z-28 and Corvette), and third and fourth on a new four-speed overdrive automatic ransmis- sion that willbe used on VBs andsome V6 engines. ‘The new GM automatic overdrive has more flexibility in operation and sightly greater efficiency than the Ford design in- troduced last year. However. itis physi- cally lager (has three planetary gearsets instead of the usual two) and weighs more than the Ford design. ‘The lockup arrangement on all auto- matics causes some surging at part throt- tle when manifold vacuum is moderately high (about 5 inches) androad speed isin the 35 to 45-mph range. To smooth out performance, Chevrolet has a solenoid valve spliced into the vacuum line to the exhaust-gas recirculation valve. ‘When the computer activates the lock- Up clutch solenoid, it also triggers a sole- noid valve, opening a tiny orifice that ak lows some vacuum to bleed to the atmo- re. This causes the exhaust-gas re- Circulation valve to close partially, reduc- ing the exhaust-gas flow and thereby smoothing engine performance. you get the part-throttle surge, the s0- 130 POPULAR MECHANICS lenoid is suspect. Disconnect it, try the ‘car again, and if the surge getsno worse, the solenoid apparently isn't functoning, To double-check it with the vehicle run- rning, connect a long jumper wire to the solenoid, runit into the car and connect it toa test lamp. Ifthe test iamp doesn't light at part-throttie medium speed, either the converter clutch isnt locking or the 0 noid valve isn’t working. This system is only on Chevy engines, (except Citation V6 and four-cylinder en- gines) at the start of '81 production, but it probably will be incorporated in ‘sister models before the end of thé model year. Vacuum pump The use of overdiive, plus smaller en- gines in many of the cars, results in the frequent use of wide-open throttle opera~ tion, even at moderate speeds, on many late models. As @ result, you can be down to just a few inches of manifod vacuum ona slight upgrade To cure this vacuum shortage, you'll ‘see atiny vacuum pump on many 81 GM cars. Although the vacuum is needed for emission contro’s, it also helps operate the heater-A\C-defroster. So if you hear the flap doors swinging closed and the system going off as a result, when you head up a hill. check the hose connec- tions at this pump. With the engine running, disconnect the feed hose (not the one from the air cleaner) and feel the end for vacuum. If there is none, the pump is defective. GM diesels Although GM diesels will not be com- puter-equipped, they have received a fair bit of attention for 1981. The major change isthe use of a roller-tappet, which is just what the name implies—a litter with a roller bearing on the base. The roller is a better bearing than the simple smooth surface of a conventional lifter base, so it can tolerate poorer lubrica- tion This permits GM to raise the oil and fil- ter change interval fromthe nuisance lev- 1 of every 3000 miles to an acceptable 5000 mils. ‘You may have heard of the waterin-

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