Chemistry

Chemistry
ATOMIC STRUCTURE

The structure of atom was discovered by

Niels Bohr

The smallest unit of matter that

have all the characteristics of an
element

Atoms

Nucleus was discovered by

Rutherford

What is the maximum number

of electrons that can be accommodated in an orbital?

Louis De Broglie

Neutron was discovered by

J Chadwick

Which atom has only one electron?

The path of the electron according to Niels Bohrs theory was

JOHN DALTON
John Dalton was born in a
weavers family in England. He
began his career as a teacher at
the age of twelve. After seven
years he became principal. In
1808 he stated his atomic theory
of matter. According to his
theory all matter is made up
of very tiny particles, which
cannot be further broken
down. He called this tiny particles as atoms. All the atoms
of the same element behave in
the same way.

Electron is looked upon as a

cloud of negative charge according to

Wave - mechanics theory

The region of space around the

nucleus where there is a high
probability of finding an electron is called

Who discovered electrons?

J. J. Thomson

What are the neutrons and

protons in an atom collectively
known as?
Nucleons

The scientist who introduced

the model of the atom similar
to the solar system?

Orbit (Shell)

The number of electrons in oxygen atom is

Hydrogen

The wave nature of electron

was suggested by whom?

Rutherford

What are isotopes?

Atoms having same atomic

number but different mass
number.

Father of Periodic Table

Orbital

Who put forward the principle

of uncertainty?

Werner Heisenberg

What do you mean by Avagadros number?

Number of particles in one

mole of any substance

DMITRI IVANOVICH
MENDELEEV

Chemistry

What are isobars?

Atoms having same mass

number but different atomic
number

What are isotones?

of neutrons.

PERIODIC
CLASSIFICATION

The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are

called

Modern periodic table was developed by

The vertical columns of the periodic table are called

Which group contains the elements with largest atomic size?

As the size of the atom increases
the electronegativity

SYMBOLS OF SOME
COMMON ELEMENTS
Natrium
Cuprum
Ferrum
Kalium
Argentum
Aurum
Stannum
Plumbum

Electronegativity

- Na
- Cu
- Fe
-K
- Ag
- Au
- Sn
- Pb

How many groups are there in

the modern periodic table?
A solution which turns red litmus to blue is called
The elements which show the
properties of both metals and
non metals are called

The elements of the s-block and pblock are together referred to as

Representative elements

Where are the smallest atoms

seen at the modern periodic
table?

ELEMENTS

The different blocks of the Long

form periodic table are

Where are the Largest atoms

seen at the periodic table?

Bottom left

Most electropositive elements

Francium or Caesium

The element which shows highest electron affinity

Chlorine (348)

The most common element in

the atmosphere

Nitrogen

The natural element having

highest atomic weight

Uranium

The heaviest gaseous element

Radon

Most stable element

Lead

The element which is used to coat

the photo copying drum of xerox

Selenium

s, p, d and f

Which is the first artificial element?

Technetium

Right hand top

The scientist who prepared the

electronegativity scale

Linus Pauling

Which period having the minimum number of elements

First period

Decreases

Sodium Copper Iron

PotassiumSilver
Gold
Tin
Led
-

Alkali metals

Metalloids

First group

The relative tendency of the atoms to attract electrons in

chemical reactions is called

Alkaline

Groups

The first group elements are

called

Eighteen

Henry Moseley

Which is the smallest atom?

Hydrogen

Valence electrons

Periods

Lothar Meyer

The electrons present in the

outmost shell of an atom is
called

Atomic weight

Valence shell.

What was the basis for

Mendeleev classification of elements?

Which period have the largest

number of elements in the periodic table?

The sixth period

Who studied the relationship

between atomic volume and
atomic weight?

The outermost orbit of an

atom is called

What is the basis for modern

classification of the elements?

Atomic number

Transition metals

Atoms having equal number

What kind of elements generally form coloured compounds?

The element present in Thyroid

hormone

Iodine

The element present in DNA

and RNA

Phosphorus

Chemistry

The element having the highest boiling point

Iodine

Rhenium

The element having the largest

number of isotopes

Element having highest reactivity

Fluorine

Element used as bleaching

agent

Most abundant element in the

earth crust

Oxygen

The most abundant metal in the

earths crust ?

Element having the highest

electronegativity

Fluorine

The most abundant element in

the universe

Sulphur

Copper and Iron

Which element can easily form

chains?

Name the element kept by covering with paraffin

Element used in the manufacture of insecticides

Chlorine

Iodine

Electro positive elements:

An atom that loses one or
more electrons

Which element was named

inflammable air?

Hydrogen

King of metal is

Gold
The metal of future

Titanium

The metal found in the rocks of

moon /Lunar metal is

Titanium

Metal used for the manufacture

of aeroplane

Titanium

Metal present in the exhaust

gases of vehicles

Lead

Which element is highly

present in sea cucumber?

Vanadium

The first metal to be used by man

Copper

Which is the most essential element for plant growth?

Nitrogen

Electro negative elements:

An atom that gains one or
more electrons

Which element is used in medicine, photography and making

dyes, gives off a violet vapour
when heated?

Noble metals

Silver, Platinum, Gold

Iodine

The hardest metal is

Chromium

The lightest metal is

Most abundant metal present in

blood

Potassium

Hydrogen

Which element is used as an

antiseptic?

Major metals present in Chloroplast

Magnesium, Manganese,

Hydrogen

Lithium

Which element on adding to

natural rubber makes it less
sticky in hot weather and less
hard in cold weather?

Metals extracted from sea water

Magnesium and sodium

The lightest element known is

Lithium

Carbon

The main ores of Aluminium

Bauxite and Cryolite

Which element in radioactive

form is used for determining
the age of artifacts, relics, bones
etc of the past?

Which is the best conductor of

electric current?

Silver

Which element has no neutrons

in it?

Hydrogen

Most abundant element present

in our body

Carbon

Aluminium

Oxygen

Chlorine

METALS AND MINERALS

The element which is the enemy of copper

Sulphur

Tin (10 isotopes)

The element contained in sea

weeds

An important metal present in

the eyes of animals

Zinc

Metal used in batteries of car

Lead

Metal present in Insulin

Zinc

Chemistry

Metal used in torch cell

What is the purest form of iron?

The elements which undergo

chemical change losing electrons are in generally called

Wrought Iron

Metals

Zinc

Which mineral has the nickname fools gold?

Iron pyrites

The earthy impurities present

in the ore are called

Which metal remains in liquid

state at 0C?

Ruby is mainly the oxide of

Aluminium

Iron

Tungston

The fusible substance obtained

when flux combines with the
gangue is known as

Lithium, Sodium, Potassium

Name three metals which are

in the liquid state on a hot day

Write the names of three metals which do not react with

oxygen:

Silver, Platinum, Gold

Which are the two metals kept

in kerosene?

Osmium
causes

Lithium

ALLOYS

Alloy used in the manufacture

of pendulum of clock

Invar
Constituent metals contained in
Invar

Iron and Nickel

Which alloy is used for preparing strong magnets

Alnico
Name the alloy used for casting engine parts?

Silumin
Alloy used for the construction
of air craft

Duralumin

Alloy having low melting point

Solder

What is galvanising

Coating iron with Zinc

Bronze is an alloy of

Tin and copper

Iron and Chromium

Which metal is used in the filaments of electric lamps?

Tungsten

Constituent metals contained in

chrome steel

Bronze

Gold

Which alkali metal is denser

than water?

Gun metal

Magnesium

Bismuth Aurite is the mineral of

Mercury

Alloy used in the manufacture

of gun barrels

Which metal is contained in

chlorophyll?

Which metal has the highest

density?

Which
chemical
Minamata disease?

Copper and silver

Which is the first alloy, a mixture of two metals to be made

in the world?

Sodium, Potassium

Mercury, Gallium, Cesium

Constituent metals contained in

the alloy sterling silver

Which metal is added to gold

for making ornaments?

Copper

Write the name of three soft

metals:

Phospher Bronze

What is a metallic radical

present in toilet soap?

Potassium

Slag

Which is the black impure aluminium oxide mineral found in

nature?

Which metal is essential for the

production of haemoglobin?

The metal having highest boiling point

Alloy used to make springs and

suspension

Emery

Mercury

Manganese

Lapislazuli

Gangue

What is the blue mineral of aluminium?

Alloy used to make rock driller

What do you mean by calcination?

Heating in the absence

of air

Chemistry

Alloy used for making superstructures of steamers

Which alloy of aluminium is

used for making coins?

Aluminium bronze

What is alloyed with copper to

make bronze, and with lead to
make pewter?

What is common salt?

Chemical reaction in which

heat is evolved

The components of Magnalium

are

Chemical reaction in which

heat is absorbed

Which kind of steel is used for

making blade?

What are the components of

solder?

tin and lead

The heating element of an electric heater is made of

COMPOUNDS
Photographic films are coated
with

Artificial rain is done by using

Silver iodide

Compound which has the smell

of rotten fish

Sodium hydroxide

Gypsum

Which calcium compound is

used to remove ice from roads
in cold countries?
Which metal salt gives lilac
colour to the flame?
Which compound of sodium is
used to separate soap from glycerine?

Coral reefs are made of

Lime is calcium oxide, Lime-

Benzyl chloride

What is Quick lime?

Phosphine

Compound used in tear gas

Compound used as airpurifier
in submarines

Sodium peroxide

Milk of lime or slaked lime

What is caustic soda?

What is the difference between

lime and limestone?

stone is calcium carbonate

The suspension of calcium hydroxide in water is called

Name the calcium compound
which is used as filler in paper
industry

Sodium chloride

Calcium carbonate

and slaked lime is calcium

hydroxide

When sodium burns, what is the

colour of the flame?

Golden yellow

Which sodium compound is

used in fire extinguisher?

Sodium bicarbonate

Which is the smallest atom

among the halogens?

Fluorine

The iodine compound used for

dressing of wounds?

Iodoform (CHl3)

What is the difference between

quick lime and slaked lime?

Quick lime is calcium oxide

Which calcium compound is

used to make toothpaste?

Calcium carbonate

Potassium

What is obtained when gypsum

is heated to 125C?

Plaster of paris

Calcium chloride

Silver Bromide

Calcium oxide

The scales formed inside the

boilers are chemically

Calcium carbonate

What is the main constituent of

bones?

Calcium phosphate

Endothermic reaction

Nichrome

Exothermic reaction

High carbon steel

hydroxide (Quicklime and

caustic soda)

Sodium chloride

Magnesium, Aluminium

Which chemical compound

may be used as a fuel for driving vehicles?

Soda lime is a mixture of

Calciumoxide and Sodium

Ethanol

Tin

Water

Magnalium

Which is considered to be an
anomalous compound?

What is the commercial name

of sodium nitrate?

Chile salt petre

Name a substance which is used

as mordant

Alum

Chemistry

What is the chemical name of

Emerald?

Sodium bicarbonate

Beryllium aluminium sillicate

Which is the artificial form of

aluminium oxide used for making refractory crucibles?

Which form of aluminium

oxide is hard as diamond?

Corundum

What is the colour of copper

sulphate?

Blue

Which chemical is used in a refrigerator for cooling purposes?

What is the chemical name for

blue vitriol?

What is the chemical name of

calamine?

Which chemical is used by

weavers for moisturing thread?

Anhydrous calcium chloride

The whitest compound in the

earths atmosphere is
The compound known as Nitre is
Which compound is known as
Pearl Ash

Potassium carbonate (K2CO2)

Which gas is used for killing

bacteria?

Chlorine
Proteins are assembled from
which acid?

Amino acid

Oranges contains which acid?

Citric acid

What is the another name for

monocarboxylic acid?

Fatty acid

Where is formic acid found?

Ants and nettles

Most abundant alkali metal is

Potassium nitrate

What is called vinegar?

3-7% solution of acetic acid

Titanium dioxide

Zinc carbonate

Which substance is used for dry

cleaning?

Which chemical is used for preserving fruit juice in India?

Soda water contains which acid?

Carbonic Acid

Sodium hypochlorite

Sodium (Na)

Copper sulphate

What is the chemical name for

Galena?

What is hydroxy propionic acid

called

Lactic Acid

Coffee stains on clothing, paper, plastic etc can be properly

removed by

Sodium Benzoate

Freon

Lead sulphite

Which salt is used in making

ink?

Ferrous sulphate

What is the chemical name for

saltpetre?

Trichloro ethane

What is the chemical name for

marble?

Calcium carbonate

Which chemical is used for rat

poison?

Zinc phosphide

What is P.V.C.?

The acid used as a mild antiseptic eye lotion?

Boric Acid

Potassium Nitrate

The copper compound used for

preserving timber and hides is

Copper sulphate

Poly Vinyl Chloride

basic copper acetate

What is the name for the greenblue coating that forms naturally on copper, bronze and
brass?

The densest known gas

Radon

Verdigris

What is the chemical name of

verdigris?

Basic copper carbonate or

What is an Epsom salt?

Magnesium sulphate

Alundum

ACIDS AND GASES

What is the chemical name of

baking soda?

The chemical name of washing

soda is

NOBLE GASES
Helium, Neon, Argon,
Krypton, Xenon, and Radon
are Noble gases. They are
called Inert Gases as they
do not enter into chemical
reactions and also called
Rare gases as they are
present in very small
quantities in the air

Sodium carbonate

Chemistry

Bases are substance

which neutralise acids.

Which is the solvent of wax?

CORROSION

Turpentine

Eg : CaO, MgO, CuO etc.

The process of damage of

metals by the action of any
medium from its surroundings is called Corrosion of
metals

Which gas turns lime water

milky?

Carbondioxide

Soluble bases are

called alkalies
Eg : NaOH, KOH

Which gas is filled in electric

bulbs?

Argon

Which gas is commonly used

in balloons and airships?
Which acid is contained in
Tomato sauce?

Acetic acid

Which gas protects us from the

ultra - violet rays?

Ozone

Gold and platinum dissolve in

Aqua regia

Which is the solvent for white

phosphorus?

Carbon disulphide

Which polysaccharide of glucose is stored in liver?

What is laughing gas?

Nitrous oxide

What is meant by aqua regia?

Mixture of concentrated nitric acid and hydrochloric

acid in the ratio 1:3

Which gas is used for extinguishing fire?

Irritation from the bite of some

insects and the stinging sensation of nettles is caused by

Carbondioxide

Formic acid

What is the name of the dye

which turns red on contact with
acid and blue with alkali?

What do you mean by LSD?

What is the pH factor of pure
water?

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

An organic compound must

contain

Carbon

Maleic acid

Acetyl salicylic acid

Which gas is used for artificial

ripening of green fruits?

Acetylene (ethyne)

Some unripe fruits, like green

apples, plums etc contain which
acid?
What is the chemical name of
aspirin?

Which is the main constituent

of LPG?

Butane

Gas formed when yeast is added

to rice flour for fermenting is
Which is the purest form of water?

Gas mainly responsible for the

green house effect

CO 2

Rain water

Which gas is essential for combustion?

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Glycogen

Stains of ink or rust from iron

on clothes, tables and sheets can
be best removed by

Oxalic acid

Lysergic acid diethylamide

What is an Acid - base indicator?

Methyl orange

Litmus

Liquor ammonia

Which acid is found in lemon fruit?

Citric Acid

Gas contained in Gobar gas

The solution of ammonia gas
at high pressure is

Which acid is commonly used

in batteries for cars?

What is oil of vitriol?

Sulphuric acid

Sulphuric acid

Methane

Which gas is used in the multi coloured display signs seen at

night?

Neon

Helium

Which is known as the king of

chemicals?
Sulphuric acid
What is the other name of solid
carbon dioxide?
Dry Ice

Marsh gas is

Methane
Which compound is formed
when sugar solution is fermented?

Ethanol

Chemistry

Name the solution used to detect the presence of glucose:

Benedict solution

Give an example of polysaccharide

Cellulose

Which is the chemical bond

found in organic compounds?

Covalent bond

Which is the enzyme that converts the starch in our food into
glucose?

Amylase

Who discovered the pesticide

property of DDT?

What is obtained when an acid

reacts with an alcohol?

What is another name of Methyl alcohol or methanol?

What is another name of Alkenes?

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with

triple bond

What is the end product of hydrolysis of protein?

Vinegar is chemically

Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

Hydrocarbon with double

bond is

Alkenes

What is the commercial name

of acetylene tetrachloride?

carbon

Westrol

The organic compounds having

the functional group COOH are
called

Carboxylic acids

Carbohydrate which human

beings cannot digest

Cellulose

Which organic compound have

the functional group OH?

Alcohol

FUELS

pH VALUES

The pH scale was

introduced by
Sorrenson.

Acidic solution have pH

less than 7 and basic
solution have pH
greater than 7

The substances which burn and

supply energy are called

Fuels

Which is the main constituent

of natural gas?

Methane

pH value generally
starts from 0 and ends at
14.
Neutral solution have
pH 7.

Lead pencils are made of

Graphite - an allotrope of

Amino acids

The measure of the

acidic or basic character
of a liquid or solution is
the pH value.

The hard, plastic covers of telephones are made of polymers

Phenol - formaldehyde

Paul Herman Muler

The sugar contained in honey

is

Fructose

Alkynes

Milk protein is known as

Caesin

Olefins

Which is the hardest form of

carbon, whose crystals are octahedral in shape?

Diamond

Wood spirit

Write a carbohydrate insoluble

in water:

Starch

Ester

What is the name of the gas

used in the preparation of
polythene?

Ethylene

What is another name of alkanes?

Paraffins

Name a simplest amino acid

Glycine

Which is the first organic compound artificially prepared?

Urea

Isomers

The simplest member of saturated hydrocarbon is

Methane (CH4)

Compound having the same

molecular formula but different structural formula are
called?

Which substance is obtained

when coal is heated in the absence of air?

Coke

Coal containing a large amount

of carbon is

Anthracite

What is the colour of crude petroleum?

Brown

Chemistry

What is meant by ignition temperature?

The temperature at which a

fuel starts burning when

heated is called ignition
temperature.

How can petroleum be purified?

Fractional distillation

Which is the main constituent

of petroleum gas?

Butane

What is formed by the mixture

of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide?
Which fuel is used in aeroplane?

Aviation spirit

What are the components of

natural gas?

Methane and hydrogen

Cement mixed with gravel,

sand and water is called

Which product of living organisms was the first to be made

under laboratory conditions?

Urea

Flint glass

Thermosetting plastics

Cobalt compounds give which

colour to glass?

Raw material commonly used

for all types of glass
Which glass is used as the wind
shield of the motor cars?
Which glass is used for making
electric bulb?

Ferrous oxide gives which

colour to glass?

Which substance is added for

getting yellow colour to glass?

What is used for salting out, in

the manufacture of soap?

Sodium chloride

Which solvent is used for drycleaning of clothes?

tetrachloro ethylene

Which sweet-smelling solvent

is used in Nailpolishes?

Acetone

Chromium salt

What is the chemical content of

moth balls?

Naphthalene

Common Name .......................................... Chemical Name

Carborundum .................................................. Silicon carbide
Nitre ............................................................ Potassium nitrate
Hypo ..................................................... Sodium thiosulphate
Spirit .................................................................. Ethyl alcohol
Lunar caustics .................................................... Silver nitrate
Green Vitriol ...................................................... Iron sulphate
Quartz ............................................................ Silicon dioxide

What is widely used for making nylon?

Caprolactum

Olive green

Which type of plastics is used for

making adhesives, button etc?

Urea formaldehyde

Soda glass

Concrete

Which plastic acquires hardness

permanently when heated and
cooled?

Safety glass (laminated glass)

MAN MADE MATERIALS

Which glass is used for making

lens?

Silica

Which substance is used for

making PVC?

Vinyl chloride

Blue

Which laminates are used for

making helmets?

Fibre glass

Substance used to give violet

colour to glass

Manganese dioxide

Which glass is generally used

for making laboratory wires?

Heat resistant glass

What is used for making

prisms?

Flint glass

Optical glass is

Flint glass

Coal containing 65% of carbon

Bituminous coal

Nicotine

Coal gas

Which drug is present in tobacco?

Which artificial fibre is used for

making fishing net?

Nylon

What is the chemical name for

factomphos?

Ammonium carbonate

Write the process which causes

bread to rise and produce
bubbles in beer:

Fermentation

Chemistry

Which chemical fertilizer is

found in chile?

Analgesics

Antipyretics - Chemicals which bring down body temperature

Sodium nitrate

Antiseptics

Antibiotic used in the treatment

of typhoid fever

Chloramphenicol

What do you call the substances

which bring down the body
temperature due to fever?

Scientist who first prepared

urea

Which fiber is chemcially identical to cotton fibres?

Which nucleic acid is mainly

responsible for the synthesis of protein?

Rayon

Ribo nucleic Acid (RNA)

Detergents used for cleaning

clothes and utensils contain

Which is used as a thickener in

paints and lipsticks?

Bentonite

Natural Radioactivity
was discovered by

Vitamin D

Henry Bequerrel

Vitamin B2

RADIO ACTIVITY

and Tritium H3)

Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid

Fusion reaction

What is the chemical name of

vitamin B1?

A heavy nucleus breaking up

into smaller nuclei of almost
equal size is called

Thiamine

Fission

What is riboflavin?

Which enzyme can hydrolyse

sucrose?
What is cyanocobalamin?

Simplest Radioactive atom is

Tritium

Age of fossils is calculated by

Radiocarbon dating

Element used in Radiocarbondating

Carbon 14

Which is a steroid vitamin?

Vitamin D

Artificial Radio Activity was

discovered by

Irene Curie and F. Juliot

What is a sunshine vitamin?

Vitamin B12

What are the three isotopes of

hydrogen?

Protium H1, Deuterium H 2

Invertase

The vitamin present in rice polishing is

The process by which smaller

nuclear joins and forms larger
nucelus is called

Vitamin D

Which vitamin prevents pellagra?

Niacin

Vitamin B2

What is calciferol?

Which nuclei acid is responsible

for heredity?
(DNA)

What is ascorbic acid?

Vitamin C

What is the another name of

Ascorbic acid?

Vitamin C

Sulphates

The branch of science which

deals with the treatment of diseases using suitable chemicals
is known as

chemotherapy

What is the other name for

terylene?

Decorn

narcotic

BIO-CHEMISTRY

What is the monomer of

polythene?

Ethylene

Commonly used
analgesies are
Marijuane etc.

Wohler

- Chemicals which prevent the growth of micro

organisms and may even kill them.

Morphine, Codeine,

Antipyretics

- Chemicals used for getting relief from pain

Wine dating is done by

Tritium

10

Chemistry

Isotope used for cancer treatment

Cobalt 60

Angiogram test is done by using

Sodium 24

Isotope used for the treatment

of Leukaemia
Bone cancer can be diagnosed
by using

Coolants used in nucelar reactor

Moderators used in Nuclear

Reactor

Strongest Radioactive element

Radium

Isotope used for the treatment

of Hyperthyroidism

Liquid Radioactive metal

4C

Rays which travels in the speed

of light

Unit of Radioactivity

The steady state from which no

spontaneous change takes place
is called

Bequerrel

Equilibrium

of nuclear fission

The chemical reactions which

never go to completion are
called

Reversible reactions

Who put forward a principle relating to the equilibrium system?

The reaction in which the forward and backward reactions

occur simultaneously is called

Reversible reaction

Those reactions in which the

products cannot react and give
back the original reactants are
called

Irreversible reactions

MISCELLANEOUS

24 days

Le Chatellier

Closed system

Half life period of thorium 234

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Uncontrolled chain reaction

A system of reacting substances

from which neither the reactants nor the products are taken
away or added to is called

At what temperature water has

the maximum density?

Gaseous Radioactive element

The reaction in which product

molecules react and give back
the original reactants is called

Backward reaction

Half life period of Carbon 14

Francium

The principle of atom bomb

The Radioactive element

present in Pitch Blende

Gamma rays

Radon

Radioactivity is measured by
using the instrument

5730 years

Graphite and Heavy water

Optimum temperature

Uranium

Liquid sodium

Willard F. Libby

Iodine 131

Phosphorus 32

reactions, most conveniently

and profitably is called

Geiger counter

Gold 198

Radiocarbon dating was developed by

The temperature most suited

for conducting an industrial
process involving a reversible

A rain coat is made of

Polychloroethene

The absence of cobalt in minute

quantities in human body
causes

Pernicious anaemia

Which material is used in display devices, such as digital

watches?

Liquid crystal

ACID RAIN
Acid rain is caused due
to industrial pollution. Gases
such as Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides etc. produced
by industries, power plants
and vehicles rise up in the atmosphere and react with water vapour and oxygen in the
atmosphere to give sulphuric
acid and nitric acid. They dissolve in water and come
down with rain (acid rain). It
causes damage to vegetation
and fertility of soil.

11

Chemistry

Which drug is present in cola

drinks?

Caffeine

What is the modern standard for

relative atomic mass?

Carbon isotope with mass

Antichlor

number 12

What happens when an electron

moves nearer to the nucleus of
the atom?

What is molarity?

Number of moles of solute

What do you mean by a buffer
solution?

Solution which can maintain

Which halogen is highly metallic in character?

Astatine

Which gas has the smell of rotten eggs?

The phenomenon by which the

same element exists in the same
physical state in different forms
is known as

Allotropy
Isotopes - Atoms of the same
element having
same atomic number but different
mass number.
Isobars

- Atoms of different
elements which
have the same mass
number but different atomic number.

Isotones - Atoms of different

elements which
contain the same
number of neutrons.

Converting a solid directly

into its vapour

turns

litmus

What is the acid present in milk?

Lactic acid

Water

What is the colour of chlorine?

Which mineral is known as

fools gold?
The iron obtained direct from
the blast furnace is called
What is agate?
Which is the germicidal component in bleaching powder?
Chlorine
Write the name of a liquid in
which phosphorous dissolves:
Carbondisulphide
Which element is used as a disinfectant, as a bleaching agent
and to purify water?
Chlorine
What is the common name for
sodium chloride?

Salt

Who is known as the Father of

Polymer Science?

The German

scientist
Herman Staudinger

What is the colour of ruby?

Naturally occuring silica

Which gas
colourless?

Chlorine

The substances which conduct

electricity with the help of the
ions present in them are called

Electrolytes

Pig iron

The ashes of plants contain alkali metals, 90% of which is

Potassium

Iron pyrites

What is sublimation?

What is the common name for

hydrogen hydroxide?

Red

What do you understand by 22

carat gold?

22 parts gold, 2 parts copper

Greenish yellow

Hydrogen sulphide

Smell of white phosphorus

Garlic

constant PH

The substances which are capable of removing water

vapour from other substances
are called

An enzyme which helps in digestion is

Protease

Drying agents

in one litre of the solution.

The substances which are capable

of absorbing combined water or
elements of water from molecules of compounds are called

Dehydrating agent

Its energy decreases

Substances used for removing

excess of chlorine from textiles
after their bleaching are in general called

The atoms or groups of atoms that

carry electrical charge are called

Ions

Which chemical reaction takes

place in a torch cell?

Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

The negative electrode is called

Cathode

Substances, that do not conduct

electricity are called

Insulators

Electrode that is connected to

the positive pole of the battery
is called

Anode

12

Chemistry
In a torch cell, which energy is
converted into electric energy?

Father of
Modern Chemistry

Chemical

an analgesic

pyretic

Same molecular formula

but different structural formula

Diamond

Proteins are mainly made up

of

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Amino acids are the building

blocks of

Proteins

Permananet hardness Chlorides and sulphates of

Calcium & Magnesium

Car tyre cords are made up of

nylon - 66
The drugs used to treat allergy
are called

Antihistamins
Substances which prevent the
formation of acids in the stomach are called

The most commonly used food

preservative is

Sodium benzoate

LPG is a mixture of

Ethane, Propane and Butane

The main component of LPG is

Butane

The main component of natural gas is

Methane

The proess of coating Iron with

Zinc is known as

Galvanisation

CHEMISTS
-

J.J. Thomson

Proton & Nucleus

Neutron

Ernest Rutherford
James Chadwick

Hydrogen

Henry Cavendish

Soaps are the salts of

weak acid and strong
base. Hence their solution is alkaline.

Oxygen

Priestley

Nitrogen

Daniel Rutherford

Sodium, Potassium,
Aluminium

Humphry Davy

Detergents are the salts

of strong acid and
strong base. Hence
their solution will be
neutral.

Carbon di oxide

Joseph Black

pH scale

Sorensen

Atom

John Dalton

Atom model

Niels Bohr

6 to 10% solution of acetic acid

Electron

Antacids

The hardness of water is due to

the presence of which salts ?
bonates of Calcium & Magnesium

Isoprene

Non - stick kitchen wares are

coated with

Teflon

Temporary hardness - Bicar-

Natural rubber is a polymer of

Natural antioxidants are

Vitamin C and E

The smallest particle of an element or a compound, which

shows all the properties of that
substance is known as

molecule

Vinegar

and Nitrogen

is used as a preservative for

various food items. It is commonly known as

Making vitamins

Which metal is used to make

CD

Aluminium

Robert Boyle

Sulphur is required in plants

as a nutrient element for

The drug used against AIDS is

AZT

What material is used for cutting glass?

Paracetamol is used as

both analgesic and anti-

What is isomerism?

Aspirin is used as

13

Chemistry

Which acid is known as the

King of Chemicals ?

Sulphuric acid

The substances which prevent

ageing of food materials are
commonly known as

Anti oxidants

A mixture of carbon monoxide

and nitrogen is called
producer gas

COMMON ALLOYS
Alloy

Constituents

Steel
Iron, Carbon
Stainless steel Iron,
Nickel,
Chromium
Brass
Copper & zinc
Bronze
Copper & tin
Duralumin A l u m i n i u m ,
copper, Traces
of Magnesium &
Manganese
Invar
Iron and Nickel
Alnico
Aluminium,
Nickel, Cobalt &
Iron
Solder
Lead & Tin

A mixture of carbon monoxide

and hydrogen is called
Water gas
A solution of carbon dioxide gas
in water is called
Soda water
Which gases are used for gas
welding ?
Oxygen and acetylene
Rock cotton is
Asbestos
When Iron rusts, its weight
increases
Element extracted from
monozite sand is
Thorium
The gas used in refrigerators
and ice plants
Ammonia (NH3)
The mixture of uranium oxides
is commonly known as
Yellow cake
Man made elements are commonly known as
Transuranics
The inorganic elements or com-

pounds which occur naturally

in the earths crust are known as
minerals
The mineral from which a
metal can be profitably extracted are called
Ores
The process of extraction of
metals from their ores, and then
refining them for use is known as
metallurgy
The main ore of aluminium is
Bauxite
The main ore of iron is
Haematite

SOME COMMON ACIDS

Substance

Acid

Vinegar

Acetic Acid

Orange &
Lemon

Citric Acid

Curd

Lactic Acid

Tea

Tannic Acid

Apple

Maleic Acid

Tamarind

Tartaric acid

14