Reformed Epistemology Bibliography

Compiled and Categorized by Michael Sudduth

The bibliography is divided into ten sections, roughly covering all publications on
Reformed epistemology and relevant to the Reformed epistemology movement which
have been published roughly between 1979-1999. This includes over 300 articles and
about 30 books. I have at times also included articles in general epistemology,
especially where these relate to the work of Reformed epistemologists. I have also
included articles in religious epistemology that do not directly refer to or discuss the
ideas of Reformed epistemology. Since Plantinga and Alston have produced a
considerable number of papers in epistemology, I have listed their relevant
publications under separate sections (arranged chronologically).
It should be understood that the location of some articles and books in one section as
opposed to another was on occasion somewhat arbitrary, as they could reasonably
have been subsumed under alternative sections. The arrangement is nonetheless
helpful for more immediate reference.
Bibliography at a Glance
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7.

Articles and Books in Epistemology by Alvin Plantinga

Articles and Books in Epistemology by William Alston
The Proper Basicality of Theistic Belief
Foundationalism, Evidentialism, and Rationality
Plantinga's Externalist Warrant Epistemology
Alston's Religious Experience Epistemology
Reformed Epistemology in Relation to John Calvin and the Reformed
Theological Tradition
8. Reformed Epistemology, Natural Theology, and Apologetics
9. Reviews on Reformed Epistemology and Related Publications
10. Books on Reformed Epistemology

1. Articles and Books in Epistemology by Alvin Plantinga

(Arranged in Chronological Order)
1967. God and Other Minds. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
1979. "Is Belief in God Rational?" In Rationality and Religious Belief, ed. C.F.
Delaney. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
1980. "The Reformed Objection to Natural Theology." In Proceedings of the
American Catholic Philosophical Association 54.
1981a. "Is Belief in God Properly Basic?" Nous 15: 41-51.

1981b. "Rationality & Religious Belief." In Contemporary Philosophy of Religion, ed.

S. Cahn & D. Shatz. New York: University of Oxford Press. Pages 255-277.
1982a. "On Reformed Epistemology." The Reformed Journal 32 (January): 13-17.
1982b. "Reformed Epistemology Again." The Reformed Journal 32 (July): 7-8.
1982c. "The Reformed Objection to Natural Theology." Christian Scholars Review
11: 187-198.
1983a. Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, ed. Alvin Plantinga and
Nicholas Wolterstorff. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
1983b. "Reason and Belief in God." In Faith and Rationality, ed. Alvin Plantinga and
Nicholas Wolterstorff. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. Pages 16-93.
1983c. "The Reformed Objection Revisited." Christian Scholars Review 12: 57-61.
1985a. "Alvin Plantinga: Self-Profile." In Alvin Plantinga, ed. James Tomberlin and
Peter van Inwagen. Dordrecht: D. Reidel. Pages 3-97.
1985b. "Replies to Articles." In Alvin Plantinga, ed. James Tomberlin and Peter van
Inwagen. Dordrecht: D. Reidel. Pages 313-96.
1986a. "Epistemic Justification." Nous 20: 3-18.
1986b. "Coherentism and the Evidentialist Objection to Theistic Belief." In
Rationality, Religious Belief, and Moral Commitment, ed. William Wainwright and
Robert Audi Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Pages 109-38.
1986c. "Is Theism Really a Miracle?" Faith and Philosophy 3: 109-34.
1986d. "On Taking Belief in God as Basic." In Religious Experience, Religious Belief,
ed J. Runzo and Craig Ihara. Lanham, MD.: University Press of America. Pages 1-17.
1986e. "The Foundations of Theism: A Reply." Faith and Philosophy 3: 313-96.
1987a. "Justification and Theism." Faith and Philosophy 4: 403-26.
1987b. "Reply to Timmer." The Reformed Journal (September).
1988a. "Chisholmian Internalism." In Philosophical Analysis: a Defense by Example,
ed. David Austin. Dordrecht: D. Reidel. Pages 127-51.
1988b. "Epistemic Probability and Evil." Archivo di Filosofia 56:557-84.
1988c. "Positive Epistemic Status and Proper Function." In Philosophical
Perspectives 2, Epistemology, ed. James Tomberlin. Atascadero: Ridgeview
Publishing Co. Pages 1-50.

1988d. "Response to Keller." Faith and Philosophy 5: 159-164.

1989a. "Ad de Vries." The Christian Scholar's Review.
1989b. The Twin Pillars of Christian Scholarship: The Henry Stob Lectures. Grand
Rapids: Calvin College pamphlet.
1990. "Justification in the Twentieth Century." Philosophy and Phenomenological
Research 50 (supplement): 45-71.
1991a. "Ad Robbins." Journal of the American Academy of Religion.
1991b. "Ad Walls." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 51.4: 621-24.
1991c. "An Evolutionary Argument Against Naturalism." Logos 12: 27-49.
1991d. "Science, Neutrality, and Biblical Scholarship: A Reply to McMullin, Pun, and
Van Till." The Christian Scholar's Review 21: 80-109.
1991e. "The Prospects for Natural Theology. " In Philosophical Perspectives 5:
Philosophy of Religion, ed. James Tomberlin. Atascadero: Ridgeview Publishing Co.
Pages 287-316.
1991f. "Warrant and Designing Agents: a Reply to James Taylor." Philosophical
Studies 64.2: 203-15.
1991g. "When Faith and Reason Clash: Evolution and the Bible." The Christian
Scholar's Review 21: 8-32.
1992a. "Augustian Christian Philosophy." Monist 75.3: 291-320.
1992b. "Belief in God." In Introduction to Philosophy, ed. R. Boylan. New York:
Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich.
1993a. "Agnosticism," "Dogmatism" and "Epistemology of Religious Belief." In A
Companion to Epistemology, ed. Ernest Sosa and Jonathan Dancy. Oxford: Blackwell,
Ltd.
1993b. "Divine Knowledge." In Christian Perspectives on Religious Knowledge, ed.
C. Steven Evans and Merold Westphal. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Pages 40-65.
1993c. Warrant: the Current Debate. New York: Oxford University Press.
1993d. Warrant and Proper Function. New York: Oxford University Press.
1993e. "Why We Need Proper Function." Nous 27.1: 66-82.

1995a. "Pluralism: A Defense of Religious Exclusivism." In The Rationality of Belief

and the Plurality of Faith: Essays in Honor of William P. Alston, ed. Thomas Senor.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Pages 191-215.
1995b. "Precis of Warrant: The Current Debate and Warrant and Proper Function."
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 55.2: 393-96.
1995c. "Reliabilism, Analyses and Defeaters." Philosophy and Phenomenological
Research 55.2 427-64.
1995d. "What is the Question?" Journal of Philosophical Research 20: 19-43.
1996a. "Dennett's Dangerous Idea." Books and Culture, May-June.
1996b. "Methodological Naturalism?", in Facets of Faith and Science, ed. J. van der
Meer (Lanham, MA: University Press of America, 1996)
1996c. "On Being Evidentially Challenged." In The Evidential Argument from Evil,
ed. Daniel Howard-Snyder. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Pages 244-61.
1996d. "Respondeo." In Warrant in Contemporary Epistemology: Essays in Honor of
Plantinga's Theory of Knowledge, ed. Jonathan Kvanvig. Savage, Maryland: Rowman
and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
1996e. "Science: Augustinian or Duhemian?" Faith and Philosophy 13.3 368-94.
1997a. "Ad Hick." Faith and Philosophy 14.30: 295-98.
1997b. "Warrant and Accidentally True Belief." Analysis 57.2: 140-45.
1998. The Analytic Theist: A Collection of Alvin Plantinga's Work in Philosophy of
Religion, ed. James Sennett. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
1999a. "Arguments for the Existence of God" and "Religion and Epistemology." In
Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy . New York: Routledge.
1999b. Warranted Christian Belief. New York: Oxford University Press.

Articles and Books in Epistemology by William Alston

(Arranged in Chronological Order)
1971a. "Varieties of Privileged Access." American Philosophical Quarterly 8.3: 22341.
1976a. "Has Foundationalism been Refuted." Philosophical Studies 29.5: 287-305.

1976b. "Self-Warrant: A Neglected Form of Privileged Access." American

Philosophical Quarterly 13.4: 257-72.
1977a. "Two Types of Foundationalism." The Journal of Philosophy 73.7: 165-85.
1979a. "Meta-Ethics and Meta-Epistemology". In Value and Morals, ed. Alvin
Goldman and Jaegwon Kim. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
1979b. "Yes, Virginia, There is a Real World." Proceedings of American
Philosophical Association 52: 779-808.
1980a. "Level Confusions in Epistemology." Midwest Studies in Philosophy 5: 13550.
1980b. "Some Remarks on Chisholm's Epistemology". Nous, 14: 565-86.
1981a. "The Christian Language-Game". In The Autonomy of Religious Belief,
ed. F.J. Crosson. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 128-162.
1982a. "Religious Experience and Religious Belief". Nous, 16: 3-12.
1983a. "Christian Experience and Christian Belief". In Faith and Rationality: Reason
and Belief in God, ed. Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff. Notre Dame, IN:
University of Notre Dame Press, 103-134.
1983b. "The Role of Reason in the Regulation of Belief". In Rationality in the
Calvinian Tradition, ed. Hendrik Hart, Johan Van der Hoeven, and Nicholas
Wolterstorff. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
1983c. "What's Wrong with Immediate Knowledge?" Synthese 55: 73-95.
1985a. "Concepts of Epistemic Justification." The Monist 68.1: 57-89.
1985b. "Plantinga's Epistemology of Religious Belief." In Alvin Plantinga (Profiles,
Vol. 5), ed. James Tomberlin and Peter van Inwagen. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 289-311.
1985c. "Thomas Reed on Epistemic Principles." History of Philosophy Quarterly 2:
435-52.
1986a. "Epistemic Circularity." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 47.1: 130.
1986b. "Internalism and Externalism in Epistemology." Philosophical Topics 14.1:
179-221.
1986c. "Is Religious Belief Rational?". In The Life of Religion, ed. S.M.
Harrison and R.C. Taylor. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
1986d. "Perceiving God". Journal of Philosophy, 83: 655-65.

1986e. "Religious Experience as a Ground of Religious Belief". In Religious

Experience and Religious Belief, ed. Joseph Runzo and Craig K. Ihara. Lanham, MD:
University Press of America, 31-51.
1988a. "An Internalist Externalism." Synthese 74: 265-83.
1988b. "Justification and Knowledge." In Proceedings of the XVIIth World Congress
of Philosophy 5.
1988c. "Religious Diversity and Perceptual Knowledge of God." Faith and
Philosophy 5:433-448.
1988d. "The Perception of God". Philosophical Topics, 16: 23-52.
1988e. "The Deontological Conception of Epistemic Justification." In Philosophical
Perspectives 2: Epistemology, ed. James Tomberlin. Ridgeview Publishing Company,
257-299.
1989a. "A 'Doxastic Approach' to Epistemology". In Knowledge and
Skepticism, ed. M. Clay and K. Lehrer. Boulder City, CO: Westview Press, 129.
1989b. Divine Nature and Human Language. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1989c. Epistemic Justification. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1989d. "Foley's Theory of Epistemic Rationality". Philosophy and Phenomenological
Research 50: 135-47.
1989e. "Goldman on Epistemic Justification." Philosophia (Israel), 19(2-3): 115-131.
1989f. "Reply to Daniels' Experiencing God." Philosophy and Phenomenological
Research 49: 501-506.
1990a. "Externalist Theories of Perception". Philosophy and Phenomenological
Research 51: 73-97.
1991a. "Higher Level Requirements for Epistemic Justification". In The Opened
Curtain, ed. Keith Lehrer and Ernest Sosa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
1991b. "Knowledge of God". In Faith, Reason, and Skepticism, ed. M. Hester.
Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
1991c. Perceiving God. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1991d. "Realism and the Task of Epistemology". Paper presented at Santa Clara
University Philosophy Conference on Realism and Anti-Realism in Epistemology,
Santa Clara, CA, March.

1991e. "The Fulfillment of Promises as Evidence for Religious Belief". Logos 12: 126
1992. "The Autonomy of Religious Experience." International Journal for
Philosophy of Religion 31(2-3): 67-87.
1993a. "Epistemic Desiderata." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 53.3:
527-551.
1993b. "On Knowing that We Know: The Application to Religious Knowledge". In
Christian Perspectives on Religious Knowledge, ed. C. Stephen Evans and Merold
Westphal. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 15-39.
1993c. The Reliability of Sense Perception. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1994a. "Reply to my Commentators," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
54.4: 891-899.
1994b. "Swinburne on Faith and Reason." In Reason and the Christian Religion, ed.
Alan Padgett. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 21-37.
1995a. "Realism and the Christian Faith." International Journal for Philosophy of
Religion 38.1-3: 37-60.
1995b. "Reply to Critics." Journal of Philosophical Research 20: 67-81.
1995c. "Theism as Theory and the Problem of Evil." Topoi, 14.2: 135-148.
1996a. "Belief, Acceptance, and Religious Faith." In Faith, Freedom, and Rationality:
Philosophy of Religion Today, ed. Jeff Jordan. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham.
1996b. "Some (Temporarily) Final Thoughts on Evidential Arguments from Evil." In
The Evidential Argument From Evil, ed. Daniel Howard-Snyder. Indiana University
Press, Bloomington.
1996c. "The Inductive Argument from Evil and the Human Cognitive Condition." In
The Evidential Argument From Evil, ed. Daniel Howard-Snyder, Daniel. Indiana
University Press, Bloomington. (This is a reprint of an article that appeared in
"Philosophical Perspectives" 5 (1991). The abstract appears in "The Philosopher's
Index" for 1993.
1997a. "Chisholm on the Epistemology of Perception." In The Philosophy of Roderick
M. Chisholm, Hahn, Lewis E. Publisher: Open Court, Chicago.
1997b. "Response to Hick." Faith and Philosophy 14.3: 287-288.
1998. "Perception and Conception." In Pragmatism, Reason, and Norms: A Realistic
Assessment, ed. Kenneth R Westphal. Fordham University Press, New York.

3. The Proper Basicality of Theistic Belief

Boyle, Joseph, J. 1988. "Is "God Exists" a Properly Basic Belief?: A Consideration of
Alvin Plantinga's Argument." In Thomist Papers 4, ed. Leonard A. Kennedy. Houston,
TX: Center for Thomistic Studies. Pages 169-184.
Christian, Rose Ann. 1992. "Plantinga, Epistemic Permissiveness, and Metaphysical
Pluralism." Religious Studies 28.4: 553-573.
Davis, John Jefferson. 1987. "Belief in Design as Properly Basic." Trinity Journal
8:145 57.
Draper, Pual. 1991. "Evil and the Proper Basicality of Belief in God." Faith and
Philosophy. 135-147, Ap
Evans, C. Stephen. 1988. "Kierkegaard and Plantinga on Belief in God". Faith and
Philosophy, 5: 25-39.
Goetz, Stewart C. 1983. "Belief in God is not Properly Basic." Religious Studies 19:
475-484.
Grigg, Richard. 1983. "Theism and Proper Basicality: A Response to Plantinga."
International Journal for the Philosophy of Religion 14: 123-127.
____________. 1990. "The Crucial Disanalogies between Properly Basic Belief and
Belief in God." Religious Studies 26 (September): 389-401.
Hanink, James G. 1987. "Some Questions about Proper Basicality". Faith and
Philosophy, 4: 13-25. JA
Howard-Snyder, Daniel; O'Leary-Hawthorne, John. 1996. "Are Beliefs About God
Theoretical Beliefs?" Reflections on Aquinas and Kant." Religious Studies., 32(2),
233-258, Je
Kretzmann, Norman. 1989. "Reason in Mystery." Philosophy, 25,15-39, Supp
Johnson, Bredo C. 1986. "Basic Theistic Belief." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 16
(September): 455-465.
Langtry, Bruce. 1989. "Properly Unargued Belief in God". International Journal for
Philosophy of Religion, 26: 129-54.
Malino, Jonathan. 1985. "Comments on Quinn". Faith and Philosophy, 2: 487-92.
McKim, Robert. 1989. "Theism and Proper Basicality." International Journal for the
Philosophy of Religion 26 (August): 29-56.

McLeod, Mark S. 1988. "Can Belief in God be Confirmed?" Religious Studies 24:
311-323.
Nakhnikian, George. 1996. "On Plantinga's 1967 and 1983 Parity Defenses" in Faith,
Freedom, and Rationality: Philosophy of Religion Today, Jordan, Jeff (ed) Rowman &
Littlefield, Lanham.
Pargetter, Robert. 1990. "Experience, Proper Basicality, and Belief in God."
International Journal for the Philosophy of Religion 27: 141-163.
Quinn, Philip. 1985. "In Search of the Foundations of Theism." Faith and Philosophy
2 (October): 469-486.
__________. 1991. "Epistemic Parity and Religious Argument." In Tomberlin (1991).
__________. 1995. "The Foundations of Theism Again: A Rejoinder to Plantinga." In
Rational Faith, ed. Linda Zagzebski, Notre Dame University Press, 14-47.
Robbins, J. Wesley. 1985. "Does Belief in God Need Proof?" Faith and Philosophy 2
(July): 272-286.
Robbins, J. Wesley. 1983. "Is Belief in God Properly Basic?". International Journal
for Philosophy of Religion, 14: 241-48.
Tilley, Terrence W. 1990. "Reformed Epistemology and Religious Fundamentalism:
How Basic Are Our Basic Beliefs?" Modern Theology 6 (April): 237-257.
Williams, Clifford. 1994. "Kierkegaardian Suspicion and Properly Basic Beliefs."
Religious Studies 30(3), 261-267.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas. 1983a. "Can Belief in God Be Rational If It Has No
Foundations?" In Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, ed. Alvin
Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame
Press.

4. Foundationalism, Evidentialism, and Rationality

Adams, Robert. 1993. "Truth and Subjectivity." In Reasoned Faith, ed. Eleonore
Stump. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 15-41.
Appleby, Peter, C. 1985. "Reformed Epistemology, Rationality, and Belief in God."
International Journal for the Philosophy of Religion 24 (November): 129-144.
Askew, Richard. 1988. "On Fideism and Alvin Plantinga." International Journal for
the Philosophy of Religion 23: 3-16.

Audi, Robert. 1986. "Direct Justification, Evidential Dependence, and Theistic

Belief." In Rationality, Religious Belief, and Moral Commitment: New Essays in the
Philosophy of Religion, Audi and Wainwright, eds. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,
1986.
__________. 1991. "Faith, Belief, and Rationality." In Tomberlin (1991).
__________. 1993. "The Dimensions Faith and the Demands of Reason." In
Reasoned Faith, ed. Eleonore Stump. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 70-89.
Basinger, David. 1988. "Hick's Religious Pluralism and Reformed Epistemology: A
Middle Ground? " Faith and Philosophy 4 (October): 421-432.
Barrett, D.C. 1988. "Faith and Rationality." Philosophy, 24,135-143, Supp
_________. 1986. "Discussion Article I: The Rationality of Belief in God: Some
Clarifications". New Scholasticism, 60: 163-85.
_________. 1991. "Plantinga, Pluralism and Justified Belief." Faith and Philosophy,
8: 67-80.
Beckwith, Francis J. 1991. "Hume's Evidential/Testimonial Epistemology, Probability,
and Miracles." Logos (USA) 12: 87-104.
Creel, Richard E . 1993. "Agatheism: A Justification of the Rationality of Devotion to
God." Faith and Philosophy. 10(1), 33-48, Ja.
Crumley, Jack S. 1989. The Appreciation Connection: Evidentialism and Indirect
Justification." Southwestern Philosophical Review (SWPHILREV), 5:97-105. JA.
Daniels, Charles. 1989. "Experiencing God." Philosophy and Phenomenological
Research.
Davis, Stephen T. 1997. "Theistic Proofs and Foundationalism." In Davis, God,
Reason, and Theistic Proofs. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
Delaney, C.F. (ed). 1979. Rationality and Religious Belief. Notre Dame, Notre Dame
University Press.
De Vries, Paul. 1989. "The Hermeneutics of Alvin Plantinga." Christian Scholar's
Review, June, pp. 363
____________. 1991. "Intellectual Humility and Courage: An Essential Epistemic
Tension." Christian Scholar's Review, December, pp. 179-?.
Echeverria, Edward J. 1987. "The Fate of Theism Revisited". Thomist, 51: 632-57.
___________. 1986. "Rationality and the Theory of Rationality". Christian Scholar's
Review 15: 372-87.

Edwards, Paul. 1966. "Is Fideistic Theology Irrefutable?". The Rationalist Annual.
Evans, C. Stephen and Merold Westphal, eds. 1993. Christian Perspectives on
Religious Knowledge. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Company.
_______. 1993. "Empiricism, Rationalism, and the Possibility of Historical Religious
Knowledge." In Christian Perspectives on Religious Knowledge, ed. C. Stephan
Evans and Merold Westphal. Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing Co., 134-160.
_______. 1994. "Evidentialist and Non-Evidentialist Accounts of Historical Religious
Knowledge." International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 35(3), 153-182, Je.
Ferreira, M. Jamie. 1984. "Universal Criteria and the Autonomy of Religious Belief".
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 15: 3-12.
Gale, Richard. 1994. "Swinburne's Argument from Religious Experience." In Reason
and the Christian Religion, ed. Alan Padgett. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 39-63.
Gowen, Julie. 1983. "Foundationalism and the Justification of Religious Belief".
Religious Studies, 19: 393-406.
Golding, Joshua L. 1991. "On the Rationality of Being Religious." Logos (USA) 12:
69-76.
Grover, Stephen. 1991. "Religious Experiences: Skepticism, Gullibility, or
Credibility?" Logos (USA) 12: 77-86.
Gutting, Gary. 1985. "The Catholic and the Calvinist: A Dialogue on Faith and
Reason." Faith and Philosophy 2 (July): 236-256.
_________. 1987. "A Dialogue on Wittgenstein Fideism." In Philosophy of Religion,
430-440. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth.
Hardy, Lee. 1981. "The Interpretations of Alvin Plantinga." Christian Scholar's
Review, December, pp. 163 ?.
Hatcher, Donald. 1986. "Plantinga and Reformed Epistemology: A Critique."
Philosophy and Theology 1 (Fall): 84-95.
_________. 1989. "Some Problems with Plantinga's Reformed Epistemology".
American Journal of Theology and Philosophy, 10: 21-31.
Hester, Marcus. 1990. "Foundationalism and Peter's Confession." Religious Studies.
403-413, S
Hobbs, Jesse. 1991. "Religious and Scientific Uses of Anecdotal Evidence." Logos
(USA) 12: 105-122.
Hughes, G.E. 1970. "Plantinga on the Rationality of God's Existence".
PhilosophicalReview, 79: 246-52.

Jacobson, Stephen. 1992. "Alston on Iterative Foundationalism and Cartesian

Epistemology." Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 22(1), 133-143, Mr.
Keller, James A. 1995. "Should Christian Theologians Become Christian
Philosophers? A Reply to William Hasker." Faith and Philosophy 12.2: 260-268.
Kennedy, Leonard A., ed. 1988. Thomist Papers, Vol. IV. Houston, TX: Center for
Thomistic Studies.
Kenny, Anthony. 1992. What is Faith? Essays in the Philosophy of Religion. New
York: Oxford University Press.
Kohl, Marvin. 1991-92. "Humanism and the Justification of Belief." Free Inquiry
12.1: 56-57.
Konyndyk, Kenneth. 1986. "Faith and Evidentialism". In Rationality, Religious
Belief, and Moral Commitment: New Essays in the Philosophy of Religion, ed. Robert
Audi and William Wainwright. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
_________. 1991. "Evidentialist Agnosticism". Religious Studies, 27.
Kretzmann, Norman. 1994. "Introduction." In Kretzman, The Metaphysics of Theism.
Clarendon Press.
_______________. 1992. "More Evidence Against Anti-Evidentialism." In Our
Knowledge of God: Essays on Natural and Philosophical Theology, ed. Kelly Clark.
Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers).
Kvanvig, Jonathan. 1990. "Theism, Reliabilism, and the Cognitive Ideal." In
Christian Theism and the Problems of Philosophy, ed. Michael Beaty. Notre Dame.
University of Notre Dame Press, 71-79.
Lints, Richard. 1989. "Irresistibility, Epistemic Warrant, and Religious Belief."
Religious Studies 25.4: 425-433.
Mackie, J.L. 1982. The Miracle of Theism. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Martin, Michael. 1990. "Faith and Foundationalism". In Atheism: A Philosophical
Justification. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Mavrodes, George I. 1983. "Jerusalem and Athens Revisited". In Faith and
Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, ed. Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff.
Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
Meynell, Hugo. 1993. "Faith, Foundationalism, and Nicholas Wolterstorff." In
Rational Faith: Catholic Responses to Reformed Epistemology, ed. Linda Zagzebski.
Notre Dame, IN.: University of Notre Dame Press.
MacDonold, Scott. 1993. "Christian Faith." In Reasoned Faith, ed. Eleonore Stump.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 42-69.

Nash, Ronald H. 1988. Faith and Reason: Searching for a Rational Faith. Grand
Rapids Academie Books.
Neilsen, Kai. 1985. "God and Coherence: On the Epistemological Foundations of
Religious Belief." In Knowing Religiously, ed. Leroy Rouner. Notre Dame, Ind.:
University of Notre Dame Press. 1985.
___________. 1988. "Belief, Unbelief, and the Parity of Argument." Sophia 27
(October): 2-12.
Otte, Richard. 1987. "A Theistic Conception of Probability." Faith and Philosophy
4.4: 427-447.
Pinnock, Clark. 1971. Set Forth Your Case. Chicago: Moody Press.
_______. 1980. Reason Enough. Illinois: InterVarsity Press.
_______. 1981. "Response by Clark Pinnock". The Reformed Journal, 31: 25-26.
Ross, James. 1988. "Eschatological Pragmatism." In Philosophy and the Christian
Faith, ed. Thomis Morris. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 279-300.
Runzo, Joseph. 1989. "World-Views and the Epistemic Foundations of Theism".
Religious Studies, 25: 31-51.
Russman, Thomas. 1988. "Reformed Epistemology." In Kennedy (1988), 185-205.
Sennett, James F . 1991. "Reformed Epistemology and Epistemic Duty." Logos
(USA), 12, 123-137.
Sessions, William Lad. 1991. "Plantinga's Box". Faith and Philosophy, 8: 51-66.
Shalkowski, Scott A. 1992. "Evidentialism and Theology: A Reply to Kaufman."
Faith and Philosophy 9.2: 249-258.
Sudduth, Michael Czapkay. 1995. "Alstonian Foundationalism and Higher-Level
Theistic Evidentialism." The International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 37:2544.
Swinburne, Richard. 1981. Faith and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Timmons, Brent. 1997. "More Evidence Against Anti-Evidentialism." Dialogue
(April) 39.
Tomberlin, James E. 1970. "Is Belief in God Justified?" Journal of Philosophy, 67:
531-38.
Tomberlin, James E., and Peter van Inwagen, eds. 1985. Alvin Plantinga (Profiles,
Vol. 5). Dordrecht: D. Reidel.

Van Hook, Jay M. 1981. "Knowledge, Belief, and Reformed Epistemology." The
Reformed Journal 31 (July): 12-15.
Wainwright, William. 1994. "The Nature of Reason: Locke, Swinburne, and
Edwards." In Reason and the Christian Religion, ed. Alan Padgett. Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 91-118.
Weiler, Gershon. 1962. "How Rational is Religious Belief?" Philosophical Quarterly
12: 172-177.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas.. 1981. Is Reason Enough?" The Reformed Journal 31.
_____. 1983. "Thomas Reid and Rationality". In Rationality in the Calvinian
Tradition, ed. Hendrik Hart, Johan Van der Hoeven, and Nicholas Wolterstorff.
Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
_____. 1984. Reason Within the Bounds of Religion, 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, MI:
Eerdmans.
_____. 1988. "Once Again Evidentialism--This Time, Social". Philosophical Topics,
16: 53-74.
_____. 19**. "What Reformed Epistemology is Not." The Reformed Journal

Wykstra, Stephen. 1989. "Toward a Sensible Evidentialism: On the Notion 'Needing

Evidence'". In Philosophy of Religion, ed. William Rowe and William Wainwright.
New York: Hartcourt Brace Jovanovich.
______. 1990. "Reasons, Redemption, and Realism: The Axiological Roots of
Rationality in Science and Religion." In Christian Theism and the Problems of
Philosophy, ed. Michael Beaty. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
Zeis, John. 1990. A Critique of Plantinga's Theological Foundationalism."
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 28 (December): 173-189.

5. Plantinga's Externalist "Warrant" Epistemology

Bergmann, Michael. 1997. "Internalism, Externalism, and the No-Defeater

Condition." Synthese 110.3: 399-417.
Fales, Evan. 1996. "Plantinga's Case Against Naturalistic Epistemology ." Phil Sci,
63(3), 432-451, (spring)
Feldman, Richard. 1996. "Plantinga, Gettier, and Warrant." In Kvanvig (1996)

Foley, Richard. 1996. "Knowledge Is Accurate and Comprehensive Enough True

Belief." In Kvanvig (1996)
Greene, Richard; Balmert, N.A. 1997. "Two Notions of Warrant and Plantinga's
Solution to the Gettier Problem." Analysis. 57(2), 132-139. (April)
Hasker, William. 1993. "Proper Function, Reliabilism, and Religious Knowledge: A
Critique of Plantinga's Epistemology." In Christian Perspectives on Religious
Knowledge, ed. C. Stephen Evans and Merold Westphal. Grand Rapids, MI.:
Eerdmans Publishing Company.
Klein, Peter. 1996. "Warrant, Proper Function, Reliabilism, and Defeasibility." In
Kvanvig (1996)
Kvanvig, Jonathan L, ed. 1996. Warrant in Contemporary Epistemology: Essays in
Honor of Alvin Plantinga. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
Kvanvig, Jonathan L. 1996. "Plantinga's Proper Function Account of Warrant." In
Kvanvig (1996)
Lee, Patrick. 1995. "Evidentialism, Plantinga, and Faith and Reason." In Rational
Faith, ed. Zagzebski. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1995, 140-167.
Lehrer, Keith. 1996. "Proper Function versus Systematic Coherence." In Kvanvig
(1996)
Bonjour, Laurence. 1996. "Plantinga on Knowledge and Proper Function." In Kvanvig
(1996)
Levin, Michael. 1997. "Plantinga on Functions and the Theory of Evolution." Austl J
Phil, 75(1), 83-98, (march)
Lycan, William . 1996. "Plantinga and Coherentism." In Kvanvig (1996).
Pappas, George. 1996. "Experts, Knowledge, and Perception." In Kvanvig (1996)
Markie, Peter. 1996. "Degrees of Warrant." In Kvanvig (1996)
Meeker, Kevin. 1998. "Chisholming Away at Plantinga's Critique of Epistemic
Deontology." Austl J Phil, 76(1), 90-96.
Meeker, Kevin. 1997. "Should We Abandon Epistemic Justification?" SW
Philosophical Review 13.1: 129-136.
Merricks, Trenton. 1997. "More on Warrant's Entailing Truth." Philosophy and
Phenomenological Research 57.3: 627-631.
Nathan, N M L. 1997. " Naturalism and Self-Defeat: Plantinga's Version." Religious
Studies 33.2: 135-142.

Odegard, Douglas. 1992. "Warrant and Responsibility." American Philosophical

Quarterly 29.3: 253-265.
Ryan, Sharon. 1996. "Does Warrant entail Truth?" Philosophy and Phenomenological
Research 56.1: 183-192.
Sober, Elliott; Fitelson, Branden. 1998. "Plantinga's Probability Arguments against
Evolutionary Naturalism." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 79(2), 115-129. (June)
Sosa, Ernest. 1996. "Plantinga on Epistemic Internalism." In Kvanvig (1996)
___________. 1996. "Proper Functionalism and Virtue Epistemology." In Kvanvig
(1996)
___________. 1996. "Postscript to 'Proper Functionalism and Virtue Epistemology.'"
In Kvanvig (1996)
Steup, Matthias. 1993. "Proper Functioning and Warrant after Seven Vodka Martinis."
Philosophical Studies 72.1: 89-109.
Sudduth, Michael Czapkay. 1999. "The Internalist Character and Evidential
Significance of Plantingian Defeaters" International Journal for the Philosophy of
Religion,
___________. 1999. "Can Religious Unbelief be Proper Function Rational?" Faith
and Philosophy ? (July):
Swain, Marshall. 1996. "Warrant versus Indefeasible Justification." In Kvanvig (1996)
Taylor, James E. 1991. "Plantinga's Proper Functioning Analysis of Epistemic
Warrant." Philosophical Studies, 64(2), 185-202, N.
Todd, D D. 1996. "Plantinga and the Naturalized Epistemology of Thomas Reid."
Dialogue (Canada), 35(1), 93-107, Winter
Vassallo, Nicla. 1995. "Warrant "e" Proper Function: "alcune osservazioni sulla teoria
di Plantinga." Epistemologia, 18(2), 341-352, Jl-D
Zagzebski, Linda. 1995. "Religious Knowledge and Virtues of the Mind." In Rational
Faith, ed. Zagzebski. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1995, 199-225.
Zeis, John. 1995. "Warrant and Form: the Recovery of Form," Proceedings of the
American Catholic Philosophical Association, 1995, pp. 157-169.
Zeis, John. 1998. "Plantinga's Theory of Warrant: Religious Beliefs and Higher Level
Epistemic Judgments." American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 72.1: 23-38.

6. Alston's Religious Experience Epistemology

Adams, Robert. 1994. "Religious Disagreements and Doxastic Practices," Philosophy

and Phenomenological Research 4: 885-890.
Audi, Robert. 1995a. "Perceptual Experience, Doxastic Practice, and the Rationality
of Religious Commitment." Journal of Philosophical Research. 20:1-18.
_____. 1995b. "Religious Experience and the Practice Conception of Justification." In
The Rationality of Belief and the Plurality of Faith, ed. Thomas Senor. Ithaca: Cornell
University Press.
Brown, Michael. 1991. "Skepticism, Religious Belief, and the Extent of Doxastic
Reliability." Logos (USA) 12: 139-151.
Gale, Richard. 1994. "Why Alston's Mystical Doxastic Practice is Subjective,"
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 4: 869-875.
Gale, Richard. 1994. "The Overall Argument of Alston's "Perceiving God"." Religious
Studies 30.2: 135-149.
Hasker, William. 1995. "The Epistmic Value of Religious Experience: Perception and
Explanatory Models." In The Rationality of Belief and the Plurality of Faith, ed.
Thomas Senor. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Kretzmann, Norman. 1995. "St Teresa, William Alston, and the Broadminded
Atheist." Journal of Philosophical Research, 20, 45-66.
Meeker, Kevin. 1994. "William Alston's Epistemology of Religious Experience: A
Reformed' Reformed Epistemology?" International Journal for Philosophy of
Religion. 35.2: 89-110, Ap.
Lesher, James H. 1975. "Genetic Explanations of Religious Belief." Philosophical
Studies 27: 317-328.
Pappas George. 1994. "Perception and Mystical Experience," Philosophy and
Phenomenological Research, 4 (December), pp. 877-883.
Pasnau, Robert. 1993. "Justified Until Proven Guilty: Alston's New Epistemology."
Philosophical Studies, 72(1), 1-33, O.
Phillips, Stephen H. 1988. "Mysticism and Metaphor." International Journal for the
Philosophy of Religion 23: 17-41.
Quinn, Philip L. 1995. "Towards Thinner Theologies: Hick and Alston on Religious
Diversity." International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 38(1-3), 145-164, D
Runzo, Joseph. 1995. "Perceiving God, Worldviews, and Faith: Meeting the Problem
of Religious Pluralism." In The Rationality of Belief and the Plurality of Faith, ed.
Thomas Senor. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Schellenberg, J L. 1994. "Religious Experience and the Religious Diversity: A Reply

to Alston." Religious Studies, 30(2), 151-159, Je
Steup, Matthias. 1997. "Perceiving God: The Epistemology of Religious Experience"
Nous (Spring), pp. 402-420.
Van Woudenberg, Rene. 1994. "Alston on Direct Perception and Interpretation."
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. 36(2), 117-124, O
White, David A. 1996. Can Alston Withstand the Gale?" International Journal for
Philosophy of Religion. 39(3), 141-149, Je
Zeis, John. 1994. "Truth-Warranted Manifestation Beliefs." Faith and Philosophy
11(3), 436-451, Jl.

7. Reformed Epistemology in Relation to John Calvin and the Reformed

Theological Tradition

Beversluis, John. 1995. "Reforming the Reformed 'Objection' to Natural

Theology." Faith and Philosophy 12 (April): 12: 189-206.
Clark, Kelly. 1998. "Plantinga vs. Oliphant: And the Winner Is. . ." Calvin
Theological Journal 33: 160-169.
Dowey, Edward. 1952. The Knowledge of God in Calvin's Theology. New
York: Columbia University Press.
Jeffreys, Derek. 1997. "How 'Reformed' is Reformed Epistemology? Alvin
Plantinga and Calvin's 'Sensus Divinitatis'" Religious Studies 33: 419-431.
Tomberlin, James. 1991. Plantinga.
Helm, Paul. 1997. "John Calvin's Sensus Divinitatis" In Helm, Faith and
Understanding. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
_________. 1998. "John Calvin, the Sensus Divinitatis, and the Noetic Effects
of Sin." International Journal for the Philosophy of Religion 43: 87-107.
Hoitenga, Dewey. "Plantinga." In Faith and Reason From Plato to Plantinga:
An Introduction to Reformed Epistemology, ed. Hoitenga. New York: State
University Press of New York.
Oliphint, Scott. 1996. "Plantinga." Westminster Theological Journal 57: 81102.

Reiter, David. 1996. "Calvin's Sense of Divinity and Externalist Knowledge of

God." Faith and Philosophy
Sudduth, Michael Czapkay. 1998. "Calvin, Plantinga, and the Natural
Knowledge of God: A Response to Beversluis." Faith and Philosophy 15
(January): 92-103.
Vos, Arvin. 1985. Aquinas, Calvin, and Contemporary Protestant Thought: A
Critique of Protestant Views on the Thought of Thomas Aquinas. Grand
Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas. 1967. "Calvin, John". In Encyclopedia of Philosophy,
ed. Paul Edwards. New York: Macmilliam.

8. Reformed Epistemology, Natural Theology, and Apologetics

Boyle, Joseph J. Hubbard and Thomas Sullivan. 1982. "The Reformed Objection to
Natural Theology: A Catholic Perspective". Christian Scholar's Review, 11: 199-211.
Brown, H. 1991. "Alvin Plantinga and Natural Theology". International Journal for
Philosophy of Religion, 30: 1-19.
Evans, C. Stephan. 1990. "Apologetics in a New Key: Reviving Protestant Anxieties
over Natural Theology." In The Logic of Rational Theism: Exploratory Essays, ed.
Mark McLeod and William Lane Craig. Lewiston, N.Y.: E. Mellen Press.
Feenstra, Ronald J. 1988. "Natural Theology, Epistemic Parity, and Unbelief."
Modern Theology 5 (October): 1-12.
Garcia, Laura. 1993. "Natural Theology and the Reformed Objection" in Christian
Perspectives in Religious Knowledge, ed. Evans and Westphal. MI.: Eerdmans
Publishing Co.,
Greco, John. 1995. "Is Natural Theology Necessary for Theistic Knowledge?" in
Rational Faith, ed. Linda Zagzebski. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press,
168-198.
Griffiths, Paul J. 1988. "An Apology for Apologetics". Faith and Philosophy, 5: 399420.
Leftow, Brian. 1995. "Can Philosophy Argue God's Existence?" In The Rationality of
Belief and the Plurality of Faith, ed. Thomas Senor. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Sudduth, Michael Czapkay. 1994. "Bi-Level Evidentialism and Reformed
Apologetics". Faith and Philosophy 11.3: 379-96.

Sudduth, Michael Czapkay. 1996. "The Prospects for 'Mediate' Natural Theology in
John Calvin." Religious Studies 31, 53-68.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas. 1986. "The Migration of the Theistic Arguments: From
Natural Theology to Evidentialist Apologetics". In Rationality, Religious Belief, and
Moral Commitment: New Essays in the Philosophy of Religion, ed. Robert Audi and
William J. Wainwright. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
________. 1992. "Is Reason Enough?". In Contemporary Perspectives on Religious
Epistemology, ed. Douglas R. Geivett and Brendan Sweetman. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Wynn, Mark. 1999. "Natural Theology in an Ecological Mode." Faith and Philosophy
16.1: 27-42.
Zeis, John. 1995. "Natural Theology: Reformed?" in Rational Faith, Linda Zagzebski.
Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 48-78.

9. Reviews

Abraham, William. 1991. "Review of George Mavrodes, Revelation in

Religious Belief," Faith and Philosophy 8.2: 254-256.
Baber, H.E. 1986. Review of Alvin Plantinga, ed. James E. Tomberlin and
Peter van Inwagen. International Philosophical Quarterly, 26: 301-303.
Frame, John. 1987. "The New Reformed Epistemology." In The Doctrine of
the Knowledge of God: A Theology of Lordship. Phillipsburg, NJ, P&R., pp.
382-400.
Gutting, Gary. 1987. "Review of Nicholas Wolterstorff, Reason Within the
Bounds of Religion, 2nd Edition," Faith and Philosophy 4.2: 225-228.
Kvanvig, Jonathan. 1994. "Review of William Alston, Perceiving God," Faith
and Philosophy 11.2: 311-321.
McLeod, Mar. 1994. "Review of James Sennett, Modality, Probability, and
Rationality," Faith and Philosophy 11.2: 339-342.
Reiter, David. 1998. "Review of Nicholas Wolterstorff, Divine Discourse,"
Faith and Philosophy 15.1: 109-112.
Sennett, James. 1994. "Review of Dewey Hoitenga, Jr., Faith and Reason
from Plato to Plantinga," Faith and Philosophy 11.2: 342-348.

Swinburne, Richard. 1985. Review of Faith and Rationality: Reason and

Belief in God, ed. Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff. Journal of
Philosophy, 82: 46-53.
___________. 1993. "Warrant".
Tomberlin, James. 1986. Review of Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief
in God, ed. Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff. Nous, 20: 401-13.
Vos, Arvin. 1986. Review of Rationality in the Calvinian Tradition, ed.
Hendrik Hart, Johan Van der Hoeven, and Nicholas Wolterstorff. Faith and
Philosophy, 3: 324-28.
Wierenga, Edward. 1988. "Review of Alvin Plantinga (Profiles, Vol. 5), ed.
James Tomberlin and Peter van Inwagen," Faith and Philosophy 5.2: 214-219.
Wykstra, Stephen. 1986. "Review of Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief
in God," ed. Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff. Faith and Philosophy
3: 206-13.

10. *Books on Reformed Epistemology

*These books are either wholly or partly devoted to discussing Reformed

Epistemology.
Plantinga, Alvin and Nicholas Wolterstorff, eds. 1983. Rationality and Belief in God.
Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame Press.
Woltstorff, Nicholas; Hart, Hendrik; Van Der Hoeven, Johan, eds. 1983. Rationality
in the Calvinian Tradition. Lanham, MD.: University Press of America.
Clark, Kelly. 1990. Return to Reason. Grand Rapids, MI.: Eerdmans Publishing.
Kenny, Anthony. 1992. What is Faith? Essays in the Philosophy of Religion. New
York: Oxford University Press.
McLeod, Mark. 1993. Rationality and Theistic Belief: An Essay on Reformed
Epistemology. Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
Nash, Ronald H. 1988. Faith and Reason: Searching for a Rational Faith. Grand
Rapids Academie Books.
Hoitenga, Dewey. 1991. Faith and Reason from Plato to Plantinga: An Introduction
to Reformed Epistemology. New York: State University of New York Press.

Sennett, James. 1992. Modality, Rationality, and Probability: A Critical Examination

of Alvin Plantinga's Philosophy. New York, Peter Lang.
Sennett, James, ed. 1998. The Analytic Theist: Alvin Plantinga. Eerdmans Publishing
Company.
Evans, C. Stephen. 1996. The Historical Christ and the Jesus of Faith: The
Incarnational Narrative as History. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Geivett, Douglas R. and Sweetman, Brendan, eds. 1992. Contemporary Perspectives
on Religious Epistemology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zagzebski, Linda, ed. 1995. Rational Faith: Catholic Responses to Reformed
Epistemology. University of Notre Dame Press.
Kvanvig, Jonathan L. 1996. Warrant in Contemporary Epistemology: Essays in
Honor of Alvin Plantinga. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.