Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
P. Kanungao
PGCIL, NER
Shillong, India
I.
power,
Harmonic
filters,
INTRODUCTION
cycle and introduce harmonics. The resulting current from nonlinear loads contains 3rd, 5th, 7th Harmonics. These harmonic
currents permeate into source currents and source currents
having harmonic content impact source voltages.
Excessive harmonic voltage and/or current can cause damage to
equipment and the electrical system. IEEE Std 519-199210
gives application guidelines. One of the common ways of
controlling harmonic distortion is to place a passive shunt
harmonic filter close to the harmonic producing load(s). The
harmonic-producing device can generally be viewed as a source
of harmonic current.
The objective of the harmonic filter is to shunt harmonic
current from the load into the filter, thereby reducing the
amount of harmonic current that flows into the power system.
The simplest type of shunt harmonic filter is a series
inductance, capacitance (LC) circuit which is a single tuned
filter. More complex harmonic filters may involve multiple LC
circuits.
Measurements are carried out for 9 days using Power analyzer
PowerPro instrument simultaneously at different load points
during different generating conditions. Trends in Voltage,
Current, Power and Frequency, harmonics Voltage sags and
swells can be recorded using the instrument.
The harmonic studies assume a steady state solution
corresponding to a typical operating condition. Harmonic loads
are modeled as harmonic current sources in the study. The
currents injected into the frequency dependant network are
computed for harmonic currents at each frequency and checked
for violation of limits for distortion in voltage and current. If
violation of limits is observed, the study is repeated with
appropriate tuned filters. Filters are chosen to mitigate the
harmonics, especially lower order harmonics.
II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
The Single line diagram of the system considered for the study
is given in Fig. 1 below. The system consists of one 132 kV
feeder from BUS1 to BUS2. There is one more feeder
connecting to BUS2, but is used only in case of emergency and
TDD
Ih
h2
IL
This term is the same as the THD except that the distortion is
expressed as a percent of sum rated load current IL rather than
as a percentage of fundamental current magnitude at the
instance of measurement.
22.29 km
BUS2
TR1,132/33 kV
10 MVA
Z1=8.6%
TR2 132/33 kV
10 MVA
Z=8.6%
Feeder4
Feeder F3
BUS4
Feeder F2
Feeder F1
BUS3
630 KVA
630 KVA
CONSTANT LOADS
Measurement points
F1
Current THD
Current RMS
1
2
100.00
0.375
0.0
0.0
100.00
0.307
101.6
-24.7
100.000
2.229
89.7
-8.9
1.281
42.4
0.556
30.3
1.360
-60.4
0.140
0.0
0.381
0.0
1.307
0.0
3.312
158.3
0.726
176.6
1.390
-75.0
0.202
0.0
0.174
14.4
0.824
14.4
0.668
0.0
0.748
-91.1
1.082
-129.6
0.213
0.0
0.216
0.0
0.192
0.0
0.637
0.0
0.081
0.0
0.170
0.0
10
0.149
0.0
0.074
90.9
0.513
135.5
11
2.183
0.0
0.114
-53.5
2.527
86.1
Record Number
4.7
F1_2024
41.15
F1_2024
12
0.382
0.0
0.167
78.7
0.813
-3.3
13
1.422
0.0
0.426
8.8
1.392
86.1
14
0.266
0.0
0.076
-50.2
0.111
5.7
15
0.137
0.0
0.138
96.2
0.329
176.6
16
0.568
0.0
0.086
-82.0
0.267
-37.0
5.9
F4_4641
65.34
F1_1498
82.73
I1 (R)
F4_1498
Magnitude
Angle
IRMS
(Amp)
10.9
F4_4641
Magnitude Angle
Record
Number
F2
Current
F1_2024
Magnitude Angle
Max
ITHD
F4
Sl
No.
Magnitude
in kA
0.084
th
th
11
Harmonics
(Highest)
13
Harmonics
(Highest)
THD
6.06%
6.06%
10.9%
Record
Number
F2_3202
Harm
onic
order
F2_3142
Magnitude
Angle
F2_3145
Magnitude
Angle
100.000
-28.8
100.000
82.7
100.000
85.8
0.448
150.9
0.26246
-64.8
0.224
-64.8
1.383
118.8
0.78266
-61.7
1.037
-57.7
0.194
17.5
0.51623
1.7
0.678
1.7
2.108
21.9
2.15282
35.5
1.962
29.8
0.099
-168.5
0.12110
21.4
0.879
21.4
1.597
48.4
1.12586
79.3
1.001
71.2
I3 (B)
0.115
7.89%
-----
10.5%
F2_3145
0.222
0.76640
0.787
I3 (B)
0.107
------
5.71%
10.3%
F2_3142
0.401
-141.5
0.51795
0.476
10
0.245
0.35060
0.587
11
7.892
101.2
7.94101
105.7
7.713
105.9
12
0.871
-95.2
0.73808
-160.3
0.251
158.9
13
5.966
102.8
5.47117
100.3
6.022
103.1
14
0.322
67.4
0.10003
17.1
0.218
17.1
15
0.257
143.9
0.26811
-36.8
0.219
-36.8
0.067
-3.3
0.23827
-5.1
0.316
-5.1
16
Ca
se
I
II
III
VI
Harmonic
filters
33 kV
voltage
Orde
r
MVAR
BUS1
to
BUS2
BUS1
BUS2
BUS3
BUS4
BUS3
11
11
11
11
11
11
11, 5
11, 5
11, 5
11, 5
11, 5
11, 5
2
1.5
2
2
2
5
2, 1
2, 1.5
2, 1.5
2,4
2,4
2,5
5.22
2.39
2.51
5.47
2.30
5.30
2.37
5.5
2.97
3.37
2.52
2.36
6.45
2.62
2.48
6.39
2.61
2.50
0.56
0.20
0.23
0.61
0.20
0.57
0.20
0.57
0.21
0.2
0.19
0.19
0.70
0.21
0.2
0.67
0.2
0.2
0.92
0.32
0.36
1.00
0.32
0.93
0.31
0.93
0.33
0.31
0.30
0.29
1.16
0.34
0.32
1.10
0.32
0.31
0.97
0.34
0.38
1.05
0.33
0.98
0.33
0.97
0.35
0.32
0.32
0.31
1.21
0.35
0.32
1.15
0.32
0.31
0.92
0.32
0.36
1.00
0.32
0.93
0.32
0.93
0.33
0.31
0.30
0.29
1.16
0.34
0.32
1.11
0.32
0.31
32.06
32.14
32.12
32.00
32.08
32.04
32.12
32.05
32.14
32.27
32.18
32.20
31.99
32.14
32.26
32.04
32.30
32.39
Parameter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Filter Type
3 Phase MVAR rating
Rated Voltage
Rated frequency
Quality factor
Connection
Resistor(R)
Inductor(L)
Capacitor (C)
Cas
e
33 kV
voltage
BUS3
32.143
32.143
32.143
Parameter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Filter Type
3 Phase MVAR rating
Rated Voltage
Rated frequency
Quality factor
Connection
Resistor(R)
Inductor(L)
Capacitor (C)
VI. REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.