Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Specialization
Biomedical Technology
QUESTION:
A mammography serv ice examined 327
patients during the third calendar quarter of
1996. 719 films were exposed during this
period, eight of which were repeats. What is
the repeat rate?
ANSWER:
c. 1.1%
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:
a. 42 kW
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
(
)(
QUESTION:
Who completes the dev elopment of first
computed tomographic (CT) scanner (EMI,
Ltd.) in 1973?
QUESTION:
Apparatus for measuring blood pressure
ANSWER:
d. sphygmomanometer
QUESTION:
Giv en the energy level of 6.624x10^-18 J
imparted to an electron stream by an X-ray
dev ice, calculate the frequency in MHz.
ANSWER:
c. 10^10 MHz
ANSWER:
a. Hounsfield
QUESTION:
It is the study of the response of an image
receptor to x-rays
ANSWER:
a. sensitometry
QUESTION:
A type of luminescence where the visible
light is emitted only during the stimulation of
the phosphor.
ANSWER:
a. fluorescence
QUESTION:
If a heart measures 12.5 cm from side to
side at its widest point, and its image on
chest radiograph measures 14.7 cm, what is
the magnification factor?
ANSWER:
b. 1.18
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
QUESTION:
Ratio of radiographic contrast with a grid to
that without a grid
ANSWER:
b. contrast improv ement factor
QUESTION:
Analysis of persons irradiated
therapeutically with superficial x-rays has
shown that the skin erythema dose required
to affect 50% of persons so irradiated is
about
ANSWER:
c. 600 rad
10^10 MHz
QUESTION:
It was first noted by Heinrich Hertz in 1887
and won Albert Einstein the Nobel Prize in
1905. It refers to the emission of electrons
from a clean metallic surface (phototube)
when electromagnetic radiation (light
waves or X-rays) falls onto that surface.
ANSWER:
a. Photoelectric effect
QUESTION:
Unit of radiation exposure or amount of Xray radiation that will produce 2.08x10^9
ion pairs per cubic centimetre of air at
standard temperature and pressure (STP).
ANSWER:
b. Roentgen
QUESTION:
ECG recording requires a bandwidth of 0.05
to ____ Hz
ANSWER:
c. 100
QUESTION:
Radiation doses in the range of
approximately200 to 1000 rad produce the
ANSWER:
c. Hematologic syndrome
QUESTION:
Ratio of incident to transmitted radiation
through a grid ratio of patient dose with
and without grid
QUESTION:
Find the potential generated if blood
flowing in a v essel with radius 0.9 cm cuts a
magnetic field of 250 G. Assume a v olume
flow rate of 175 cubic cm per second.
ANSWER:
b. 309 uV
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:
a. colorimeter
QUESTION:
Recording of heart sounds
ANSWER:
d. phonocardiography
)(
(
ANSWER:
a. Bucky factor
QUESTION:
A radiographic single-phase unit installed in
a priv ate office has a maximum capacity of
100 milliseconds of 120kVp and 500mA.
What is the power rating?
QUESTION:
An optical electronic dev ice that measures
the color concentration of a substance in
solution.
)
)
QUESTION:
Period during which heart contracts.
ANSWER:
b. Systole
QUESTION:
Recorder for measuring galv anic skin
resistance
ANSWER:
a. electrodermograph
Area of
Specialization
)
(
QUESTION:
It consists of 36 unique codes representing
the 10 digits and 26 uppercase letters
)
(
)(
(
QUESTION:
The thick coaxial cable implementation of
standard Ethernet
ANSWER:
b. code 39
ANSWER:
d. 10 Base 5
QUESTION:
The first fixed- length character code
dev eloped for machines rather than for
people
ANSWER:
d. Baudot Code
QUESTION:
Inaccuracies caused by the representation
of a continuously varying quantity as one of
a number of discrete v alues.
ANSWER:
d. quantizing errors
QUESTION:
A bit pattern or a character added to the
beginning and the end of a frame to
separate the frames
ANSWER:
a. Flag
QUESTION:
The early pioneer in the dev elopment of
error-detection and correction procedures
ANSWER:
a. Richard W. Hamming
QUESTION:
The most reliable conv olutional coding
scheme for error detection
ANSWER:
c. CRC
QUESTION:
Circuit for digitizing v oice at a low data rate
by using knowledge of the way in which
v oice sounds are produced
ANSWER:
a. v ocoder
QUESTION:
An IPv 4 has an address space of how
many?
ANSWER:
a. 4294967296
QUESTION:
A coding scheme that records the change
in signal lev el since the precious sample
ANSWER:
d. delta modulation
QUESTION:
For the giv en parameters, determine the
energy per bit-to noise power density ratio
C = 10e-12 W
fb = 60 kbps
N = 1.2 x 10e-14`W
B = 120 kHz
QUESTION:
What is the bit rate of STS 1?
QUESTION:
Distortion created by using too low a
sampling rate when coding an analog
signal for digital transmission
QUESTION:
A block coding technique in which four bits
are encoded into a fiv e bit code
ANSWER:
c. either a or b
ANSWER:
d. 22.2 dB
] ;
]
QUESTION:
A network with bandwidth of 10 Mbps can
pass only an av erage of 12000 frames per
minute with each frame carrying an
av erage of 10000 bits. What is the
throughput of this network?
ANSWER:
b. 0.876Vmax
ANSWER:
c. 4B/5B Encoding
QUESTION:
A national standards organization that
defines standards in the United States
ANSWER:
a. ANSI
ANSWER:
b. 2 Mbps
QUESTION:
A signal at the input to a mu-law
compressor is positiv e with its v oltage onehalf the maximum v alue. What proportion
of the maximum output voltage is
produced?
ANSWER:
a. 51.84 Mbps
QUESTION:
In asynchronous transmission, one or more
bits to indicate the end of transmission
ANSWER:
d. stop bit
QUESTION:
A telephone subscriber line must have an
SNR dB above 40. What is the minimum
number of bits?
ANSWER:
c. 6.35
QUESTION:
What is the ov erhead (number of extra bits)
in the DS-3 serv ice?
ANSWER:
a. 1.368 Mbps
Area of
Specialization
EST
QUESTION:
The minimum sampling rate according to
Nyquist Theorem
ANSWER:
d twice the highest frequency of
a signal
QUESTION:
It is used in wireless applications in which
stations must be able to share the medium
without interception by an eav esdropper
and without being subject to jamming from
a malicious intruder
ANSWER:
d. spread spectrum
QUESTION:
Determine the Hamming distance for the
codewords ( 10101, 11001)
ANSWER:
b. two
ANSWER:
d. klystron
QUESTION:
An address space is the total number of
addresses used by the protocol, such as
IPv 4 and IPv6. What is the address space of
IPv 6?
ANSWER:
d.
2128
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
An error detection method which uses
ones complement arithmetic
ANSWER:
a. Checksum
QUESTION:
It is a connecting dev ice between two
internetworks that use different models
ANSWER
b. gateway
QUESTION:
It is an undesired shift or width change in
digital bits of data due to circuitry action
which causes bits to arriv e at different times
ANSWER:
c.
jitter
H.323
QUESTION:
A computer monitor has a resolution of 1200
by 1000 pixels. If each pixel uses 1024 colors,
how many bits are needed to send the
complete contents of a screen?
ANSWER:
d.
12 Megabits
QUESTION:
A multiplexer combines four 100-kbps
channels using a time slot of 2 bits,
determine the frame duration.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
d.
a. 20s
QUESTION:
A type of linear-beam microwave tube that
uses v elocity modulation of the electron
beam
QUESTION:
A series of pulses in which the amplitude of
each pulse represents the amplitude of the
information signal at a giv en time.
ANSWER:
a. PAM
QUESTION: Combination of
compression at the transmitter and
expansion at the receiver of
communications system.
ANSWER:
b. Companding
QUESTION:
_______________ is used to position samples
of the different message signals in nonov erlapping time slots.
ANSWER:
b. TDM
QUESTION:
Combination of compression at the
transmitter and expansion at the
receiv er of communications system.
ANSWER:
b. Companding
QUESTION:
A ___________ is similar to a phasor diagram
except that the entire phasor is not drawn.
ANSWER:
b. constellation diagram
QUESTION:
It was the first fixed length character code.
QUESTION:
A dev ice launches or receiv es a wave in a
transmission line or waveguide in one
direction only.
ANSWER:
b. Baudot Code
ANSWER:
b. directional coupler
QUESTION:
It inv olves transmitting each character
twice.
ANSWER:
b. Redundancy
QUESTION:
The __________ provides the mathematical
justification for using a Gaussian Process as
a model for a large number of different
physical phenomena in which the random
v ariable, at a particular instant of time, is
the result of a large number of indiv idual
random ev ents.
QUESTION:
Of the following substances the most
conductor is
Choices:
a. air
c. iron
ANSWER:
A
b copper
d. salt water
ANSWER:
b. Central Limit Theorem
QUESTION:
The v olt is the standard unit of
QUESTION:
A set of communication facilities allowing
direct access to 64kpbs data streams (or
multiples of) for drop and insert. A form of
cell relay, supports B-ISDN.
ANSWER:
c. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
QUESTION:
A series of pulses, in which the timing of
each pulse represents the ampltitude of the
information signal at a giv en time.
Choices:
a. currrent
c. electromotiv e force
ANSWER:
C
b dish antenna
d. helical antenna
ANSWER:
d. Pulse Position Modulation
QUESTION:
A line of sight radio link operating at a
frequency of 6GHz has a separation of
40km between antennas. An obstacle in
the path is located 10km form the
transmitting antenna. By how much must
the beam clear the obstacle?
QUESTION:
The type of radio wave responsible for long
distance communications by multiple skips
is the:
ANSWER:
b. Direct Wave
QUESTION:
Line of sight communications is not a factor
in which frequency range?
ANSWER:
a.11.6m
`SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
(
(
Choices:
a. VHF b. UHF c. HF d. Microwave
ANSWER:
c. HF
)
)
R = 11.6m
QUESTION:
Variation in receiv ed field strength ov er
time due to changes in propagation
conditions.
ANSWER:
b. Fading
QUESTION:
The atomic weight of an element is
approximately determined by
ANSWER:
C. the number of protons and neutrons
QUESTION:
It represents the simplest whole number
ratio of the v arious types of atoms in a
compound.
Choices:
a. molecular formula
b. chemical formula
c. reactants
d. empirical formula
ANSWER:
D
b. charge
d. resistance
QUESTION:
Which of the following antenna types is not
designed for transmitting at 10 Ghz
Choices:
a. horn antenna
c. Zepp antenna
ANSWER:
C
ANSWER:
C. Repeater
QUESTION:
It refers to the rate of change of a signal on
the transmission medium after encoding
and modulation have occurred.
ANSWER:
b. Baud
QUESTION:
It was the first fixed-length character code
dev eloped for machines rather than
people.
ANSWER:
b. Baudot Code
QUESTION:
A receiv er-transmitter station used to
increase the communications range of VHF,
UHF and microwave signals is called a(n):
QUESTION:
It is a term that is often misunderstood and
commonly confused with bit rate (bps)
Choices:
a. Bandwidth
c. Baud
ANSWER:
C
b ASK
d. FSK
QUESTION:
Defined as the optimum lev el of a test tone
on a channel at same point in a
communication system.
Choices:
a. transmission lev el point
b. transmission lev el
c. data level point
d. error detecion
ANSWER:
A
QUESTION:
Duplicating each data unit for the purpose
of detecting errors is a form of error
detection called ___________.
Choices:
a. burst
c. error correction
ANSWER:
B
b. redundancy
d. error detection
QUESTION:
Determine the wavelength of a 4 Ghz
signal.
ANSWER:
d. 0.075m
QUESTION:
What is the dev ice that converts energy
from one form to another?
ANSWER:
a. transducer
QUESTION:
The computers that hold shared files,
programs and the network operating
system. They also prov ide access to network
resources to all the users of the network.
ANSWER:
b. Electrical noise
ANSWER:
a. Serv ers
QUESTION:
The channel capacity of a 5 kHz
bandwidth binary system is ____ bits/s.
Assuming no noise.
ANSWER:
c. 10,000
QUESTION:
Microwaves are frequencies above _____
GHz.
QUESTION:
It is often used to compare the
performance of one digital modulation
technique to another.
ANSWER:
a. bandwidth efficiency
QUESTION:
It is the process of conv erting an infinite
number of possibilities to a finite number of
conditions.
ANSWER:
c.1
ANSWER:
b. FCC
QUESTION:
A wave guide acts a/an _______ filter
QUESTION:
For a PCM system with a maximum analog
frequency of 4kHz, determine the minimum
sample rate.
ANSWER:
d. all of the above
Question:
Determine the peak frequency deviation
for a binary FSK signal with a mark
frequency of 49 kHz, space frequency of
51kHz and an input bit rate of 2kbps
ANSWER:
a. 1 kHz
ANSWER:
a. Forward Error Correction
QUESTION:
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM-SOLVING)
ANSWER:
a. Session layer
QUESTION:
Coax is not used beyond frequencies of
about ______ GHz.
QUESTION:
Data Communications refers to the
transmission of ________.
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
a. 8 kHz
ANSWER:
a. High-pass
ANSWER:
a. 6
ANSWER:
a. Broadband ISDN
ANSWER:
a. quantization
QUESTION:
The gov ernment agencies that regulates
radio communications in the US is the
________.
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
It is another relatively simple form of
redundancy error checking where each
character has a numerical value assigned
to it.
ANSWER:
a. Checksum
QUESTION:
It is a modulation and multiplexing
technique that distributes the signal and its
sidebands over a very wide bandwidth.
ANSWER:
a. Spread spectrum
QUESTION:
It is a single transmission path from transmitter to
receiv er with line of sight range.
ANSWER:
D. hop
QUESTION:
It is defined by the av erage rate at which
energy is carried out per unit area.
ANSWER:
b. intensity
QUESTION:
A modulation process wherein both frequency
and phase remains constant while the
amplitude changes.
ANSWER:
b. ASK
QUESTION:
It is the most powerful redundancy checking
technique which is based on binary div ision.
ANSWER:
c. cyclic redundancy check
QUESTION:
What do you call the element with electrical
properties between those of an insulator and a
conductor?
ANSWER:
a. Semiconductor
QUESTION:
It is the term applied to any method of
extinguishing a debt, principal and interest, by
a series of payments, usually at equal intervals.
ANSWER:
a. amortization
QUESTION:
______ which means that 2 or more bits in the
data unit have changed.?
ANSWER:
C) burst error
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
c. 1000 Base-T
QUESTION:
It is a digital process that allows several
connections to share the high bandwidth of a
link.
ANSWER:
a. TDM
QUESTION:
IEEE 802.11 is define in which MAC sublayer?
c. encoder
QUESTION:
It is an error detection technique in which a
redundant bit is appended to ev ery data
unit so that the total number of 1s in the unit
(including the parity bit) becomes ev en.
ANSWER:
a.
QUESTION:
A local area network topology in which the
indiv idual terminal, microcomputers or
workstations are connected directly to a
central computer.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
d. (b) and (c)
QUESTION:
It is the oldest microwav e tube design which is
commonly used in radar transmitters where
they can generate peak power levels in the
megawatt range.
ANSWER:
b. Magnetron
ANSWER:
d. 98.08 dB
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
DR = 1.76 + 6.02m; dB
DR = 1.76 + 6.02(16)
DR = 98.08 dB
QUESTION:
Compute the baud rate for a 72000 bps 64QAM signal.
ANSWER:
a. 12000 baud
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
A 64-QAM signal means that there are 6 bits
per signal element since 26 = 64.
Therefore, baud rate = 72000/6
baud rate = 12000 baud
QUESTION:
A telephone signal takes 2ms to reach its
destination. Calculate the via net loss
required for an acceptable amount of
echo.
QUESTION:
In pulse-code modulation, it translates the
quantized samples into digital code words.
QUESTION:
It is a four-wire Gigabit Ethernet
implementation.
QUESTION:
Find the maximum dynamic range for a
linear PCM system using 16-bit quantizing.
a.
ANSWER:
d. 0.8 dB
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
VNL = 0.2t + 0.4dB
VNL = 0.2 (2ms) + 0.4 dB
VNL = 0.8 dB
QUESTION:
Telephone switch that connects only to
other switches, and not to individual
customers.
ANSWER:
c. tandem office
QUESTION:
It is a form of digital modulation similar to
PSK except the digital information is
contained in both amplitude and the
phase of the transmitted carrier.
ANSWER:
c. QAM
QUESTION:
The most common circuit used for
demodulating binary FSK signals.
ANSWER:
b. PLL
Star
QUESTION:
The only way to achieve high data rates
with a narrowband channel is to increase
the number of bits per symbol, the most
reliable way to do this is to use a
combination of amplitude and phase
modulation known as _________.
QUESTION:
We hav e an audio signal with a bandwidth of
4KHz.What is the bandwidth needed if we
modulate the signal using AM? Ignore FCC
regulations for now.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a.
a. 8 KHz
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING)
BW = 2 x 4 KHz
= 8 KHz
ANSWER:
QUESTION:
We hav e an audio signal with a bandwidth
of 4 MHz. what is the bandwidth if we
modulate the signal using FM? Ignore FCC
regulations.
Choices:
a. 8
c. 36
ANSWER:
b. 6
d. 40
DR = 1.76 + 6.02(m)
DR = 1.76 + 6.02(8)
D
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
An FM signal requires 10 times the
bandwidth of the original signal.
BW=10x4
= 40 MHz
ANSWER:
b. PSK
ANSWER:
D.40
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
An FM signal requires 10 times the
bandwidth of the original signal.
ANSWER:
c. atmospheric noise
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
We hav e an audio signal with a bandwidth
of 4 MHz. what is the bandwidth if we
modulate the signal using FM? Ignore FCC
regulations.
a. TCP/IP
QUESTION:
The name giv en for a set of standards for
communicating among computers in which
the primary purpose is to serv e as a
structural guideline for exchanging
information between computers,
workstations and networks.
ANSWER:
a. AM
QUESTION:
Is a form of constant amplitude angle
modulation similar to standard frequency
modulation except the modulating signal is
a binary signal that v aries between two
discrete v oltage levels rather than a
continuously changing analog waveform.
ANSWER:
b. FSK
QUESTION:
The highest layer in the hierarchy and is
analogous to the general manager of the
network by prov iding access to the OSI
env ironment.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a. OSI
BW=10x4 = 40 MHz
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
c. Crosstalk
a.
QUESTION:
What is the equation for Hartleys Law?
Choices:
a. I=ktB
c. fa=fs-fm
ANSWER:
= 7.63
=8
QUESTION:
A network topology in which data
circulates from one computer to the next in
sequence.
ANSWER:
a. ring
QUESTION:
Find the maximum dynamic range for linear
PCM system using 8-bit quantizing
ANSWER:
c. 49.92 dB
QUESTION:
What type of digital modulation scheme
uses two or more different output
frequencies?
ANSWER:
b. FSK
QUESTION:
It is an error-correcting code used for
correcting transmission errors in synchronous
data streams.
ANSWER:
a. Hamming Code
QUESTION:
A suite of protocols that allows a wide
v ariety of computers to share the same
network.
b. C=2Blog2M
d. N=2^m
a.
ANSWER:
C.8
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
(
)
Application layer
QUESTION:
Network topology wherein individual
terminals, microcomputers and workstations
are connected directly to a central
computer.
ANSWER:
d. star
QUESTION:
The loss of data that occurs when two
stations transmit at the same time on a
network
ANSWER:
c.collision
QUESTION:
A term used to describe a telephone
instrument whose handset is on its cradle,
ready to receiv e a ring signal
ANSWER:
a. On hook
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
d. PCM
QUESTION:
Simple form of redundancy error checking
where each character has a numerical
v alue assigned to it. The characters within a
message are combined together to
produce an error checking character.
ANSWER:
c. Checksum
QUESTION:
Is an eight-bit fixed length character set
dev eloped in 1962 by the International
Business Machines Corporation.
ANSWER:
c. EBCDIC code
QUESTION:
The most commonly used digital
modulation scheme.
ANSWER:
d. PCM
QUESTION:
An attempt is made to transmit base band
frequency of 30khz using a digital audio
system with a sampling rate of 44.1khz.
What audible frequency would result?
ANSWER:
A.14.1kHz
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
fa = fs fm
= 44.1KHz 30KHz
= 14.1 KHz
QUESTION:
Calculate the capacity of a telephone
channel that has a S/N of 1023?
ANSWER:
B.30000 b/s
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
The telephone channel has a bandwidth of
about 3KHz
C= BW log2 (1+ S/N)
= 3 x 103 log2 (1+ 1023)
=30000 b/s
= 420 x
103 b/s
= 420
Kb/s
ANSWER:
QUESTION:
The most commonly used digital
modulation scheme.
= 30 x
103 x 14
A.asynchronous
QUESTION:
Token Ring Standard
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
d. 802.5
QUESTION:
It is the process of extracting a phasecoherent reference carrier from a receiv er
signal.
ANSWER:
a.
ANSWER:
Token Ring
QUESTION:
It is a potential problem whenever two
metallic conductors carrying different
signals are located in close proximity to
each other.
QUESTION:
A network topology where each device is
connected to a centre point and all data is
routed through that point.
ANSWER:
c. Star network
ANSWER:
c. Crosstalk
QUESTION:
What is the termed refer as the rapid
degradation of output signal quality with
channel induced errors?
ANSWER:
a threshold effect
QUESTION:
What was the first fixed-length character
code dev eloped for machines rather than
for people?
ANSWER:
d. Baudot code
QUESTION:
A lasers use organic dyes enclosed in a
glass tube for an active medium, dye is
circulated into the tube with a pump. A
powerful pulse of light excites the organic
dye.
ANSWER:
d. Liquid Lasers
QUESTION:
Codes that have a restriction on the
number of consecutive 1s or 0s in a
sequence.
ANSWER:
d. Run length limited code
QUESTION:
A source whose output satisfies the
condition of statistical independence
among letters in the sequence is said to
be_____.
ANSWER:
a. Memoryless
QUESTION: Calculate the minimum data
rate needed to transmit audio with
sampling rate of 30 Khz and 14 bits per
sample.
ANSWER:
420 Kb/s
QUESTION:
Contains sev en bytes (56 bits) of alternating
0s and 1s that alert the receiv ing system to
the coming frame and enable it to
synchronize its input timing
ANSWER:
b. preamble
QUESTION:
Ev ery letter was encoded into fixed length
of binary code words of length 5.
ANSWER:
b. Baudot Code
QUESTION:
The composite signal that modulates the FM
carrier.
ANSWER:
b. baseband
QUESTION:
It is a simple means of error detection. It
inv olves the addition of one extra bit to the
bits that encode a character.
ANSWER:
a. parity
QUESTION:
A data compression scheme that uses
fewer bits to represent more frequently
occurring characters or bit patterns and
more bits to represent those occur less
frequently.
ANSWER:
QUESTION:
Find the binary equivalent of x 8+x 3+x+1.
Choices:
a. 100001011 b. 011110100 c. 010000101 d.
110000101
ANSWER:
a. 100001011
QUESTION:
Showed mathematically that it is posssible
to reconstruct a band-limited analog signal
from periodic samples, as long as the
sampling rate is at least twice the
frequency of the highest frequency
component of the signal.
ANSWER:
c. Harry Nyquist
QUESTION:
Find the maximum dynamic range for a
linear PCM system using 8-bit quantizing.
ANSWER:
b. 49.92 dB
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:
d. 6000 Hz
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
DR = 1.76 + 6.02m dB
= 1.76 + 6.02(8) dB
= 49.92 dB
c. Huffman coding
QUESTION:
Speed at which symbols are transmitted in
a digital communication systems.
ANSWER:
b. Baud rate
QUESTION:
It is the process of conv erting an infinite
number of possibilities to a finite number of
conditions.
ANSWER:
d. Quantization
QUESTION:
Compute the bit rate for a 2000 baud 16QAM signal.
ANSWER:
d. Digital Signal Processing
ANSWER:
a. 8000 bps
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
bit rate = baud * 4
2000 * 4 = 8000 bps
QUESTION:
It is the ratio of the largest possible
magnitude to the smallest possible
magnitude that can easily be decoded by
the digital to analog conv erter in the
receiv er.
QUESTION:
It is an electronic dev ice that is used for
computer communications through
telephone lines.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
b. modem
ANSWER:
b. ANSI
QUESTION:
In early 1900s, he showed that any
composite signal is a sum of a set of sine
waves of different frequencies, phases and
amplitudes.
ANSWER:
c. Jean-Baptiste Fourier
QUESTION:
Sampling of an analog signal using a
sample-and-hold circuit such that the
sample has the same amplitude for its
whole duration.
ANSWER:
a. Flat-topped Sampling
QUESTION:
The basic building block of the FDM
hierarchy.
ANSWER:
b. Message Channel
c. Dynamic Range
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
In operation, many modern codecs
achiev ed compresion by first encoding the
signals using a 12-bit linear PCM code, then
conv erting the 12-bit linear code into an 8bit compressed code by discarding some
of the bits. This is a simple example of:
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
A telephone line has a bandwidth of 4.5 kHz
and a signal-to-noise ratio of 40dB. A signal
is transmitted down this line using a four
lev el code. What is the maximum
theoretical data rate?
ANSWER:
b. 18 kbps
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
C = 2Blog2M = 2(4.5x103)log2(4) = 18 kbps
S/N = antilog (40/10) = 10000
C = Blog2(1+S/N) =
59.795 kbps
(4.5x103)log2(1+10000) =
QUESTION:
It allows the ov erall complexity of the
system to be broken down into individual
function layers- that operate essentially by
themselv es.
QUESTION:
ANSWER: b. Transparency
A signal at the input to a -Law compressor
is positiv e, with its v olatage one-half the
maximum v alue. What proportion of the
maximum output voltage is produced?
ANSWER:
A0.876Vo
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:
QUESTION:
This are v ery useful pictorial representations
that clearly show the protocol operations
such as words or conv etional drawings.
b. Transmit Modulator
ANSWER:
Choices:
a.
Vo=Vo(ln(1+(255* 0.5)))/ln(1+255)=0.876Vo
QUESTION:
A telephone signal take 2ms to reach its
destination. Calculate the via net loss
required for an acceptable amount of
echo
QUESTION:
A balanced modulator that will used in
conjuction with a microwave generator,
power amplifier, and band-pass filter, upconv erts the IF carrier to an RF carrier and
amplifies the RF to the desired output
power.
QUESTION:
Pair of wires that connects the central
office to the users phone
QUESTION:
What is the equation for Hartleys Law?
a. I=ktB
c. fa=fs-fm
ANSWER:
b. C=2Blog2M
d.
N=2^m
a.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a.
Local loop
c.collision
ANSWER:
a.0.8dB
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
VNL=0.2t+0.4=(0.2* 2)+0.4=0.8
QUESTION:
Who inv ented the telegraph?
QUESTION:
How long does it take to dial the number
784-3745 using pulse dialing with .5s inter
digit time?
ANSWER:
a. 6.8s
QUESTION:
We hav e an audio signal with a bandwidth of 5
HHz. What is the bandwidth modulate the
signal using FM? Ignore FCC regulation.
ANSWER:
a. 50 MHz
QUESTION:
Used to established a point to point
connection across a network.
QUESTION:
Network that connects users who are in the
same general location
ANSWER: c. TCP
ANSWER:
c. LAN
ANSWER:
a.
Amplitude-Shift Keying
QUESTION:
Is the lowest Open System Interconnection
hierarchy and is responsible for the actual
propagation of unstructured data bits (1s
and 0s) through a transmission medium.
ANSWER:
a.
Physical Layer
QUESTION:
An attempt is made to transmit a baseband
frequency of 25kHz using digital audio
system with a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz.
What audible frequency would result?
ANSWER: b. 19.1kHz
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
fa = fs - fm
= 44.1kHz 25kHz
= 19.1kHz
ANSWER:
QUESTION:
Error-correction scheme that actually
detect and corrects transmission errors
when they are receiv ed without requiring a
retransmission.
ANSWER: a. Forward Error Correction
QUESTION:
Defines the rules of the conv ersation the
message passing among the network users
ANSWER:
a. network protocol
QUESTION:
Responsible for prov iding signals to the loop
sensing activity and sending phone signals
at the end of the loop
b.
m2
Pt Pc1
2
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a. SLIC
Transport
where Pt =
QUESTION:
The typical amount of v oltage in dc use in
the battery of the central office with
respect to ground
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a. -48
a.
QUESTION:
A network that is composed of a smaller lan
that are closely link. It is needed for areas
spread out geographically
Echo Suppresors
QUESTION:
The sensitiv ity of a radio receiv er is giv en in
terms of dBm. If the receiv er is receiv ing 200
mW, what is the corresponding dBm of this
signal?
ANSWER:
c. WAN
ANSWER:
C. 23dBm
QUESTION:
How many central office allotted for each
exchange?
ANSWER:
b. 1
QUESTION:
It is a method of switching that provides a
separate physical path for each symbol
ANSWER:
c.
QUESTION:
An antenna with a noise temperature of 75
Kelv in is connected to a receiv er input with
a noise temperature of 300 K. Giv en the
reference temperature T0 = 290 K, find the
noise figure of the system.
space switching
ANSWER:B
QUESTION:
NT T 0NR 1
ANSWER:
a.
QUESTION:
The OSI Layer responsible for data tracking as it
mov es through a network. It controls and
ensures the end to end integrity of the data
message propagated through the network
between two devices.
ANSWER:
a.
Transport
where:
ANSWER:
c. octave
UESTION:
Determine the worst-case output S/N for a
narrowband FM receiver with deviation
maximum of 10 kHz and a maximum
intelligence frequency of 3 kHz. The S/N
input is 3:1.
ANSWER:
a. 10
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
= sin -1 (1/3) = 19.5 or 0.34 rad
= x fi
= 0.34 x 3 kHz = 1 kHz
The S/N will be
QUESTION:
The OSI Layer responsible for data tracking as it
mov es through a network. It controls and
10 kHz/ 1 kHz = 10
QUESTION:
A small v ariable capacitance in parallel
with each section of ganged capacitor is
called _______.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
d. 47.6 ns
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
T= L/ (Vf x Vc)
T= 10 m/ (0.7)(3x108 m/s)
T= 47.6 ns
QUESTION: The maximum voltage standing
wave of an RG-11/U foam coaxial cable is
52 V and its minimum v oltage is 17 V. How
many percent of the incident power is the
reflected power?
ANSWER:
b. 26%
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
2 = Pr/Pi
= SWR-1 ; SWR = Vmax/ Vmin = 52/17 =
3.05
SWR+1
= 3.05 1 = 0.51
3.05 +1
Thus : 2 = (0.51)2 = 0.26
The reflected power is 26 % of the incident
power
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
d. the signal is difficult to demodulate
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
d. resonant
b. high-lev el modulator
ANSWER:
a. v elocity factor
ANSWER:
b. 547.8 Hz
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
= fm
= sin
-1
= (0.3652)(1.5KHz) = 547.8 Hz
ANSWER:
b. CAT 5
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
c. parallel-resonant
a.0.47
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
m = Em/ Ec
ANSWER:
a. 108 degrees
Pt = Pc ( 1 + m2/2)
Pt = 50,000 ( 1 + 0.82 /2)
Pt = 66,000 W
Pt = 66kW
a.
c. 66kW
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:
b. microstrip
c. 1/10
QUESTION: Determine the time taken for a
signal to trav el down a 10 m transmission
line, if its v elocity factor is 0.7.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
b. de-emphasis
ANSWER:
b. companding
ANSWER:
a. antenna reciprocity
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
d. Yagi antenna
ANSWER:
b. end effect
QUESTION: Which of the following is not a
reason why most half-wave antennas are
mounted horizontally at low frequencies?
Choices:
a. physical construction is easier
b. more cost-effectiv e
c. mounting is easier
d. support is easier
ANSWER: B
Choices:
a. signal shape
b. electromagnetic pattern
c. radiation pattern
d. antenna pattern
ANSWER: C
ANSWER: c. omnidirectional
200 3 x 10 8
s
5.5 m
9
11 x 10
s
200 c
d 200
QUESTION:
What is the phase v elocity of a rectangular
waveguide with a wall separation of 3 cm
and a desired frequency of operation of 6
GHz?
ANSWER:
D. 5.43 x 108 m/s
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
(
Choices:
a. Hertz
b. Marconi
d. Yagi
( )
ANSWER: c. collinear
QUESTION:
A transmitter and a receiver is 45 km apart.
Suppose that there is an obstacle midway
between the transmitter and receiver. By
how much must the path between the
towers clear the obstacle in order to av oid
diffraction at a frequency of 11 GHz?
ANSWER:
B. 10.51 m
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
(
(
)
)
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
d. maximum power transfer will take place
ANSWER:
A. 44.5 km
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
( )
ANSWER:
c. a Q section
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
A. 5.5 m
ANSWER:
D. TE20
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
An isolator has a forward loss of 0.7 dB and
a return loss of 26 dB. A source prov ides 1 W
to the isolator, and the load is resistiv e with
an SWR of 3. How much power is dissipated
in the load
ANSWER:
D. 638 mW
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
1W
Pout
anti log
0 .7
10
QUESTION:
An isolator has a forward loss of 0.7 dB and
a return loss of 26 dB. A source prov ides 1 W
to the isolator, and the load is resistiv e with
an SWR of 3. How much power returns to
the source?
ANSWER:
D. 5.43 x 108 m/s
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
1W
0 .7
anti log
10
SWR 1
0.5
SWR 1
851 .14 mW
212 .78 mW
534 .49 W
26
anti log
10
ANSWER:
C. shroud
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
B. 00 latitude
ANSWER:
B. 39000 km
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
QUESTION:
The quality of a space-link is measured in
terms of the ______ ratio.
(
(
)
)
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
B. G/T
QUESTION:
Why does the downlink frequency appear
to v ary by several kHz during a low earth
orbit satellite pass?
ANSWER:
D. The distance between the satellite and
ground station is changing, causing the
Doppler effect
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
Choices:
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
A. is greater than in free space
851 .14 mW
SWR 1
0 .5
SWR 1
Pout
ANSWER:
C. Teledesic
QUESTION:
To cov er all inhabited regions of the earth,
the number of polar-orbit satellites required
is
ANSWER:
A. 1
QUESTION:
A satellite-dish owner has a 3 meter dish
designed for C-band (4 GHz) operation. The
owner wants to use the same dish with a
new feedhorn, for Ku-band (12 GHz)
satellites. What effect will the change in
frequency have on the gain and
beamwidth of the antenna?
ANSWER:
A. Gain increases by 9.54 dB, beamwidth
decreases to 1/3 of its former v alue.
QUESTION:
The moon orbits the earth with a period of
approximately 28 days. How far away is it?
Assume circular orbit.
ANSWER:
c. 384 Mm
QUESTION:
An antenna's beamwidth is measured
QUESTION:
The outline of a communications satellite
antenna pattern on the earth is known as:
ANSWER:
Choices:
a. from +90 to 90
b. between half-power points
c. from front to back
d. between the minor side-lobes
d. footprint
QUESTION:
Calculate the length of the path to a
geostationary satellite from an earth station
where the angle of elev ation is 30.
(earths radius = 6400 km, height of satellite
above earth is 36 X 103 km)
QUESTION:
ANSWER: B
ANSWER:
c. 39,000 km
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
QUESTION:
Choices:
a. radio signals reflecting off the ground
b. buildings and other structures on the
ground
c. fading
d. faulty connection of the feed cable
ground
ANSWER: A
11
4 x10
v
d 6400
Formula :
Choices:
a. a shorted stub
b. an LC network
c. a loading coil
d. all of the choices
4 x1011
v
(500 6400)
ANSWER: D
= 7.6 km/s
Choices:
a. the number of lobes increases
b. efficiency decreases
c. the number of nodes decreases
d. none of the abov e
QUESTION:
Find the orbital period of a satellite in a
circular orbit 36,000 km abov e the earths
surface if the earths radius is 6400 km.
ANSWER:
Formula :
Where :
C
v
T = orbital period
C = circumference
v = orbital v elocity
C = 2r
= 2 ( 6400 + 36,000 ) = 266.4 x 106
m
4 x1011
v
3.07km/s
(36,000 6400)
ANSWER: A
QUESTION:
The height above mean sea level of a
satellite in a geosynchronous orbit around
Earth is:
C 266.4 x106 m
24hrs or
v 3.07x103 m /s
1440 minutes
ANSWER:
d. 35,786 km
km
r = radius of the earth in km
(6400 km)
h = height of satellite above
equator ( 36 x 103 km)
= angle of elev ation to
satellite at antenna site
Solution :
a. 1440 mins
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER: A
Formula :
39,000 km
QUESTION:
A satellite access technique where each
earth station transmits a short burst of
information during a specific time slot.
ANSWER:
c. TDMA ( Time Div ision Multiple Access)
QUESTION:
An earth station antenna look angle is
determined by :
ANSWER:
a. azimuth & elev ation
QUESTION:
An ITU radiocommunication standards for
satellite serv ices which provides information
on the range of frequencies that can be
used by fixed satellite serv ice systems for
emergency and disaster relief operations.
ANSWER:
c.
ITU-R S.1001-2
QUESTION:
As per Philippine standard, frequency allocation of AM Radio Broadcasting is from
ANSWER:
d. 526.5 to 1705 kHz
QUESTION:
Part of broadcasting in a day that refers to that period of time between 1000 UTC to 2200 UTC. UTC stands for Universal
Time Coordinates.
ANSWER:
b. nighttime period
QUESTION:
An AM broadcast service area in which groundwave field of 1mV/m (60dBu) is not subject to objectionable interference
or objectionable fading.
ANSWER:
a. primary serv ice area
QUESTION:
In antenna mast or tower construction, the required obstruction painting and/or lighting must be imposed on mast or
tower more than from the ground lev el.
Choices:
a. 100 ft
b. 150 ft
c. 200 ft
d. 250 ft
QUESTION:
Regarding the design of AM antenna, what should be the polarization of the radiator?
ANSWER:
b. v ertical
QUESTION:
As per Phillipine standard, what is the minimum frequency separation in any service area for adjacent AM radio stations?
ANSWER:
c. 36 kHz
QUESTION:
What is the maximum power allowable for remote pick-up stations used as broadcast auxillary serv ices for AM and FM
broadcast stations?
ANSWER:
c. 35 W
QUESTION:
What is the classification of an FM station having an ERP not exceeding 30kW?
ANSWER:
b. Class B
QUESTION:
What is the modulation used for the stereophonic subcarrier of FM composite baseband signal?
ANSWER:
b. AM DSB SC
QUESTION:
What is the pilot subcarrier frequency used in FM stereophonic transmission?
ANSWER:
b. 19 kHz
QUESTION:
The output power of an FM transmitter is 5 kW. If the power loss in transmission line is around 10 W and the antenna has a
power gain of 6 dB, what is the ERP of the station in kW?
ANSWER:
d. 19.96 kW
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
G ANT = 6 dB = 4
ERP = (5000 10) x 4 = 4990 x 4 = 19,960 W or 19.96 kW
QUESTION:
Frequency allocation of FM broadcast in the Philippines
ANSWER:
b. 88 108 MHz
QUESTION:
What is the color TV system adopted by the Philippines?
ANSWER:
a. NTSC
QUESTION:
Exact v alue of color subcarrier frequency (MHz) is
ANSWER:
d. 3.579545
QUESTION:
Determine the v isual carrier frequency of TV channel 9.
ANSWER:
b. 187.25 MHz
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
fNLB = 174 + (N 7)6, using Arithmetic Progression
f9LB = 174 + (9 7)6 = 174 + (2)6 = 174 + 12 = 186 MHz, low band frequency of channel 9
fVC = 186 + 1.25 = 187.25 MHz, visual carrier frequency of channel 9
QUESTION:
What is the maximum allowable ERPs for channels 7 13 in Metro Manila and Metro Cebu?
ANSWER:
d. 1 MW
QUESTION:
At NTSC standard, the number of lines per frame = ________ lines/frame
ANSWER:
b. 525
QUESTION:
At NTSC standard, line frequency = 15734.264 Hz. What is the equivalent line period?
ANSWER:
c. 63.556 usec
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
fH = 15734.264 Hz
H = 1 / fH = 1 / 15734.264
H = 63.556 x 10-6 = 63.556 usec
QUESTION:
Nominal RF bandwidth of NTSC TV channel
ANSWER:
c. 6 MHz
QUESTION:
A land mobile station used for the transmission of TV program materials and related communications from the scenes of
ev ents occuring at remote points from TV broadcast station studios to TV broadcast station.
ANSWER:
a.
TV Pick-up station
QUESTION:
For a total capacity of 36 Mbps and 64-QAM of digital modulation, what is the ideal RF bandwidth?
ANSWER:
c. 6 MHz
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
For a 64-QAM, the total number of symbol combinations is 64 symbols and the number of bits to produce this
is
n = log2 64 = 6 bits per symbol
Therefore the ideal RF bandwidth is
BW = fB / n = 36 Mbps / 6 bits
BW = 6 MHz
QUESTION:
What is the mode of radio wave propagation that utilized ionosphere as a medium of transmission and / or reception of
radio signals?
ANSWER:
b. sky wave
QUESTION:
What is the wavelength of a radio signal trav elling at a frequency of 220 MHz in a coaxial line having Teflon foam as its
dielectric, r = 2?
ANSWER:
c. 0.96 m
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
c = 3 x 108 m/sec = 300 x 106 m/sec
v elocity factor v f = 1 / sqrt ( r) = 1 / sqrt (2) = 0.707 = v P / c
Therefore the v elocity of the radio signal in the coaxial line is
v P = 0.707c = 0.707 (300 x 106) = 212,132,034.36 m/sec (or 212 x 106 m/sec approx.)
so that the wavelength of the signal is
= v P / f = 212 x 106 / 220 x 106 = 0.963636 m or 0.96 m approx.
QUESTION:
What is the angle of refraction in a Teflon ( r2 = 2) medium of a radio wave from air ( r1 = 1.0) if its angle of incidence is
45?
ANSWER:
d. 30
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
Using Snells Law
Sqrt ( r1) sin i = Sqrt ( r2) sin r
Sqrt (1) sin 45 = Sqrt (2) sin r
r = sin-1 [(Sqrt (1) sin 45) / Sqrt (2)] = sin -1 (0.5) = 30
QUESTION:
An ionosphere layer also termed as absorption layer because it absorbs most of the frequencies above 100 kHz is
known as the layer.
ANSWER:
a. D
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
The D layer has a critical frequency in the order of 100 kHz. Ev en MF band frequencies are absorbed by this
layer during sky wave propagation particularly in AM and SW radio broadcasting.
QUESTION:
As per ITU-R Recc. V.431-6 Tables 1 & 2 Wav elength Classifications, what is the classification of Super High Frequency?
ANSWER:
c. centimetric
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
SHF band: 3 GHz 30 GHz
max = 3 x 108 / 3 x 109 = 0.1 m = 100 cm
min = 3 x 108 / 30 x 109 = 0.01 m = 1 cm
SHF band wavelength classification is ranging from 1 cm to 100 cm. Therefore it is centimetric wave.
QUESTION:
What is a div ersity scheme that uses two (2) separate antennas and receivers for each single transmitter?
ANSWER:
b. space div ersity
QUESTION:
What is a div ersity scheme that uses two (2) different frequencies in a simplex path?
ANSWER:
a. frequency div ersity
QUESTION:
What is the critical frequency of a layer if the maximum v alue of electron density is 2 x 10 6 per cm3?
ANSWER:
c. 13 MHz
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
Nmax = 2 x 106 per cm3 = 2 x 106 x 106 per m3 = 2 x 1012 per m3
fc = 9 x sqrt (Nmax) = 9 x sqrt (2 x 1012)
fc = 12.73 MHz or 13 MHz approx.
QUESTION:
A radio communication link is to be established v ia the ionosphere. The maximum virtual height of the layer is 110 km. at
the midpoint of the path and the critical frequency is 4 MHz. If the distance between the radio stations is 500 km, what is
the suitable v alue for the optimum working frequency? Use flat terrain analysis.
ANSWER:
c. 8.4 MHz
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
For flat terrain analysis, tan i = d/2h v
i = tan -1 [d/2h v] = tan -1 [500/2(110)] = tan -1 [2.273] = 66.25 angle of incidence
MUF = fc x sec i = fc / cos i = 4 / cos 66.25 = 4 / 0.40275 = 9.932 MHz v ia Secant Law
OWF = 0.85 x MUF = 0.85 (9.932) = 8.4422 MHz or 8.4 MHz approx.
QUESTION:
The power density is inv ersely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. This law is known as
ANSWER:
c. Inv erse Square law
QUESTION:
The lowest portion of the ionosphere that is useful for long-distance communication by amateurs; about 100 to 115 km
above the earth is known as thelayer. This is often termed as the Kennely-Heavyside layer.
ANSWER:
b. E
QUESTION:
A graph which shows the radiation in actual field strength of electromagnetic fields at all points which are at equal
distance from the antenna is known as
ANSWER:
b. Radiation Pattern
QUESTION:
The efficiency of an antenna is 82 %. Its radiation resistance is 30 . What is the v alue of its loss resistance?
ANSWER:
d. 6.58
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
= R d/(R d + R loss)
0.82 = 30/(30 + R loss )
0.82 (30 + R loss) = 30 = 24.6 + 0.82 R loss
Rloss = (30 24.6) / 0.82 = 6.5854 or 6.58 approx.
QUESTION:
A phenomenon on the surface of the sun with appearance and disappearance of dark irregularly shaped areas.
ANSWER:
b. 11-year sunspot
QUESTION:
What should be done to increase the transmission distance at frequencies higher than HF bands?
ANSWER:
b. increase antenna height
QUESTION:
Which of the following factors must be considered in the transmission of a surface wave to reduce attenuation?
ANSWER:
d. all choices
QUESTION:
A radio station operates at 11 meter wavelength. What is the designated band of stations frequency?
ANSWER:
b. HF
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
c = 3 x 108 m/sec
= 11 m = c / f
f = 3 x 108 / 11 = 27 MHz approx., which is within 3 30 MHz range designated as HF band
QUESTION:
What is the total radio horizon distance between an 80 ft transmitting station and a 20 ft receiv ing station?
ANSWER:
d. 18.97 mi
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
d RH (TOT) = sqrt (2 x h T) + sqrt (2 x h R)
d RH (TOT) = sqrt (2 x 80) + sqrt (2 x 20)
d RH (TOT) = 18.97 mi
QUESTION:
A power density of 1.57 x 10-4 W/m2 is measured 50 meters from a test antenna whose directiv e gain is 2.15 dB. How
much power was fed into the test antenna?
ANSWER:
c. 3 W
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
From Inv erse Square Law, P D = P R/4d 2
P R = P D x 4d 2 = 1.57 x 10-4 x 4(50)2 = 4.93 W approx. is the radiated power
G ANT = log-1 [2.15 dB/10] = 1.64
P R = P FED x G ANT
P FED = P R / G ANT = 4.93 / 1.64 = 3.007 W or 3 W approx.
ANSWER:
b. area codes
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
b.
697Hz,770Hz,852Hz,941Hz
QUESTION:
In DTMF, the Horizontal
frequencies are
d. 0.8 dB
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a. in erlangs
QUESTION: In a cellular telephone
system, each cell site contains a ____.
ANSWER:
a.
repeater
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
a. forward links
QUESTION: A CDMA mobile measures
the signal strength from the base as -100
dBm. What should the mobile
transmitter power be set to as a first
approximation, considering - 76 dB at
mobile power contol?
ANSWER:
P T = -76 dB - P R
= -76 dB (-100dBm)
= 24 dBm
= 250 mW
In DTMF, the
horizontal
frequencies is also
known as
ANSWER:
b. high group frequencies
b. trunk lines
QUESTION:
In telephony,
call blocking is:
ANSWER:
a. low group frequencies
ANSWER:
b.
QUESTION:
The bandwidth of v oice-grade signals
on a telephone system is restricted in
order to:
QUESTION:
The cable used for
local loops in
telephone system is
mainly:
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
c. 250 mW
a. 48 v olts DC
ANSWER:
b. cluster
QUESTION: In Celluar Telephone
Systems, these are transmissions from
base stations to mobile units (Downlink)
b.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
c. the unit is handed off to a closer
cell
a. 1209Hz,
1336Hz,1477Hz,1633Hz
ANSWER:
a. twisted-pair copper wire
ANSWER:
c. allow signals to be multiplexed
QUESTION:
11. This is the highest-ranking office in
the DDD network in telephony in terms
of the size of the geographical area
serv ed and the trunking options
av ailable.
QUESTION:
In DTMF, the four
v ertical frequencies
are ____.
ANSWER:
b. regional center
QUESTION:
In Cellular Radio, AMPS stand for:
ANSWER:
d. Adv anced Mobile Phone Service
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
+ 26 dBu is how many v olts?
ANSWER: b. 15.5 V
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
V (dBu) = 20 log [ v oltage in Volts /
0.775 Volts ]
26 = 20 log [ v oltage in Volts /
0.775 V ]
26 / 20 = log [ v oltage in Volts /
0.775 V ] = 1.3
Voltage = log-1 (1.3) x 0.775 V
Voltage = 15.5 V
ANSWER:
a.
QUESTION:
In Cellular Radio, MSC stands for:
ANSWER:
a.
QUESTION:
In GSM, voice channels are called:
ANSWER:
a.
traffic channels
QUESTION:
In Mobile Communications, GSM uses:
ANSWER:
a.
frequency
hopping
QUESTION:
In Mobile Communications, IMSI stands
for:
ANSWER:
b. International Mobile Subscriber
Identification
QUESTION:
An acoustical phenomenon wherein the
sound continues to persist after the cause
of sound has stopped resulting in repeated
reflections is called
ANSWER:
b. rev erberation
QUESTION:
A group of filters has 1/3 octav e of spacing.
If the initial frequency is 25 Hz, what is the
next frequency available for the filter?
ANSWER: d. 31.5 Hz
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
f2 = 2x f1 where x = 1/3, fraction of
an octave
f2 = 21/3 x 25 = 31.5 Hz
QUESTION:
A type of microphone that uses the
principle of a capacitor as a means of
transduction. It uses a polarizing voltage of
between 9 and 48 V of DC supply applied
to its diaphragm by an external power
supply.
ANSWER:
b. Condenser
QUESTION:
Determine the sound power in Watts
produced by the banks alarm if a bystander heard the alarm at a sound
pressure lev el of 100 dB-SPL. The by-stander
is 100 ft away from the bank.
ANSWER: d. 58.65 W
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
PWL = SPL + 20 log D(m) + 8
PWL = 100 + 20 log (100/3.28) + 8 =
137.68 dB-PWL
137.68 = 10 log W + 120
W = log-1 [(137.68 120)/10]
W = 58.65 Watts
QUESTION:
Electromagnetic waves that are directed
above the horizon level.
Choices:
a. ground waves b. surface waves c.
sky waves d. space waves
ANSWER: c
QUESTION:
A loudspeaker produces an SPL of 85dB-SPL
at 1 meter distance and input electrical
power of 1 W. How loud is the SPL at
distance of 20 meters if this speaker is driv en
to 10 W of electrical power?
ANSWER: b. 69 dB-SPL
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM SOLVING):
SPL@1m/1W = 85 dB-SPL (given)
SPL@20m/1W = 85 - 20 log
(20m/1m) = 59 dB-SPL
SPL@20m/10W = 59 + 10 log
(10W/1W) = 69 dB-SPL
QUESTION:
A number from 0 to 1 representing the
ability of a surface material to absorb
sound energy is known as
ANSWER:
c. Absorption Coefficient
QUESTION:
The difference in dB between the loudest
lev el of sound and the softest passage of
sound is known as _
ANSWER:
d. dynamic range
QUESTION:
The highest frequency that can be used
for skywave propagation between two
specific points on earths surface.
Choices:
a. Critical Frequency b. MUF
c.
Cut-off frequency
d. mid frequency
ANSWER: a
QUESTION:
Variation in signal loss caused by
natural weather disturbances.
Choices:
a. attenuation
b. fading
c. spreading loss d. weather loss
ANSWER: b
QUESTION:
Determine the radio horizon for a
transmit antenna that is 200 m high and
a receiv ing antenna that is 100 m high
Choices:
a. 99.5km
b. 96.5 km
c. 95.87
km
d. 97.5 km
ANSWER: a
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
D = 17ht + 17hr
= 17(200) + 17(100)
= 99.5 km
QUESTION:
The height above the earths surface
from which a refracted wave appears
to have been reflected
Choices:
a. actual height b. v irtual height
c. av erage height d. mean height
ANSWER: b
QUESTION:
The highest frequency that can be used
for skywave propagation between two
specific points on earths surface.
Choices:
a. Critical Frequency b. MUF c.
Cut-off frequency d. center
frequency
ANSWER: a
QUESTION:
The angular separation between the
two half-power points on the power
density radiation pattern.
Choices:
a. Bandwidth b Beamwidth c.
Footprint d. Azimuth
ANSWER:
Beamwidth
QUESTION:
Refers to the direction in space of
electric v ector of the electromagnetic
wave radiated from an antenna and is
parallel to the antenna itself.
ANSWER:
Polarization
QUESTION:
Placing a metallic array on the antenna
effects to increase the current at the
base of the antenna, and also to make
the current distribution more uniform.
What is this called?
QUESTION:
The ratio of the focal length to the
mouth diameter is called __________ of
the parabola, just as in camera lenses.
ANSWER:
Aperture
ANSWER:
Top loading
QUESTION:
What principle that states that the
properties of an antenna are
independent of whether it is used for
transmission or reception.
ANSWER:
Principle of reciprocity
QUESTION:
Calculate the beam width between
nulls of a 2-m paraboloid reflector used
at 6GHz. Not e: such reflectors are often
used at that frequency as antennas
outside broadcast television microwave
links.
ANSWER:
3.50 (c)
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
0=
0=3.50
QUESTION:
This is often used to cure the problem of
great thickness required of lenses used
at lower microwave frequencies or for
strong curv ed wavefronts.
ANSWER:
Zoning
QUESTION:
A structure-generally metallic and
sometimes v ery complex-designed to
prov ide an efficient coupling between
space and the output of a transmitter or
input to a receiv er.
ANSWER:
Antenna
QUESTION:
The ratio comparing the power density
generated by a practical antenna in
some direction, with that due to an
isotopic antenna radiating the same
total power.
ANSWER:
Directiv e gain(b)
QUESTION:
Any array that is directional at right
angles to the plane of the array is said,
by inference, to hav e __________.
ANSWER:
Broadside action
P(dBm)= 10log
QUESTION:
Corresponds to a resonant transmission
line, and the dipole antennas describe
so far hav e been resonant.
ANSWER:
Resonant antenna (b)
QUESTION:
An optic fiber is made of glass with a
refractiv e index of 1.55 and is clad with
another glass with a refractiv e index of
1.51. Launching takes place from air.
What numerical aperture does the fiber
hav e?
Choices:
a. 0.852
c.
1.032
ANSWER:
b.
0.352
d. 0.235
b. 0.352
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
By equation (20.10), the fractional
difference between the indexes is:
=(n 1-n2)/n1
=(1.55-1.51)/1.55
=0.0258
By equation (20.11), the numerical
aperture is found to be:
NA=n 1(2)
=1.55[(2)(0.0258)]
= 0.352
QUESTION:
An optic fiber is made of glass with a
refractiv e index of 1.55 and is clad with
another glass with a refractiv e index of
1.51. Launching takes place from air.
What is the acceptance angle?
ANSWER:
c. 20.6
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
By equation (20.10), the fractional
difference between the indexes is:
=(n 1-n2)/n1
=(1.55-1.51)/1.55
=0.0258
By equation (20.11), the numerical
aperture is found to be:
NA=n 1(2)
=1.55[(2)(0.0258)]
= 0.352
By equation (20.8), the acceptance
angle is:
0(max)=sin -1NA= sin -10.352=20.6
QUESTION:
For a single-mode optical cable with
0.25-dB/km loss, determine the optical
power 100km from a 0.1-mW light
source.
ANSWER:
-35dBm
= -35dBm
QUESTION:
For an optical fiber 10km long with a
pulse-spreading constant of 5ns/km,
determine the maximum digital
transmission rates for return-to-zero.
ANSWER:
20Mbps
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
Fb=
=20Mbps
QUESTION:
In fiber optics, it is a measure of the
conv ersion efficiency of a
photodetector. It is the ratio of the
output current of a photodiode to the
input optical power and has the unit of
amperes per watt
ANSWER:
Responsiv ity
QUESTION:
A phenomenon also called
stress corrosion resulting if the
glass fiber is exposed to long
periods of high humidity?
ANSWER A. Static fatigue:
QUESTION:
The theory which states that
when v isible light or highfrequency electromagnetic
radiation illuminates a metallic
surface, electrons are emitted.
ANSWER:
B. Plancks law
QUESTION:
The science of measuring only light
waves that are visible to the human eye
ANSWER:
B. Photometry
QUESTION:
The process of constructing an ILD that
is similar to LED except that the ends
are highly polished.
ANSWER:
C. Lasing
QUESTION:
A phenomenon in optical fibers
communication system that is caused
by the difference in the propagation
times of light rays that take different
paths down the fiber.
ANSWER:
A. Pulse spreading
Question:
For an electronic dev ice operating at a temperature of 17C with a bandwidth of 10 kHz, determine the thermal noise
power in dBm .
ANSWER:
c. -134dBm
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM-SOLVING)
N = KTB
B = 1 x 10 4 Hz
= 5.4 x 10-6 V
= 5.4 V
Question:
The signal power at the input to an amplifier is 100W and the noise power is 1 W. At the output, the signal power is 1W
and the noise power is 30mW. What is the amplifier noise figure, as a ratio?
ANSWER:
c. 3
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM-SOLVING)
(S/N)p = 100W
1W
(S/N)o = 1W
0.03W
NF (ratio) = 100
33.5
= 100
= 33.3
=3
Question:
It is desired to operate a receiv er with NF = 8dB at S/N = 15 dB ov er a 200-KHz bandwidth at ambient temperature.
Calculate the receivers sensitivity.
ANSWER:
a. -98dBm
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM-SOLVING)
S = Sensitiv ity = -74dBm + NF + 10logf + desired S/N
S = -174 + 8 + 10log(200,000) + 15
S = -98 dBm
Question:
A Satellite receiv ing system includes a dish antenna ( T eq = 35 K) connected via a coupling network (T eq= 40 K) to a
microwave receiver (T eq=52 K referred to its input). What is the noise power to the receiv ers input over a 1-MHz
frequency range?
Choices:
a. 1.75 x 10-15W
b. 1.75 x 10-12W
c. 1.15 x 10-15W
d. 1.15 x 10-12W
ANSWER:
a. 1.75 x 10-15
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM-SOLVING)
P N = KTf
= 1.38 x 10-23 J/K (35 + 40 + 52)K (1MHz)
= 1.75 x 10-15 W
Question:
Equiv alent temperature of a passiv e system having the same noise power output of a giv en system.
ANSWER:
d.
noise temperature
Question:
The noise v oltage produced across a 50 is input resistance at a temperature of 302C with a bandwidth of 6 MHz is
______.
ANSWER:
d. 2.24V
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM-SOLVING)
VN =
=
= 2.24V
Question:
Determine the worst-case output S/N for a broadcast FM program that has a maximum intelligence frequency of 5 kHz.
The input S/N is 2
ANSWER:
a. 30
SOLUTION (IF PROBLEM-SOLVING)
= x fi
= 0.5 x 5 kHz = 2.5 kHz
75 kHz
2.5 kHz
= 30
QUESTION:
The technique that uses the BPSK vector relationship to generate an output with logical 0s and 1s determined by
comparing the phase of two successiv e data bits is
ANSWER:
b.
DPSK
QUESTION:
A method of nonspontaneous lysing (splitting) of a substance by the input of electrical energy, and is often used to
decompose a compound into its elements.
ANSWER:
b. electrolysis
QUESTION:
A special digital modulation technique
that achieves high data rates in limitedbandwidth channels is called
QUESTION:
FSK systems are much superior to twotone amplitude-modulation systems
with respect to
QUESTION:
Using an oscilloscope to display
ov erlayed received data bits that
prov ide information on noise, jitter, and
linearity is called a(n)
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
c. Quadrature amplitude
modulation (QAM)
c. Ionospheric fading
characteristics
ANSWER:
a.
Eye pattern
QUESTION:
The type of radio transmission that uses
pseudorandomly switched transmissions
is known as
QUESTION:
Which is not a type of pulse
modulation?
QUESTION:
In an S/H circuit, the time that it must
hold the sampled v oltage is
a.
ANSWER:
b. Spread spectrum
QUESTION:
The acronym CDMA refers to ________.
a.
ANSWER:
d. Code-division multipleaccess systems
ANSWER:
Pulse-frequency modulation (PFM)
ANSWER:
Aperture time
QUESTION:
PPM and PWM are superior to PAM
systems in
QUESTION:
Error signals associated with the
sampling process are called
ANSWER:
Noise characteristics
ANSWER:
Foldov er distortion and aliasing
QUESTION:
A procedure that decides which device
has permission to transmit at a giv en
time is called
QUESTION:
A(n) ________ is a single LSI chip
containing both the ADC and DAC
circuitry.
ANSWER:
Line Control
ANSWER:
codec
QUESTION:
The major difficulty faced by delta
modulators is
QUESTION:
The NRZ digital signal-encoding format
has a ________ component in the
waveform.
QUESTION:
The acronym OFDM refers to ________.
a.
ANSWER:
Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing
QUESTION:
Using radio to transmit gathered data
on some particular phenomenon
without human monitors is known as
ANSWER:
Radio telemetry
QUESTION:
The acronym for the form of data
transmission in which the modulating
wave shifts the output between two
predetermined frequencies is _____.
ANSWER:
Slope ov erload
QUESTION:
The AT&T T1 lines
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a.
FSK
QUESTION:
Pseudorandom implies a sequence that
can be _____ but has the properties of
randomness.
a.
ANSWER:
re-created
QUESTION:
______ implies that both analog and
digital signals share the same channel
bandwidth.
ANSWER:
Hybrid
QUESTION:
Telemetry may be defined as _____
metering.
ANSWER:
Remote
ANSWER:
Brown
QUESTION:
A(n) ________ is used to allow a digital
signal to be transmitted on an analog
channel.
ANSWER:
modem
ANSWER:
dc
QUESTION:
ReedSolomon codes utilize a
technique called ________ to rearrange
the data into a nonlinear ordering
scheme to improv e the chance of data
correction.
ANSWER:
interleav ing
QUESTION:
The electric field intensity is measured in:
ANSWER:
a. V/m
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
The bit ________ is the amount of power
in a digital bit for a giv en amount of
time.
ANSWER:
energy
QUESTION:
The relationship for bit rate to ________
bandwidth is defined by the ShannonHartley theorem.
a.
polarization
QUESTION:
It refers to the maximum antenna gain.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
Channel
a. directiv ity
QUESTION:
The
QUESTION:
VLF wav es are for some types of
serv ices because
QUESTION:
Which region of the ionosphere is mainly
responsible for long-distance night time
communications?
ANSWER:
c. they are v ery reliable
ANSWER:
d. F layer
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
It is the distance between two wav e
fronts hav ing the same phase at any
giv en instant.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a. radio horizon
QUESTION:
Which is properly terminated antenna?
ANSWER:
b. wavelength
ANSWER:
a. rhombic
a. end fire
QUESTION:
It is a piece of transmission line which is
normally short-circuited at the far end.
QUESTION:
The electric field is perpendicular to the
earths surface, the polarization
is:
QUESTION:
Occurs when the radio beam is at point
of grazing ov er an obstacle.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
b. stub
a. diffraction
ANSWER:
a. v ertical
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
A 50 ohms transmission line is
connected to a 30 ohm resistiv e
load.
Calculate the reflection
coefficient.
QUESTION:
A microwav e communications system,
space loss calculation formula is
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
b. 0.25
SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM -SOLVING)
ANSWER:
a. MF (Medium Frequency)
QUESTION:
A measure of
transmission line
in
QUESTION:
ANSWER:
c. standing wave ratio
QUESTION:
The highest frequency that can be set
back to earth by the ionosphere, if
wav e is sent v ertically upward.
ANSWER:
c. length
ANSWER:
QUESTION:
c.
critical frequency
QUESTION:
Trav el in a straight line from the
transmitting antenna to the receiv ing
antenna.
Characteristic impedance of a
transmission line is the impedance
measured at the _______ when its
length is infinite.
ANSWER:
a. input
ANSWER:
c. space wave
ANSWER: d. TCM
QUESTION:
A type of microwave protection system
where each working channel has a
dedicated back up or spare channel.
ANSWER:
ANSWER: b. BER
QUESTION: Is an n-bit data register inside
the UART that keeps track of the UARTs
transmit and receiv e buffer registers.
ANSWER: b. Status Word register
IECEP Manila
ANSWER: a. CSMA/CD
ANSWER: a. 32 bits
ANSWER: d. Switch
QUESTION:
What happens to the frequency of the
wave and to its wavelength when a sound
wave produced in one medium enters
another medium with a different speed?
ANSWER:
c. the frequency of the wave stays the
same while the wavelength changes.
QUESTION:
What is the pH lev el of toilet soap?
ANSWER:
c.10
D. Hot Standby