Special Topics on Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Jin woo Cho

Cell: 010-8978-8965
Office: 02-3408-3970 (Young-Sil 518)
jinwoocho@sejong.ac.kr

Objectives
This class will incorporate fundamentals of biological
wastewater treatment;

- Basics of Microbiology, Bacterial Energetics

- Microbial Kinetics
- Biological Reactors/Processes

ASM (Activated Sludge Modeling)

Activated Sludge process for WWT

Wastewater treatment

Frame is changing

water reuse
Water recycle

Syllabus

Grading

Mid term exam 20%

Final term exam 30%
HW 20%, Attendance 10%, final term presentation 20%

Course Text

- Bruce E. Rittman & Perry L. McCarty, 2001, Environmental

Biotechnology: Principles and Applications,
McGraw-Hill
- Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, Mogens
Henze et al., IWA publishing

Assignments

(1) Problem Exercise: homework problems will be delivered in every

two weeks. All
problems are selected from the exercise examples of main textbook in
consideration
of course progress.
(2) Journal paper review
(3) Modeling (MATLAB programming)

Syllabus
Week

Course Contents

Introduction

Biological wastewater treatment: Fundamentals

Stoichiometry and Bacterial energetics

Microbial Kinetics, Reactors

SMP and EPS

Biofilm Kinetics (1)

Biofilm Kinetics (2)

Mid-term exam.

Syllabus
Week
9

Course Contents
The activated Sludge process

10

Modeling (1): The activated Sludge process

11

Modeling (2): The activated Sludge process

(Matlab programming)

12

Modeling (3): The activated Sludge process

(Matlab programming)

13

Anaerobic Treatment and biogas production

14

Membrane Bioreactor

15

Term paper presentation (Journal review)

16

Final term exam.

Week 1

Fundamentals

Pre-treatment (Preliminary treatment)

Secondary Treatment
Aeration Tank + Clarifier

Secondary treatment is a biological process

Utilizes bacteria (Activated Sludge) to degrade organic
matter in the wastewater by microbial metabolism

Activated sludge

Activated Sludge process: Description

General Stoichiometry

<substrate uptake and cell growth>

Substrates or Food for microorganisms
Microbial metabolism

COHNS + nutrients + O2
(organics)

CO2 + NH3 + C5H7NO2 + other end products

(new cells)

<Cell lysis (endogenous respiration)>

C5H7NO2 + 5O2
(dead cells;
food for living cells)

Microbial metabolism

5CO2 + NH3 + 2H2O + Energy

Activated Sludge process: Definition

The activated sludge process is a wastewater treatment method that treat a
municipal or industrial wastewater by use of biological floc composed of
numerous bacteria and protozoans which can transfer organic pollutants into
CO2 and H2O under aerobic condition.
(discovered in 1913 in the UK by two Civil engineers, Edward Arden and W.T. Lockett)

Activated Sludge Floc

Dirty organic things

Inorganic things
+ H2O

Activated Sludge consists of numerous microorganisms

Settled down
gravitationally so that
the cleaned water can
be separated easily

Stoichiometry and Bacterial energetics

15

16s-rRNA analysis (DNA analysis)

16

Oxidation-Reduction rxn
Oxidation-Reduction(Redox) Reaction
Some of atoms or ions undergo a change of oxidation #
0

+2

+122 -22

+4 -22

-12

+14

Cl2 + Mn2+ + 2H2O MnO2 + 2Cl- + 4H+

Increase in #
Loss of 2eDecrease in #
Gain of 1e-

Electron donor: give its e- to others

: make themselves oxidized, make others reduced = reductant
Electron acceptor: take e- from others
: make themselves reduced, make others oxidized=oxidant
e-

Substrates + O2

cataboilism

CO2+H2O

See table 2.2 and 2.3 at page 135-146

Gibbs Free Energy, Gorxn

aA + bB cC + dD
(Kc)eq = {[C]c[D]d} / {[A]a[B]b} : concentration equilibrium constant
[X] = concentration of something in the equilibrium state
Small Keq = small fraction of reactant material was converted to product

Large Keq = large fraction of reactant material was converted to product

Gibbs Free Energy, Gorxn

In equilibrium state, there is no conversion of reactants to
products.

Gorxn = -RTLn[(Ka)eq] (E required for working in a rxn)

R=gas constant (1.987 cal/mol-oK)

T=temp., K
o : Standard state = 1 atm, 298 K (25oC)
1 J = 0.24 cal

G < 0 :exergonic: reaction occur spontaneously

G > 0 :endergonic: reaction occur not spontaneously
G = 0 :in equilibrium

ATP

Phosphate

ADP

Adenosine

Electron and Energy Carriers

Metabolism
ATP
E charged
(E carriers)

Electron donor
=substrates)

e-

Energy
Generation
(e- carriers)

Electron acceptor

E consumed
E consumed

Cell synthesis
(Anabolism)

ADP
E uncharged
(E carriers)

Cell
maintenance
(Catabolism)

Substrate partitioning and cell yield

fe0

Energy production

End Products
(CO2, H2O, NH3)

e-

fs0 + fe0 = 1

Electron
donor

eCell synthesis

fs0

Another Substrates:
Energy production
& call synthesis

Active bacterial
cells
Cell Residuals

Growth

Decay

Biomass energetics
Energy production: Oxidation-Reduction rxn

E donor + E acceptor
Organics
Ammonia
Sulfur

Cell

Oxygen
CO2
NOx
SOx
Other organics

Product

Biomass energetics
kJ/mole glucose

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

-2,880

5C6H12O6 + 24NO3- + 24H+

30CO2 + 42H2O + 12N2

-2,720

2C6H12O6 + 6SO42- + 9H+

12CO2 + 12H2O + 3H2S + 3HS-

-492

C6H12O6 3CO2 + 3CH4

-428

C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2CH3CH2OH

-224

Biomass energetics

5C6H12O6 + 24NO3- + 24H+

30CO2 + 42H2O + 12N2

-2,720

To develop total net reaction of oxidation-reduction, half-reaction for

electron donor and acceptor should be considered

Oxidation rxn of Glucose + Reduction rxn of NO3- = total net rxn

Overall reactions for biological growth

R : Overall rxn
Re : Rxn for energy production (catabolism)
Rs : Rxn for cell synthesis (anabolism)
Ra : Half-Rxn of electron acceptor (Reduced)
Rd : Half-Rxn of electron donor (Oxidized)
Rc : Half-Rxn of cell synthesis (varies with nitrogen source)
fe : portion of e- used for E-production
fs : portion of e- used for cell synthesis

R=feRe+fsRs
Re=Ra+(-Rd)
Rs=Rc+(-Rd)

Formula of synthesized
Cell: C5H7O2N

Overall reactions for biological growth

R=feRe+fsRs
Re=Ra+(-Rd)
Rs=Rc+(-Rd)

R=feRa + fsRc - Rd