http://w

ww.face
book.co
m/manu
ale.onli
ne
http://ww
w.faceboo
k.com/ma facebook.com/manuale.online
nuale.onl
ine

P LU S

l.
@

Coursebook
Nick Kenny
JackyNewbrook
Richard
Acklam

Contents
Unit
Tuningin
p.6

Spenclit or
p18

tick
p.3o

Pushingthe

Grammar
Wordformaton (s!fixes)
p 1o

serd /, ahc/onesmultipenratching

Examfocus:multiple choice(Part 1)
p 20
Extracts

Articlesp 27

conrpoundadjectvesp.24
Adverls ng and marketnq
p26

lvlodalverbs1 p.:1
Gerundsand infn tivesp 36

Adtectvesof chara.ter
p30

Thepawerof sayingsatrynrtiple cha.e

(Part3)p.34

conditonas (ove ew) p.44

p.48
conditonas (advanced)

sc/erc:openclozep 42

Mrrphy!iawqapped
text(Part2) p.46

Verblenses(perfeclaspect)
p ll
Definingand fon-defn n9

Colocations,
f xed phrases

p.42

lt

Thrillsand skills
p.54

6 Fllily ties

7
n
-

Reading

Intensif
erymodf ersp 55
lntensify
n9 cornparatve

word formllon (pf xet

p58

Examlo(usrmultiplematching(Part4)

Hypolhelcalrneanng - w,!h
p .7 o
p sl sp .7 4
Su b s ti tu to n /e

W ord+ prepostonc)p71
Easy conlusedwordsp 77

Behone by 9 3A p.5A
E xvdcts,
rnuti pe choce(P art1) p 72

creativtalnts Wdysof refeffng io ihe future

p .8 5
Verbpaltefnsp 88

Whatkeepsus
going

9 ;l#"'""0

Goodgamebul /J/tart? mu tip e choce

(Part3) p 82
meanng p 87

D rectand reporredspeech
p .9 6
Reportng wordsp.99

Threepari phrasavefb5
p92

Examfocur: gappedtext (Part2)

Reviewoi narratve tenses

p .1 0 5
(ceft sentences
Ernphass
wth

preposit
Dependent
ons
adj ect
vesandnounsp.108

Haw ta be a gaadtravelletnr 1 p e
mat.hng (Paira) p 106

cornpound
no!nsp.l 24

A iafa, io 5averhe b/it carsgappedlext

(P arl2) p.118

e
ro;r;;;ron"tu," countabe/LrncoLrntab
ntrcductory
ft p 122

j[jl

Alwayson my

Expre$ions
wth rake,mnd
Emp h a swsth n v e 6o n p . 135
Phrasaverbsand express
ons
with th,rk p.136

p 13 0
7 t

IJ

A natterof time

A waywith

E xtra.ts,
rnunpe choce{ P ai r1) p 142

ThetLrturen the pan p.147

Pa rtc p e c a u s e s p .l 5 6
.tt tudep 156
C ommun
cai i on i doms
p.160
Sm les(/kelar)p l6l

p 154

71 \':.P*'""

Examfocus:multipl choic(Part3)
Wheteis ny ntind? p 132

l Ms ta k eto
s a v o l dp 1 7 3

B ooks
andnoresp 169

lhe Ghost /rte6 mut pe rnat.hnq

Exiracts,
multp e choice(Part1) p 166
Planningtotake an exan?p 116

p. 166

Paper5 Speakingtasksp.178 Communication

activitiesp.188 Grammarreferencep.193

Writing

U s eo f En g l i s h

Listening

Speaking

D Gf tn 9 a n do r gns nq
Par t1 )p .1 5

Thepowet af fle shaing apen

c o z e(Pa rt2 ) p 1 2

Extracts
N4!t p e choi.e(P;rt r)
p.6

Examfo(usr conversation
{P art1} p.13

rnlormaletler(Part2) p.28

Sellyou. nuff anlinewatd

fornraton (Parl3)p 23

p 18
Radioprogramme
Consuneisn in society
mul ti pechoce(P art3) p.24

nformatonsheel(Part2)
o19
' .hecknq for m nakes

Thetruth behinda snile

mut p e-choce c oze(Part1)
p38

Examfocus: multiple
matching(Part4) chang,rg

A rtcle(Pa rt2 )p 52
paragrapns
- nlro0Lrclory

Examfocus:gappedsentencet
(Pad 4) p 51

Examtocus: multiple choice

(Part 1) Exiracts
p 45
Ihe RedCanarysentence

A ierence(Part2) p 64

Caun teia.tu aI thinking wotd

iorrnaton(Pad3) p 58
onlin,bgliling apencoze\Pan2)
p62

Howspo.thaschangedmultpe
matchn9 (Part4) p.54
/ndoor./rmblngmut pe choKe
(Part3) p 63

C omp e l l o ne n t r y( P a11
2)
c78

Examfocus:key word
transformarions(Pa* 5) p.76

l\4athetancl.hildp.75

r v , e w(Prft2 ) p. 90
'! aryi n q a n q u age

A caseof co//dion madnessword

(Part3) p.88
Torrnatron

Examlocus: sentence
completion(Pa|t 2) Ihe cow

P roposa l (Pad
1)p 101
' d iferencebetweenreport

Haw ta nake a qaad lnitialinpressian Ate yau a selt-starte.?

p92
word formatlof(Part3) p 93
Amy Kymernutipe cho.e (Pa( 3)
p9a
lbragea/rinebossnr! tpe-choice

(Paft2) p 99
Comparing

Compelition
entry(Part2)
p l ll
1 dentfy ng keyelements

Examfo.usj open cloze(Part2)

Ihe hurqry cyclst sentence

.omp eiron(Parr2) p 109

Chooslngan mage(Prrts3 and 4)

p 104
Indvdua l onqtl rrn(P ar12)
p I 11

(Pa rt1 )p. 125

R eport

Snitfet .iag eatnsnorc than Palice

Haw eco frien.lly arc you? p 116

Examfocus:multiple choice
(Paft 3) lnse.ts fran Hell p 12A

SoLrnding
interenedp 123

How ro corren are m! t ple-choce

laughleryogasentence
competon {P art2) p.r38

nd vidud ong tLrrn(Part2)

p.136
p 140
Puzzles

(Part2) p lsl
Essay
Examfocus:word fomation (Part
i prerentaton ol argumenG 3) Theenignaof tlne tnvel p 146
'I nk nq wo d s andphr as es Stat Tek the f'tore asptedicteclin
thepastopencoze (Parr2) p r50
(Pa rt2 ) p. 161
P ropo sa
Examfo(us: multiple-choice
cto2e lPaft 1) An unusualy
i checkirqfor nstakes

Computergarresmult pe
rnatchnq (Part4) p.148

(Part3)
Two-wayconveEation
p.l 48

Extra.ts,nr! tple chocelPart1)

p 162

(P ans
D scusson
3 and4) p . l58

t p 172
I he s e tb o o k(P ar2)
Paper2 overvew p.174

Extracls,
rnutiplechoce(Part1)
p 170

Examfocus: Parts1-4 p.170

" reportdosand don'ts

A rt ce (Pa rt2 ) p 138

(Part4) p 117
Gappedsent-afces

Ihe btrth af popular culturc oper

Writing referencep.199 SeeCDRomfor extrapracticeand iTest.

Language
of po55bilityand

Agreenq and addng informaton

(Pai63 and 4) p.59

Examf ocus:collaborative
(Parts3 and 4)
task/discu5sion
p70
Two-way.onversrton (Part3)
p81
l ndvdLraIongturn(P art2 ) p 84

Examinformation
TheCambrdge
in Advanced
Certficate
English
consists
of fve papers.
Eachpapertestsa different
areaof abilty
in Englsh
and s wo(h 20%of thefina resut A
canddate'soveralCAEgrades basedon the tota score
q" i ed ndlf i. ap d p "

ond

or po

b p lopd\" ol

fa lindvdua papers.
A, B andC arepassgradesD and
E arefai grades.

Paper 1 Reading
TheRead
ng paperlastst hour15mnutesandcontains
fourpartswth a totalof34 questons.t contanstexts
of varyng engthstakenfroma varietyof rea-word
sources
with a rangeof texttypeandstye of writ ng.
Forexample,
theremaybe extracts
fromnewspapers,
magaziner,
websiles,
novesandnon-fction
as
books,
we I asmaterial
from
taken
brochures,
leafJets
andother
shorttextsCanddateshaveto answer
al theqLrestions.
Part I Multiple choice
Part1 consists
of threeshorttextson a theme.Thetexts
aretakenfrorndifferent
sources
andfepresent
a fange
ol styleandgenre.
There
aretwo four'option
multp e
quest
choice
onson eachtextwh ch testa ranqeof
readngand angLrage
sk15.> Examfocusp.20
Part 2 Gapped text
Pa- 2 o .i\f\o'o'" lo19 e t 'o'r v\(rcLs
paragraphs
havebeenremoved
andp acedin jumbed
orderafterthe text.Canddatesusetheirknowedgeof
vocabuary referenc
nq andtextstructure
to reconrtruct
thetext.> Examfocusp.94
Part 3 Multiple choice
Part3 consists
of one longtext.TherearesevenfouTopton mutlpe'chocequestions
whichfolow theorder
of thetextandtesta rangeof reading
andlanguage
skis.> Examfocusp.132
Part A Multiple mat.hing
Part4 consists
of one longtextwhich s d v dedinto
several
sectons.Thetextis preceded
by 15 prompts
wh ch reportnformaton and deasfromthe text.
Candidates
mustmatcheachpromptto the correct
section
of text.> Examfocusp.56

Paper 2 Writing
TheWrtinqpaperlastst hour30 m nutesandismade
!p of two tasks.In Paft1 a candrdates
do the same
provided
taskwh ch isbased
on inpul nformation
on
thequestonpaper.n Part2, canddateshavea choice
ot task.

Part I
n Part1,canddatesreadaround150wordsof inpLrl
nformaton, wh ch maycomefromvarousreaFwor
d
texts,andusethisinformaton
10complete
a strlctured
wf tingtaskof 180-220
words.Nlarks
areawarded
for
boththe ncluson
of thetargetinformalion,
language
ablty andforwrtinqrnanappropriate
stylefor the
grven
proposa
task(e.gletter,
report,
or artc e).
p
.
1
5
,
p
.
1
0
1
(p
ro p o s a ), U n i t 1 0 p . 1 2 5
Un it8
> Un rtI
(report)
Part 2
n Part2, candrdates
seectonestuationaly
based
task
froma choceof fve whichmayincude:artc e,
compettronentry,e55ay,
ettet proposa,report,revew,
r or. d o 'hFetor on rb.ton (o o o ga pre-e
"
(e.gbook,research
document,
etc.).Marksareawarded
loTcontent,
organsaton,cohesion,
rangeof language
andtaskachevement.
Candidates
wrte 220 260words
> Unit2 p.28(niormalletter),
Unt 3 p 39 (nlormatron
(art
p.52
sheet),
Unit4
c e),Llnit5 p.64(referencel,
(competit
p.78
Unt 6
on entry),
Unt 7 p.90(review),
(compet
p.1
Llnt I
13
t on entry),
Llnt 1I p.l 38 (artc e),
p
.
1
5
1
(e
s
s
a
y
),
Un t 1 2
Un it1 3p 1 6 3(p rop o s) a
NBQuenion
5 relates
to these1textwh ch some
candidates
mayhavestudied.
> Un it1 4p 1 7 2

Paper 3 Use of English

Thispaperastsfof onehoLJr
andcontains
fve paftswth
a tola of 50 questons.Candidates
answer
a I the
questons.
Thefve differentpart!areasfo lows:
Part 1 Multiple-<hoiae cloze
Thistaskfeatures
a textfromwhich12wordsor phrases
havebeenremoved,
wh ch isfo lowedby 12four'opton
questions.
nrultp e-choice
Thefoc!s s on knowedgeof
vocabu
aryandthe reatonshpsbetween
words(e.g
co ocation,
compementaton,
etc). > Examfocus
p.158
Pad 2 Open cloze
Thi!taskfeatures
a textfromwh ch 15wordshavebeen
removed
Canddatesusetheirknowledge
o{ grammar,
sentence
structure
andtextstructLrre
to complelethe
gaps.> Examtocusp.112

Part 3 Word formation

Ths taskfeatures
a textfromwh ch ten wordshave
beenremovedThebaseformof eachm 5sng word s
givenasa prornpt.
Candidates
rnustusether knowledge
form
of grammar
andwordbuidngto nsertthecorrect
of theq venword.> Examfocusp.146
Part 4 Gapped sentenaes
Ths s a gapped-sentences
taskw th fjvequestrons.
Each
queston features
a setof threendependent
sentences.
Thesameword hasbeenremoved
faomeachof the
threesentences
Candrdates
usether knowedgeof
vocabLrary
to f ndthecommon
missing
woro
p.51
> Examfocus

Part 3 Multiple (hoi(e

Part3 consists
of an intervew or d scussion
astng three
orfourminutes.
Therearesx fouroptonmutipe choce
questions
whichfollowthe orderof the textandtesta
rangeof lstenn9skls. Themainfocusison
9 the"r' | .desd d opr'ro " of p"3."
-nde'<_:ndi
> Examfo(usp.120
Part 4 Multiple mat(hing
Parl4 consists
of fiveshortmonologues
on a themeof
aroundJ0 seconds
each.Thesetof extracts
is heard
onceandisthenrepeated
Canddateshaveto complete
two tasksasthey isten.Eachtaskfeatures
a setof eight
prompts
isten,
sho(
As candidates
theymatcheach
speaker
to oneof thee ght promptsn eachtask.The
focLrg
ison understand
ngtheg st of whatthe5peakers
aresayn9.> Examfo(us p ll

Part 5 Key word transtormations

Ths is a key-word
transformation
taskwjth erght
questons.Eachquestion
featlrestwo sentences
which
express
thesamemeaning
in d fferentways,plusa key
Paper 5 Speaking
word Threeto sx wordshavebeenremoved
fromthe
paperlastsfor 15minutes
second
sentence.
Canddatesusether knowledge
oi
TheSpeaking
and s takenby
grammar,
vocabu
in pars Thestandard
aryand5entence
structure
to complete candidates
fornratinvolves
an
thegapusngtheg venkeyword > Examfocusp 76
intervrew
betweentwo canddatesandtwo examners
Oneof theexamnersisan interocutorwhospeaks
to
thecandidates;
theotherexamnerony assesses
the
Paper 4 Listening
candidates
anddoesnotspeakThed fferentpartsareas
TheListen
ng paperastsfor approximatey
40 m nutes
andcontansfourpartswitha lotalof 30 que( ons.
There
are istenn9textsof varyn9 engths
Part I Conversation
takenfroma
TheInterocutorask5thecanddatesquestions
varetyof rea-word gources
wrtha rangeof texttype,
about
themselvee,
contexts
andspeakeB
Forexan'rp
e, theremaybe
ther livesand nterests,
in turn Thefocuss
extracts
frommeda broadcaslg,
announcements,
talks
on o"1e,"ti-t".d/rion"l \o.a a.9_agettrrspa.r
"-d
mately
and intervews,aswe I asmaterial
takenfromeveryday lastsapprox
3 minutes> Examlocusp.13
situatons.
Althe istenng textgareheardtwceand
Part 2 Individual long turn
canddateshaveto answer
a I theq!estons
n _ h o a' a a c ! c a n dd d req d - o n gt u n l" , t t g
"
Part 1 Multiple choice
approximately
onem nute.Eachcandidate
hasa
Part1 consstsof threeshortindependent
lstenngtexts difierent
eetoi photoqraphs
to ta k aboutThesecond
Thetext5aretakenfromd fferentsources
andleaturea
candidate
w ll makea sho.tresponse
afterhis/her
partner
rangeof voicesandstyesof deiivery.
hasspoken.
Therearetwo
Ths whoe part astsapprox
matey
qlestions
threeopton multp e choice
on eachtext
lhreeor iourminlrtes
focus
andthe
s on language
wh ch testa rangeof lstenng skiJs> Examlocu5p 45
organsaton.> Examfo(us p.170
Part 2 Sentence completion
Part2 consstsof a monoogueastng approx
mately
threem nutesA setoi e ght sentences
reportsthe main
po ntsfromthe text.A wordor shortphrasehasbeen
removed
fromeachsentence
Canddateslstenand
complete
them ssinginformat
on ThemaLn
Tocus
rson
locating
andrecording
specfic informat
on frcmthetext
> Examfo(us p.80

Part 3 Two-way <onversation

n th

oa.1 .r"

a-dd" t" ,

"ll

_oaa.L 0rl -6r l re/ara

qivena sheetoJvisuaprompts
anda situatonor ssue
to discuss
for aroundfourm nutesThispartfocuses
on
thelanguaqe
of interaction:
exchang
nq ideai,
expressing
andlustifying
opinions,
agreement,
etc.
p.70
Exam
focus
>
Part 4 Discussion
n th s panthereisa general
d scusslon
related
to the
topicoJthePan3 task.The nterlocutor
asksquestons
wh ch broadenout the discuss
on frornthe speclfc task
n Paft3. Ths partlastsaroundfour m nutes.
> Examfocusp.70
5

fi

UNIT

Tuning
in
Listening: multiplecho;ce(part.l)
I

Discuss
thesequestions.
ShoLrld
musc justbesomethrng
we listen
to, or
shoud we alsomakemuscTWhy?
Whch wou d you ratherlistento: livemusc or
recorded
muslc?
WhyT
Doyou ikehearing
background
musicin shops
and
restaurants?
Why?/A/y'hy
not?

2 You will hearthree different extracts.

Choose
the answer(A, B or C)whichfits best
according
to what yoo hear

i!{'drq-rel
On a localradiostation,you hearsome
informationabouta musical
event.
Whattypeof eventaretheyta k ng about?
A a concert
B anexhbiton
C am u scfestiva
Whattypeof peope s Terryencourag
ng
to attendthisevent?
A people
whoarecapable
of contributing
to themusc
B peope who havea profess
ona tnterest
n tnemustc
c people
whowoud lke to learnhowto
p aythemusic

EG4-r!q

Youheartwo friendsdiscussing
a concertthey
havejust beento.
5 Whatdo theyagree
abolt?
A howcoselythebandmanaged
to
reproduce
thesoundon theI CD
I howdll theband!CDsounds
compared
to thelve pedorrnance
C howdisappo
nt ngthespeca
effectswereat the concert
6 Whatdidthegir enloymostabouttheconcert?
A thereactron
of theaudience
B theband!choice
o{ matera
C theperformance
of onebandmember

Youhearpart of a radiodiscussion
aboutmosic.
Whatisthemanbatttudetowards
background
music?
A Hefnds it rfltating.
B Hel grownaccLrstomed
to it.
C Heno onqerstens
to it properly.
Whydoesthewomansometimes
lke to
playmusc whenshe!workinq?
A lt stopsherfeelinglonely.
B t helpsherto concentrate.
C lt'sa sourceof inspration.

Discuss
with otherstudents
what kind
music:
. youiind nspring
. netpsyouconcentrate
. rsgoodto lstento whenyou,rehappyor sad
2 Wouldyou be happyto
Why?./Why
not?

withoutmusic?

3 Shouldmusicians
be paidmorethan people
doingothertypesof work?Why?Mhynot?

|NIT 1 Tunnq n

1 Chooset\rvornistakes
that youfound
difficut to spot.
2 Identfy theareaof grammar
in each
ca5e.
3 Lookupthoseareas
in a grammar
reference
book.Makenoteson whatyou
earn,andexplain
t to another
student
3 Discussl
. the bestwaysof rememberinq
areasof
grammar
thatyoumakem stakes
wlth
. thebestwaysof e iminatn9 grammar
misiakes
fromyourwrtingandspeaking.

Keepinga grammar(hecklist
Alwayskeepyourwrittenwork,and
makea noteof anyareasof grammar
that you mademistakes
with morethan
once,likethis:

Grammar 1: overview
1 Theemailbelowcontains
ten differentbasic
grammatical
mistakes.
Findthe mistakes
and correct
them.Thencheckyouranswers
with a partnerThe
lirst one hasbeendonefor you.
e^^

..

4
q

a
a

Lh"eci(.lisl

4
or"senl perl"e'f
a r^
+ lot / si+tce
::l

a
a
Justlouc hn g b ase10te l(0) r ey ou about lhef im went lo s ee l a s l
nghl as you asked.lMyadviceto you d:a-donl botherwiih l al
all lt was compleierubblsh,and a wasle oflme and money.I
reallywish I had nol gone mysell,a.d I d halg read the reviews,
'dtrmoivp I il d T ss. Iva been qoils 1oll^e L rcmd resLld,y
s nde a le asl: x vea s, a t lidi s ds bv r arll- e wor s l' i. lt dd
sef up lo now - il's g such terb e lirn I can't underslandhow or
why they dcidedlo make t. Aparl ol everr,lhingelse, lwas so
boredl 5o i1 c.se ,oL migl'l colside lo qo yor [.ow ry opr.ron
er4lrt
Anyway- enoughoi my compants -and n spite oi my
dsappontment wnh lhs pancuar iim haven'lactuallygone oil
fims n genera So on a diierent loplc - lknow that you are
r e e, ed'o
rbc sq ! dr d lwot e ed wier ier - iohlv o L
*F
se o cornewrlr me Lolre oper -dtr (o_cet 11lre pd h 4exl
Salurday?llllbe great and al the olhers are sons. Lel rne know
Jlwhal you lhink bU unlessI hear irom yo! by Frday illassume
yo!.an'l mak611.l'm altachingsome inlomrationaboltlhe concen

yoLca' 5eewro s oray.o.

r 1'5c ".a rs%l0tr
at de (alser
trieficrersonrhenr0n1

:=l

a
at-

a
a
a
a
a
a

t'ue beet
qoia^ lo ltLe
uct^/*o,
lar at

le^si six
lhird
(446tTtO'vrLL

ta^rs. '
I.l t'd r"ad the

re\tiews)I'd V\6Ye
i o. Y'tss'
tive,h

Add to thir (hecklistasyou do more

writtenwork and becomeawareo{ any
othertypicalmBtakes
that you make,
you
and refer to it before
start a new
pie.eot writing.Thismayhelpyou to
avoidmakingthe samemistakeagain.

So lhals a ljor now - speak lo you soon.

rd[

|NIT 1 Tunnq n

Reading:multiplematching
(Part4)
7

r|i<.tr<< rho<6

^ ,' 6 < r i- - .

1 Wouldyou evergo to seea conceftby a tr bute

band wherea groupof musc ansimpersonates
a
groupTWhy?A/y'hy
Tarnous
not?
2 Whydoyouth nk tr butebandsarepopular?
3 Whodo youthinkgoesto seethem?
4 Howdo youth nk theyareregarded
a) n the
musicbls nessb)bytheoriginabandmembers?
2 Readthe articlequicklyto seeif you were
right.In whichsectionwaseachof your
questions
answered?
3 Youare goingto readan articleaboutlrve
music.Forquestions
1-15,choose
from the
sections
of the article(A E).Thesections
maybe
chosenmorethan once,
In which sectionis eachof the following
mentioned?
Thepreparation
thatonetributebandhad
to do

tr-T_l

A tr butebandthat now has m tatorsitself

IZT:I

Howonetributebanddealtwitha potential
shortage
of materia
t3T.l
Thegoodvaluefor money
offered
by some
tr butebands
Theorigins
of theideaot tributebands
Thenegative
attitudeof somepeoplein
themusc bLrsiness
towards
tr butebands

t4-TE-l
tslEt
6rjt

Thed ff cult-"sthat r.rnknown

bandshave
in f ndngworkat rvevenues
popuartyof concerts
Thewidespread
by
tr butebandsn Brta n

tTld-t

Thereaction
to a tr butebandby a
member
oi theorg na band

r- El

Theenthusrastc
response
of
-lenoe, ol l^" a-d e-ce

Frft

Thesimiartyof thetrbutebandl
musicto the origina

li2fFl

11316)

Howconcerts
by tr blte bandsare
unlkethoseby theorrginal
bands

fiAf,tl

tTstEl

A lth a hot eveningin a smrll town in rhe

English N,lidlards.And as thc livc band plays
thc firsr barsofthe song/ lhl YatLoaI Gaodai tie
Dar.e F/oor at a local.lnb, things are gefting very
1varminded. Ou( on rhc dance floor, in the
n)iddlc of a steamingcrorvd,d couple of dozen
\oungmenrre h Iingrhcm.elves
rri,und:n rime
ro the music, sendinggldssesand Coke borrles
flying. As the songfinishs,rhe club ownerrakes
to th strgc and 3ppclls for calm.'lCs n grcarscr
by n gfearband,lads,but lcrl!chillour a hii, ch?'
It is,in short,l raryou mighrexpcctfroma livc
perfixmancc fcaruring rhc music of onc of
Brierin'.rmosrcxplosivcrcck ourlirs. Iixccpr rhe
musicianson sragcar nor thc Arcric lvlonkcys,
'lhcv arc d ffibLrrc
th Intcrnc! phcnomenon.
bnnd rallcd rhc AnrarcricMonkcys, lbur young
mcngrvin!r m,Fi(ll imtrc\"ionorrhc
I h,nC.
'erl
'$t havca bandofourowncrlledRyde,'suys
thc
AntJl(ri,\ I In Fl(!rhcr. l}rr sc, ou dn r acrgigr
And rvhenw6 did, rhcy rlwxls sdict "Do you do
covcrs?"
Ne $rc sirringa()und!hinkingaboLrt
ho$'we could gcr our therc and play, and
someonesdid: "Whv don'r we d{) a Monkcys
lriburel".W! all lovclheirnusic,sowc did.'
B \nrr nro wcck\' ,la{c sluJr oi rhc Arcric
Nlonke,vs' dcbur
Wto,eret Peopb
I
An, Tla?s,VJlat
I'n^lbum
Not Flerchcrand his fricrds
'dr
had pedectcdrhe soundto rh point whcrc only
rhe mosr highh trained ears could spot the
differcncc.'Vcnueslike us ro plal for an hour, ne
says. 'But rhe orisinal album onh lasrs ,13
minutcs,sowe playa couplcofsongstuice.'And
n gocsdo$n a storm.Arcric\ fans,someso young
thel arc accompanied
bv rheir parents,sjngxlong
to evcrv *ord. 'Thais rhc rhine abour ributes,'
\a!\ club-orvne,JuliJn Harkin.. qho,e ,rJs.
echocsro soundalikes
evcrynight of rhe week.'In
thc audience.there'sno holding brck waiting ro
sce\rhrr happens.These are diehardfans.From
chefirsr bar ro rh Lasr,they'rereallyinto it.'

U\IT

C The spreadof the pop f.ker is b\ !!o meansresrictcd to the

EnglishNIklhnds.Checkourthe live musiclistingsofanyLIK local
prper and
find them stuffedwirh groupslike Alikc Cooper,
"vou'll
ind CheapPurple.All ofler nor jusr splendidnames,bur pirch
perfecrlacsimilesof rhe genuineaniclc. Suchis the ero$rh of rhc
musicalcopvcat
businc;s,thcrel\cvcn an annualfesdval.Here
-you
c.n watchen ersarzF reddieNlercun,l\larc BolanandJimi Hendrix
rwangas'av1ix nor much morethanrhc cosrof a coupleofcoffees.
Not a bad dcrl. gilen rhat vou'll nevcr hare a chanceto sce drc
originals.
D ln a documcniary.i.,td ;, rlreClon.s,ro bc btoadcastlarc. rhis
nronth.drc jou.nalistAndrcwOollinstraccstriburehandst!) a
failcd tlcatlesrnusicdlin lhc latc 1970s.Our of thc ashcscmergecl
thc tloorlcg Bcatlcs,wbo harc now madc n 25 lcar carccrour of
inDcnonatingthc rnost famousband of c 1960s.'lfs likc tims
ftavcl. It's a snapslotof lhc brnd rs !hc! \rcrc at drcir pcak.li)u
cin walk into a sinnll unpfetentiouslivc music vcnuc and sec
someonepretending|() be fie RolliDgStonesrs the\ \'crc in rhc
19a s. Go dlorg ro dre genuineRolljng Stoneseig rnd \ou ll scc
thc rerl dling in thcifiixties. lt\ a bic difference.'
E ln n rense,evcn rhc ADrnrcricNlonkcts x.e hdiliDgb.ck ro .
lost timc, thc davswhcn tlre Arclic Ntr)nkevsrhcmselvescnrcrgcd
in "rsnrrllvcnucin shcfficldin thc norrhof Dnshnd,rathcrdran
phling domcsin Amcrica.k Drxyhavc bccn onh a fclr )q1rr go.
but iCsstill i tinrc rhrr will ncvcrconrcreain.(i)llins conrinucr:
idctlofiurhcnricir'\\'hichcln \ ccr
"l'hcrc'srn old rocklournalists'
towids snobbcrl,'hc sr)s."l hc rhingabourrrilnrtcbards;s tlrc-!
trlic drc s'Dl)bcry
o\rtof it. 'l hcscrrc cNbrrcr
!cts.'Indccd,suchis
thc surrcalspin of rhc gcnrc,drc world'smos!succcsslul
rrihutc
bind is no longcrr singulrritcm. lljorrr Ag.in. rhc Austral;rn
ilnpcrsonrrorsof thc 1970sSwcdishgroup Abb:r,havc fivc or \i\
vcrsions
of thcmsclvcs
rouringrlrc globcNr .rn! onc rimc.'l hcv
Sowh'rrdo rheorig;nrls
rhinkrbou!i! alli
hrvc bccomer frrnchise.
Thc Boodcg Beadesph_vedrr rhe 50rh bifthda\ prrly of I)ink
Flovd's D.vid Gilnour, rnd rmong rhe guests \r'rs Gcorgc
Hrrrison.The rerl Berrle wnsinroduced to his im;rarorsaficr rhc
shorvanclwasvery conplimcntar,v

T!..9

4 Tributebandsessentially
pretendto be the original
aarists.
Lookbackthroughthe
aa ric le
a n d h ig h lig hat llt h e
wordsthat are usedto suggest
the ideaoJ copying.
5 Lookthesewordsup in a
dictionary
suchasthe Longma,
ExamsDictionary.ln whal
contextwouldyou normally
expectto find them?
huring(A)
st!fied(C)
twang(C)
(A)
covers

hod ng back(8)
(B)
diehard
ch I out (A)
(B)
venues

I Decdewhatpartof speech
theyare
2 Lookat therestof the
5entence,
andwr te down
porsb e meanings
for each
yourideas
3 Cornpare
w th other
students.
by
6 Checkyouranswers
lookingat the d ictionary
extracts
on page188,which
comefrom the lorgman Exams
Di(tiona,.y-How closewere
7 Discuss
thesequestions.
1 Wh.t do youexpect
to f nd Lna
goodd ct onary?
Doesthe
youcurrenty
d ctionary
use
g ve youeverything
you need?
yo! ookedat on page188
usefut Werethemeanngsand
examples
c ear?D d yougetal
the inforrnaton youwanted
aboutthewords?
Whatother
information
aboutthewordd d
youf nd7
f Whendo youtry not to usea
d ct onary?Why?Whendo yoLl
llnd it usefuto usea
d cr onary?

|NIT

Tln fq n

Vocabulary: word
formation (suffixes)
ri::l:rLookat this example.What part of
speech
arethe undedined
words?How
do you know?
Beforegoing an stage,all I canrcnember
is a feelingnot so nuch of feat ar
nervausness.
but af wanderfulexcitementitr Workwith a partner.Lookat the
wordsin the box.Do the suffixes
in bold
generally
indicatethat the word is a
noun,an adjective,
a verbor an adverb?
weakness countable alternative
fr ghtening rapidly option
sLrccessful performance legal
responsiblity modernise political
enioyment deicious decorative
confused pleasant combination
il!, Whichsuffixes
from Exercise
2
make
. nounsfromadjectves?
. nounsfromverbs?
. verbsfromadjectives?
. :.! a.rn/a( fr^m .^

^(l/arh<)

. adverbs
fromadjectives?

Makingmusic- theirway

i:,4r Make a note of two more words

you know with eachof the suffixesin
Exercise
2. Makesurethat you alsowrite
down what partof speechit is.

A recent,ratherunusualmusc documentary
show(ased
(pfofesslon)
not (1) ...........-......
musicans,but London
(sponsor)
buskers
who weretakingpaft in a (2). .....
........
licensed
buskingscheme
whichnow boasts602
performers
(3) ..............
playingat 31 station
...(regular)
pitchesin the capital.Thiswasa (4) ........
(defermlne)
........
depanure
frcmthe standard
approach
to muscal
documentaries,
butrrwa5theposirive
'5) .. ..
(impfess)
madeby the qualityof the streetmusicians,
(tnt gue)personal
andtheir(6) ...................
backgrcunds,
(producf)
that ledto the (7)................
of the showThey
areallfantasticmusicians
in theirown r ght, but what
theyhadto go throughto per'orrris{8r .
..
\inspire).

1 Readthe title of the article.Do you

thinkthe articlewill be aboutunusual
musicians,
diskjockeysor musicfans?
2 Readthe wholearticle.Wereyou
right?
3 Decidewhat form the word in
brackets
shouldbe,then chooseone
o{ the suffixestrom Exercise
2 to
complete
the article.
TIP! Makesurethat you readthe
wholesentence,
and look out for any
pturatnouns,

1i';'i'i::::i:rr:o:

The mother
Asa mothero{ tu/odaughters
anda fulltirnehistory
degreestudent,Jordene
Roberts
hasherhandsfull. But
(form)training,she
despitehavinghadno (9).........
.......
helpsto payherb;llswir- ae c earanor 10,.. ..
(power)sopranovoiceoutsidethe RoyaOperaHouse.
Shehasno agentandstruggles
at audtionsbecause
sheis unableto readmusc (11)..............
..(tuert).

tr\ l T I

Tunngn

in your(ity? Howdo
6 Do you havebuskers
^6^^l o

+a.l

rh^'

'f

+hom?

7 Complete
the secondsentence
so that it has
a similarmeaningto the firstsentence,
usingthe
word given.Do not changethe word given.You
mustusebetweenthreeand sixwords,including
the word given.Thereisan example(0)at the
b e g in n in g .
TlPl Remembrthat when you saythings in
yoLroften h.ve to changethe
dif+eren1!,rays,
+orrnot a lvord, a5 in the examplebelow.

Example:
0 Lenawashugey disappointed
whenshelostthe
recor0ng contract.
i? Lenawhen
It cai\eas 4 lqsc 4leepP.9!ftr,,n94l
shelosttherecording
contract.
1 l'm veryworred aboutDavd5 forgetfulness
- it's
getting
wo6e MUCH
Davd s becomnq
..
andit
worresme a lot
2 People
should
takemoreresponsibiity
lor their
actions BE
oeopl"suo-ld
.. fo. hpraclronS
Thecity worker
For14years,Peterlvlurphyhada(12)
... .. ..
retped aa'eerasa' accoJlGnlbefoe o^e dav
'
declding
hewantedto buskfor a lvinq.He
walkedor-ltof h s off ce,madean (t3i...... ...
(appear)
the nextdaywth a penny
on the streets
wh stleand neverwent backto hisdesk.Nowhe
p aysa Celtc harp.Healwayswantedto be a
musc an,andbeingsingle
andhaving
no
(14) . . ... .lresponsible)
for others,hasbeen
abe to fo low h s dream.He hash s own website
drrud)LvEdr
The innovator
one o l h er ,,s.r oh a \ean\,.t5.
v lt - .-"

t;nvotve\

p. \ , h a n p . L l " d " r N .4 d a ^ .
" - c ad ou\ l

nown(16).... (negor/ate)
rora reco|.otn!
contract.
Her(17).. ......
....\determine)
la mak;
,
nerway in tne nu\lc worlo eo _e-Io s nqinq

London
statons.sheearned
enough
to payba;ic
b ls, butwashappyiustto beabe to give
(1S).
(perlorm)Shewaseventuaty
spotteds nqingoneof herown songsoutside
a rloe Staton

3 Thesinqerperformed
br ll antlyandreceveda
. sianornoovatron.
aRTLL|ANT
qave
nesrnqer
andfe'evecl
a slanong ovaton'
4 Theyounqwomantookan actvepaft n street
buskinq ENGAGED
Theyoungwoman
.......
.....n street
busking.
8 Discuss
thesequestions.
1 Doyoufindstreetbusking
acceptab
e?Why?/
whY not?
io 5 d o v o ^ d ' o \ 1
' ] l_ llll-; ? 1 " ] , 3 ' t ' o '

'y-",'!,1::-!!"^l:^bl+'^whv?Avhvnot?what
rlnoorousrngwouloyoudo/
a, _onvou old/. n .5.d n\-. .nan-' l, noi, !\qirr
u":

*nut

lf:,l",ll'ut
whatdo youthlnf'
5
lsthemostproductve
wayto
- :^i,"-:::'o
followa
n mLrrir?
'areer
11

il
'l

tjNlt

Tln n9 |

Use of English: open cloze

(Part2)
thesequestions.
iii,l{l Discuss
1 Whattypeof musicdo you like?
2 what do youthinkisthe bestwayto find out
aboutnew bands,singers
or music?
Why?
. lsteninq
to theradio
. reading
themusicpress
. wordof moLrth
. qotngto lve concerts
. surfn9 the lnternet

1 Makea listof the advantages

and
disadvantages
of downloading
musicirom
the Internetfor a) fansb) musicians.
2 Readthe title, and then readthe article
belowquickly,
withouttryingto Jill in any
missing
words.Howdoesyourlistcompare
with the writer'sideas?Doesthe writer
haveany different ideas?

;if
1 Readthe articleagainandwrite one word in
pencilin eachof the gaps.Most of the words are
grammatical
words(e.9.prepositions,
adverbs,
etc.)ratherthanvocabulary
linkedto the topic.
lf you are not sureof an answer,put as many
possibilities
asyou think mightfit. lf you haveno
idea,then put a questionmark.
yourideaswith anotherstudent.Explain
2 Compare
which answersyou're sureabout and why. Rubout
any alternatives.
gaps.Workout
3 Looktogetherat anyremaining
what type of word is missing.lf you're not sureof
the exactword, havea guess.
4 Finally.
readthe wholearticleagainto makesureit
makescomplete
sensewith youranswers
in place,
thesequestions.
i#l Discuss
1 Doesthewriterthinkthelnternet
isa goodthingfor
musicAenerally?
2 Howdo youth nk therus c busr_ess
hascqa-ged
sincethisarticlewaswritten?
3 Howdo you liketo get musicyoursef? Why?

THE POWER OF FILE SHARING

Thebig musicstory
Theprevious
dcadehadseena realrevoution
(8) ....................
of 2005turned
homerecording.
lt hadbecome
possible
for
anyone
with
musical
talent,anda
(0) ...?-ur,......
to bethe
modest
invest
amount
to
in
the
atesl
digital
success
of the Arctic
equipment,
to
achieve
home
recofdings
of
Monkeys,
a British
(9)
quality
comparable
produced
..................
those
in
group(1) ....................
professional
studios.
debutsinglewent
straightto the top of
Topeoplein the musicbusness,(10)...............
.,
the charts.Buttheirs
the
idea
free
of
allowing
downloadjng
was
was(2) ..,--.-unthinkable.
Surely,
theyreasoned,
if you
story
ordinarysuccess
(11) ...,....,...
your
.
music
away
on
the
Intefn-at,
in the musicbusiness.
(12)
..-.....
..
would
buy
a
hard
copy.
8ut
the
Far(3) ..............
..beingdiscovered
and promotedby
success
o{
the
Arctic
Monkeys
demonstrated
that
oneof the big recordlabels,the grouphadmade
thp
potential
loss
n(on
of
e
when
oeop
e
it (4) . ............-..
theirown;recording
theirown
downloaded
songs(13)........
..........
thanbuyng
materlaandfreelydistributing
it viathe Internet.
them,
could
be
offset
by
the
increased
exposure
Musicfanshaddownloaded
the songs,realised
(14)
got
the
music
...................
a
result.
In
effect,
it
(5) . . ... ..goodtheywereandthenforwarded
was
worth
making
some
songs
freely
avaiable
rre 'les [o L-er friendroy means
of (6]
asa wayof generating
interestin othersfor
became
knownas'filesharing'.In (7) ......-....(15)
peoplehadto pay.
of
course,
-.....-........,
words,the groupSreputation
hadbeen
establshedvlaword-of-mouth.

|l$ill','*iilz

rr\l T r

' I!nng

_r,

Exam focus
(Part1)
Paper5 Speaking:
conversation
About the exam:You take the speaklngtest with
a partner.Thereare two examiners,one who
spaksto you (calledthe InterlocLrtor)
and one
,,rhojust listens(the Assessor).
n the first part of the interviewyou and your
partnerwill be askedquestionsin turn by the
nter ocutor.Thesequestionswill be about you,
.nd what you think about cearainthings Some
ryp carroprcsare:
. wnere you rome trorn
. your home and family
. your hobbiesand intere5ts
. your futurc p ans
. ho idaysand travel.
You shouldtry to give as much detail as possble,
b!t rcnomber that your partneral5o ha5to
spcak!Try to relax,and enjoy the intervicw

Listento part of an interviewDo you think

both candidates:

. sad enough?
Whatelsecouldtheyhavesaid?
. gaveinterest
ng answers?
Howcouldtheyhave
madethemmoreinteresting?

1 Work in a groupof three.StudentAisthe

interlo(utorAskStudents
B and C the
queslions
belowin turn.Afteryou haveasked
and an5wered
dis(uss
al lhe queslions,
whetherStudents
B and C:
. gaveenoughdetai
. gaventerestng answers
. coud mpfovethe answers
theygave.
1 Doyouenjoystening
to therado?Why?/
Whynot?
2 Do\ou lh nt rd re q .drrlo' ' r . ^owdd"v'
mprovng or gettingworse?
3 Whichdayof the weekdo youenjoymost?Why?
4 Whatdo you ke doingwhenyoureax?
5 Whatkindof jobwou/dyou iketo do in the
luture?
youmostiketo vist?
6 WhichcoLrntry
woLJld
you couldaskeach
2 Thinkof sixotherquestions
other,and writethem down.Changerolesand
askand answeryourquestions.

Grammar 2: verb tenses(perfect

aspect)
I Lookat thissentence
from the text about
file 5haringon page12.Whicheventhappened
f;rst?Howdo you know?
Musicfanshad dawnlaadedthe sangs,realisedhaw
good thp\,wercand tnen[a,^ardedrhef'|es
2
1 Completethe sentencesusingcontracted
forms (e.9.He3 not He has).
(be)crazyaboutlazzevers ncehewas
1 He
fiveyearso d.
2 They. .. . (flnish)
r.akingthefi m in aboutsix
monlnstme.
3 Bythe t melord of theRlngscameout on DVD,
(5ee)tthreetmes.
4 !thinkI
Gro)tothatexhb tion,butl cant
aememoer
wnen
2 Namethe tenseyou haveusedin eachgap,
and matchthemto the correctdescription.
a) a stalebegnnn9 n thepastand eadingupto the
present
b) an eventat sornetime n past- not exacty
specifed
c) somethn9 that happened
beforea g ven
past
t me/date/event
n the
d) someth
nq thatwrl or shoud becompleted
by a
specifed
timein thefuture
3 Eachof these5entences
hasa mistakewith
verbs.Findthe mistakes
and correctthem.Use
contractedtorms,
1 AfterI wastherefor two years,I decidedto eave
themusic
school.
2 Bythetimeshetnineteen,
she'lbeawayfrom
years
homefor hr'r'o
3 | th nk that losegoesto the footballgameevery
weeklastmonth.
4 Healwaysenloysmusc froma veryearyage.
5 Bythe endof Decernbet
I finishmycourse.
6 ShevisitsNewYorkeverysumrner
s nceherfriend
movedthere.
Watch Out! Contactions
3 (has) we usethisafterpronouns
anda so
afterpropernames.He3llom3
'velhave),'d (had)and'//( /, we usualyony
usetheseallerpronouns,
notpropernames.

tjNIT r

Tunng n

Simplev continuousform
r 3,
verbsin the
1 Highlightthe perfectcontinuous
below.Thencompletethe
setsof sentences
lastsentencein eachset,usinga perfect
continuousverb in the correcttense- past,
presentor {uture, u5econtractedforms.
Example:
A ReP.ee!24haF-ir
.
1 l'vebeenbuyingCDsoff the tnternetfor years
now
2 She'lhavebeengoingoutwithChrlsforthree
yearssoon.
all that year
3 l'abeen golnglga)Io Ihe gymregularLy
B
to earn
1 I'vebeenwolk n9 asa wa tressrecently
to llveon.
enoughmoneY
Beforeshemovedintothe house,she
(sta, n a smallmotel.
...........
...........
1 We'dbeentryingto sortout the castingof the film
for sometimebythen.
We'vebeen ookingfor the rightpersonto playthe
partfor agesnow
We . ................... (work)on locationlor sx
months
bythet mewe finishthefilm.
D
for thewholeseason,
1 JuliowllLhavebeentraining
so he'l be ookng ft.
allnl9ht,andshehadbig
she'dbeenstudying
circles!nder hereyes.
realyhard,and it
..... ...(practlse)
Zoe.............
shows.

of workingin the movles

1 Tomhadbeendreaming
for yearswhenhe got the role.
with the
2 SheSbeenhopng io get an interview
Last
six
months.
directorfor the
(t^la/t)
heretor an hoursoon.
3 | ......
not bewronqi{ you usea simple
Youwill usLrally
form,bul the
form insteadof a continuous
you
formoftenhelps to communicate
continuous
yourmeaningmoree{fectively.

,.liiiiiii:irula

one
abovedemonstrates
2 Eachset of sentences
useof the form of the verb. Matcheachset to
the usebelow,andthen writethe usein the
spaceabovethe correctset.
habitA
Repeated
Results
apparentlater.....
actvrtyoTState. .....
Temporary
. .....
Durationemphasised
Incomplete
actron.......
(i{ any)doesthe change
4 What difference
maketo the following
from simpleto continuous
pairsof sentences?
1 a) l'veboughtsomenewclothes.
b) I'vebeenbuyng somenewclothes.
2 a)colin'slivingin London.
b) Colinsbeenlivingin London.
a)They'dbeenwatchingtelevsionbeforethey
beforetheywentout
b) Theywatchedtelevislon
we
I
lately.
haven't
felt
very
a) |
b) | haven'tbeenfeelingverywe I lately.
5 a)l'llhavefin shedbysixo'clock.
b) l'llfinishbysixo'cock.
6 a) l'vebeento Paristhreetirnes.
b) lwent to Parlsthreetlmes
5 Readthe (ommentsfrom a musi(website
about recentcon(erts.completethem usingthe
correcttenseof the verbsin brackets.
presentperfectslmple,presentperfectcontnuous
pastperfectsimple,pastperfectcontinuous
perfectsimple,futureperfectcontinuous
JLrture
pastsimple,pastcontinuous

(/6tedt0rockmusic
l0rmanv
|(1) ...........................
vears
(94
in
concerls
(2)
l0
s.me
fanlaslic
.................
........
|
(g0)
(3)
...
......
h
....
......
.......
.....
andnineties,
but
theeiqhhes
y0arsunlillastweek.I wasgladI did- the
onelorsveral

:;:i.1ffi,&itgwE&ffi.i*qn*gi#itixffi:l*l
ihequality
0t mushhasdeclined
l'maliaidtat in myopinion
long
belore
bands
rccenfly,
andI hopit won'ttake
(/eatt
(4)........
lessons
of
$e
nerelodav,
........
..
he
.....
gonetomofiow'popihat llhink (5). ............... .
\rutn)
music.By2020| wanth hearcuttingedgebandslhat b]/
................(p/a)4goodmusicfor at least
rnen(6)....

LNIT r

'Tlequeuelo buytickelswasridiculols- 1.llhan

I afiived
peophO
(srrna)nrie ran andone
man
.. (warl)r0roversix
toldmelhathe(8)
then
hou'!.lfL're
bandwallpeople
t0coreto heirconcerts,
llreyvegotl0lmprcve
ftenorlanisalion.

6 Workwith a partner.Findan exampleof

something
that:
. you'vebothbeendo ng a lot ately
. you'lbothhavedonebyteno'clock
tonight
. you'dbothdoneby the timeyouweretwelve
. you'vebothenjoyedtoday
. you'vebeenhopn9 to do for ages,but havenot
doneyet
. youbothhopeyou'l haveachievedn the next
ten years
Useperfecttenses(simpleand continuous)
as
appropriate.
p.197(16)
l0 Grammarreference

Writing:draftingandorganising
(P a rtl)
Aboutthe exam:Paper2, Part1 isa compusory
task,and you mayhaveto write a letter,an
article,a proposal
or a report.Thinkcarefully
aboutwhat kindof text you haveto writeso
that you choose
the rightstyleof anguageto
use.Youwill be giveninformation
to baseyour
writingon;thit will be in the form of one or
moreshorttextswhichmaybe annotated.
You
sholrldreadthe textscare{ully,
and usethe
informationand notesappropriately
to.omp ete
the task,
'| What do you find mostdifficult to do when
you write?Readthesestatements
and decide
how importantyou thinkthey arewhenyou
youranswers
write in English.
Thendiscuss
with a
partner,givin9yourreasons.
1 rnustrernember
who amwrtingto, andwhat
overal mpression
mywrlt n9 wi I haveon them.
2 shoud makea planbefore
wrting,andtryto
connectmy deasclearly.
3 | don'tneedto worryaboutspelingandgramnar
mistakes
when wrte.

-tunf9 in

I shouldtry to uselotsof differentgrammatical

Structures
andwords.
get
paragraph
I haveto
ng and ayoutright,and
makesurethe anguageisa wayssuitabe for whal
I amwriting.
2 In Paper2 yourwritingmaybe assessed
on
the followingcriteria:
a) organisation,
coherence
andLrse
of Inkingwords
b) accuracy,
includ
ng grammatspeIng and
Punctuation
c) rangeof vocabulary
andgrarnrnaT
d) consste"(v dnddporopr,d.y
of . tye d^d regrsre'
e) effecton targetreader
Matchthe statementstrom Exercise1 to the
assessment
criteriaabove,
3
Youare goingto writea letterof complaint
abouta film. First,dis<uss
with
thesequestions
a partner.
Whatkindof filmdo youthinkissutablefof a
famrly
audence?
Whatwouldyou normally
expectto find n a f lm
(hidren?
aimedat younger
Whoseresponsibilty
do youthinkit isto monitor
the filmsyoungch ldrensee?
Readthe followingwritingtask,and underline
the threethingsthat you haveto do in your
lettea
Yourschoolis raisingfundsby showingfamily
films at weekends.Youtook your young
cousinto seea film therelastweekend,but
were disappointed.Readthe advertisement,
the reviewand your notes.Write a letter to
the schooloutliningthe reasonswhy you were
disappointed,your cousin'sreactionto the
film, and suggesting
what shouldbe done.

o*r"r
p m.e tfrtt titmtttl,
San[aay'6
*'itter

coneav
iilli. aLaciio*pay'ea

mn::*lr"jffi:;ru:";:
liunr
;ne arefun(! andenjolable
intera'r
a
shori
dne J hqfs, with

SS
p"opf"y'rr*, i." cr""nr ri"tto

lNlT I

T u nn qi .

The acting is excellent

throughout. A.lthough the
plot is complex, and
Suitable
sometimes coDfusins.it is
or nor? --\
-\!e\er. anOaOull.Itowevef,
lh-humour is black,ano nol
to everyone's taste.The
special effects are intense
with images that could be
hard to foryet.These might
give children nightmares.
\
Write your letter in 180-220words.

theyaAI

:xqE
'l Formallettersshouldusually
follow a similar
pattern.Putthe sections
belowinto an
appropriate
orderfor a formalletter Each
sectionshouldosuallyhavea separate
paragraph.
n
n
n
n

anyrequests
for action,or further
informaton
expanat'o^/ca. trcaro_ ol rherrtuatron
furthersupport
ngdetais
reason
for wrting

2 Readthe letteron page191whichwas

written in answerto the task,and answer
the questaons.
1 Hasthe writerfo lowedthe orderyouchose?
2 Hasthe writerincudedal the lnformation
in the
notes?
3 Whatorderhasthewrter chosento usethe
intormation?
4 Hasthe writeruseda varietyof linkingwords?
5 Howhasthe wrrterexpanded
the polntsabout
a)the pracUcaprobemsb)the suitability
of the
t lm?
6 Whatstye hasthewrter used?
7 Doesthe answerdealwith all the pointsequally?
f not,why not?
TIP! lt is not necessary
to includeeverypoint
mentionedin the notesas longasthe taskis
achieved.
Youshoulddecidewhat is important
to includeand how to useit.

icffi

il,,E;To helpyou think aboutthe organisation

of
the letter.completethe plan of the content
beloWaddingusefullinkingwordsand phrases
from the answer.
Openingparagraph:
Reason
for wrting
Information
included:
Linkingphrases:
/ am M,,4tm9
to . .
Secondparagraph:
........
....problems
Information
included:
Linkingphrases:
F/rstt ...;. ..................
......
.....
: an bp of that ...
Third paragraph:more
proorem5
Informatron
ncluded:

Finalparagraph:
Informaton
ncluded:

15 Lookat the writingtaskon page188.

7:. Usingthe modelin Exer(ise
4, and the plan
in Exercise
5 to guideyour planningand drafting,
write your own answerto the task.
::8.iExchange
your letterwith a partner
Evaluate
eachother'swork,usingthe checklist
naveyou:
n
n
!
n
!
n
n
!

included
all the pointsnecessary
for the
targetreaderto be nformed?
expanded
the notesappropratey to achieve
thetask?
youransweEnto loglca
organised
pa.agraphs?
,n\i'g wo oso. p ,dses
aop.op'iate
"spd
avordcd
copyngo'g p.rdse-o. (e le_(es
tromthe inputtexts?
y the I ght numberof
wriitenapproximate
usedan appropriate
style(n thiscase,
formal)?
usedyourgrammarcheckistto avoio
mistakes?
> Writing referencep.199

UNIT

1 Choosethe correct connector to complete

:he letter of complaint.

(1) In the fist place/ At once,when I

alrked therwas no rcod of my
reservation (2) desprr/ euenthough t had
phonedto confirm that very morning.
(.3)SeLondly/ HaaeDer.thetableI had
askedfofwas alreadytakn,andI had to sit
at a table naf the door (4) eDen/ in spite
olthe fact lhat I specificallyarked to be
nearlhe fire.(5) Fdrhemore / Since,\he
m-nu wib ,'"r ri,1"d,Jnd I $ds r,Irble I
havemy lirst choice of meal.
(6) Tosum up / finally.\NhenI wasgiven
the bill tbe coverchargof 55 was
fcrrwhat had been very poor
excessjve
IrealmenI.

Review

| realy wishI wouldhavemoret m-oto studyl

Sheapologised
for beenlate.
goingto rockconcerts.
| amknowing
sheenjoys
get
| cant
usedto startworkeary n the
morningl
13 Shemanaged
to getto thetop of thetower
despiteof herfearof heights.
11 Mv pd.hprwonr "t Te ro gp-ou-o'doi^g
9
10
11
12

15 lf l'd haveknownshewasin town,l'd have

arranged
to meether
I6 They've
beenlivng n th s town sinceat least25
years.
17 He'sa suchhardworkerthat he! sureto do we I
games
l8 Computer
area ot morecheaper
now
lhantheyusedto b-..
t9 lfoundthe{ilmabsoutelyterrfied.
ro bp.ore a.a7zn.ricran
20 He'n ql t d"c,ded
(]singlhe correct
3 Completethesesentences
form of the word in capitals.
1 Theshowwasextremely
. ... ....for al the famlly
E N JOY

Isuggestthatyou think aboutthe way you

(7) os /
treatregularcLrstomers,
rattscqunt'th
rhpvmdywcll\^le w.lh lhrrr
fcetard go clsewherl

2 Eachof thesesenten.es
hasa difJerentbasic
grammatical
mistake.
Findthe mistakes
and
corredthem.Thencheckyouranswers
with a
partner,
I We go neverout to the theatreanymore rt's
too expens
ve
2 Wherearet ckets?
| putthenrnmywalet,bLrt
they'renottherenow
3 Couldyoute I mewhethers thereanother
c nemain thistown?
4 Thenewartscenlreareveryn ce I really
lke it.
5 Thatsihe boywho brotherplayed
footbalwith
asa chld.
6 Thetourst boardgaveus otsof informations
alloutthecrty
youl tai your
7 tln essyoudon'twork harder,

.^mn:n!
n6a.la.l
i^
ii(
. . -.n/^.6
---0 u ' e s a5
therewasno consistency
in ts approach.
Tha

STANDARO

3 Thewinnerof the lotterymadea big ... ... . to

chafltyDoNATE
4 lf e e lv e ry
t h a t wl d o we lin t h e n e x t
IntervrewHOPE
5 Manyceebriteshavebenefted
from
sponso15hip
deals.
F|NANGE
6 There
wasa very. ..
d scuss
on aboutthe
rssues,
whichedto a possib
e ong-term
souton
P R OD U C E

7 The tact that he neverwon a 90 d rneda was a

qreat
to the athlete.DtSAPPotNT
.t'noo'ldn
8
-or to \how an,rlign or
part
when taking
in compettiveactivites.
WEAK
I Theideathat the companywouldcut salareswas
seenas
. by the workforce.OI,TRAGE
10 t seemsto be qLrite
nowadaysfor TV
presenters
to receiveenormoussalaries.
AccEPT
11 Manyyoungchidrenfoundthe fim
even
tholrgn rt was on y a cartoon.FRIGHT
12 Shefoundthe positveendng to the f lrn
ncredlby .....UPLlFT

8 We consderedto go to the conceri,but we fe t

roo l leo.

17

UN

;1-.i',l
'I;,ii,ir:!t,i:

l'-,!41

Listening 1
1
1 lmaginethat you won the fo lowing amountt
of Toiev Whdi woLld you do r ed( r , dse)

50

500

5 000

2 lmaginethat you wanted to savethe same

amountsof money.How would you do t?
What might you savethe moneyfor? Why?
a I ashynew car desgnerclothet
a personal
deveopmeft course
the laten mpl player yourretremenr
an exoticho iday a donaton to charity
a rainyday anythinge se?
3 Discuss
thesequestions.
I Areyou a spenderor a saverby na:-re:
_
2 How easydo you i nd t to savemcnr
\ALa r'd o lh o .. \o,_L d. J .

18

2 Listento part of a radio programmeabout

5pendng and savingmoney.Answerthe
qr.restions.
I \\lrat po nl dors the ernmpe of thl .offcc
2 \'\'halbroaderpo nt 5 the speaker
makiIg?
I \lho do yo! agree$/ th, the seJ helpexpertsof
thc \'!fi1er?

Now lstento a psychoogist on the

programme.5he divldespeop e who are
spen0ersInto three groups:
1 sleepwalkers2 statusseekers 3 scrimpers
Listenand decidewhich type of spenderwould
make eachof the comment5(A-F).
co! dn't tel you how riuch | 5penttoday.

B I inow that je\,veery keepsits ,,,aue, blt 1! hard

to spendso muchat once
Basia;ry, lllst buy lvhatever want
the pr Cetag

never ook dt

Speaking:givingopinions

has,so
There
arecertain
thingswh ch everybody
l'd hateanyone
to thinkthatI couldn't
affordthe
latest
fashons.
F 'm goodat saving,
blt I do iketo 9o on the

About the exami In Paper5, Pad 3, the

nterlocutora5k5candidatesto completea
problemsolvingtask.This invo ves looklng at
leveral pictureswhich provide deas{or the task

2 Whichof the comments

do you agreewith?
I Listento an interlocutorsettinga task,and
Do you knowanysleepwalkers,
statusseekers )
- look at the pictureson these paqes.What two
or scrimpers?
things do the .andidateshave to do?

'| Now listento a continuation

of the same
programme.
Whatadvicedoesthe speaker
givefo. peoplein eachof the threegroupsin
Exercise
3?
youranswers.
2 Compare
Whichadvicedo you
thinkwasthe mosthelpful?What advice
wouldyou give?
in the box
5 Lookat the wordsand phrases
Whichare
that comefrom the recordings.
Listen
associated
with a) savingor b) 5pending?
againto check.
nterei

consp
cuousconsumpton
,or . \

i. a

nr

t r lCas h

a soundinvestment a nestegg a treat

to economise in the red shopaholc
getthroughmoneylke water on impulse
put it awayfor a rany day a 'must-have'
tem

2
)

1 Lrltento two studentsbeginning the task.Do

they describethe prctures?Why?Ar'r'hynot?

2 Listenagain,and makea noteof any phrases

lney use10:
. grvetheirown oplnon
. asktor ther pannerlopinion
. agree
withtheirpartner
. disagree
with theirpaftne.
3 Nowwork with a partnerand completethe
task.Discu5s
eachpicturebe{orerea(hin9a
decision.
4 15thereanythingelsethat you think is more
importantthanthe thingsin the pictures?

..l
I

tl\IT

Spendit or save t

Exam focus
Paper1 Reading:multiple
choice(Part1)
Aboutthe exam:Paper1 isthe
partof the examwhereyour
readingistested.Thereare
{our partsto the whole test,
and it lastsone hourand
filteenminutes.
Youmust
decidehow longyou spendon
eachpart,and you must
transJer
all youranswers
to the
answersheetwithinthe time
lim it.
In Part1 of the Readingpaper
you will haveto readthree
shortpassages,
Thepassages
will all be on a theme,and will
includedifferenttypesol text.
You haveto answertwo
questions
multiple'choice
on
eachtext - andthesewill focus
on differentthingsin the text,
{or example;
the writer's
purposeor opinion,the styleof
writing,the meaningof certain
wordsand phrases,
etc.
Suggestedprocedure
1 Readthe firsttext to get an
ideaof what it isaboutand
how it isorganised.
2 Readboth of the questions,
highlightingkeywordsand
phrases.
3 Findthe placein the text
whereyou thinkthe answer
is located.
Readthat pair of the text
very carefullyand choosethe
Readthe whole text again to
make sureyour answerfits
the senseof the passage.
60 on to the next text,

give
TIP! Somequestions
linenumbers
to helpyou
find the place- but you still
needto readthe wholetext.

{::rai:i,;lrilzo-

li'il You are going to readthree extractswhich are all concerned

in someway with money.Forquestions1-6, choosethe answer(A,
B, C or D) which you think fits bestac(ordingto the text.
EXIMCT FROMA SELF-HELP
AAAK

A CISE SIUDY:IEUSSA
Melissa
eams
t2l,000oeryear
dstl-eDAtoa Sales
Dreclor
ala rage
internalional
company
inLondon.
Shevesnearby
n a 'laLsle relEwitl
herbestliiend,Sarah.
Theflatcoststhem!450 Dermonlheach.Meissa
isa likeable,
psrson
bubbly
whoisabokuown
to beverygoodat herjob,
problem
punctuality
5 Allhough
shehasa slight
wlth
andissomet
mes
fo|gettul,
sheisgenerally
lorolvenforhershodcomings
because
ofher
stylish
dresssense
andpersonatity.

[Ielissa
willbelhefksttoadmt,however,
thatherpelsonal
le s a
complete
disaster,
especially
ontheflnancialfront
Sheabsolulely
loves
10shopping
andhasaccumulated,
and!sed,a lolol cfedit
cafds,
Everyone
seemed
to wantto lndhefmoney
andshebought
a caf,wenton
holidays,
lurnbhed
herilatandshopped
tillshedropped
- alon
borowed
money.0n
lheshopping
ffont,
shereluctanty
adrnits
thatbeing
scaltyanddisoanised,
sheconstantly
buysthlngsthalshedoesn't
rs really
need
andnever
reallythlnks
about
whatshespends
hermony
on.
Shespends
lotsoncosmelics,
shoes
andclothes,
butshehasnothing
to
show
lorit because
a lotofit lscheapjunk.
Massively
indobti,trelissa
avoids
opening
herbankorcredit-card
stalemenh
because
thesightof
lhemgetsherdown.
Shehasnosavings
ataI andfrequenty
borrows
20 money
fromhermumthatshehasnohopeofpayin!back
'| In the firstparagraph,
we aretold that IVleissahasprobems
gainingthe respect
of herco leagues.
B dealingwith a falrlydemanding
workload
keepingon top of somedetaiedaspects
of herwork.
D maintaining
the professionai
appearance
demanded
by herjob
In the secondparaqraph,
we earnthat l\,4elssa
A makessomeattemptto planhefspending.
B is unconcerned
aboutherfinancialpogiton.
C hasbeentryingto economise
n hershoppng.
D isawarethat shemaynot aLways
spendwiseiy

I T0LLOW
FASHION
rin a tar
' VENTH0UGH
''; from slavishway),thereis no phrasethat
6ma}es
me recoilmorelhan must.hdve.
lf
readthat X boolsor the latestY shadeshavebeen
my immediate
decreed
to be the latest'musthaves',
rpdflionis mutinj. lvby musrI havelhem: Why
shouldI humiliatemyselfto goon a waitinglist for
this supposedly
desinbleitem?lMostof all, why
shouldI fall for the designer's
manipulative
tactics,
$hich are inlcndcdonly lo swellhis or her bank
balance
at theexpense
of mine?Iar moresatisfying
s o popinlo theclolhesshopsIn myloralmalland
buya copy0f saiddesiSner\Searfor a tenthof th
price.Wajtinglists?HuhlTheyleformugs.
klually.dcsignerbrandsin generalare for mu8s.
Theyare for popletoo insecure
to trusttheir own
people
lasle.These
calculaie
lhat everlthingwith a
certainlabelmustbe
cool,soshoppingthere
is a safe
you
ber.lf )ou shopin lhe mallby conlrasl. havelo
useyourdiscernment
outof
to findtheonegarment
great.Ifyou
goto
lhreethatloolc
a reallycheap
shop,
'he ratiois morelikeonein 20.Butboyis it wonhil.
Likespotting
alirdegoldnuggelin a muddy
riverbed.
rhclindghesrisel0 immensc
satisfa.li0n.
Whirhrs
why.a(.ordingro a surveypublished
Ihis week.Ihe
youngricharedeserting
designer
shopsfor secondrand slores and fleamarkets.They prefer to
'ummagefor oneoff bargainsthanlo wastetheir
moneyin someposhdepartment
store.

3 In th s article,
thewrter s
question
ngthequaityof desgner
cothes.
expa n ngtheconseqLrences
of folowing
Tasrl0n.
encourag
ng peope to deveop theirown taste
n c olnes.
reportng on waysto obtan designer
c othesat
goodpr ces
paragraph
4 Whichphrasen thesecond
reinforces
theideathatthereis'mmense
saiisfaction'
to be
gained
fromsometypesof shoppng?
A shopping
thereisa safebet(lne 18)
R

.a !^

'r;

( . 6 r n m a ni

L illir ir in st h r o u g lr a M a g
d .o r" r ' 8 ied- ' ' lo go so
.., me hooD,ae,.
a d
ta a d -r-d
i'
"r "ad f'
,.-i
'p "t
".0
d n d 'b r c " " e e ; l , r e-n".1
r d ( ) v , L o r 5 J m i r g o r p d r 'o G

I ",.,''.'.'''-,.0o, i '
.;""i",^rr.r
'o/^"

orF Da' -s^\' lae

^'r'r
t t 01 ]e 'ooD-g
^
'""'r..a*"ooo
"",*
s ppinga nrugof home-made
*n. *""it . * n
eventouchedet
."i*.f"yl"g ni."n"'*t' v"u havenever
tnec onl
alone
lols v
"'"e",
*a ,herc'sittng aone buvrnga ndl't
i.-J;".
,.

;':?::i-*'..'i::
I"'::',""i
;:ll*:mn:r"*:5
-Le
o or-c edlcd'o o
,*'"t,"'''f""i'
u-_'""d-e
o'o, '-" pa_ o crold pa'l-ga'o'o'e
o-r', ,nopp,"g
.,- .' ,!e ar' o orerc ard 5oca naee
;":; ";,' ;;"
-:'.
morevuLnerabe
ut teasr'
unJyo, o.",pot"ntiurrv

**

....-

-.*--*doesthe wrlter mplyby the phrase'trends

5 What
(lne2)?
n friends'
A sheworries
aboutkeepng upwitha changnq
socralscene.
placemuchimportance
B Shedoesn't
on the
oplnon! of others.
C Shefearsthatherfriends
maybed sJoyal
in her
aosence.
D Shedoesn't
meetherfriends
unessshegoes
shoppng

6 Thewordit in ine 10 refersto the writer!

A experience
of onineshopping
B reason
for d s ikingonlneshoppng.
C wishto trythingson before
buynq them.
D needfor advcewhenchoosing
th ngsto buy
2 Thefollowing extractscomefrom the texts.
Do you agreewith them?Why?Ar'r'hy
not?
. ... shecanstantly
buysthingsthat shedoesn'treally

/ n a ,n '

C boy s t worth it ( ine22)

D rummage
for oneoff bargans(ine28)

. Actually,designerbrandstn genetalare for mug9

. Fat me, shappingis a sacialthing.
21

Grammar1: definingandnondefinino relative

clauses
1
1 Whichsentence;n
eachpair below
containsa relativeclausethat gives
. essentalnformatlon
abouta nounT(defining
relatve c ause)
. extrainforrnaton
be
abouta noun,butcoLrld
(non-def
omitted?
iningrelative
clause)
phones
1 a)Peop
e who usernobile
on trans
realy annoyme.
b l ,e 1dn."\hospo<e_ l'elch. -(ed rr\
mobe phoneal through
thejourney.
gave
hlsmoney
to charty,
which
2 a)Theman
he prefefrcd
b)Themangaveh s money
to thecharity
whlchhe prefered.
is
wuose,at9 n -p^rra,Londo-.
J a\ V/ sisrer
a cnaTry
worKer
London.
b) Mys ster,whosef at sLncentra
s a chartyworker
2 Complete
the sentences
aboutdefining
and non-def
iningrelativeclauses.
from
1 .. ... . reatlveclauses
areseparated
the restof the sentence
by commas
2 In bothdefinn9 andnon-defn n9 reatrve
rl ,,K A .,& 6

.6

3 In non-defining
clauses
we canusewhrcbwith
other wh- words.Rewritethe sentencesusingwhlch
and anotherwh- word,
Example:
I wentto Pars astmonth,and/t wasther that I met my
newboss.
I went to Pars asl .:lonIh, .fii.c! v4?-..vben."reIny
newboss.
1 shegaveme herernaI address,
andthat wasthe way
we managed
to contactherlater.
2 | spentthemoneyon a newcal as hada waysp anned
to do.
3 Herfacewasred,andthat wasthe waywe knewshe
wasupset.
4 Heleftat six,andthatwa5thet meshearrved.
5 Theactorforgoth s words,andso at that morrentthey
brought
thecurtain
down.
6 I hada holdayn span, andlhatwastheplaceI leafned
I O S Wm

4
1 Readthe text quicklyandtind:
a) two reasons
whyceebritessLrpport
charites
b) howcelebrty
endorsement
of a charitys'mutualy
benefc a '

What'sin a nam?

{ ^r
^6^^16:..i

... .... ..for things

3 ln
relative
c ausesthe relative
pronouns
who and whlchcanbothbe
repacedby thal.
pronoun
4 .. ... .. sa possessive
relatve
and
canony be usedbeforea nolrn
2 Rewritethe sentences
usingwhele or
wher.Thencompletethe rulebelow.
' jr e rc"oolal ,^rr.hlf <- sr-ded [,o-orr(s
wasln London
2 Wednesday
isthedayof theweekon wh ch I
atwaysnavea mee ng
in Romeat whichI met
3 t wasa conference
myfuturehusband.
4 Twoo'c ock s the t meat wh ch I a ways
havea cupof coffee.
With relative
clauses
of p aceandtime,use
whereor h/hennsteadof
!t',Grammarreferencep.196(13)

Behind every modern-daycelebrily there is a network

(l) ......
.. . . is whai helpslhem to mainiaintheir image.This
nel w ork.oul di ncl udeanageni ,ananage r , apef t onal
lainer
and a lull-time asislant, and quite ofteo there is also a
lignifi(ant other (2) - ..- .., may have similar clebrity
stalus.But equallv imponaDtio celebrilis nowaclaysis the
panicularcharityio (3) .... . ..... lh celebdiychoosesto give
IinaDcialaDdpromotionalsupporl.
This is becauseit is involvementwith chadties(4) .. ..........
oflers celebritie the potential for image and caleel
enhancement.(5) -. .- - is an opportunity not to be
mised.Of couEe,iheirmoiilriion is good,butit is alsouseful
il the public lbink of a celebdry noi just as a beauliful
pe6on,but as someone(6) ........... . is willing to sharesome
of iheir good fodunewith olhers.
The thing (7) .............. also makes celebrity-charity
relatioNhipsvery positiveis the fact tbat they are mutually
benelicial.Peopleattendinga charity event (8) - - , ,
celebrib;is prent will rememberit and may then supporl
the chanly ftemehs. A charity (9) .......... publicity
includes pictures ol a celebrit/ will encounge more
sponsors,many ol (101
will ihen want lo donate
more money-to lhetr cause

L\lT:5pendto5aet

Sell your stuff online 2 Readthe text again,and compete

the gapsusinga relativepronoun.
5
I Choose
two items{rom the list
below'Writedownone exampleof
. a lnrnqyouuseevery
oay
. ;n objectyoucoudn'tlvewthout
. a chartyyouwoud lke to suppoft
. a t meof dayyouenjoy
. a perod of theyearyou ikebest
2 Nowwork with a partner.Define
but
eachword usingrelativeclauses,
do not u5ethe word itself.Your
partnermustguessthe word.
Example:
It'ssarnelhing
whtchI usefar contacttng
6 Discuss
thesequestions,
' Doyouth nk t s irnportant
109 ve
money
to ch.rty?
: Whatlypesol frnd ra5ingevenls
do
)
yoLr
lh nk aremostsuccesrfu

w i t h o u t t h e h a s s le l
lt seemsto be a tearlre ol taa.r,i \O) tntgryav4v soc e1ythal we acclmulate
(1) .. ... lhat !,redo not rea y nso mpuse buysand (2) . . . .. qijls beg n
lurn
lo c ltter up our homes a.d cblcisihat beganas asource of(3)
nto a solrce oi irlstrator Toogood Io plt n the b n or donate10a charty
s h o p thesetemsare ql i l e (4)

.l l sl n thew ay

(5) .... .. .. . But as

On ne auctons such as eBay provde a ready'n-rade
goods
w
ho
has
tred
l
l
know
s
onl
i
ne
i
s(6).
..... easy
a n yone
bLryj ng
ng bus ness.You
whereassellinglhen can be a comper and time consLrm
phol
os
(7)
i
tems
i
rom
n e edl o l akedrgrta
ol the
a
otanges wr t ean
enlcng descrplion lo allracl(8).
... bclclers,negolat nsurancecosls
and thenqueueup al lhe posl oflicelo despatchthe th ng t hardy comesas a
surprse therelorelo earnthal over90%oi alclion usersare buyersralherlhan

Erter a oew breedol servce provder the on lne aucton iaci tator.wiro n reiurn
lor a (9)
or lhe sale prce as (10)
w do a the workfor you
Basicay. yo! ilsl lake lhe lh ng you wantlo se lo themand theydo the rest.

Use of English: word

f ormation(Part3)
1 Workwith a partner.Discuss
these
questrons,
I HaveyoLreverl
in anonlneaucton)
a) bouqhtanything
b)soldanythng n an onineauctron?
2 Whataretheadvantage5
and
d sadvantaqes
of buying
andreI nq
th ngs n th s way?

Readthe text. Do not worry about

the missingwords {or the moment.
What doesthe writer sayabout a)
sellingand b) buyingonline?What
solutionto possibleproblemsdoes
the writer suggest?
Readthe text again.Usethe word
given in capitalsbelow the text to
form a word thal {its in the
numbered9ap. There i5 an example
at the beginning(0).

O THROW
l POSSESS
2 WANT
3 PLEASE
4 FRANK
5 SOLVE

5
7
8
9
10

REMARK
VARY
POTENT
PERCENT
coMMtT

3 Wouldyou eveTusean onlineauctionfacilitator?

23

I'NIT :

Spend r or 5aver

Vocabulary1: compound
adjectives
1 Mat(h.the two partsof the compound
aolecttves.
ot0
a) fetched
2 seif
b) fashioned
3
c) headed
d) centred
5
e) term
6 long/short
f) produced
7 tevel
g) made
8 qurck
h) minute
I so
i) standing
1 0 long
j) tiqht
1 1 ma5s
k) called
12 SelT
l) witted
2 Whichof the compoundadjectivesyou.ve
createdmight describea) a personb) a plan
c) an idea d) a thing? Someadjectivesfit in
morelnan one category
.jit: Complete
the sentences
usingcompouno
adjectives
from Exercire
i.
1 Hemadea . ...........decision
to takethe ioo,ano
onlyjust notifiedthe company
in time.
2 Theeconomist
Wasa Very.................
man,not
IncInedto get over-excited
by unexpected
oevetopment5,
3 /t wasa very................
idea- completely
impractical
andunworkablel
4 Mariawasa very...............
..personwho never
thoughtabouthow otherpeoplemiqhtfeel.
!jl!S Work with a partner Underlinethe full
collocation(compoundadjectiveand noun)and
explainwhy the lastpart of the sentencet5
wrong. Suggesta correctversion.
TIP! A compoundadjectivemay or may not be
hyphenated,so look carefullyat all groupsof

/ havea longstandlngagreement
with Annato
buythe fat we decrded
yesterday.
I boLrght
a mass-produced
car_ l,rnverypleased
with rt, because
its completely
unique.
Sheta veryquickwittedperson- it takesherirges
to thinkof a reply.

Sg++is4

Thisisa completely
airtightcontainer,
so vouhave
to be carefulthat food doesn'tgo dry n ihe a r
Hewasa totallyself-made
milonare- hestarleo
with a loanfrom hisparents.
Q

:4 fistento the five

shortextra(ts.
Which
speaKer
mentrons:
I a Short-term
pan made?
2 a last,minute
dectsion
reached?
3 a longstanding
agreement
broken?
4 a long-term
strategy
followed?
5 a so-called
expeftprovedwrong?

.:i5:
1 Manycompoundadjedives
are madewrrn
prepositjons_
Choosethe bestalternativeto
completethe adjectivesin thesesentences.
Example:
lfs dangerous
to dnvelast,n b"1r-up/ offa.eas
ol
ctltes.
1 shewastoo harddown/ up to buyexpens
ve new
clothes
2 Aftera longpe.od of nardwo.Kand ooo.steeo,
I wasreelngveryrun-out / dow, andquitei i.
Compensation
givenfor accident
or iniuryisoften
iusra ane-aff / down payment,
and notin
Incorne.
4 I'm so tired- l'vebeenworkingso hardI'm worn
5 l\,4any
olderpeoplewho takecareof theirmoney
arewell-up / oflwhen theyretre.
6 People
who worktoo hardoftenget burntdow, /
oufwhentheyareyounq.
7 | gel sofedolf / up whenpoliticanstalkioo
mu c h l
2 Choosetwo sentences
that you agreewtrn,
and tell a partnerwhy you agreewith them.

Listening 2: multiplechoice
(Parr3)
theseqLrestions.
t|il Discuss
I Whenyou buyconsumer
qoodssuchaseiectrrca
goodsandclothes,do you:
a) Jookfor the bestvaue?
b) lookfor the bestquality?
c) lookto seewhatotherpeoplearebuylng?
2 Howdo youqet information
about:
a) how goodproducts
are?
b) whetherproducts
aregoodvaue or not?

tr\II

spendt or sale t

2 You will hear part of a radlo programmein

'.h ch a sociologist,
GraharnStyles,and a
the
cLrrnalist,
5allyGreengrass,
are discussing
:1ects of consumerism
in society.Choosethe
:nswer (A, B, C or D) which fits bestaccordingto
,,nar you near,
1 r re at on to the researchhe describes,
Grafrarf
lees
A lnsurewhat concusonsto drawfrom t
B d sappointed
at how unqratefupeopleseemed
the
c concerned
abouthow peope interpreted
que5ton5.
D unconvncedthatncreased
ncomeeadsto
conlenlmenl.
2 Grahamg vesthe exampe of a fr dgelo sirow
A conslrnergoodshavegoneup n pr ce
B peope haveunrealexpectat
onsofcon5umer
gooos

peope are nf uenced

by theconsp
cuous
conSumpl
on or 0lners
' o.u1

o go od \lhd

! \ ooo

now becomeessent
a 5.

o|.

- ' es ha. 6

Salyfees that the desre to own llxlry goodss

y re ated to rtatus
A not necessaT
B not as unlsua a5 Grahamth nks 1 s.
C not actuay reatedto per5onahappness
D not growng as nrlch as GrahamEU9qe3t9
probem
Accod ng to Graham,what s the n-rarn
that consumef
sm brings?
A peoplebecomng rnoreselfsh
B naturalresources
be ng wasted
prob
C envronmental
emsgettnq worse
D peop e gett n9 nto f nanca d ff cu lres
What po nt doesSa y makeaboulthe prodLrct
on
oi lxury goods?
A t s goodfor the economy
B t hasseena decinein qua ty.
C t haschangeda lot s ncethe 1950s
D t 9 not doingaswe I as il oncewa5.
Grahamfees that f:m ly ife is suffernq as a
resui ol
A the demands
of empoyers
B the effectsof the meda.
C the attiudeof ch ldren
D the con of basic tems.

3 Dlscuss
thesequestions.
1 Towhatextentdo youdesireluxurygoods?
goods,
2 Whenyoubuyconsurner
areyou nl uenced
by a)themediab)ceebrites?
3 Whodo youth nk s rght,Graham
or 5a y?
4 lmaginethat you are lookingfor a present
for a friendin yourtown. Discuss
a) what to buy
and b) whereto buy it. Thenthink aboutwhy
you madethesechoi(es.
Whatactuallyinfluenced
you most?

Vocabulary2: advertising
: n. l

m a rl z 6 + i n ^

1
'1 Think of an advertisementon televirion
you think is particularlysuccessful.
Which
of the following techniquesdoes it utet
Why do you think it is successful?
De5cflbe
it to your partner.Do you like it?
Why?ruVhynot?
mernorab
e jng e5 a continLJ
n9 story
ceebrites or famouspeople humour
moralJ!dgements
or standponts cartoons
bea!t fu scenery unusLJa
events
2 What lechniquesused in advertisementt
annoyyou? Why?
3 How do you think an advertisementon the
printed page works?What makesit
di{ferentfrom one on television?

1 Readthe title and text be ow Why does

the writer suggeststartingand finishing
the advertisementwith a clearmenta
image?

'ly advicc10polcntialad$ritcrs is rhis:

the li)lll\r,ingapproachthrt I hare
II )
alnnysli)und!'erycfccti!c.\lerrorableads
alsraysbesirr$,ith SoodopeDlnsliDesthat
1nr.()lr,c
thc rca.lcrimmediatel!Thcy
aDd
i.21. .. a !oe,e ulinitialmcDlalnnage.
dor'ilcav..readersin aD] doublaboutrlhal the\'
arcrcadi'rg.OK.thcscadsarenol greal
liLeralure,
becausc
thcir lurposejs to
the reader'sattentionirnncdjatellr
I 3I
I usc\rcrbs.because
they (4) . .
!i!id and
tibrant imagesto mind,bLrtI avoidrdjectnes.as
theserenrindpeoplcol poelrrrr\n effectnead
m*es a full circlc.and(51
$rirha rncntal
imrgethat isjust aseffectirasthc firstonc.Tnrs
ti.. r-dpe .. t{, (. lh. fu...a"J _, hl
the advertising
mcssagc
deepinlo peoples
memoryNhichmal{esit an effecti\scllinsrool

26

Grammar2: articles
1 How manybrandnamescanyou think of
'3r the following?
acffee leans hamburgers computers
jhoes bicycles orange
lu ce
2 Readthe text. What is the writer'soverall
:urpose?
. io ntroducethe conceptof branding
- io crticisethe spreadof brandn9

Thepower
ofthebrand
name
,',l1atis a brandr It's somethingthat ls specialjn some
. r\i sonreirhirgthat you can djstinguish irom other
:.,rducis of a similar nature, and jt usually has a
.recial name,illether it's a ca! a chain of lhstfood
i.irauranis ora pajr of j eans.The brandname.and the
lftign ofDackaging,will havcbcencarefullychosenio
thc spccialfeaturesof the producl.
-.ilcct
llt thc time you arrjve a! school or sork irr the
1or!1'rg, you willalready havebeenexposedto a huge
lmbcr of b$nds nd brandnanes.And thjs isn'ljust
, l p l n r olr c r or lr d" c d . L j y o u l rs n e d a r! a 4 o r
r'! i'r ihe world,you ilould be surprisedat hos man,
:,rtrljaf brandsyou'dsee.ln suchslntations.branding
rrn Drolide a senseol securily yei brand narnesalso
irle a huselinancialimlaci on theconsuner,irhomay
:riDk ihat saiisillciioncaDonly be obiainedby paring
;\na for a well.knownname,

r.; r t l
ta,t,.r-;J;M
3 Lookat the rulesbelowfor the useof
.rticles.Fillin eachgapwith an example
taken
expressions
in the text.
'.om the highlighted
',eusetheindelinitearticle(a/ar)for s nguar
::.rntabe noL.rns
.

r^1
l )".

^a

t an- o

. o^ l e F n g ro . l h e l .(,_ Ii ra

. \i/hent doesn't
person
matter
whichpartcular
or
th ng we arereferrng to. (2) ... ...
..e Lrse
thedefinitearticle(the)forsinguar and
:
countabe
nouns,
andwithuncountable
nouns
-Ta
. whensometh
n9 hasalready
beenmentoned
{l ) .
. \i/hen we a ready know from the context whrch
o " o no oba. I \ ba 9 -a f6 -a d ro ,1

. whenthefollowing
causemakestcearwhat
p 6 . o . o .L- 9 5 b er.gre[e.."d
to /5

. wnenon y onein ng or personexists

(6)
. in generaisairo-s\,"th s nguar countaD
e nouns.
l7)
We useno article (zero anide)
. in generaisations
wth pluraanduncountable
nounSwnenwe mean' a l' (8 ) . . .
. wnen we are TeteTT
ng to the generaluseo{ an
instrtutron
ratheathana pancllarp ace (9)

p.193(1)
: Grammarreference
4
Choose
the correctarticlein the text below
(0 = zeroarticle).

Promotingbrandnames
Whatis t that makesthe promoton of
(1)a/ 0 brandnamesuccessf!
? Advert
sements
p ayon
for (2)an/ 0 insurance,
for example,
our needto feelsafe;thosefor clothesmay
appealto our needto belongto (3)a / 0 group
or to have(4)the/ a desrableifestyle.
N,4any
brands
appeal
to whatwe woud lke to be
ratherthanwhatwe actualy are.Modern
advetrt_gpa'_r\rheprcr-re
of a' dea i'e
andyet(5)a / thewor d it portrays
st 1lfees
famLarl-deed.iharorF o'rFnou. (ef r.rage
matches
thatpromoted
by(6)a/ t) brand,
the
(7)the/ 0 brand
strongerand moresLtccessfu
rmage0ecomes.
2 Thereisa mistakewith the articlein each
highlighted
word or expression
in the
fol owingtext-Correctthe mistakes.

A S UCCE S S F UL
A DV ERT I S EI ! 1 E
NT
It is quitediflicult10work oul whethef(1) adveftisemeni
has
beensuccessful.
If someone
buys(2) caf fron a pad cu af
comparyyoucan'i b3 surewhethert was (3) a conrpany's
adveriisemeni/
the priceor (4) a poorqra ity of the cars on sale
elsewhere
that was {5) dtermirinqfactor.So lrowdoesany
advertisemenl
succeed
in makln9(6) the peoplebuyoneprodud
fatherthananother?Thefels onec ear message
- lt must
qenefaie(7) the strongresporsefrom consumBbecausq
it is almosiimpossible
surpfisinqly,
lo gi psopleto changetheir
(8)
attitudetowards produciihai ihey feel lndiffrentaboul.

you aboutthe
3 Didan)'thin9surprise
inforrnation
in thesetwo texts?
27

t r \ lT 2

S p e nnd o r s a ? et
'a
lik

Writing: informalletter
(Part2)
Aboutthe exam:In PaperZ, Part2, you
may haveto write a letter,an article,a
proposal,
a competition
entry a repoft,
a review,an informationsheet,an essay
or a contribution
to a longerpieceof
writing(e.9.a book).Youshouldtake
care{ulnoteo{ what kindot text you
haveto write.Youwill be glven
guidance
on whatto writeaboutin the
taskitself.
1
Readthe tollowingwritingtask,and
underline
the four thingsthat you
haveto do in yourletter
Yourecently
triedto sellan old
cameraon an Internetauctionsite,
but had someproblems.Youwant to
shareyourexperiences
with a friend.
Write a letter to your friend,
explaining
what happened,
what yoo
did about it, how it affectedyou and
yourfriendaboutusing
advising
auctionsitesin the future.
Write your letler in 220-260words.

2 Work with a partner,and discuss

thesequestions,
1 Whatsortof problems
mighthave
occurred?
2 Whatpossb e courses
of acton could
youhavetaken?
3 l-lowdo youthinkyou mightfeelin a
stuaton lke this?
you giveyourfrlend?
4 WhatadvicewoLrld
:t:z::

tll i::l:l::1.:,''

a"i"q?

th.lgnd

to lell id

it

@uld

be d gpoJ ide'

Lo

about'

the I'tr"'et
cd*a..d
I @& hoPias b *ll ni 016 dig'tal
l" the {isi
dl*ter'
but it @&-a bld of 3
,", I f'"-..,
I'de"et
tE
"ite
dli*d th't I'd ha {o P4l
I r'*"'i
"',a 'earr)' Pe"sJaEiad
d-^roioel I
l'?r'-*
l"i"+"
-rore
"
Pr'"rce'aPho{ th cdde c'
ro ircluu
.*."*'"
li
"
"u
-*
dds o' th' 'rLe {or riw da'f'
tr"
"l*'t
"L*
dhe laEt da!
-i""1"-,.-.
tlcr" wre no bi& bul then o"
i"+
,J-"r
but the
dr!'
r,*l I Ubuehr I oe hone anJ
i[*
!'vith
bounceJ
nr cheqw
." a"-' r"'"*
.*uo
to", -*"
i r|"
an{rJerce
i "r nai* - bul '@ lw 106+
i"*,"r*.
cade'a!
-*ni r*t I rid"\ *tu l^in Lfe

-ili'ir"^
l odai*J
t*.'
^U.a
tki.
-d;h
f;- fa
-

-*.1"J" i;
i"J.ri
l,w
Jt'L]
;;
e

6aid waE rhai

ro U"a wbsite' bul whal llE-\
Lo lhe seller' tn
uP
dds
ir
@l'ol bidJers' and
_su! )
ry EldPrlhetic
bacr.s. Tl'elr a'e"'t
to uPdat:'g rr'
i uag l@ki.s fo'd"/
***

l-"i

r' tlE
* "*5 - "'a i! i5 s{ilr ':+ri's
r.* * kd ud{ @ a" nru u"rees1o'

"i "wats one! ks rli|| in P'eLt\' god

-ho ore thet it do'rd be d s@d Du:r {o'
I'n
I @ok dhei
"; **-""'
th't rt @a5 tr'e cdrr{
*
last
!ear'
wed a ,Dlidaj iogelher
a'sr

Regarls

Drop ne a
er lrieJ t *ll anslhingd {he netl
lell rc i{ Yu'w god an1 digs!
to Helen aid hoPe t' @ $'u sei'

2 Underline
informalexpre5sions
that meanthe sameas:
(para2)
l tried(para2)
4 successfu
(para2)
2 veryunsuccessful
5 takecare(para3)
(para2)
3 a disadvantage
6 unsure
whatto do (para3)
TIP! Remember
to add anyusetulexpressions
to your
vocabuary listsand includeinformationaboutregister.
3
I Thewriter haswritten too manywords,but has
omitted part of the task.Rewritethe lasttwo
paragraphs
so that any unnecessary
informationis left
out and the missing
informationis included.

Readthe followingletter,whichwas
written in answerto the task-Answer
the questions,

your rewritten paragraphswith a partner.Did

2 Exchange
you havethe sameideas?

Hasthe writerincuded deassimilarto

yours?
Hasthewriterincudedal the
information
necessary
for the task?

4 Writean answerto the taskon page191.Makesure

that you usean informalregisterand includeall the
nece55ary
information.
i Writing referen(ep.202

t\Ir2

Re v iew

I Readthe text below. ljse the u/ordsgiven in capitalsat the end of some
of the linesto forrn a word that fits in the qao in the sameline.Thereis an
exampleat the beginning(0).
Dirty mone)
Sooncl or latcr it's somethingthat eleryone doeslyou put yourjeans
abau\h.
inlo the washingmachine.having completel)'(0) f.et:1ct.te.r
pocket.
experience
money in the
CoiDs.on lhe whole. sur\'ive the
relativcly(1) ............
but the sameis Dottrue01banknoles.
Thesehavea (2) ...........
to disintcgrate
as a rcsukof prolongcd
(3) ...........
If you li!e
to the lbrcesof heal.wateranddctcrgcnt.
in Brjtajn, however..rll rnay nol be lon. ll is possiblcto send
(4) ...........
fbr useas paymentin shopsand
danugcdbanknotcs,
to the Bankof Englands MutilaledNotcs
otherretail(5) ...........,
Section(BEMS) in Leeds.Hereexpertswill givc thc notea
lhal il is indeedthe
lhorough(6) ...........
and.if theyarc coDriDced
rcnaiDsof a v lid banknolc.lhcy will scndyou a (7) ........... of
rt leasl chequeol'thecquivalcnlvalue.
And it's DotoDly w.rshingnachines th t destroynotcs.r'\ccorclinir
per wcck.hddlcr\
lo BEMS slail.who rcccivcup to 500 (8) ...........
.rndpuppy&)gs alsojiSurchighon lhc lisl oiollcndcrs.rs do peoplc
places.suchrs micro$irvc
who hidethcir srvingsin rrlhcr (9) ...........
cvcnbanksm ke useol lhe scrlicc.
ovensor d.rmpccllals.Somctimcs,
year's
sp Dg floods whcn a nunrberol britnche\
as happenedduring lirsl
found thar thcir hur-qlarproof and fireproof srles sadly lvcre not
(10) ...-.......
watcrprcof
.

2 Complete
the secondsentence
sothat it
hasa similarmeaningto the firstsentence,
usingthe word given.Do not changethe
word givn. You mustwrite betweenthree
and sixwords,includingthe word given.
1 Torn's
houses theonewth theb uedoor
WHICH
To mi ves.. ..... ... .. .......a blle door
2 Lfewithoutmusic
woud beverydifficu
t for
ME LI V E

w oud ti nd ........................music
dr'a Ld ra\
daisa5uppo|e of a 6'd
^
NUMBER
L d a g ves.. .. ....... .... .. .. w d ife
cnaTI|eS.
4 Sprng s my favourte time of the year BE5T
Thetimeof year ... ...... ..... .......sprng
)

HARM
TEND
EXPOSE
ACCEPT

EXAMINE
REPLACE

APPLY
FORTUNE

EQUAL

3 Choose
the correctarticleor crossout both if
thereshoud be no article.
a f you'regong
SelfbeiefandstongneNes
areessent
to makeyourmarkas(1)a / lhe5aespe6on.
Take21
year-old
Leonora
Pearl
forexamp
e. She3(2)a/ thesaes
consu
tantfor13)a / lheCabouchon
Co ecton of
(4)d / thejev,/e
lery.Sheu/orksfrom(5)a / the homeor
3hehappens
wherever
to be Notony s Leonora
skled at
sheisa sogoodat seling(6)a / fhelob.
sellnglevvelery
sha d/

1",.1

'o . a v 1 - h / _ \ d

Jhp onp,

j . r d 'l g "

of products
assoonasshesawLt,ands gnedupto be
fve minutes'Leonofa
18)a/ thesaesconsultant'wlhLn
finds(9)a / thepnces
'fantast
ca y reasonab
e' and
(10)a / theavaiabilty
y falrulous'.
of stock'absolute
Shes, n (11)a/ theotherword5,
a wa k ng,talking
' n manyways,
advensement
tor (12)a / fheproducts.
'm neverrealyoff (l3) a / theduty,'shesays.
'WhenI go
out, aLways
take114)a / fhe dupicateseto{ whatever
nterest
leweleryl'm wearng, so that f anyoneexpresses
n..aJ

spot
Go to

FORGET

1r -e.Ll"-e.

L"

-eli..o.te'

tta

or yout CD-ROMfor interactiveexam practi(e.

29

UNIT

Whatmakes
ustick

Vocabulary: adjectives
of
cnaracter
1 A television
companyi5
planninganother'Bi9Brother'
realityshowin whicha groupof
peope who are strangers
to each
otherare lockedinto a hou5efor a
givenperiodof time.Cameras
recordhow they react10 eachothet
and viewersvotefor who theywant
to stayin the house.Theperson
who staysthe longestwinsa money
prize.
Whatdo you thinkthe producers
peopleto
lookfor whenchoosing
go into the houseT
Why?
. strong,
contlict
ng pe6onalties
. srrange
appearance
. nterest
ng hobbes
. vared background
or experience
. sense
of humour

1 Readthe profilesof hopeful

contestants,
and underline
the
adjectives
they useto describe
themselves,
2 Whichof the adjectives
you
underlined
do you think be5t
sumsup eaahperson?
Do you
think it is positive,
negativeor
either?
Example:
Aiain ideahstic couldbe pasiive as
longasit's not takentaa far

Oo"*,r0" vouo"r'rcr"'
r'r

idea\isric' 4.d

and

wrc-q

c-onscienllous

ife a"i" .:::lx_"::T_".c

\o be
Everilhh1 has i_5[
:,.".n
;J
a',a
a',a
,^--^-,
ti- ae{\-or
*re{\_orqa.'s.d
fla''sed
'l d bnn3
a'
"-o.reor
Aabr
l-'ave hiqh srarda'as:'l'd
''q '
lro!'se)
\he
lo
ocder
."-se
o1

i;;;
PeoP\esay r)s
""-"
aiffii'u\{ lc) \we q'rrh'
Qo*.,0"

r..."n 0",o",

l'a e\lr.dl:lq
anl.,l,o@ t1 cloe.h'l
dntl .t w h4l cl ktt
i A ,L ct n, ,' .t

.i co tuvtt..)

o ).t

a- ,

.1. b",J

tn pretty
|Liet, reall! - an4 if h hone.t.
6en.itivc. Im a bit .elf,cone.iaue,
ani hhat I
neea t.- oamethtn4 ei{fercht to
taks me out of
ny.ett thauqh ldont realtynina.
6eina in thE
hautc ttoub bc
fot n1eanj nake me more
^oaa

l-v curiout a^d I ba^t to 5a Fart o{

4^ expariea^t. l'M i^deFe^de^t a^d I
like to thi^k {or Myrel{ - I'lt try
a^yth,^l o^ce lM 1u,te tac'nrr^
thbu1h, a^d lM happy w't6 My o-^
cohFa^y. l do^t
have to j 6i ^ i ^
zrz.fthi^1 loi^4 D^ i{ | do^t !a^t to,
t,'ou4h I Iike +o k^rch.

t'^
+tustb-thy
aha tuppo,+ive. U,^
aa
.erh+
+46h_49.*u
sa , .^4 .+aE

:Y:"i:

..)r
.

:o'1

lhe haos. vJ;// 3,ve d. lt h;gh pra{)tL

a"rd 3/l
h.: bthere t w4h1 1a b.. t't/
d4tc .ur. the oiAc.s don / /ak.:
a.l4,la.g.: dhen t'n ,al /aak,E, lhcugh

eh

y:.

+ lke

e,@aa _ z a*

]lot<e. a.^

- b

, s

rh*+ /ae'.,+

,r,

n..i,*

,{ea

;+

j^^r z,^
^.-n

t \l l 3

Whai males !s t ck

Watch Out! sensitive/sensible;

sympathise/empathise
Chooselhe coarect
a ternatve
I a) is 5er5/b/e
/ sens/tlve
to keepa noteof your
passpori
nurnber
whenyoutrave
jna

o*o'u" w'*tt

t'oo'

,ft

*
;,:::i":il"'['TtrS'i"f;':-."
!i.,
'.,,f,,*

+oou3radl5-- i o.,+ $ffer

i'^

f,ir

ronend\e5
:o I anr'o5 PeDPle

-."."

i ,";"i

rd enJo3 mj3a$ and

[';r.

ho'5e
: !_(ng {lrn to tY\e

iii:

bcrow:
QDsscriboyo!rcerr

b\/\p.

dro

pn.bta

an.tti \oa

.ed.l r

upsetri peope crt c se her

2 a) Sheswi ing to lstento people\problems
a^d Ia empathise/ sympafhEewith them when
rneyareLrpser
b) ts easyto empathlie/ sympathise\N1^
someone
who hasbeenthroughihe same
experience
as you
3
Highlightthe reasoneach persongivesfor
wanting to be in the house.Do you think that
the r reason5are sensibleor valid?

:^

A bLt X{t k-L.tp.ed.

ad qu|L.
qt-aL I
*4tL1@
- haSbc t@ .'Mhl I .!
\e
d
pcqte
Lhi^k
th
*t(a
Mt
bL
4tuk
I t L F'o(t
e.L
':t1j
^^oeted
,--.!
JLLA Lhi9s
t at\'L tLk ? I k^tu Ih
p.oC" uit ag.e.
I;
L^ Lrr
-*'
'-!r
",a
da
b/L^9i.9 .*96
in ri-nc

Decideon five peoplewho would make the

rnostinterestingprogramrnefor viewers,and
why. Compareyour ideaswith the rest ot the
class.Do you all agree?

Grammar 1: modalverbs1
to the ideasthey
1 Match the sentences
express.

', prettts roru.t!, reafbt. t lt"\i4r

mt
=: - t'relyua+A t'n saciab[e,
::+.lrodalta+al - t'd 'l.tb.er
wltt\
'z:.te. t liKe eteftoae lo qel ^fee
o-a. t L\^IL
':* e wtaolranpleo wu otrLrs. t,^at
ta be
ttur\e becar^_cr to,e ncet q peoplt
a
^.
-- .dn e^.pethisewitt^)
to
^44 'r'\etlitui

*...O
"".",

I'6 cq.!^g, ^pqLhzLlcr

sl^cer q^d
$qr6-farLed.
I kro! I ca^ h,
3 LL6e^Lqt qrd I Lrg Lo pkqse
oLhe.s
Loo 6h,
buL LhoL eons
I d b qble
Lo 6oke Lt- ot-p.s feet qt_
ho6. I1t
a.d Lh!^9s tlre LhaL ,
gee ewr\loe i^votwd,
*rrMii:t*tt!46_'-'d'

..

..--W"

-'-J'

1 You mustnt tel anyoneabout Lt,not evenyoua

DeSIrneno
2 I mustphonelule to tel herwhereto meet!s
l I miqhtbe ableto qo out tonightblt 'Tnnot 5uTe.
I th nk yo! shoud te I Joshexacty how you fee
5 we don't haveto go everllrheretogether,you
know
My mobile!not n my baq- t mustbe somewhere
at home
I Can bringa fr endwith rneto the pa(y7
8 You can a \,!ayste what Tessais th nk ng from her
expTe55l on.

' ' iiii

:.,i:::l

a) possibiLiy
b) logca deducton
c) obl gation/neces5ity
d) lackoi ob igat onlnecess
ty

e) prohbiton
t aovce
gl permrsson
h) ab ity

p.196(10)
ri, Grammarreference

rINIT 3 \rlhatmakesust.k

sothat it
the secondsentence
2 Complete
hasa similarmeaningto the Jirstsentence,
usingthe word given.Do not changethe word
given,Youmuslusebetweenthlee and six
words,including
the word given.
t woud be greatf takingexamswerevoluntary
for students.HAVE
|
oFg'edl''. -der.s
^o ,ld
exam5.
Itt possblethatthisbookm ght helpyouin your
rE5EATCh.
HELPFL'L
tor yourresearch
You .. ....
. CHANGES
He'I probaby beverysuccesstu
beverysuccessful.
The.. ... ..
.o n
Joep'o1, ao lo Lol ro_rghr.
-rprhafs
h m on the phonenow MUST
to caltonight,so
Joepromised
...on lne pnonenow
part
Workn9 on the shopfloorisa compulsory
HAS
of thetraningior everyone.
on theshoptloor
Everyone
.
aspartof ther tralnng.

completethe advicebeloWusingmodalverbs
from the boxesfor eachsection,Thereare two
verbsyou do not needto useeachtime,
Thinkof somemoreadviceon how to be a good
friend,u5ingthe modalverbstrom the boxes.
Tella partnerabouta time whenyou
for hep, butd dnt
oughtto haveasked
ped
coud havehe
a fr end,butd dn't.
How to be a good triend
Be awate
couldnl can

m ght

oughtto

shoudn't

Theproblems lhat aswe get olderwe feelwe

(1) ........
. beab to sortoutourownprobems,and
ratherthanta k ng about
we keeptheseto ourselves,
y becomes
more
them.Soif oneof yourfr endssudden
withdrawnthanusual,t (2) ... ... . meanthat they
havea probem,but don'tfeelthey(3) ... . te you
aoolt rt.
Lirten
could mustn't haveto

can't couldnl

you
lf yourfriendwantsto te I youaboutthe r problem,
(4)..........istenlIn moncases,
you(5) ... .......
actualy
do anything
aboutit, butallowing
themto ta k about
(6) .. ........hep themto work it through.
rherrfeelings
Wait for the right time
shoudn't

couldn't must

may can't

that
informatlon
You(7)..
beabe to getpractical
th nk yorl
canhelpyourfriend Youprobably
(8) ............tel themstraightaway
- but there'sa r tht
ng 5o you(9). ... ... forcethe
timefor everyth
wat untI theyactualy
information
on them;nstead,
askfor it.
Don't bring it backto you
mustn't can't can

mlght don'thaveto

to
You(10).......
......talk aboutyourown experiences
yourfriendbproblems
lf yoLrr
showyouunderstand
to
frienddoesn't
askif anythng s m larhashappened
go on aboutyourownproblems,
you,you(11).....
........
pastor present.
Remember,
the mostlmportantth ng
you(12)
. do foryourfriendslustbetherefor
them.

t \lT

<,'^^a.16rl

Exam focus

What male5 u, tck

nr^.6.1"/a

1 Listento the instructionsand follow the

wordlng on the page.

Paper4 Listening:multiple
matching(Part4)
Aboutthe exam:In Paper4, Part4, you wiil hear
on the sametheme,In each
f ve shortextracts
Youhave
extractyou hearone personspeaking.
to do two tasksasyou listen,and thesewill focus
the
on di{ferentthingsin the texts,for example,
gpeaker's
and therr
rea50nfor doingsomething
feellngs.
TlPl Rememberthat there are two answersior
ea,h gpeake' ore In td\k onF and anotl_e'r1
task two. You hear all flve speakersonce,then
the seqLrence
is repeated.

Readboth seteof optionsin the pausebefore

the istenlngis p ayed.
Underllne
the mostimportantword in each
optlon
Asyou lstenfor the firsttime,fo(usmainlyon
taskone.Writein the lettersof anyanswers
Asyou listenthe second
time,{o(usmainlyon
tasktwo.
Dor't,edve dry qLeslion\unancwpredl{
you're not sure,guess.Aithough you may be
unsure,you have probablyunderstoodmore
than you think, so your guessrray be right.

I Youwill hearfive short extractsin which peoplewho have(hangedtheir namestalk about why they
twice
did this.Remember
that you mustcompletebothtasksasyou listen.Youwill hearthe recording
TASKONE

TASKTWO

Forquestions
1-5,choosefromthe llstA-H eachperson's
name.
reason
for d s ikingtheiroriginal

Forquestions
6-10, choosefromthe lstA-N whefe
eachpeBongot the deafor theirnew name

it.
A Peope coLrldn't
remember

A a friend3suggestion

I lt felt rathero d-fashoned.

1 fTil
Speaker

B onlineresearch

C Someone
coudn'tpronounce
t.

2 fTzl
speaker

D lt hadn'tbeencarefuly chosen.

Speaker
3 TT'

C a fictionalcharacter
D a familyjoke

E lt d dn't soundrlghtfor mycareer

4 fTn
Speaker

E an overheard
conversaton

F People
usedto laughat it.

Speaker
5 fTSl

F a magazine
article

G t mademesoundtoo seTloLrs,

programme
G a television

H t wasn'tindivdua enough.

H a colleague's
mistake

2 Mat(h eachphrasefrom the extractsto the closestmeaning.

to laughlt off (l)
to standout in a crowd(1) reallyfed up (2)
(2)
happened
to
to gethistongueround(3) to splitup (3)
(5)
(4)
maderedundant
didthetr ck (4) a snapdecision
(5)
to tease
enda reallonshp acheveditsaim bedistinctive makeJunof
qu ckly losta job
not taketoo seroLrsly pronounce happened
veryunhappy by chance

I m
Speaker
speaker
2m
speaker
3 TTtl
4m
Speaker
speaker
5 fllol

thesequestions.
3 Discuss
1 Doyoulikeyoufname?
2 lf youcoud change
a orpart
of yourname,whatwoud you
choose?
Why?
m ght
3 Whatd sadvantages
your
therebeto clrangLng
naTne?

rr,l

U\IT

Whai makesus tick

Reading: multiplechoice(part3)
1 Lookat thesetwo well-knownsentences
and answerthe questions.
1 Doyou knowwhereeachonecomesfromT
2 Doyouthinktheyarewisesayings
or not?

Sorrvseemsto be the hardestword.

Low meansnererhat)iigto ,tar wu te son).

2 Lookat the situations

below.
In wh ch of thesestuationswouldyouapologise?
Whatwouldyousayin eachcaseT
Wt( l s-,al,o-neeog
l-" To.r snce . e
a p o lo g y
Howwouldyoumakeyourapoogymoresincere?
Youtreadon 5omeone's
toe.
Yo! borrowsomething
withoutasking.
Yo! arriveatefor somethn9
Yousaysomethn9 whichupsetsa friend
Someone
complains
aboutyo!r behaviour

1 Lookat the title of the articleon page35.In

what wayscouldsayingsorrybe powerful?
2 Readthe articlequicklyto compareyourideas.
Thereare six paragraphs;makea note ol
whichone dealswith:
A culturaatttudes
D personal
B genderdifferences
relationshrps
C the writerl own
E a workcontext
experience
F peopleof different
ages
4 Now readthe artialemorecarefully.
Choose
the answer(A, B,C or D) whichyou thinkfits
bestaccording
to the article.
1 In the t Et paragraph,
the writerisacknowledging
that
A s ' e , e \s d ..o g a -i rh a n > h F .s p d t o bp

B sheowesa debtof qratitudeto herfather

C herboyfrendis nroresef-righteous
thanhe.
D herapoog esfor pastmistakes
were
unsuccessful.

2 Thewriterfees that Britsh peoplenowadays

A tendto feeluncomfortable
whenothers
apolog
se.
B tendto saysorrymuchmoreoftenthanthey
useq10.
C tendto regard
apoiogies
asa signof weakness
rnothers
D ar beLonno r o'es 'rcee '_ lher dpoogrec.
3 n the th rd paragraph,
PaulaHaI is quotedto
rlustrate
A howmenandwomenapologise
to eachother.
B howmenbatttudeto apolog
singhaschanged.
C howmenandwomenapolog
sein dif{erent
ways
D howwomennow apologsein a moreconldent
way
4 BenRenshaw
feelsthatmodern
chldren
A maylearnnappropr
atebehaviour
fromther
patents
I should
notbe madeto apoogiseto theI
parentS.
C haveto learnthattheI parents
makemistakes
D needhep to interpretther pafents'apoogies
5 Eeverley
Engefeelsthat officeworkerstendto
A ignore-r _o d cag'eenenL,
- rhe\ orlpla-e.
B findit hardto compa n abouttheircoleagues.
C b ametheirempoyers
for interpersona
d ff cuties.
D allowsmalarguments
to growintomajor
probems
6 Whichphrase
usedearlier
in thef{th paragraph
introduces
theideaof'suk ng' (lne91).
A too nsecure
to admitwhentheyarewrong
(lne79)
B mlnorofficefeuds(line82)
C warsof angerands lence(ine84)
D to getbackat himor her( ne88)
7 Whydoesthe writerrnentionthe fim loye Story?
A t m sledheraboutsometh
ng
B t ledherto queston
someth
ng.
C lt taughtherthevalueof someth
ng.
D lt hepedherto understand
someth
ng.

'
I

tl

-2

l-

r-

*w+

*ould 1or ba lil'd rd

r1r I .1.als more ol them are dbl"
,'ire <orr. , roi :or etlr_8
I
'1'o" '..'r '' n-!-i
sorry.
Morgdnd
sav
Or
tere
.
l
h
ard
ri
o
d
T
'
r'
l
'
F
v
w
ere
one.
ea,)
o
en.r. l Jnrorrura le\r a,
I
" mogj
_oo
. r o+ | .o J ,d L o
prouo.strbbor' or t oo
r6l opol o(.r' sor^
.o
1
"
*
oner
o"
ool
.
are
o
l
l
e
r
h
a
rd.
O
.
oO
"
I
nsecureto admit when they a wrong,
a very long trne. I bas too
1oo often becausethey were afraid of
I
peoplesfee ngs Thats not ihe
she
says.Considedng
how longwe spend
ghteoue
hurring
se
tu
dnd
arroSant
ro
*
Paula.
women
each
week
wih
ccworkers,
its nol
10
case
any
more
elthea
says
30
:r
abe
to
apologse.
I
earned
how
I
surprisingb nnd that minoroiflc ieuds
aregettingmofeconndentso thyare less
:eiave t e thLsfrommJ fdther,dnd rhenI
I
arisingout of irivlalmattrscan scalate
-ii mymat(h - a botfrend who mademe 4e eagerto rush into the positionof saying
I
done
notning
wrong.
into wars ol angerand s nce. But, says
Now
|ve
rearned
soffy
when
they
have
r:r
at
own
actons.
ft
I
to
apologisifg,
the
Engel,t would be far easierif someofe
we
mrslakeE
but
When
it
comes
:'i
not
only
do
a
m.[e
Irc
. . ra ma e nif c ent ef r r r r s to b e a b re to
betw een 35 upsetsyou, to aski or an apoogy nst ead
b a l a n coef p o w eri s al sochangi ng
I
p a re n tsa n d c hi l drcni oo. Ln the past,
of compai ni ngto other cow orker sor
3: ntth e m.andt hen. poog rs e a s w e l l .
I
panningto get backat him or heL By th
was
a
one.way
street.
i!
saylng
sory
0i
course,
not
a
apoogisrng
e0
I
parefts did not.
ro
and
sametoken,whena coworkerapologises,
The
say
sofrv
roo
Children
said
sory
r:,,dur.
Br
r
sh
lend
I
be bie enough io accepl the apoogy
Ho!!ver,a new generationof parents
::en as a wayof peasng other peope.
]
aP
ol
ogi
si
ng.
W
e?e
far
eo
nsteadofsukng
f
e
e
l
i
n
g
,b
u
ti
ts
h
a
v
e
re

v
a
l
l
rated
: 5g h b a n d wr t hoLr t any a
I
willing
nou
as
a
culture,
to
say
sorry
Unfortunately
the 197Osilrn LoveSlory
n
certain
socralsiruat,ons.
rnore
:rorteio,mua
I
promugaunga ie aboul
telationship
is
for
confirms
responsible
sav
ng
sory
is
about
real
to
our
children.
s5
I
':wertu
a
model
for
relationshipsand apologes. lls famo'rs
rmmunrcaror- t's honestand headfet.
expert Ben Renshaw.lts
I
_rd rona y. in Bitain saynC sorry has
my
I
apologise
to
son.
For
sloganis Loveis neverhavingtosayyoure
!hem.
certainly
Jr
with
losing
when
lam
loo
angry
him
9s
sofiy. At lirst ltookthis ro meanthatfyoLr
::!n
rahen
to
me.n
backing
down,
lnstance,
t
you l
merit
lov
over
something
which
dosn
l
such
or
oelng
wea[
Ive
certa
nt
|
",grment
yoLr'
past.
I
hope
never
hul|
threiore,
never
8ut 60 an outburst,I say sorry.
that l'm
them,
iln B! rtyofthinhrnethrsIn the
I
preparing
need to lse ihe word. But lle.ome to
-+ are reat sr8ns that tmes a'e
the terrainfor him to be ableto
I
rea s thats not true - the onesyou lov
rngng As a sociev we know more
admilhis miskkesmorereadilythanlever
IL
dld. So it isvery healthyfor parentsto be 1ooafe the onesyoLrlernostI key to hurt,so
:)ur psy(hoog) says counserorPara
I
Love,as n enabling
We are earnng th.t sayingsory rs
able to admit they gel it wlong and
lhis is misinronnation.
-.
I
.::ur a owng yolrserfto be vuherabe, 65 childrenlearnthat eventhen parentsare
a lovlngrclationshp to surviv,is al about
I
falliblebeingablto saysorry.n lationshps,ihe
' " ch ,s acllall\ . s gn of sl,ng1h,not
I
pathto a powedulapology
.
,.
siruarions
sayiG
soiiy,
as
ls obvousthen
roLr
ea
n
f,om
e\per
ence
rhat
Yet
in
some
..[iess.
I
peop e sre l p e c ito r
El i o nJ o h np onl edout,seemsto be the ro9 -w henyou sayi tyouhavetorea llym eEn
: : ,n cso rry nc r eas es
I
i t.Ihats w hyexpl ai ni ng.di dn' trealseI d
| a th e rrh af dr n, n! hne t .
h a rd e s t w o rd. P sycl rol herapiBstevery
I
parricurary
for
hurtyouso muchwhenlwas...', incfeases
70
who
conducts
apoLogy
seminars
r.,aei
used
ro
be
bad
at
Engel,
I
ptobaby
potencyof yourapoLogy.
'Men
is
beleves
apology
the
So what are
:\ngsony,butthat
s
clranging
roo.
companies.
I
you
of
walling
lor2
The
hardesl
word
..ire
effective
means
resolling
10sayis
encouraged
to
be
commitred
and
the
fiost
.,
I
pecentage
nrost
rew
ard
ng.
d
s
p
Ltes.
A
arge
of
110
a
sothe
.
nge
mi
n
d
ed'
s
ay
s
P
aua.
B
u
l
n
o
w
t
s
b
u
s
n
e
s
s
I
papl oY eeso'
. - * * o ^'o , *, - o. 1dn8el1e ' rro s ,
l a w s J ,rs a s .1sIbrs,.esse.
I

I
5
|

I
I
I

1 Lookat theseadjectives
irom the-articje-Are
tneyusedposrtrvelyornegalrverya
honest(Lnel9)
sef'righteols( ine 5)
vLrnerabe ( lne 29)
arrogant(l ne 5)
commtted (l ne 36)
heartfet ( ine 20)
q b (l ne 16)
gu lty (l ne 23)
(ine
s ng e-mnded
37)
trvial( ne 83)
(l ne 111)
powerfu(ine105)
rewarding
proud( ine 78)
stubborn( ne 78)
(l ne 79)
fal ib e ( ine 671
nsecure

2 comoletethe sentences
with one oJ the
adiectivesabove.

|
I

1 Anyproblemsyo!have,comeandtc me
however.
they may seem

1 35

2 We are
to provd n9 a high eve of servce
,o. ou, .,e, I
I I,mafradtmaybe
or gvrrqyo!5orrre
msleaclnqnformatLon.
4 NobodyshoLrid
everbetoo
toapoogise
whenthey'rein the wrong
5 l'm afrad I {oundmostof hiscornments
rather
ns
ncere
and
6 He! a very
man,yo!'1 neverget h m to
changeh6opinion
6 TaLkabout a time when:
' you hadto makean apoogy
madean apoogy to you
' sornebody
anapooqymiqhthavehepedastuaton
'
*

U\IT 3

Whatmakes!s ti.k

and
Grammar gerunds
infinitives
'| Whatwouldyou do in thesesituations?
plays60srockmusicveryloud
A Yourneighbour
every
evening.
a) rlngthemupto compa n
b) go roundandtry to workout a compromise
c) playhealymetamusc evenlouderin themiddle
ot the night
B A classmate
tel s the teacherthat youcopedyour
lastassgnmentoff the lnternet.
a) tel theteacher
aboutsomething
thatyour
classmate
nasdonewrong
agarn
b) resove neverto Speak
to yourclassmate
c) decidenot to cheatagaln

'l Readthe text oppositeand decidewhich

statement
bestsumsup the mainpoinl
on othe6aTe
Peope who takerevenge
a) actingnaturaly.
b) behav
ng badly.
justifed.
c) rarely
Readthe text againand completeit uting
the gerundor infinitiveform of the verbsin
(in onecaseit couldbe either).
brackets
Finda verbin the text whichhasthe pattern
verb+ object+ infinitive.Whichofthe other
numbered
verbscouldbe followedby an
objectin thisway?
TlPl Note down verbsthat are fo lowed by
the gerund or infinitivein yoLrrgramrnar
checkllst,
together with examples.

REVENGE
Why do somepeopletakerevengeon oihers?Why aren't
we (i) able .............(rorr) out our problens witbout
(2) seeKng... ......
.....Get) evenwith thosewho havehun u?
Well,apparentlyweare simply experiencinga deeplyrooied
part oI humo nature.Our desirefor revengecomeslrom
the brainl limbic system,the most primitivepart ol tn
brained one that we sharewith all animals.So when
someoneconfrontsus, we o{ten(3) prerer - - (aftach)
verballyor physicallyrather than (4) try .. .... .. (uolk our)

However,unlikea.imals,we also possessa higblyevolved

cerebralcortex which (5) allowsus . ... .... @Idn)and
analyse-and this can makerevengemoreihan just an
hstlnctive reaction.A personwho Ieelsthey havebeen
wrongedmay even(6) enjoy ... ... . (,,lon)a creativeand
appropriateact oi revenge.
Whenthey considerthey havebeenwrongedin someway,
practicallyanyonemay(i) attempt... .... (qeo revenge,
althoughit appearsthat older peopleare more(8) prepared
(ro{giue)and {orgetthan lhe younsand (9) prerer
.
.. (re[le) their personalproblemsthrough
negotiationrather than throughconirontatjon.
Somepeoplesugsestthat takingfeveogecan b seenas a
positivemove,allowingyou to work thoughyour negative
emotions.However,it can also be dangerous,and you may
(10) risk
(/ind)youreeuin a sitration which raDidly

Who remembered
somethng th-"yhadto do?
y
remembered
Whoslmp
thattheyhaddone
something?
a)carlostrledsending
an emaito Alinato expa n
h,< faa,..<

Sometimesa verb may be followed by either

the gerundor the infinitive,but the meaning
changes.
Themeaningmayalsochangewhen
the tensechanges,
and answerthe
Lookat the pairsof sentences
questions,
a) lohn remembered
to te I heraboutthe change
ot arrangement.
b) Peter
remembered
te Ing heraboutthechange
oi arrangement.

36

h r <h . n , d . 'r r . <^ ^ . i

b)losetriedto sendan emaito expa n h s

feelings,
but the networkwasdown.
Whocouldn't
sendanemal?
Whosentone,but dld not get a goodresut,
3 a)Andrewwould iketo f n sh it.
b)Janewoud lke to havefinished
t
Wh oc a ns t llf n is ht ?
a)Jackmeantto do thejob on Saturday.
b) Jonmeantto havedon-"thelob by Sallrrday.
Who ntended
to dothejobat theweekend?
Whowantedt donebeforethe weekend?

L\lT

w h a t m a k e 5L s t.k

Speaking:languageof possibility
and specu
lation

with
one groupof wordsconnecled
observation(notice,see,observe,sense,feel,
hear,etc.)canbe followedby eithera gerund
or the bareinfinitive.

1 Work with a partner.Lookat the three

photographs
below.Discuss
what you thinkthe
reLationship
betweenthe peoplein each
photograph
mightbe.

and answerthe
Lookat thispairof senlences
question,
sawSarareadng a bookdufng the esson.
reada bookdurngthelesson
sawSusan
Whofn shedthebook?

colleagues strangers goodfriends

a c q u a in t a n c essb in g s ia miy
bor4riend/g
rlfrend

p.197(15)
Grammarreference

1 Howlongdo youth nk they've

knowneachother?
4 Complete
the sentences
in a waythat istrue
:or you.Usea verbin the gerundor infinilive
2 Howwelldo youthinktheygeton wrtheach
other?
with a
'orm.Thencompareyoursentences
yourreasons
oartner,
and explainyouranswers,
to
3 Whydo youthinkth s7Explain
your
panner
' When wasyoungI genera
lywasn'talowed.
I OnSatLrrday
afternoons
lgenefay ike
2 Listento somestudents
discussing
the r
: genefa
ly avod
you?
ideas.
Did
they
have
the
same
ideas
as
: reay regret.
; n thelutufe hope
'.a) 3 Listenagainand completethe sentences
a f someone
wantsto stopsmokng, I suqgesl.
with expressions
from the recording.
_
l remember
.. astweek
1 Wel,
theyoungcoupe areprobably
I I notced
qu(eclose
reatonshp
2 My
that ts a ong-term
3 |
they
know
one
another
very
that
we l
4 On
lheyseemto bec oserthanthat
f lre, weJ" 1 a 'e a_o..' iP
5
outsde the ofi ce.
6
thatsheisa fr endof thefamly.

4 Workwith a partnerLookat the

photographs
on page178.Taketurnsto compare
two of the pictures,
and saywhat you thinkthe
relationship
betweenthe peoplemight be,and
how goodthe relationship
seems
to be.

t....,.

1'7",;,;l

lLit., t:,..:::'

.!r:r'.a

r,l ::

37

it

'T

LNIT .1 {rhat mdLe5u5 t.l

Use of English:
multiple-choice
cloze(Part
1)
1
1 What do you noticefirst
when you meet sorreone
for the first time?

. personarty
. clothes
. somernng etse
2 How do you think
someonecan maKea
good irnpression
. on yourparenls?

1 Readthe title of the text.

What do you think it will
be about?
2 Readthe text qui(kly to

Thetruthbehinda smile
Pcoplcsmilea (0) q deal.and\[e seemto knowinstinctively
lnal somcsmilesare moregenuirxrthan others.lJuLis tbere
anl scicntific( l)
for this?Recentfesear,ch
suggests
lhat a rnechanism
in the brainran helpus (2) ..
$hethera smllcis realllhcartfalt
it is just
- or \\,hcl,her
beine(3) . .
on for sll(rN.
(,1)
... k) \afjousbng-heldtradil,ions,
a genuine
snlilc
in\ol\slhc eles as $'ellas the mouth_
In the ninetccnth
centur!.a l.renchanatomist(5) .. ... to provc[hls. Ik] used
electrcdcs
to stim(latethefacialmuscles
of voluntmrs,
(6) ... creating
falsesmilcs.IIe ibundthat rcalsmites
\t'rc ahvals (7)
with th(rcoDtraction
of a muscle
aroundlhe clr. but thathls artillcially
indu(]ed
onesweRlno[.
I)uringmorcrccentrcscardt,!(JlUnlccrs
wcr(jshorvn
a varj0[y
ol hunanfacial(8)
andtheirrca(tktnsto l,hcsc
wct\)
monitortd.\\'henthcl \rcrr !ihowna happl lacc. lt5rh 0l thc
loluItcefsimmcdjat{ily
startedknkingat lhe cyt)arca.
chcc(ingl0r tcll"tal('crinklcsthattlorrtd(9) .. ... thafthc
stnilc\\as gcuuinc:
but rihcnshotlna sador nculrallh((r,th(ry
dj(lnot.S0\lrt did thehumanbrainevolvo[o (10).. .. ....
l)ct\r,een
realandtalsesnil(rs?lt couldbc lhat [hisabilil,y
lo
(ll). .
a (lu ic ka s s c s s meonlta s mil(ih a sa n im p o r l a n l
roleto plat in succcssfulc0mmu
icat,ion.
]\ gcnulncsmikr
(12)
as a g.slufeol conciliation
in confli.l,,
andjt.s
lmporlanl.to kno$'$'hethefwc afe reallybcing0llereda truce
or nol.

3 Now readthe text againmorecarefully

and decidewhich
answer(A, B, C or D) bestfits eachgap.Thereis an exampleat the
beginnng (0).
0 A bg
B
1 A sign
I
A recolect
B
A put
B
A Providing I
A got down B
6 A despte
B
7 A assoclaled B
8 A exhibitons B
A asslre
B
10 A decde
B
11 A make
B
12 A ams
B

great
C
basis
C
accept
C
bfought
C
Consderng C
setout
C
thereby
C
mxed
C
resemblancesC
confirm
C
tel
C
earn
C
serves
C

arge
D
root
D
adrnt
D
created
D
Reatng
D
went off
D
however
D
joned
D
appearances D
D
lunfy
dstingush
D
do
D
portrays
D

huqe
fact
recognise
nuck
According
carredolt
nonetheess
accompan
ed
expressofs
approve
reckon
hold
appies

f\IT

4 Completethesesentencesusingthe correct
from the text.
'orm of a word or expression
' shearrived
verylate,but her
at themeeting
apoLogy
wassincere
andh
of
: Usng electrodes
to stimuatethe faca muscles
vounteers
ledto thec. . .... . of fa sesmies.
y smie, themuscles
around
our
I Whenwe genuine
people
to
-l Thee ... .. of the hlrnanbran enables
dfferentate
between
a rea andafalsesmle.
whelhera srile is
: Vostpeope c.n d.
s ncereor not qurtequ ckly.
gesture
a A genunesm e s seenasa c
durng a timeof confict.
- A smieisoneof themostsuccessfuL
waysof
c
...afr i en d Lyattitude.
. A_a
)-r le conbespotted
b' Tosrpeopr"
easlY
5 ,Apartfrom what they say,how elsecanyou
ie I whensomeoneis:
. notreactng honesty
to somethlng?
. t eI nq a ie ?
. (un)happy
abo!tsomething?
. angryaboutsornething?
. unsure
aboutsomething?
thesequestions.
5 Discuss
1 Doyouth nk that lt is inrpo.tant
to do screntiflc
'o ce a- c hi- r o il- ngs s -(

d s rn In g ) W try

HEY/
6REATro
MEE-|Yo)!
/:'

af il

Whatmakesustick

Writing: informationsheet(Part2)
1 Arethe followingstatements
aboutwriting
an information
sheettrue or {alse?
I Youshoulda waysu5eful sentences
2 Youcanusebulet pontsandheadings.
3 Theaimof an information
sheetisto catchthe
reader's
eyeandmakepointsc eary
4 Youshouldusea forma stye.
5 Yousl.oJldpldnthei_fo"ratio_
sheeca'e'. ,
6 An inforrration
Sheet
I Iu" Satear a^ "n. ,

2
1 Readthe task.
Yourschoolwantsto help its studentsprepare
themselvesbetter for job interviewsby helping
themto be(omemoreawareof thingsto do
or not to do to makea goodfirst impression.
ThePrincipal
hasaskedyou to drawup an
information
sheetthat he candisplayon the
careersnoti(e boardwhich will help students.
Write your intormationsheetin 220-260

2 Discuss
ideasthat you canincludein the sheet
and makenotesLrnder
theseheadings.
' A P P e a ra n c e
. Eehaviour
. DosandDon'ts

Whynot?
haveon
2 Whateffectcanbodylanguage
commun
caton?Howcanit ca!5e
mis!nderstandings?

,4

/i

(_/\

r/b

\)

3 Work with a partner Lookat the

on
informationsheetin the Writingreference
page201.Makesurethat you readand
understand
allthe Dosand Don'ts.Planyour
rnformation
sheetand dis(uss
rherequestions.
1 Whattitlewillyougiveyourinformation
sheet?
2 Howmanysectlons
w ll you haveandwhat
headings
wil you usefor eachone?
3 Wlllyouusea formalor inform:lstye?
4 Whatisthe purposeof the information
sheet?

I Look at the informationsheetbeloW which

was written in answerto the tasK,and
(ompareyour own ideas.Then discu'rriele
questions,
Choose
1 What is wrongwlh the generalheading?
below
a better one from the options
a)Theaft of makinga good rnpresson
techniques
b) Usef! lnterview
c) Behavng betterin forma stuatons
on helpiu7 why?A/hy not?
2 s the ntrodLrct
c earand compJete?
3 Arethe d ffefentparagraphs
paragraph
ts
own headng7
have
Doeseach
ha"l
Jnlo-a
ond ddLt.
4 Do" " lo.-nolron
technlque
What
and usefuway?
reader5n a cLear
doesrt useto do th s7
5 Why can bu et po nts be use{u? In the exar. what
mustyou be cafefuaboutif you usebu let po nts?

T.e i.,riierha5madeeightspellingmistakes
Flndthe m stakesand(orrectthem.
Ihe lvr ter hasa so madeone mistakewith
rnodalverb5and one mistakewith gerunds
and correct
Findthe mistakes
and in{lnitives.
t h e m.
5
22
in Exercise
Usethe ideasthat you discussed
andwriteyourown answerto the task Use
4 1 to
you discussed
in Exercise
the questions
n e rpy o u .
youranswerwith anotherstudent
2 Ex(hange
sheetsand
Checkeachotheasinformation
on layoutand style
makecomments
to alsolookfor spellingand
Remember
grammarmistakesWritingreferen<e
P.201

ll.forr.^at ior' about .1ob i^ta.viawt

()

l,)

toople <ay 'you o^ly 9et o^e cl'^^ce to

{irrt ivF.err,o^. W^t ca^
e^tz
^ 1ed
you do to ilprove your ch4^ce, o+
a c i ' l e v i n 4th l r?

6ehaviour
<Milei A Je^'ii^e lvile ztl^6ti4\2.
^
ttut you 4re h^Fpy
rela.t,o^rhiF,,4y,
to be tharu. What FeoFIe o{te^
.eMefbe. o{ at62rt it l^zir teile.

AFFa^.4^ce

o
o

Drzt. ,n^.]-ty 5ut do^'t ,o over thz

ave.dretted, \a6 c.e^t
top. l{ you
^rz
but you
iMprettio^ of fofuality,
^^
coald^ t dre' do!^ tD Mtrch 6ec^rre
yor live the iBF.ettio^ th^t y6u
srd
o+
.duld^\ c^re le$. Hawevz. ^
if
ba
you
!^r^i^J. AU^y,
yourrelf u^{aMili^., you
!ea. clot[e, th^t
^re
Fill
lill {eel u^coM{oretable
^ot
^^d

Do^'t
. tr.lk toD Mrch or too quickly. 'lfii,
thr.t )ou r'..e
iep.ettio
!@t the
. +o12t th^t pu c^^
quet-Ltor3
^tk
te. l t.,
j @ d to j i ve the
rMFrerrio^ thAt you /..e i^teretted i^

erDje.t the ri4nft $^ae a+ rovrtet+. 62

M^^^er

o
o
40

Wher you ara teet i^4 toaz6 e lar t\L

b^la^ce
{irtt trMe, try to acheive
^
6et!ee^ +.ie^dl'/^et, a^d {orM^lrtyLirte^ poltely, do^'t i^terruFt, but
Neve.
Fhe^
4i\e +a\l ^Btart
^acettary.
w^^t
be Mo^orylabic. ReMeMber yoa
cD^veyi^, a^ iMFrettio^ of quret
cD^{ide^ce, Mt ,h\^L.t a.
^e.w^t^z.t.

DO
. Mai^ta^ eya co^tact There i, rcthi^1
Mrre th^^ talki^1 to toMeo^e lho
rc^ t l6k you i^ the eye

yoh lill
l{ you {ollor 1"hit
^d\ttz'
iMFretrio^.
a {^hulout firrt

Make

t-NIr
3 Review
1 Readthe text below. U5ethe words given in capitalsat
r_: end of someof the linesto form a word that fits in the
:ep in the sameline.There is an exampleal the beginning(0).
Control your anger
,i ren celebrity,a (0) P?li..tiQlar
or olhcr personin the medi,r
..,rlight losestheirtemperin public,theyrun lhe dsk of

POLtTtCS

way. For such

::ling thc hcadlinesin a most (1)
:)
oulburslsof angerarc oftcn triggeredby
hat seemto be tfivial nratte|sand, il they are caughton
. But it s
:.:nrera.can makc lhc pcrsonappearslightly (3)
_ n only the rich and famous who arc prone lo fils of rage.
..'cording to rccen1surveys,ordinary peoplc arc (4)
'jnding to losetheircool in public.

EMBARRASS
CONTROT

': it irngeris a potcntially (5)

cnrotioDthat usesup a
,I of eneBy and createsa high lcvel ol cmolional a'rd
(6)
.r\sical strcss- and it stopsus thinkiDgrationally.

DSTROY

RIDICULE
INCREA5E

CONSEQUENT

. ngfy pcoplcollcn cnd up saying.anddoing.lhingslhey

.:lcfh ve causcto rcgrct,
\.. how cirnrngerbc avoidedl lrirslly.dict and lilestylcmay bc
aDdiril.tbilily ccrlainly comc to the surfacc
:,, blamc. (7)
\hcn someone
hasn'tsleplpropcrlyor hasskippcdr mcal.and
,ny (8) . ... .. of crfleine can makethiDgsworse.
Trking rcgular cxcrcisccan hclp to cascand dilluse leelings
.i (9) . . .. , however,rcducingthe chaDccsol an angry response.
BLrtif somcthingor someonedoesmake you angry.it's (10)

TOLERANT
TAKE
AGGRESSIVE
ADVISE

not 1()rercl immediately.Once you'vc calmeddown, things won\

look half as bad as you lirst thought.

2 Choose
the correctalternative
in eachof
ihesesentences.
' Aswe get olderwe should/ aughtbe abe lo dea
wth ourown probemsL
2 Yaomust/ cauldle the truthat a I times
otherwse
someone
wll fnd youout
go
3 must/ haveto
now otheMsel'l be late.
I Youdon'thave/shouldto tel anyone
aboutthrst can/ maybe oLJr
Secret.
5 Of coufseyoucould/ car)qo now- bL.rteave
qu et y, please
5 Thechances
arethat he will/ wouldhe tery
successfu
whenhestartshisnewlob next\,veek

Go to

3 Fourof thesesentences
havemistakes
in
them.Flndthe mistakes
and correctthern.
I Olr brains
alow usp annn9ourlveswel, wh ch
anmalscan'tdo.
2 lalways
tryio working
outthe be( solutonto
problems
bytalkinq
themoverwithfnends.
r ldon'ru,a_lto suqgest
tSatplon' g re/e ge - n
anywaya posrtve movel
4 Whenpeopletakechances,
theycanriskto i nd
ihemseves
in difficu
t stuatons.
5 | intendedto havefinishedthlsby Sunday,
bLrtnow
l'm50latetherelno chanc-o
6 | reallyregretnot to havestuded harcler
whenI
wasat schoo

or your CD-ROMfor interactiveexam practice-

4l

UNIT

Pushing
theboundaries

Vocabulary1
1

Discuss
thesequestions,

1 Whatdo yo! th nk of scence?s ,' -terestng cr

born97WhY)
2 Didyo! nLrdyscenceat school)D d you en,oyt?
'ry notl
V,/hy?^,ry
j
:
5. cncea popLr
ar subleclI schocs?
4 Dc yo! tr nk everyone
sho! d studyscence,
Why?A&hy
not?
5 Do youth rik lhat scence s mporiantior ycu
pe|sonay?
2 Look at the title of the text below What do
you think it wi lsay? Readit qui.k y to find out
What doesthe writer sayrnakegscience
interesting?

- r-- -r

-. lt'r

r u

1 Readthe text and think of the word which

best{its eachgap. Useon y one word ln each
gap. Therels an exampleat the beginning(0).
2 Readthe completetext again.Findshort
prrrases
that mean the sameas:
I prodlced!nerpected
y
2 to reachin under5tand
ng of something
3 separate
somethfg nto sraaer parts
4 on the who e
4 Do you agreewith the writer that scientific
knowledgehasthe potentialfor both good and
bad? Why?Ar'r'hynot?

VWfi1ffitrSfrI ilili !ri:;

iltl;m#$
r*
;mfu

E]

r I,itF

Scienceis not loAical.(0) .. ,1f,..

.. it were, scicntistsrvouldbc olrt oi a iob he.ar$c
ir$1,ulJbutus\il,lcroe\n'ii|l!rc^rl,inaIt,..
r(r'crr cc rn r lirv hrsi( i,tur5
or laws.In (2) .............
\\ords. rhere \oulcl bc (J) .. . ..........
rccat tbr experimenrddon
and hypothosis.Bnt |hat sort oi sciencewouki be boriug, because.lmos!
(4) ....-.....-.."..
rhe excitenrenrof sciencecomcs ifom tho uncxpeded nnturc bl,
iirtlngs rhro\\n l5'
h! c\nerinr(nrrrio . Ii$1.(an;re{ticr rhl.orrrcone
of cich experiment. dleD (6) . ...

-. borher to do itt

\\l1at scientistsdo (7) ..........,-.

ro obsene xnd measrre the rvorld around then. antl ,
artemrrrorhr.........-..
sense,,tir nll. Tlrq!Jo rhisbv cre,rrinA
sinrptem,xtrlsrhar
explain and predict rhe behaviourol snau parts oi the rorld, be (9) .."...::,:...-.
$'orking of .he hearr or rhe Earrh'swedthcr s),srems.Thcy use (10) ,*_._:,,..:..:
a reducdonistapproach.in (11) .,..-.. .,..they breah the problem dorvn,(12):
it.ssimplesrconponenrs.and tn ro erplain how and whw each componei,.t
iD the wav it does.
T h e a c ri fi fi e \ oi cci enri sfsl ure l ed ro an (rer-i ncr(a:i ng know l ede
T h i { k n o s l e dee h^s rl r. Fo' Ii i l i .r good and had, and sci eori srsal

for trying ro manimisethe (1:l) ..-.-_-.-..at the expenseof rhe

(1.1)-.,....,..,.-..
part. scientistsrvanrtheir disco.iriesto be medrbr dier8iiii!
humankind, blrt the! dont lrave aUth ans\ye'" arla p*1l"pS'il S1-;.;j:li:
:,,.:1;,ijt::,.u*

42

Speaking: Parts3 and 4

testyou will be
I In Part3 of the Speaking
givena problem-solving
taskto do with your
the taskyou
cartnerAfteryou havecompleted
.vil be askedsomegeneralquestions
on the
tametopic,

the task.
5 work with a partnerand complete
page
Discr.rss
the pictures
178
and
try to
on
a
decisionreach

and listento the

1 Lookat the pictures
instructions.
Whattwo thingsdo
interlocutor's
the studentshaveto do?

2 L stento two students

talkingabouttwo oJ
the pictures.
What mistakearethey making
wlth the task?Whatshouldthey be doing?

1 Thinkabouthow you wouldanswerthese

questrons,
I Doyouihinkwe depend
on 5cencetoo much
nowadays?
2 Wa\| [e ea\.. o' .ro o drrfr.
u Lv tho- gadgeL,?
3 Doyoulhinkthatlifeisgeneraly
betternowthan
It wasforourgrandparents?
4 f youwerea poitican,\,l/hatchanges
wou d you
iketo introduce
to the waywe ve nowadays?
5 What'sthe bestagefor ch ldrento startstudyng
sciencen school?
in
6 Howcanwe get moreyoungpeoplenterested
fo lowinga careerin science?

Howand when
3 Lookat the {ollowingphrases.
do we usethem?Matchthemto the functions
beow
Sowhatyoumeanbythat s ...
,Vhat meanls ..
feelthat ..
;o you'resaying
that...
m tryngto saythat...
-lowdo youfee about...?
: seems
to methat
lo youfeelthesameas ?
,Vhatdoyouth nk about. ?
clarfyngwhatsomeone
hassaid
nion
a asknq for anop
youfpointol vlew
- explaining
l

talkingabout
Listento two differentstudents
How manyof the
the othertwo pictures.
expressions
abovedo theyuse?What
difference
doesit maketo theirdiscussion
in Exerclse
1.2?
compared
with the students

*)2

Lisrento two peoplediscussing

the firsr
quesrion.
Do theyhavesimilarideasto you?
Discuss
anysimilarities
and differences
with a
partner
I Lrsten
again.Do theyuseanyoi the phrases
from Exercise
1.3?What phrases
do they useto
add information?
3 Workin groupsof three.Discuss
all the
questions
you have
in Exer(ise
2,1.Usephrases
heardto clarify,explain,askfor opinionsand add
information.
43

U\IT

.l

PLshingthe boundaies

Grammar 1i conditionals
(overview)

ffi
1 Complete
sentence
b) in eachpairsothatit
ha5a similarmeaningto sentence
a).
1 a) Youwon't passyourscience
testunlessyou
do someseriousrevision.
b) t you ...........................
somese ousrevision,
..................
.........
fai yourscience
test.
2 a)We d dn't knowthenwhatoliverwoulooo
wth the chemstryset,but lateron we wished
we'd nevergivenit to him.
b) lf we ...........................
what hewoulddo with it,
we'd neverhave9 venOliverthe chemistry
set.
a) don't haveaccess
to the Internet,so I don't
usernycoraputer
veaymuch.
b) .........
...................
mycomputermoreif I
............................
access
to the Internet.
you
press
a\ Every
r ne
rhisbutton,exuamrlkis
automatcaly addedto yourcoffee.
b) Themachine
.......
..................
to yourcoffee
wnenyou ..,....
.................
.
a) | wanteveryone
who comesfrom Londonto
standup
b) lf .............
..............
from London,
a) Don'ttouchth s lightswitchbecause
it isvery
unstabe andmightg ve youan electricshock.
b) f ............
.......
.......
thlslightswitch,it
!^tt

2^

6l6.rri.

<6^.,

^nte

Complete
theserulesaboutconditional
sentences,
Tog ve addtionalmeaningsuchaspossibility
andablityw-"usea modalverbsuchas
...............
and .................
insteadof ._....-...-....-....
or
Toexpress
a generaltruth,we useiflwhen+
presenl5tmpte
+ .........
........
_
Totalkaboutsomething
that is contrary
to a
fact in the ptsstwe use..-.........-...,....
.
Tota k aboutsomething
that is unlikelyor
contfaryto presentlactswe use..._..._..._..._.
.
{ormIn the
We(d^ .cerheirrperative
partot the conditonalstructure
whenwe want
to tel someone
to do somethingTotalkaboutsomething
that is possible
we use

Eachof thesesentences
hasa mistakewith the
E
conditional
form.Findand correctthe mistakes.
1 lf you reallywantio keepup with scientifc
youwouldhaveto readmorel
developments,
2 lf thereweremoreinformatton
aboutscience
on
television,
there3a chancethat youngpeopleshould
get interested
in it.
3 Thereis a greatofferon sci-f bookson the nternetif you buytrro, yougot onefree.
4 lwould havedonebetterat s(iencewhen wasat
schoolif I wofkedharder
5 lf I promised
to takecareof t, wil you lendmeyour
videomp3player?
6 l wouldn'ttakethatjob unlessl wereyoul
7 l{ hewentto the party,he mighthaveseenherthere.
8 lf you hadtakenup herofferof a ift, yoLlm ght got
homesooner,

ffi
1 Hereare someareaso{ lile in whichmajor
changes
couldhappenin the nearfuture.Discuss
possible(hangeswith a partner.Then makea
sentence
for eachone beginning/f... and
describing
a probableconsequence.
Example:/tcoJmetic5utgetybecames
cheaper,
nore
peoplewill want to haveit.
cosmetic
surgery:
cheaper?
moregeneraly accepted?
televasion
broadcasting:
on mobiiephones?
on computers?
moreadvertising?
geneticengineering?
medicine:
transplants?
2 Herearesomeareasin whichmajorchanges
are
possible,but may be unlikely.Discuss
possible
changesin eachof theseareaswith a partner
Thensaywhat changes
you think couldhappen
and what the resultswould be.
formsof transport waysof keepingin touch
waysof savinginformation
Examplei If carswerebannedfrom city centres,there
would be lesspollution.
3 Thinkhow your life would havebeendifferentif
thesethings had not beeninvented.
mobilephones cars computergames
Example: ff mobile phone- hddn t beeh invened, I
wouldn't have been able to call my friends sa easily.

L\IT .1 Puslr
nqth bolndaries

the
4 Workin a group.Firstcomplete
in a waythat istfue for you,then
sentences
youranswers
with othersin the 9roup.
compare
f havesomefreet metonight,..
fluentn anyother
lf become
completely
l a n g u a g|e...
,
lf wona lot of money,...
in theworld, . .
lf I couldiveanywhere
younger,
When was
if I hadknown

Exam focus
Paper4 Listening:
multiplechoice
(Part1)
About the exam: in Paper4, Part 1, you istento
ihree short extractsof about one-minuteeach.
: yoJ li<lFn.voJ ar5wp'two mdlt ple (l-or.

a:l
* Youwill hearthree dif{erentextracts.For
questions1-6, choosethe answer(A, B or C)
whichfits bestaccording
to what you hear There
are two questionsfor eachextract.

Youoverhear
two {riends,Philand Miranda,
chattingat a science
conference.
1 HowdoesM randafee aboutherjob?
A disappointed
wth thesaary
g keento stando nq morepractca work
C optimisiic
aboutherchances
ol promotion
job does
2 Whatdrawback
teaching
of h s cLrrrent
Phiimention?
A theconstraints
heworksunder
B the attitudeof stlrdents
C thelackof laciities

_he

three extrads are not linked ln any way and

. ou will hear a range of dif{erentspeakers,
:ontexlsand topicsacrossthe three texts.You
,learea(h extracttwice be{ore moving on to the
"ext one. Thi5part of the examtestsyour abiLlty
:o understandthe gist of what peoplesay,their
rplnions,feelingsand attitudesand whether or
-rot speakersare agreeingwith each other.
suggested procedure
- Readthe two questionsfor eachextract
beforeyou listen.Usethe informationon the
paqe to help you. Rememberthe context
senlenceon the page will give you
informationabout the speakers,
contextand
topic,and the questionsthemselvesgive you
some in{ormationabout what you're going to

Thefirsttime you llsten,markthe answeryou

evenil
think iscorrect'forbothquestions,
Thesecondtime,iistento checkyolrranswer
[ o be sL r eLh d L
theorhFrlwo opl o'< are
"'ld
wrong,
f you'renot sure,then gue9s.
You'veprobably
understood
morethan you thinkand you
don't losemarksfor wrongansweTs.

Youheara marriedcoupletalkingon the radio

abouttheirfamilylife.
3 Themansaysthattheonlyd sadvantage
of having
sucha largefamilys
plans.
A it restricts
theirablityto makeong-term
particLJ
it's
had
respond
1d's
B
to
to eachch
ar
needs
C I . n " k p srrd f _ , k ro d o r n 9 (o L e \ p -' o '
themoment.
Thewomantellsusabouttheirho dayplansin
orderto stress
that
you9o.
A problems
canoccurwherever
B children
should
be ncluded
in actvtiesther
parentsenloy.
C irs betteno(to beovera-rb
uoLs.'plan'i'g
familyactivities.

Youoverhear
two work colleagues
talking.
5 Whatisthemandong?
A apologislng
for something
B blaminqsomeone
e sefor somethng
C explaining
howsomething
happened
6 Howdoesthe wonan react?
A Sheadmits
thatshe!hadsm larexperences
I Sheadvises
himon a sensib
e courseof action.
C shereassures
h m thathe'sdonetherightth ng.
45

I NIT I

Pu , i n! t r bolnddr Fr

Reading; gappedtext (parr2)

1 Are you an optimistor a pessimist?
Do you
think that thingshappenrandomly,
or for a
reason?

rs Movr.t6FAsrERTr.rAN
{AA1QIEUE
-roJotNtTI
oN6- r'/M6orNG
THrS

Readthe Jirstparagraph
of the articlebelow
Do youthink the writer isgoingto be positive
or negative
aboutlife?Explainwhatyou thlnk
'Murphy's
Law'is.
Readthe wholearticle.Sixparagraphs
have
beenremovedfrom the artice. Choose
{rorn
the paragraphs
A-G the one whichfits each
gap (1-6).Thereisone extraparagraph
whrch
you do not needto use.

Ifyou lvereto spread

somcjrn on a picceot breaoaDq
thenaccidenlnlly
dropit. MurphysLa$'dtclares
thal ir
uouldthll,annoynrely,
on lhesidccoarcdrlith ja|n.(if.
if you$,eredrildnghaslilylo.eacban iDporlanldalc.
['{ufphys l-awdictatcslhtf ]'ourcar.lbr rbr Ilrsttinrc
in Jcars,\'r'ould,
ol course.brcakdosD.

a\

-Edlvardi\,lurphyr!.rs aD enginccr!\i1h tht LiS,\ir

Forcc,Hc coincdthc |erm duriDga prcjectto testlhc
tolerance
ol humanbcingsto ciccrioDfron thc latcsl
t 0 jet alrcrafi.Thprojectinvohcdshoorinsa rockel-stcd
acrossthe base,acceleraling
lolur)rccrpassengers
to
specdsin excess01 610 milespcr hour,\r:hichrhct)
stoppedin 1.4 scconds.
For onc ol rhe expcrnncnrs
sixteensensors
badto begluedro Lherdunreert bod\.
15 Thercrverehvo ruaysthesecorld be alrachedano.or
course,achtendcdto ger sruckon rhe riTong\{,ay

>-{
fr

l*'i
f\
F=
/\/.

Morcolrr, the projectmanagerkcpl a lisrof'laws rhal

he deemedi'itai to rhe successot tulure erpcrinrnrs.
Hc added the ncw Murphyk Law rhus naldng 1r
inr c g ruro
l l h e d ti a ti rn n d u s r^ .0 rh rr n rnurdcruri nB
jnduslriespickedup on the useli fle$,rerm and sooniL
flas beingquotedinnes6papersal1dmagdnresand.in
l9 58, $'asincludcdin I'l?bsters Dirtionatu.

You do noi, lor exanple, mate a tllo-pin plus

symmeiricalthcn labei it This r!a) up'. If it marrefs
n'hich way it is plugged in, I'ou maie it asymmetrical in
shape.This js not to say that the la$, has no usc aN*ay

46

ko manula.turingindL6tries
or thattt isirrelevantto
30 ellrlday lilc.
4
'I hcreis anolhcrn nrclbr suchexamplcs-.Sod
sLaw'.
'Ihis litle is dcrivedirotn the l ct that if something
cirtastrophic
is likclyto go ft,rong,ir will go wronglbr
the poofsoLrlwho necdsit least.Thereare coDntlcss
otherrxanrplcs.
anrcngthemrLottoLaw in whichyou
h.trc hccn plJVrng srme nLmb.rs.in('cdr;r$
'hf
numberonc. You l?lncy
a changc.aDd tben you_r
oflgir.,lnurrrb(ri,rcJr.r\vn.Plds.I,Lr Lur{.nbich
sr:,r<.
rhJr I r,'u cc,lro (rrry r chil . hc jhc rrtll
'Jr
$ant io nalk.It follou,s
thatit younecda child
to roalk,
he or shclvill ilani io becarricd.

Ilut dcspite Lhis long pedigrec.ihcre is no scieitlilic

eridencclo supporilvlurphy'sLaw tself, jt's all dorvn
to perccption.The alarm clock rhar failed to go ofl
uhen you neededli most has Fobably been ultrareliablc for nrany yelrrs. Thc trct is thar you only
registefthe occasjonsthrt causeproblemsand not ihe

dozensolrimesyourdaystartssDroorhly.
Bnt while it is possible that Edlvard Murphy's
announcement has sard a lot ol lives, the sad Iacr is
I\' ' r h. $., ki l l ed b) hi , o$n hsl O nc cr elins
Nlurphy\ car ran out ol peh]ot.He hitch-hiked to a
perrol slaLion,correcliy factrg .he oncoming rraflic,
bl r !a,.r,uck fi om behi ndby a B aF.l- r ouf l\ r $t u
$-^ dnt Id, n rhe\^rons. dc of rh"
-ao

L\IT

Howeler, theE is a scie lifrc applicallonjn

thatbasic premise.'tl sonelhing can go
s'rong, it rvill. By working on lhis basis.
scientiststryb eliminaleany possibililroI
disasteror failure.rrtherlhan 1run
probability.
rn rcality l,Iurphyt La$'has beenaround
longbclbrc hrmans $'.lked the planel.You
ca, nnaginea rvoundeddinosaurmaking
his $'ay home and beins coDlrontedby two
diltcrcnt and unkno('n routes.one lerds 10
homc and salcty.the other b an ambush
and u/c allhnowafiich o.e he {ould take.
In shorL,if anlthing can go wrong it $'i11.
or, as ld$raftlA. tr'luruhyfirst srid nr 1949:
'il thcrc arc lwo or morc i'r'aysto do
somcthing,and o'rc ol thosecan result in
c trN tr ophc . lhc D
s omc o n cw i l l d o i t. T h i s
sad lrulh r s lhc basicprcmjscof Murphy s
So.$r shouldrcmcmberthrt l\'turphr"sLat!
js noi just I thro$a\r! y commcnLto cxplain
w h y b rc adwouldl?r llj a m' s i ddco rd ,r.Ili s a D
ol
i n l cg r r lplr l ol I wk les p e c l ru )n
lorhnifal cullures rnd only by cmploynrg
N'lurphykLl$' Ind t|cling upon iLcrn
cngiirccrsbc llmosl cerl jn lhrt nolhirg
willgo nrrong.In sonrccirclcslhis principlc
is knowf s dcfensivcdesjsn.
This is rlhat lcd lldward l\'lurphyto
pronounccdrc lar{".Shortly aieNrrds, rl
a pfcssoonlcrcrcc,thc lcam s goodsalely
rccord was pul do$'n lo a trnl beliefin
Murphy'sLaw and 10th rcccssit!'of
dccldrg cvcrylhlng lnriccand trrrace
again
The mosl popularol lhcseis: ll anllhing
can go rrong, it will. This tolL !'ariantis
$metimes reterre.lto as llnaglchLa$r as
popularisedin Lhescienceliclion no,iclsol'
Larry Nircn. He depicleda frorlicrcullurc
ol Nteroid miners who u(rrfiippcd thc
dre.d sod Finasleand his mad prophcl.
furphir

G Todalal,Iurphy'sLas' is senerallylooked
upon as beinglessassocirtedu,iLhprecise
and sensiblemanufacturingtechnntuesand
morc to thc stresses
of our moden lile and
ts ne$.t rcledtechnoloc! Takethe alarm
clock is it notthe casethatwheneler tou
havc somcthingimporta. t to do the ne\r
morning, thc alarm rill not go olf: Or
cscalators can itbe thatthe firn one )ou
IiDdis ahvat'sgoingthe s'rong $'aI:

P u s hn 9 t h e b o l n d a r e s

3 Matchthe words and phrasesto the closest

meaning.Lookbackat the text to seei{ you were
right.
a) a trap
I coated(para1)
(para
2 hasrily
1)
b) withan injury
speed
3 co n a ternr(para2)
c) increasing
(para2)
d) movingstarcases
4 accelerating
(paral)
5 deemed
e) namesomething
f) ln a hurry
6 wounded(option8)
(opton
7 ambush
B)
with
9) covered
8 new-fan9
ed(option
G) h) considered
(optionG)
i) confusnqlymodern
9 escalators
thesequestions4 Discuss
Lawin yourlanguage?
1 Doyouhavea termfor lvlurphy's
Whats t?
n it, or do youthinkthatthingshappen
2 Doyoubelieve
andyouonlyremernber
the badones?
bychance

Listening: sentencecompletron
(Part 2)
1 You wrrl l-earpart of a radroprogrammein
which a sciencebook called The Red canary by
Professor
Tim Birkheadis being reviewed.cornplele
the sentences.

The Red Canary

I'rcfessorTimBirkheads field olstudy
(l )
Thc speakerfeelsthat P.of. Birkheads book
frlls into the categoryknown as
.. ..
. (2)
praises
Thc speaker
rhc {lualiryof
P | of.B nkneads.... .. .... ... (3)
Thc book is mosdyabouta mancalledHansl)uncker.
who workedasa ............... ... .. (4) in Gemany.
HansDunckerscl out to p.o!c that hc couLdbrecda
crnarl with rcd . ... ... . .. ... (5)
The spe.tu fcelsthal rhe
. .... .. (6) of thc
book mates a ratherexaggcrarcd
ciuim.
HansDunckcr'swork is nol what would bc callcd
. /7j ruJa).
(8)
The facl tbdt namnrsosear
.... ... ..
explainsthei pink cotour.

in readinga booklike
2 Wouldyou be interested
this?Why?Mhynot?
Do youthink that sclentists
shouldinterferewith the
genetics
of plantsand animals?

47

ll

fr
ilt

INIT .1 Pu s hn9

^-

'1t""""

- **,"

B.
.torher medi.al djscoyerycatueabour ivhetrcarnarion
iarmcrs dskedshv dreir flowerswouldn'r bloom.
(5) .
disco\eredrhat the gas thar ivasbcnrgused
to lighr rhe greelho$es $as the reason.The gas ivas
thcn lornd to h.l eren more (6)
properti$
humanswere exposed
'vhen

Vocabulary 2i wo rd {ormation }
i

'I Lookat t he text

you work out whichi
xt.
medicaldiscovery
i5beingdescribed
in each :
section?
Writethe nameof the discovery
ar a
headingA. B,C or D.
l*,,!,iq4r@qu,4da,4q"i"4+*$*i-4"

Medical discoveriesmade
by chance

I
\

c..
,\ccordini to legend,this druEwns
discoveredwhen a South
.\merican man
the diseasc
'vith
(7) . ....... drmk wnter liom a
buckct contnminnredbX the sap
irom a parrioularlree IIis fevcr
then (8) .. . ... dhappear cd.

Not a1lnrcdicalnishaps havc a bad end.

ln fact, the histon ol scieDccis tull oi
storics ol ho$ peopleradc rcallrimportant scientitic (1) ... .. .......
by

D ........ .
Ior cxa'ntle, it! well known th.t rhis drug
wns discoveredrvhcn Dr Flehing sportedsonrc
DrouldgrowiDgon a Pctri dish. Lcsswcll known
is dr.t rbis rvasDot rhc o'rlI fluke in drc drudl
discovcry.Six ycars (2) .. ........., onc ol
FlehirrA'solvn lcars fcll onto a bactcri, s3mplc.
IIc found rbar drc spot Nhere it full rcnraincd
sterile. lt was this th.t A.ve hir)l thc idca rhar
ccrftdr compoundsniAhr show sonrc(3) . . .. .... ro
bictcri!'l (1)
.

1 Readthe text again.Usethe word given

in capitals
to form a word that fits in
eachnumberedgap.
.I BREAK
2 PREVIOUS
3 RESIST
4 GROW
5 BOTANY

5
7
8
9
10

CREDIBLE
ACCIDENT
MIRACLE
DIAGNOSIS
PHOTOGRAPH

2 Write the words from above.Thereis

sometrmes
morethan one word,
1 a compound
nounmadefroma phrasal
verb
2
3
4
5
6
7

4a

an advebmadefroman adjective
anadlectve
nrade
froma noun
anadverb
madeffoma noun
a nouniormedfroma verb
a nounformedfromanothernoun
an adjective
formedfromanotheradjeciive

(9)....... tool wasdiscover ed

Nhen a physicistiv{s studying
whether cathodc riys could
csc.pe lrom n glassrub wra|ped
in taper. $rhen thcy showedut on a
tluorescentscreonA mcrrc rw{y, hc
rcAlisedrhis ncw t:,pc ol rrX could cvcn
rccord r humnn skcltonon a (10)

3 Discuss
thesequestions.
I Whatdoyouthlnkhavebeenthe rnosts gnifcant
medrcadiscoveries
in h story?
2 what medical
d scover
esdoyouth nk w I bemadein
thetuture?

Grammar 2: conditionals (advanceo,

1
Whichof the optionsbeloware grammatically
possible
to completeea(hsentence?
Tickall the
possible
options.
Hewou d neverhavebecome
famoLls
a) hadhe beena typca scienrst
b) if he hadbeena typca scentrst
c) i he musthavebeena typicascentist
Peaseaskthe doctorfor mytestresuts
a) t youhappen
to seeher.
b) f yousholldseeher.
c) if youseeher.
dl \vereyo! to seeher

f\IT

people
a)Supposing
coud livefor two hundred
years,
b t.e f ppoo" (o .ld rlarorr!\o h-noredyea.s.
cl r casepeooleLoud | /a ro v\o | .ndrpdypa'\,
d) magnethat peoplecould ivefor two hundred
years,
howmanywoud realywantto7
a) f youwereto findsomeof hisDNA,
b) f youhadfoundsomeof hisDNA,
c) Hadyoufoundsomeof hisDNA,
d) Provided
that youfoundsomeof h s DNA,
its stil unlikely
thatyoucoud cloneW llram
Shakespeare
l'l seef the doctors free
a)it you'lwaithere.
b) f youwait here
c) ii yoLrwereto wa t here.
5 woud be deightedfor himto partc pate n the
research
re wo- o dg,ee10sl d'" -'e'osls
a u_1e55
b)wereheto agreeto share
thecosts.
c)as ongashewouldagreeto share
thecosts.
you ticked,
2 Lookat all the conditional
clauses
and highlighttheirstructure.
I anotherlnkerwth a s m larmeaning
to ln -54,
wereto (stressing
that somethng s hypothetical)
in
theconditona clause:
a modaverb(suggest
ng thatsometh
ng s
u n l k ely)
in a co n d itona
cause:
happento (suggest
ng that somethng s unikey)
in a conditona c ause:...
5 an inverson
in a conditonacause:
6 r1l//(mean
n9 'arewilingto') ntheifclause:
3 Oneo{ thesestatements
isfalse.Findthe Jalse
statement.
a) lls ng an nverson s TnoTe
forma thanusinglf.
h) Suppasing
andimaginearemorepoite than/f
c) I)sngif + was/were
ta stresses
that we aretalking
abouta hypothetical
event.
d) /f+ w// s usedn polterequests
li crammarreference,
p.194(3)

.1 Plshingthe boundares

Watch Out! in caseand if

/n casedoesnot havethe samemeaningas/F.
/n caieis usedto ta k aboutprecautons
something
we do to preventor avod a probem
Takesomesuncream
with youln caseyou needit.
useyoursuncream
ilyou sunbathe.
2 Oneword is missing
in eachof these
sentences,
Putit in the correctplace,
Example:
[Youto continuewith yoLrstld es,I am sureyou
wouldbecomea competent
5cent5t
1 Wespentmoret me studyng,we m ght havebeen
mOresUCcessfLrl.
2 lf yo! justbepatient,'m 5uretheteacher
w I be
heresoon.
3 11| weresaythat wantedto becorne
a scientsl,
whatwouldyousay?
4 li youhappenseeihe f inr before do, pleasedon't
tellmetheend!
5 Suppos
ng I changed
the dateof your
appointment,
thatbea problem?
3 Rewritethe sentences
usingthe words in
brackets.
I won'tusewireessconnection
to thelnternet
if
l'm not sureit3 safe.(unless)
YoLrwoLrldn't
haveth s problemf you'dtakenmy
(had)
advice.
lmaglnethat someone
lounda cLrre
fof the
commoncold,theywouldbe famousl(r,vere)
I can'tfind mycarkeys if youf nd themby
chance,
couldyoucaI me?(happer)
Thegametonightwil not becan.eledif the
(provlded
weatherimproves.
that)
6 I sheworkshard,shew I besuccessful.
(aslang as)
4 Workwith a partner.Lookat the dilemmas
below,and dis(uss
whatyou thinkthe solutions
couldbe.Thenthink of anotherdilemmato ask
otherstudenisin the class
to discuss.
lf you happenFd ta tnint thdLtou! Itend v'r'a,

spendingtoo much timeplayingcomputergames,

whatwauldyou do?
lf you happenedta seesameonetravellingon a bus
wihout a ticket,whatwauldyou do?

UNIT 4

Pushing
the boundares

Vocabulary 3: collocations,
fixed
phrases
and idioms
Collocations
A collocationis a combinationof wordsthat
are usuallyusedtogethet e.g.catcha cold.
1 Theverbsin the followingsentences
have
similarmeanings,
but onlyonewill collocate
with
the followingnoun.Choosethe bestverbto
completethe sentences.
Thenunderlinethe full
collocation.
1 Somepeoplecanhold/ maintain/ keeptheii
brearhunderwaterfor a longtime.
2 Footballers
areat riskof injury,
andoltenbend/
curl/ twistthei ankleor knee.
3 Athletescanpull/ drag/ haula muscleif they
don'twarmup properly
beforetheyrun.
4 Scientists
.an get/ make/ havea goodliving,
especially
if theywritebooks.
5 People
hack/ probe/ lookintocornputers
to get
personal
information
illegally.
6 lf youusethe Internet
a lot,youshouldalways
note/ bookmark
/ bookyourfavourite
web pages.
7 lt s importantto prioritise
/ rank/ orderyourwork
sothatyoucanmakethe bestuseof yourtime.
8 Scientists
conduct/ control/ checkexperiments
on
animals
before
tryingnewdrugson humans.
2 Choosethe adverbwhichcollocates
best
with the adjectives
in thesesentences.
1 Theplaywasutterly/ mainlyhilarious
- | couldn't
stoplaughing.
Shewasbitterly/ complete/y
disappointed
with his
reactron
to hernews.
Theprojectwashugely/ greatlysuccessful,
and
changed
thecompanys
approach
to sales.
Le fell totally/ deeplygratefulfor havingbeen
giventheopportunity
to do thejob.
Hewasabsolutet/ enormously
impressed
by her
knowledge
of technology.
Shewascomplefely
/ exactlyabsorbed
in herwork
andhatedtakingholidays.
TIP!Whenyou learnnew vocabulary,
write
downall possible
collocations.
Thiswill makeit
easierto remember
and usecorrectlv.

rl

FlJ'.r .so
I

Fixedphrases
A fixed phraseis a combinationof wordsthat
are afwaysusedtogether e.g.a matterof
opinion.
3 Matchthe sentences
halves.Theexpressions
in bold makefixed phrases
whichfollow the
patternnoun+ of + noun.
1 Youhaveeveryrightto express
yourown point
proof
2 Everyone
hasto provide
3 Everything
shesaidwasa pack
goeswrongin thescience
4 Whensomething
labit
maybe an accident,
a twist
5 Children
shouldbe encouraged
to develop
a sense
a) of lies,andI didn'tbelieve
a wordof it.
b) of view, but I am entitled
to disagree
with it.
c) of identitywhentheysetup a mobilephone
contract.
d) of curiosity,asihiswill helpthemdevelop
scientific
skills.
e) of fate or justan unforeseen
chemical
reaction.

ldioms
An idiom is a group of wordsthat hasa
differentmeaningfrom the usualmeaningof
the separatewords,e.g.a pieceof cake=
somethingthat is easyto do.
4 Lookat what peoplehavesaid.Which
sentenceanswersthe questionsbelow?Theyare
not in the sameorder.
Example:
1 - d) Designinga websiteisn't rocketsclence.
l'msorry- ljustdon'tthinkthatdesigning
a
websiteisthatdifficultl
l'vejustboughta newcomputer
andl'm hoping
that myfatherwill payfor itl
I hadn'theardfromherfor years,
so heremailwas
totallyunexpected.
I thinkthatthewaytheytalkto eachotheristhe
realissue.
You'rea waystal,inga riskwith advertising
- it s
impossible
to be precise
withyourpredictions
of
profit.
a) What'sat the rootof the problem?
b) Whatcameout of the blue?
c) Whowill haveto footthe bill?
d) Whatisn'trocketscience?
e) Whatisn'tan exactscience?

t NIT .1 Pushrqtlreboundaris

Examfocus
Paper3 Useof English:gapped
sentences(Part4)
About the exam: In Paper3, Part4, you are given
5 x setsof three separatesentences,
eachone
,,/itha 9ap. For eachset you haveto find one
,vordwhich can Jiil allthree gaps;theword wil
a waysbe in the sameform and will alwaysbe
.rteda5the samepart of speech,
Thistask testsyour knowledgeoJ vocabulary.
lifferent words wil {it in the gap5in the
sen'tences,
but only one word will fit in all three.
So it is not possibleto baseyour answeron only
one sentence,or even on two 011hem,
The bestway to preparefor this examtask is to
iecordvocabularyin phrasesratherthan single
words,and to checkall possiblemeaningsand
collocations
ot words in a dictionarysucha5 the
Langman ExamsDictionary.
Suggestedprocedure
1 Readthrough the three sentences.
lf you think
of a possibleword to {i I the gaps,do not
wri'teanything until you have read all the
sentences
and you are surethat the word lits
all three contexts.
2 l{you cannot immediatelythinkof a suitabe
word, checkwhat part of speechis required,
e.g. noun, verb or adjective-You will probably
alreadyknow the main meaningof the word,
but you may not recogniseit immediatelyin
thesecontexts.Look .arefulLyat the other
words in the sentenceand see i{ they suggest
any collocations
or grammaticalpatterns(e.9.
prepositions).
look at
3 1fyou still can'tthinko{a possibleword, leave
the questionand go backto it later.
4 Checkthe dictionarydefinitionof the word
you have cho5en.Doesit fit allthree uses?

Forquestions
1-5,think of one word onlywhich
canbe usedappropriately
in all threesentences.
Herei5an example(0).
Example:
0 Thedt.nof thtstasl sto teet VoU..no\"ogao!
vocaourary
Thedrugcompanyhasdecidednot to
ts
'3if
products
on animals
in future.
In orderto 'q,--e!
out hisnewtheory,the scientst
hastakenoverthe university
laboratory.
1 In the
......
term,thereisverylttle chanceof
fundingfor furtherresearch
intothe nratter
ll
Therew bea . . .. . . breakafterthe next ecture
to givestudents
the chanceto graba coffee.
After(||-nbrng
to thetooof t_esut.s.t. e " derly
professor
wasrather.... ..... of breath.
proposal
2 Thescientist's
to do furtherresearch
into
hissubject
hasbeen.
bythef nance
committee.
Whentherewasa totaleclipse,
the moon
completey
. ...
outthelght of thesun.
Theroadlo the airporthasbeencompletely
... .......by an overturned
lorry.
3 lf the collegebuysitscompLlter
equlpment
in bu k,
It maygeta special
. ... fromthesuppler.
Therehasbeena great. ....... of moneyInvested
ln research
intoglobalwarming
years.
in recent
Somepeoplecompa n abouthavng to walkhome
In thedarl.,burlorre rL no oig
4 Asthe weatherdeteriorated,
t becarne
obvrous
that we wouldhaveto ......... backandf ind a
hotelin the townwe'djust passed
through.
you
When
seethe hotelonyourleft,you needto
... . rightimmediaiely
afterwards.
lf you . ..........
..the pieceof paperovetyou't see
myaddress
on ihe back.
5 Terry!in the ........
....of applyingfor a newjob wth
a pharmaceutical
company.
Scientists
aredeveopinga new ... .......
that w I
allowminerals
io be extracted
fromwaste
Youmu lche.l,Ire lenped -re a pa(hJage _
the cheese
making............

:'ii:: -

tiNll

.r

Pus hi! t he boundar es

W rit ing: a r t i c l e( P a r2t )

paragraphs.
2 Lookat the two introductory

'| In Paper2, Part 2, you rray be askedto

write an article.Thiscan be on a range of topics
for different types oJ reader, but there are some
featuresthat are true of any afticle.

2 moresultab
e astheintroduct
on to anartc e for a
nLrdent
rnagaz
ne?Why?

1 Look back at the articleon page 45. Which oJ

the following statementsabout articlesis not
true?
An art c e:
. shouldhavean intefegting
tte
. shoud havean engagng openng pafagraph
to
catchthe feadefsnterest,
wh ch can nclude(or
beginwth)a question
to invovethe reader
. shouldhavebu et po ntsand headnqs
. canbe in a forma, rnformaor neutralstyle
dependng on the targetreader
. sholldfn sh wth a statement
or concllsonwhich
g
ves
wr
sums!p and
the tels op n on
. cantalkto the readerd recty,using I
2 What other wayscan you think of to make an
articleinterestingfor readers?Choosethe
most important from the ist.
. ncludeglrLrctLrre5
to provde emphags
. provde specfic examplesto I ustratepo n1s,not
lustgeneralstatements
. used rectgpeech
whereappropf:te
. useparaqrapn5
. 6 o d 96 oJ

of structLJres

- ar . \ . . g \ oc ao . al

"- 1 d "

t","- )

2
1 Lookat the writingtaskbelowand answerthe
questions.
I Howmanyth ngsdoyouhaveto do?Under
ine
them
2 Whow I readyouran c e?
3 Whatstye wouldbe bestfor the targetreader?
An international
rnagazine
{or youngpeople
hasaskedreaders
to sendin art;cles
on the
garres- d (ompletewarle
lop'( ol CompuLe.
of time and money'.Writean article
supporting
or disagreejng
with the statement,
and grveyour reasons,
Writeyourarticlein 220 250words-

52

S(re

p%ple
oi

da3fe
oppo3ife

a1

_r .hpdre.

gadr.

a.e a

fLre

and Mne!,
bur ol1rers l-6ld 1t
_l1rere
poinr ot vied
d{e .\eaAL1 fd.rd(3

ttE+ aan tp ci+ed on bdth 3\de3i dfd tfet7.e,ed,

+o be bdLan@d (, ..de(

Do

16

love 6p+et

la d.4e'3

S.nes

\1'p, lcre

or hrie

+heh?

Wldever yar ?o,"+ a+ vien, p) aye vo+ alo$el

9/ch garcs +qt +o bvin obar+ er+re,..e
rea+ta.,s t^ ?eo?le)a# ihere is lii*le m;d/le
grounJ.$lty is +his? Le+'s {ih/ ou+.

3
1 Decidewhetheryou agreewith the statement
in the task,and writedownthreemainpoints
that yoLrwantto make.
2 Startingwith the introductory
paragraph
you
chosein Exercise
2-2,writethreenew
paragraphs,
one for eachpointyoLrwant to
make.Remember
to supporteachpointwith
extradetails,andto linkyourparagraphs
together.
3 Writeyourconcusion,lt canbe a whole
paragraph,
or justone or two lines.Remember
your
to returnto the topic,and to summarise
own opinion,
4 Useyourgrammarchecklist
to makesure
you havenot mademistakes,
your
then exchange
articlewith a partner.Doesyourpartner{ind
yourarticleinteresting?
Do theyhaveany
suggestions
for makingit moreinteresting?
'' Writing referencep.208

uNIr
1 Readthe text below and think of the word
which best fits eachgap. lJseonly one word in each
gap. Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0).

How you can help science

(lrxnn) hrds cvider(e ()f alien lifa usnrg the Pc
her claLrghterboLrsht heL so (0) ..t-4at they
coukt keep (1) . .. .
touch vi:r enuils. An
rccounlrnt discovcrs a curc'L,r canccr \hilc
trki n g a l) r c ak ( 2) . ...... p r' o c c s s i n g
tx x
returns ('1 his laPL()P,\ Lccn.rgcr'sPols.r comcl
h crd i ng ( 3) , , . . . ra n h x n d N rrn s
govcrnnrcnt s.icntists lbout iL l)o you tlrink
Lhcsc st(fies xre tnre or filsc?
A | .' . r s l lL) . . ' n. l ;,
rl .u rn l l (l )
plots ol llolhwood blockbusrcfs, Ihcy coLrkl lllr
bcconrc rc1ll-lilesrcdcs ll)rnlis L()r quicl
rcvo l L r ljonr l) r l nr r y c h rn g c (5 ) . .. .. . fl c c o f

An Anrcricrn cor)pLrrcr'scicnlist rerljsccl d)xl

nn)st I,Cs spcnd .r lot of rnne doing nolhing
exccPt .Lisphying scrccnsxvers,!.d clccnled l()
r , , , r , i, , t - i. . rl t,$ (r."
l l .(.( J I( I(.
f.|| |r
(6 )
us 0. I I c s c t u p tb e s rT l @ h o n c
pr()Jcc!,n (r)
. ... PC os,ncrs xgreed Ir)
xllow then ldle compurels to scour mdjo
xsnr)nonr_vdxra lbr signs (8) .. . .. life on
oiher pliners. (9)
. .. .. expefise r.rs rquire.l
on ihe (I0) .. . .. . of drc I'c ownc., rnd
Trl ror . 1. , . . { ! r ' 11 /l l \
$ ' .,i $ i J ,
Suddnly tltc i.lc2 ol somconc s gmndDnnher
bccoming lhc ilrs! 1()fl|d Extru Teffestrirls
d ()csnl look quile ( 1 2 ) ...........
siilv
(13). .. .. .. :r resuh rhere is nor, gros,ing
public nrvolvemem in genuhe, living scicncc.
!'or vears. re \1otd rmrtcu. has bccn
shorihan.l lbr'sloppl and lnlrddle heldcd' bu!
the w.r comcs tu)m Latin $hefe it nreans one
$ho loves somerhing'. Nlaire science is not

(r4J
. . . for professjonals
ifter (15)
an.l * should all learn to 1o|e iI

Go to

4 Re v i e w

2 Readthe text again.Answerthe

questions.
1 Wheredo youthinkthetextwaswrtten?
a) in a trendymagaznefor teenageTs
journal
b)in a serious
scientfic
popular
c) in a
magazine
science
for general
lnretesr
2 Whodo youthinkarethe tarqetreaders?
a)scentists
b)anyone
cl reacners
3 Whatstyleisthe textwritten n?
a) mostlyformal
b) mostlyinforma
3 Findwordsor phrases
in the text that
meanthe sameasthe wordsin italicsin the
followingsentences.
Whichwordsare more
formal?
1 Shewantedto malrtalnco,'rtact
w th her.(para1)
2 Hewasrelaxing.lpata
1)
3 A teenager
observes
a cornet.(para1)
4 Heestabrshed
the prolect.(para3)
(para3l
5 lvlilionsof peoplehave/eglste/ed.
people
part.
(paft
6 More
are taking
4)
4
1 Findthesewords in the text. What part of
speech
arethey?Whatarethe otherforms
of the sameword?
technological warn revolution
expertrse evidence genuine
2 Completethe sentencesusingthe correct
form of a word from the box above.
I A teenager
emaileda
to the
government
aboutthedangers
of an
approachrng
comet.
2 l' mn o t v e ry g o o d wt h u s n 9 . . ma n u a s ,
l'm afraidgadgetsunnerue
mel
He'sa real . ... on astronomy
- there's
nothinghe doesn'tknowaboutthe stars.
Whenihe mousematwasfirstintrod!ced,t
wasreqarded
asa
new dea.
lwas
....surprised
by the success
of the
project.

53

IT

Thrills
andskills
Listening 1: multiplematching O
(Part4)
, :1 ,
1 Answerthe quertions.

2
Howdo you thinkthe worldo{ sporthaschanged
sinceyour parentswere young?Listento {ive
peopletalking.Matcheachspeaker
(1-5)to one of
the topics(A-F).Thereis one topic you do not need
to use.
reasons
for takingpartin spoft
1
Speaker
I the sponingfaciltiesavalabe
2
Speaker
c innovations
in sport
Speaker
3
D attitudes
towardshealthandfitness Speaker
4
the costof buyingsportsequrpment Speaker
5
the incomeandstatusof spoirsstars

[l
fTtrl
fffi
[[
l=Ttl

2 Do you agreewith whatthesepeoplesay?Would

you add an,.thing?
Howdo you thinkthesethings
might<hangein the future?
3
Cl 1 Now |stento two peopletalkingaboutsport.lJsing
pointsA-F aboveas headings,
makeshortnotes
abouttheir ideas,and comparethemwith yours.
O 2 Listenagain.What unusualsportsdo the speakers
mention?
4
1 Workwith a partnerlmaginethat you are
developing
a new sport,and aregoingto combine
two differentsportsin the way that Boxercise
or
BouncyBoxingdo- Choo5elrom the sportsbeloW
andthink about:
. whichtwo sportsyouwantto combine
. how youwoud p ay yournewsport
. why peoplewouldenjoyit
. whatyouwouldcallit.
tennis hockey horse-r
d ng basketba
I
irampolining baseball anyother

2 Compareyour answerswith a partner

andthe restot the class.
lssportgenerally
popular?Why?Mhy not?

cycling

2 Tellother studentsabout your new sport.Make

sureyou give reasonswhy peoplewould enjoy it.
Thenvote for the new sportthe classwould most
like to try.

t N IT 5 Thrl sandslls

iers/mod
ifiers
Grammar 1: intensif

2
Decide which of these adjectivesfrom the text
are g dddble.e.g. lntereiting,and wl.ich are
ungradable,e.g-imposrible.Write G
(gradable)or U (ungradable)next to eachone

1
1 Look at these two sentences{rom the
listening.underlinethe modlfierand the
adjectivein eachsentence.Canyou thlnk of
you could usewith each
any other intensifiers
adjective?

Tobe perfectly
honest
Protess
ona sport s veryconservative
at heart
2 Readthe text below. Decideif you can useone
or both of the alternativesin eachcase

EX T REM
E SPORT
: exThornpson
s a bobsegh
rderWhy
does
shedo t7
(l)lrqrl
:erause
shes addkted
tospeed.Th
s beconres
JJlo/rttr earwhenshedesobe,whata bobs
eghrun,
, d"
s 0",- ) fdr, .anDtFt"L
fals
butthenthetrack a,"'ray
and1l\ lJ) rcr!/ rcalu
;en1le,
(4)realt/
pcksup,andsome
i:eepThat!wheitheepeed
The
i)iolrleramaz
n9thris kck n.'Howongdoesh take?
:nsurer
shegvesis(5)qrite/ utre4mnd-bowing
- about
r9 seconds.lle
speed
she
reaches
is
120kph,
averaqe
and
re onlythjng
bodyffomtheice!
5eparallngAex's
:i5entalya iat peceofmetal
her
onskates.
LyngheadJirst,
. s\b ly s \6)extrcneiy
/ tatally
lmitedandshecansee
:.y about
onemetre
ahead,When
she!travelling
at speed
:re t nreshehasto rnake
dci!onsis11)very/ uttey
iroft Whnt goes
we , thewholeexparience
canbe
3)absolutely
Asked
whether
/ tatalyauetwhehiring.
she
thathersport5 es9wellfunded
lhanothe6,Alex
'!e s upset
'l'd lkemoremoney
it,glslightly
/ conpletelyhanest
:i (ourse
lwoud But'ddot anywayI'sl1A)extrcneiy
/
b,
or."d
..r.
"1poa1
-dq.ho$bornq
''
bewltboutt'
'e !'/ould
,\'

1
2
3
4
5

clear
gente
steep
amazng
mn d b o win g

6
7
8
9
I0

imited
short
overwhe
m ng
fionest
mportant

2 Lookat the folTowing

nrodifieryintensifiers.
Usingthe text to helpyou,decidewhichyou
canusewith gradableadjectives
and which
you canusewith ungradable
adjectives.
Write
G or U nextto eachone.
very terriby absoutey realy rather
competely extremelytotaly fairy
3 Whichmodifierfrornthe boxabovecanbe
usedwith both gradableand ungradable
adjeciives?
3 Thee dre four mrstakes
wrth modifrers
in
the sentences
below.Findthe mistakes
and
correctthem.
1 ioundthewhoe s luationabsoLrtely
embaffass
nq.
2 iell veryresenlful
abolt havng to workat the
weekend
3 Everyone
n thetearnwasqute confident
about
wrnnnq lfregame
4 Shefe t L.rtterly
neryoLrs
beforeqo ng on stage.
y disgusted
5 | wascomplete
by hisbadbehav
our.
6 lt shoud beveryc earthat the s tLraton s totaly
d f ic u t
y r dic!ousl
7 Hissuggest
on s absolute
A

I f n.l rh.

rn rrrh6r

i ..a^ri hl 6

, Grammarreferencep.195(8)
4 Tellanotherstudentaboutthe lasttime
that you felti
. reallyhot
. quitesatsfied
withsometh
ngyou'ddone
. totaly amazed
. exrremery
nappy
. ratherannoyed
. allsoutelyexrrausted
. tairlysurprised

U\IT 5 Thr lsandski s

Exam focus

hasrecently
fu filleda long-held
ambtion?

twTt

PaperI Reading:multiplematching
(Part4)

helpsotherpeoplewhenthey'rehaving
difficulties?

fmft

is modestaboutthe leveof success

he!
attained?

Eft

is lookingfor the rightcombnationof

factorsto increase
hisspeed?

mn

remembers
the momentwhenhe decided
to havea go at the sport?

|I'fftrt

mentions
the unpredictable
<onditons
affectinghisperformance?

Irsft

Aboutthe exam:Paper1, Part4 isa multiplematchingtask.Thetext is on onetopic,but may

be dividedinto differentsections.
Youhaveto
match15questions
pieceof text.
to a particular
Suggestedprocedure
1 Readthe instructions
carefully.
2 Readall the questions,
highlighting
keywords
ano pnrases,
3 Readthe wholetext quicklyto get an ideaof
the content of eachsection.
Lookat eachquestionin turn. Findand
highlightthe piecesof text whichtalk about
theseideas(therewill probablybe morethan
one).
Readthe rections
of text carefully
to de(ide
whichisthe bestmatch.
lf you'renot sureof an answetmoveon to
the nextquestion
- thiswill savetime.co
backto thoseyou'renot sureaboutat the
end.
7 At the end makesurethat you'veanswered
all
the questions,
andthat you'veusedall the
possible
keys(A-D).lf you'restillunsureof
Someanswers,then gues'.Remember,
there
are no penalties
for wronganswers
in the
examandyour instinctmaybe right!
m You are going to readan arti(le containing
informationabout four different sportsmen.For
questions1-15,choosefrom the sedions(A-D)Thesectionsmay be chosenmorethan once.
Whichsportsman...
admitsto enjoyng the competitive
aspects
of hissport?

FT-l

getspleasure
from doingsomething
that
wou dn't normaly be allowed?

[ZT--]

teesthat somepeope watchthe sportin

the hopeof seeingaccidents?

[Ef l

suggests
that peope mayhavea wrong
mpression
of hs ifestyle?

FiTTl

hasthe occasona mishapwhentaking

pa r tnh ssp ort?

IEif-l

hasrecentycut backon h s expenditure

in thesport?

|GN

sa!,s
greater
thatheachieves
speeds
than
participants
in similar
sports?
spends
hisfreetimeontheupkeep
of his
equipment?
lacks
thefinandal
resources
to takepaftat
thelevelheaspires
to?

ffiIttr-l
mltf--.l
l{Ef-l

ffii
youranswers
1 Compare
with anotherstudent.
. Didyoulookat thesamep ecesof textfor each
answer?
. Didyoumakethesamef nalchoce?
2 Double-check
anyquestions
to whichyouhave
differentanswers.
g$: Lookat thesewordsandexpressions
from
the text. Matchthemto the wordwhichis closest
to the meaningin context.
1
2
3
4

to get told off (A)

to topple(B)
to get in the way(B)
to whizzabout(8)

a) to be exctedby
b) to feelbusy
c)tofal
d) to makesrnaI
aolu5Imen$
e) to to erate
f) to competea race

to tweak(C)
to put up with (c)
to gei a buzzJrom(D)
to crossthe finishing h) to movequcky
line(D)
9 to be hectic(D)
i) to be reprimanded
5
6
7
8

Discu5s
thesequestions.
#
1 Which,if any,of thesesportswou d youtry?
Why?,nr'Vhy
noi?
2 Whyarepeopleattractedto activities
I ke these?
3 Arethereanydisadvantages
to peopledoingsports
likethese?Forpanicipants?
Forothers?
4 Shouldthesesportsbeallowed?

tr\If 5 Thrl sandski5

Thrillsandskills
Our reDorterJo Malonetalkedto tour men of sDeed

A ROGER: fomula l_ou

C JANIIE: Motorbike
catDmannspeedboat
drirer
Likc our othcr speedlorers,Roger\
Jamie loves the sheerlhrill of
going exlremelyfast. extremely
Diddlc Damc could acrually be
adrcnalin.Thc rccordfor his classof
close ro the ground. on his
nororbike. He recentlylelt the
boar is l65kph and rhey normall'
porverii'l Strperbike class of
racc at around the l52kph na.k.
Rogeri .acedallsonr of powerboats
monster l000cc bikes fbr the
cheaperb run, butjNt asmuch
sntceialli'rg in lovewith the sporl in
1993nnd is i,1volledwith ever)lhingfro'n racinghnnselfto
fuD.supermono motorbikecla$. Thats lbur strokesingle
iianning the rescueafld recoveryboilal hisclub.HeNould
cylindcr 720c! bikcs ivhich easil) rcach speedsol about
lovc 10ftrcctbc l-oflnLrlaOne powerboatswhichhil speeds
2lskph on thc track. He des lbr a racing ream and
conipctcsvirtLiallycrcry otherpeckendin rheracingseason
of $out 240kph.but can't,flord Lhisa1presenl.As i. rhe
p.actisingof [veaking his bikes
wofld oi moroFrdcins.as you movedoBn the ratirgs liom
liom April to Scptcntbr,
Iour 10one.so the costol taking pa'l risesanrononrically. 65 sc!0ralnilhts a lvcck. lttjust thc thrill ltt somethingthd(
Rogernces all over Europe.enjoyingthc rhrill oi rlrc ftrcc
I !c becninlo thal givcsmc thc cxcitcmcntI likc, hc srjs.
His wifc Amrndr gocsto walchrnd gcncrallyputsup with
rs wcl l a sth c c hancreo goin c re d i b ltiys t. W h c rc c l s c i n
rh c
world car )roudrivs a boat as lasl as )ou like and nol gcl
nrasscs
of mororbikcrtrlk.Onc ol drc tustcstridcfs on thc
ctcuit. Jrmic docsnl ridc a road motorbikc. lm not
tdd oll lbr ifl Ir is an incrudiblefccling10 drilc iasl or)
wrlcr I l0kph Jbelslike tlalellinr al 320kph.Evcryinch ol'
inrcrcsredI *ant to go fast rnd racc. hc $ ys. Hc admih
w lcr is dil]ercnt.lhere\ fie wind. and the walcs lronr thc
lhat sonrespect.torsxrc panly varchineto sccthc crashcs,
'No-oncq.antsro sccrn)onc hun, but it is qrio spcctacuhr
btrnk and iom olhff cmli. llh ncvcr lhc s ,nc. bc says.
whenthey lnllofl. hc srys.
Qnilc d1cacrionmao.Rogcr'solhcr iDl$cslshalc nrcludcd
nrvigalnlgin r rrlly c,rr,canocingand sailing: I !c sailcd
lbr 30 ycirs rnd r1l I !c donc is mccd.'
D RALPH: tnrmul! One
B STEYI: Plrakit.r
Stcvcl \port m.y bc onc of lhc
slowcrfNstman lctivitics.but it gets
his hcart pumpiDg.Hc ridcsa sindpowercdkile busgy,rlso kDosn dsa
parukile. dt dtroul 56kph. ln his
thrcc-wfieeledDrdcfiine.Slele sits
virtually on lhe ground a d yei he
does topple out $iletinres. were
only ! coupleof incfiesolT lhe gtuund and i1 ieeh ver)
quicknrdeed.'sals
29-year-old
Stere.The recordirjusl oler
( r er ehd. . ^ f a, r o J .l ,e d-' tF L . rd i ' ^ n i rt r.'
rn
l
l
')j\fh
find the wind and surfacconditionsrharsill allos hin 1o
go eler qnicker 'The strongerthe wind the smalle.rhekire
we use, he say!. Steverecalh rhe da! he spofted lhe
enornous kiter and bnggiesand de.idedir \ras a spon he
hadto tfy.'I've neverlookedbacksince.I like the adrenali!
of iI and the feelingof conbol ialr SIe\e II feehso insl
Wind\ a. anazing thilg, he sals. H. and hii fello\t
parakireBneedtargeareasof flar herd ercuDdsxch as a
ro o
bel ch o
r o\ re ,,$
-r-.h c _ . i c
"pi\ ur h
manygoalposts
to eerin ihe Fa): He sals lhe pi.akrlerr ar.
qnickcrrhanthe kitesudeB.gno un ljnnlar hr.s bur (liz
about on sxdbodds on lhe \alei: I .rulir i :l'ILrrdlhar.
atrd $e afe going iitster.

Racing drilcf R.rlph adorcs

bu.ningrubbcrd 320kphon thc
lbrmula One ricclrack. I
starkd whenI wasteny.arsokl.
It was my bi.rhdayand I had a
day! go-knrling as a surp se
trat.I did lhat ior six year\and
achievcdquir. a bit oi succe\\.Ihis is an underslaFment
as he \on lirtuall), elery racearound.By lhe tine he was
tburleen.krrling had becornemore lhan a hobbr and he
was talcllin-q all oler Europto cohpete. T \rantedto go
l br forrur{ One
rh,r fi r dD I.' a,,ed ," ri rg. .o
' ,on
g.ring lhe chancethis year is like a drean cometrue.The
tirst timc you drive the car its amazinglyquick. bul after
rhar )ou get uscdro fte speedand dont noticeit. W}lat I
gcr r ,< al buz ton A orng ol l d r- ? good , ae ocrcssingthe finishingline aheadof n) opponents.People
lhink molor racing'sa rery glamorotrs
situarionwithlols of
lhirgs goingon. but rhc .accsarc very busywi|h the ieam
and the nedia. so iou don t gct to s.c so mnchof whatercr
ehe isgoing on. Maybcat ihc cnd of thc iear l'll be ableto
sn back and reflecta bil, but for no* ir's prciiy hectic.'

57

vocabulary1: word formation

(prefixes)
!i::t:l Lookat the prefixesin the box. Although
they
they do not meananythingby themselves,
are usedto makewords negativeor opposite,
Work with a partnerand write down two
adjectivesfor eachone usingthe prefix.They
may be negativesor opposites.You can usea
dictionaryif you needto.
un-

d s-

im-

l-

iF

,il::. Work with a partner.Taketurns to read one

of ihe following statementsso that your partner
cancontradictit usinga word with a prefixfrom
to stress
the prefix.
Exercise
1, Remember
Example:
A: I thinkthenewstadiunhasverycomfortable
sea|s,
B ah, really- I think the seatsin the new stadium
are veryaLcomfaftable.
is competelyrelevant
to this
Thatinformation
0r5cu55
0n,
Whenlfeadit, lthoughttheldeasin hisproposal
for a newspoTts
clubweretotallylogical.
young
last
footbaler nteNiewed
on television
The
verymature
for hisage.
nightseemed
Chidrennowadays
seemto bemoreobedient
than
n the past.
qultebelievable
5 I foundthat laststatement

6 l'vereadLanceArmstrong!autobiography
six
times thinkitl really
inspir
ng
7 Thep ayerwasnot feelng well,and
underperformed
n the fina.
8 Therewasa kindof postmortem
afterthe team
Jostthe game,to try to f nd out whatwent
wrong.
9 Doyouusea monolnguadictonaryin class?
when
10 f nd t easier
to usea bi inguadictionary
l'mtravellnq
- it! quckerl
a) lessof an actionor quaity thaniscorrect,
neededor desired
o) agarn
c) opposrre
d) after
y
e) badlytur'rong
f) two/double
9) tOOmucrr
h) beng or becoming
b gger,further,greater,
etc.
i) one/sin9
e
j) ol or by yourself
2 How doesknowingthe meaningof the prefix
helpyou understand
the word?
from Exercise
3
: 4. Decidewhich preJix(es)
(an be usedwith ea(hof the wordsbelow.Then
write a 5entence
osingea(honeto bringout
it5 meanin9.
(adj)
graduate(n) nstate(v) clockwise
(v) statement
(n) active(adl)
understand

Use of English: word formation

1 Someprefixes
havea dictionary
definrtion.
Lookat the prefixesin bold in eachof these
Matchthemto their meanings
sentences.
1 You'l haveto rerunthe race,asthe resuitwasn'i
c eat.b)
2 TheEngishteamwerecompleiely
outplayedby
ians.
the ALrstra
y misheard
3 complete
th-"trainerbinstructions,
and ranten miesinsteadof ten kilometres.
4 Heoverateandput on so muchweightthat he
wasdroppedfromthe team.
5 | am veryantisoca whenl'm trainingfor a
because
compettionI never90 outwth friends
I always
haveearynights.

ll trj;..*."'-*

(Part3)
1 Lookat the title o{ the text on page 59.What
do youthink'counterfactual
thinking'might
way
a) seeing
thingsin an unnecessariy
negatve
yolrself
gh
qoa
b) not seltnq
h enough s n life
yoursef
c) convincing
thatfa seth ngsaretrue
2 Readthe text quicklyto seeif you wereright.
Do you believethat peoplereallythink in this
way?Why?Ar'r'hy
not?

.2 Readthe text again-Usethe wordt givenin

(apitalsbelow the text to form a word that fits in
the numberedgap.Thereisan exampleat the
beginning(0).Remember
to lookout for
negativeprefixes.

Speaking:agreeingand adding
information (Parts
3 and4)
Readthe following speakingtask.

l'd likeyouto imaginethat yourtown council

wantsto encourage
localpeopleof differentages
to takepartin competitive
sports.Thesearesome
o{ the ideasthat theyareconsidering.
Talkto each
otherabouthow effective
thesedifferentideas
peopleto takepart n
mightbe in encouraging
competitive
sports.Thendecidewhichtwo would
peopleof
bethe mosteffectivein encouraging
differentages.
::2:
one of rhe
@ I tistento t*o p"oplediscussing
pictureson page 179.Make a note ofi
. whichpicturetheyared scussing
. what pointstheymake.
(,

Z Lrstenagatnand (omplete the table with

expressronsL,seoIn the otscusston,

Make an
Indi(atepartial AgJeewith
additionalpoint a9reement
a pornr

TIP! lf you keepa noteof theseexpressions

and try to usethem regularly,
theywill sound
naturaland you will usethem effedively
:d': work with a partner Discuss
the rest ol the
pictures.and reacha decision.

O PERCEIVE
1 CLOSE
2 SATISFY
3 MEDAI.
4 FRUSTRATE
5I N A C TIVE

5
7
8
9
10

WISE
POWER
ADJUST
COMFORT
WRITE

3: Discuss
thisquestion.
Areyou a positveth nkeror a counterfadiual
th nker?
Whataboutpeopeyouknow?

,..lt: Discuss
thesequestions.Whereappropriate,
you madea note of in
usethe expre55ions
Exercise
2.
I Whydo youthinkpeopleenjoytakng part n
competitive
sports?
2 Doyouthinkthat it is a goodideafor peope to
supporta particular
team?Why?NVhy
not?
3 Whatisthe difference
bet\reenwatchingsporton
TVandwatchingit livein a stadium?
4 Doyouthinkthat majorinternational
sporting
eventshaveanyrealvalue?
5 Doyouagreethat business
istoo lnvolved
in sport?
6 Shouldchildrenbe encouraged
to takepart n
competitive
sport?Why?,^/l/hy
not?

LNI T 5 T lr r s a n ds k s

Grammar 2: intensifying
comparativeforms
1
'| Complete
the text using
expressions
from the box.
by farthe
greatdea

considerably
muchmoTe

' l
,,,1." h , - r r r nPr or nc Blr

or ' Pn" t i o o n l r
' : eLt r ' iler L h a nr l
-

i'rr
{'c\r.rons
rna'
$h.o
\otrrnr!
""d'!
d rud'
'n

li','llll'iliii" J"'."''
il" : :' | ;;';" ;'

;f

Janres:Anddo yoLrthink t works?

Anne: Wel l'venot had(5)halfasmany/ slightly
moreprobemswth my backasI usedto
belorestarted
thecassesAndlmustsay
Iee 16)a bit/ a bit nate ftter generay. t's
nota dramat
C nrprovement
- theysaythat
really
youshoLrld
combine
it withaerob
c
exerc
!e to getthebestresuts Butts
certan y verypopuar ihere were(7)hardly
any/ nathingltkeasmanyc asses
when
startedas therearenow.Thereseemto be
l8Jnor" and mo,e, t.rr,etand f.^e.
openng upal thet menow
J a me sA: n d s t a l md d e -a g e d p e o p e ?
Anne No,thereare(9)slightly/ scarcely
nate
peoplen theirthiatesandfort esin myclass,
but therearea I agesrealy.Whydon'tyou
cornealongto a class
andglvet a go7
lames:OK,maybe
I wil

"
**'".ili1l::':',.1',1:1:
lii.11",i.,":.i,,..
hr'r'-'^"-"1"1':1"1 " . ; " , , ; ' ;

*:;" " ' r " '

i:1"- :'. ;"'
'l,',.
i,i,".'"'
I:"
","'"l1ll"lll'
"

,'s'.l as '

".";.,;,:;1,-

l'l'"'1"'*Tl''i;:::;
];,T
l1;;,;1';:
..\!fti.p ". ,+l^r r,c,pl,

-al*?

#*'@"#e.4F-*

2 Choose
the correctalternatives
in the
followingdialogue.
James waswonder
nq whether
to enroon a
P atesc ass- youdo t, Anne,whatdo you
thinkaboLrt
it?
Anne Wel, it'scertan y \1) nat nearlyas/ no more
exhausting
assomething
lke aerob
csor
ooo n o An d t^ o \^ L u e \ s " ], -o p dr.. I o

gain',brt 'tr (2)manymare/ a lot more

lkelytokeepon wth an exercise
cassif 'm
actually
enjoyrng
t
James:Whatsortsot th ngsdo youdo?
Anne: Wel, thebasic
idea's
whattheycal 'drawing
yournaveupto yourspine'.
li'sactually
quite
/
rather
r.,ore.omplicated
thanthat,
\3)
but youdo lotsof exercises
to strengthen
whattheycallthecoremusces the
abdomnals,basicaly.
They'rea I veryslow
andcontroled- (4)/oads/ /eisslowerthan
aerob
cs,for exampleandthey're
supposed
ro mproveyourDaanceandyourposturea5
we I asthingslikemuscle
tone.

60

' Grammarreferencep.194(2.2)
3 Lookat the erpressions
n the two exerciseg
above.Choose
threewhichareformal,and
threewhichare in{ormal.

.
.
.
.
.

2 Workwith a partnerCompare:
youffee ngsaboutexerc
se
howyouspendyourfreetime
two placesyou havev sitedon hoiday
two li msyouhaveseenrecenty
themusc youI stento

Be readyto reporta summary

of yourresults
to
the class.

(r\IT 5

Vocabulary 2: sportsidioms
I
1 Lookat the expressions
a-f below.They
originallycamefrom the worldof sport,but
are now commorlyusedi1 othersitJatiors,
l\,4atch
eachstatement
to its non-sporting
context1-6.
, V h c h o f the p e o p e l6
:t haslustmadea comeback? d) hasseta fecord?
J) hassuffered
a setback?
e) sanaS o-ran7
.l hasfa lenat thef na hufde? f) s a team-p
ayer?
I Magge rsthe nrostunself
shperson'veever
workedwth shessosupportve
of her
co eagLres.
2 lamescan'tw n anythng- hel a wayscomelast
whatever
hedoesl
I Petra
hasf na y staded
dafcingon stageagain- t
tookheragesto 9etbackto fitness
afterhavng
nersecon0
DaDy
wason course
to w n saesman
oi themonth
'I Peter
d \"rd . b ' on r \ a . " / l d I d a r . ' .._ o -e '

canceeda b g orderands monwon t instead.

fina exammarks
! Janes
werethehighest
the
colegehaseverawarded.
6 Ercahadhopedthatsheco! d record
hernew
a bum n twoweeks,
blrtshegota badthroatand
2 Howarethe expressions
usedin sport?

1 Thehighlighted
commonidiomsand
in the followingsentences
expressions
come
from sport.Matchthe sentence
halves,
and
decidewhat you thinkthe idiommeans.
I Hemadesurethateverything
wascompetely
aooveooaroso
2 neverexpected
h m to w n because
he hadhadso
manypTootems,
0ut
:

!a^

a(< F n . 6 m n

atF ! r

can'tdo anythinq
e 5eto hep you,youmust
makethe nextmove-

^ h f:n .l

6 Heg o tthe nfor m a tonsoquicklythat\/nenth e

tlmecameto c oselhedea he
7 Hetookunfalradvantage
andstanedbefore
anyone
e seso n racr
8 Theymovedthe goaposts
ts.o .1

, , r al- .

.-

whattheywantusto do,so n iac:

--.

. t ) _:

lhr ls.nd sk s

a) scoreda bullseye
wth hisaccusation.
b) therewasnothng legaor wrongaboutthe clea.
c) realy goesoff the deepend f anyoneargueswth
lrm.
d) wasin poleposition.
e) hecametirstagainst
alltheodds.
f) hejumpedthegun.
g) by changng therulesof thecompetit
on wrthout
warnng.
h) t's a differentbalLgame
now
) andsothe ballis in yourcouftnow
2 Whatsportor kindo{ sportdo you think each
idiomcomesfrom?
3 Choose
the bestidiomto complete
the
d ia lo g u e s .
I A: t'sso difilcu
t to dBcuss
anythn9wth h m
hegetsangrysoea5ly
because
8rI know- onedisagreement
andhelumpsthe
gun / goesoff the deepend.
2 A vedo.o a I l(a' a'd soil s ,p roro- - tr.. bd,
6 n yourcaurt/ it'sa differentballgame
8: iknow- | haveio dectde
soon
3 A: AreyoLrsurethat everyth
n9 s ega?
nothinglegaaboutit t'sal
B:Theres
y /n polepo5itlon/ abovebaatd
complete
4 A: She's
overcome
so rnanydifflcutiesto w n the
tron
compet
B I know haveto admreher,because
she's
scareda bullseye/ succeeded
againstall the adds
two idiomsJromthe box belowand
3 Choose
writea shortdialogueJoreachoneto bringout
the meaning.Usea dictionary
if necessary.
yourdialogues
Compare
with a partner.
Bea good/bad
sport Don'tcountmeou1
Gothedistance Makeup qrolnd
4
'I
.
.
.

Tella partnerabout
youd d against
somethlng
al theodds
someone
who is a goodsport
someone
who seta record.

2 Discuss
a sportsperson
who
. hashada number
of setbacks
ln ther careerHow
d d theyovercome
them?
. hasmadea comebackHowwe I d d theydo?
. hasmadea lot of moneyoLrtof theirspoft.
3 Why do yoL think
areso
dr;vento win? 'one 'portspeople

rl

|NIT

Thrl 5 and s k 5

Useof English:opencloze
(Part2)
'l What do you know about the spoarof
gliding?Discu55
thesequestions.
1 Whodoest?
2 Howmuchdoeslt cost?
3 Whatdo youth nk t feelsI ke?
4 Whydo yo! th nk peope do t?
5 DoyoLr
thlnkit isa compet
tivesport?
Why?A//hy
not?

I Readthe title of the text below What

connection
do youthink computers
could
gliding?
havewith
Readthe text to find
out.

a) Do peope f y usn9 computers

to hep themnavigate?
Do peope usecompLrters
andthe nternet
to seewho
f iesfurthest?
cl Do peope ony f y usng virtualreaity I ke computel
gameS?
Now readthe texl lo lind out aboutrhesport.
Thinkof the word whichbestfits eachgap.Use
on y one word in eachgap.Thereisan exampleat
the beginning(0).
3

D i (r"(.

rhA (c

^"ed

^n(

Wouldyoulke to 9o 9ld ng7WhyT/Why

not?
2 Woud youwantto join a cornpetit
on ke oLC?
l Doyouth nk people's
enjoyment
of gld ng couldb-"
enhanced
or reduced
bythecornpettion?
l

Whatothersportsdo you think couldbe

organised
in a similarwayto OLC?

tr\IT 5 Thr s andski s

Listening2: multiplechoice
, Part3)
1 Discuss
thesequestions.
' Whatdo youknowaboutthesportof indooror
waI climbng?
ngly
- Whydo youth nk it hasbecomencreas
popularn recent
years?
: Howdo youth nk t is d fferentto outdoorrock
c imbrng?

Findwords or phrasesin the questionsbelow

thal mean:
lrdsctranng
begnners
a soca groupng
nolvelyw Ing
.opo- o_a -Lt^gar -rP a.oonspof a^orL".
Are there any other words ln the question5
that you don't know or are not sureof? Check
them in your dictionary.

3 Youwi I hearpartof a radiodiscussion

:bout the sportof indoorclimbing.Choose
the
:nswer(A, B, C or D) whichfits bestaccording
to
r,hatyou hear,
' Accordng to Tom,youngpeope areatlractedto
rrdoorclimbing
in thellSAbecause
A theyhavebeenspecficaly targetedby gyms
I therehasbeena growthin avalabe faclties.
veactivity
C t isn'tregarded
asa h ghlycompetit
D t offersa qroundnq n traditona c rnbnq
tecfrnrques

Toms keento pont outthat,in h s experence,

indoorc irnbn9
A isjustasdemand
ngastraditona outdoorrock
climbing.
I offerslhethril of outdoor
clmbingin a safer
environment
C lacks
theelement
of fearpresent
in tradtional
rockclimbing.
D requires
a highereveof concentration
than
outdoor
clmbing.
Amyfeelsthatcompared
wth otherkindsof
workout,ndoorc tmbng
groupof musces.
A focuses
on oneparticular
B doesnotreq!iresucha reguarcommitment.
C represents
morethansolely
a physica
chalenge.
D offe6a moreappropr
ateformol training
for
othersports.
Whenaskedwh ch typeof c mb ng he prefers,
Tomis
A keento stressthat he enloysbothtypesequaly
B careiul
to avoidsaying
wh ch headualy
lavours
C .eluctant
to admt thathe ikesoutdoor
cl mbing
better
D cr ticaloi peope who feela needto takes des
on therssLre.
4 Whi.h do you thinkwould be more
enjoyable
- indooror outdoorclimbing?
Whichdo you thinkwill be(omemorepopularin
the future?Why?

2 WhatdoesAmyseeasthe man benefit

of the
gameshedescr
bes?
a t g vesc mbers
of varying
ablitesthechance
to
c innbtogether
B t helpsclmbersremember
specfrcmoves
they
haveto make.
C t keepsmoreexperienced
c mbeEfoclsedon a
c eargoa
D t a lowsnovceclmbe6to buld upther
slTengln

Amyfeelsthat n London,ndoorc mb nq
A appeas to peope with t.ne on il'e r handi
B attractspeope who dislkeoutdocraa r : es
r) R ^-,

^ l-

acrvt|e9.

^ ,d .'.6, , . i, , o

II

Lr NI T5 T hrl sa n ds k i l s

Writing: a reference(Part2)
!:-:# In Paper2, Part2, you may chooseto write
a reference.Thiswill be a job referencefor a
triend.
planyourreference,
BeforeyoL.r
thinkabout:
. who youarewrit ng to
. whatthelob s
. whatpo ntsyou needto lncludein yourreference.
lmagineyouafeinteruewingsomeone
for thejob
whatwou d youwantto knowaboutthem?
Thenorganise
the information
clearlyinto paragraphs,
andusea semiformalstye. Finish
with your
recommenddtron

4
5
6
7
8
9
10

also(para3)
previous
y (para3)
(para3)
at a reallygoodstandard
so (para3)
so (para4)
put in (para4)
lthinkshewouldbegoodfor thelob(para5)

r',.,4:Completethe paragraphplan with the

information
the writerhasincludedin each
paragraph.What tensesor structureshavebeen
usedin eachparagraph?
Add theseto the plan.
presenl presentpedect pdsr hypothesa
skillsandqualifications fLrturepians
recommendationhercharader

l,:iZri
1 Lookat the task below.
Theorganiser
of a sportscampfor childrenhas
agkedyou to providea referencefor a friend
ofyourswho hasappliedfor a summerjobas
an activitiessupervisorat the camp.The
referenreshouldincluderelevantinformation
and
aboutyou.friendt skillsand interests
suitability
for the job.
Write your referen(ein 220-260words.
2 Think about what to put in the reference.
Whatshouldyou not include?
. how longyouhaveknownyourfriend
. whatyouandyourfrlendhavedonetogether
. yourfriendScharacter
. reasons
why yoLrlikeyourfriend
. yourfriend's
skilsandinter-Asts
. detaisof previous
yourfriendhas
experience
. reasons
why yourfriendis suitable
for thejob
. nfoamaor coloLrrful
language

E#
1 Readthe reference
on page191,whichwas
written in answerto the task.lt i5too long.
Cro5sout two sentenaes
that containirrelevant
information.
2 lJnderline
semi-formal
expressions
in the
referencethat meanthe follow'ng:
1 polite(para2)
2 is usedto (para2)
3 goodat (para3)

Paragraph
1:openn9
Structures
used:
Paragraph
2: yourrelationship
withyourfr end+
Structures
usedi......................1....
........ .......
Paragraph
3: . ............
......
.........
+ yourfriend'sinterests
andsuitability
structures
usedi............... ......1...
......... ....../
Paragraph
4: ........
.......
......
........
/reaso
nswhy shewould
be goodfor thejob
Structures
used:f uture/hypothes
s
Paragraph
5: ... .. .................
Structures
used:
:igli completethe following task.Rememberto
your
usesemi-formal
language,
andto organise
re{erenceclearlyin appropriateparagraphs.
You havebeenaskedto providea reference
for a friendwho hasappliedfor a summerjob
in an adventure
holidaycamp.Theperson
appointedmusthavegoodsocialskills
and
enjoy sports.Theymustbe reliableand have
someknowledgeof first aid.
Youshouldincludeinformationaboutyour
qualities,
friend'spersonai
skillsand relevant
work experience,and give reasonswhy you
recommendthem for the job.
Write your referencein 220-260words.

|NITS 1-5

Progress
ten

Use of English: open cloze(Part2)

:,:Ei Forquestions13-27,readthe text below and think of the word which bestfits
eachgap.Useonlyone word in eachgap.Thereisan exampleat the beginning(0).
Doesskiinghavea future?
In rccent years. the sport of skiing (0) .l.9... been having a tough tirnc in Europe. A seriesof wam wrnlers nas
meant skiers divins at their destinationsto find sr6s od daisics (r3) ...
. there should have bcen snow.A1l
over the continent, people have been questioning the wisdom (14) .
dcvcloping any more low level ski
r c s ons . when e v e n W o rl d C u p ra c e s a th i g h l evcl shave(15)..........tobepostponedfor(rO.............of snow.
Environmentalists might consider this rough justice, however. Ski rcsorts have always been considered(17) ... .......
bestecologicallyunfriendly.They causeforestedmountainsides
to be levelledand useup hugeamounisof ene.8y.
( 18) . . . . . . . . . . ...g u a ra n te e i n g s n o w fo rs k i crsmeansmoreresonsathi gherl evel s,therth;sw i l l puteven ( 19) . . . . . . . . . .
prsssureon fragilemolrntainecosystems.
(20) .... ...... artificialsnowmay be the answerto someofthc ski industry'sproblems.ftis too has its drawbncks.It
weighsfive timesa5 (21) ...........
.....as real snow,somethingwhich can't be ihat goodfor rhe mountain,(22) .........
. ..
to mention the energy used up in cfeating the stuff: twcnty million dollars wonh was used in one US reson in one
So (23) .... .........can environmentally
coDscious
skiersdo? Well, first of (24) .............
...., don't evenconside.going to
policy.You (25) ......
a resortwithout an environmental
...........
lo be ablero find out things(26) ..............
. whethefeach
slopeis given a day offlo recover,and whetheryour accommodation
is heatedby a rcnewablesourceofenergy,as
(27) ............ as all sonsof otherdetaih.
CopyrightGu.fdian News& Medla Lid 2007

Use of English: word formation (Part3)

t3:: Forquestions28-37.readthe text below.Usethe word given in capitalsat
the end of someof the linesto form a word that fits the qao in the sameline.
Thereisan exampleat the beginning(0).
An old phoneneverdies
gadger,with
Tbe mobile phoneis fast becomingthe worid's (0) .ftY.?..cLl.t-enearlya billion (28)...............
soldannuallyaroundtheglobe.But what
happenswhenthe screnstopsflashing,the batterydies.or peoplesirnply
s|anlaughingwhenyou fish it out of yourpocket?

FAVOUR
HAND

In Britain,peopte(29) .....
........
. replacetheirmobileseverytwo years,with
25E of people(30) .. .........
.....their equipmenteachyear.So wheredo all the
old phonesgo?Accordingto Nokia,mostget stuffed;n a drawerand
forgotten.Alihough about30% are tradedin or inheritedby a family
member.only 27. endup back at Nokia for reycling.

TYPICAL
GRADE

Markus Terho.directorof envnonmentalatrairsat Nokia says:'We've

beendoinga lot of(31).......
...........
resemch
into whatwouldconvince
peopleto recycletheir phones.The biggestobstacleseemsto be
that peoplehavevery stlong (32) ...................
bondsto lhen mobiles,and
so are(33) . ............ to part with them.'

.166
l1[r'rr;l:'ll,

One answeris tuming your old mobile into a charitable(34) ...................

About 707. of mobilessentfor re.yciing stil work, andthesecanbe
(35)
andsold in developinscountries,wherethey provide an
(36)
altemativeto new equipment.ln mary placesh Africa,
for exanple, wherethereare few landlines,haviq a (37) .-.................
mobile
phonecanmakea real differenceto people'slives.

CONSUME
EMOTION
WILLING
DONATE
CONDITION
AFFORD
RELY

LNITS r-5

Progressiest

Useof English:gappedsentences

Use of English: key word

transformations (Part5)

La For questions3842, think of one word oniy

in allthree
'r.;ch canbe usedappropriately
Hereis an example(0).
tEatences.

5 Forquestions43-50,completethe second
sentence
sothat it hasa similarmeaningto the
first sentence,usingthe word given.Do not
changethe word given.You must usebetween
threeand six wordsrn(ludingthe word given.
Hereisan example.

eart 4)

0 \aom s a veryapproachab
e womanandpeoplefind
rer ne.6,J.
to ta k io
My grandrnother
th nksthat havea very e4ev.life
cornparcd
to herexperenceoJbeinga teenager
It's.,ri.5Jto seewhyso manypeoplesupportthe local
teamwho havedonesowellin recentseasons.
38

suspect
thatthe nwtaxon air nefuel s ralyaimed
d ,aisrg ere J -e rd r\e t Ld . l

. . . . . . ihe pd' lpll

ll youbuygoodsonline,youwillbe .......... yourself

the efioriof goingto the shops.
Fonawasrathef
extrav.gant
and. . . . .. regul.rly
did
not comeeasyto her
39 Ruesaboutthe useof k tebuggeson the beachonly
. . ....,.durng thetouristseason,
lf youwantto getgoodresults
at theendof the year,
youneedto ... .... ...yoursefto yoLirstudies
nre,ested
ir I e.ob s 1v;led
ro . .........
^-/o-e
beforethe astdayin June.
10

our l,F,boa'd'e.oqro na,roo_ a

sJrlacea
comfortab
e d sianceawayfromthe screen
Whchevertypeof caryouh re,with thisdealyoupay
a ........ . rateol f30.00pef day.
Thelandscape
to the solth of the resortis rather
. .........andlninterestng compared
to the h llyarea

41 According
to a recent.. .........,the numberot sclence
graduates
is llkelyto fallin the future
Rolfdecided
to iurn oneroom n hisnewfiat nto a
. . . .....,sothat he couldkeeph s workandhisfamiiy
n the 1gthcenturyi wasnotunusualfor
weathy
peopeod"\oe lF-..lvp\ odlifpor
42 1 s. ....... to finda shopthatq vesa truy persona
servcerneseoay9.
one cD bythat groupis no ongeravailable
in the
i op! a no wa s ca sseo d5

havejonedan organsatonthat is dedl.ated

to
"elp_o p esere
'pe r-r o'bLhe'1r.

Example:
0 Thetwo fiiendsweresittingon thifown lookng at a
computer
s(reen.FRONT
Thetwo lriendswre srting lry .?.hPn2"eLv.e?
.i!1.frct"t
9!.
a compuierscren.
43 Thepianii periormed
beautifully
andreceived
a
standrnq
ovation GAVE
Thepianii ....
andreceived
a
standrn9
ovanon.
il4 Thegroupspopulaitylncreased
thanksto word-ofmouthrecommendations
LED
Word-oi-mouth
recommendations
.. popularity
oi the group.
45 Thatyoungman s the organiser
of the chartyconcefi
I loldyouaboul HAS
Thatstheyoungman ..... ..... .................the
chafltyconcrt toldyouabout.
46 WhyaresornebrandsrnoresLJccessfLJ
thanothers?
MAKES
Whatis ................ .....
. somebrandsr.ore
successlul
thanothers?
47 Unfortunately,
I didn'lhaveenoughmonyto go to th
lhearrereqularlyABLE
It l'd hadmoe money,
.... ..to go to
the theatremorereguLarly.
/E D.mians sureto linishihe racenfrstpace.CROS5
Damians sureto bethe 1rstpeuonto
.. ... .............
. rnthe race.
49 lt isquiieusualfor boysto beginplayng footballai th
ageot live. MEAN5
Itisby....
.....forboystobeginpaying
footballatthe ageof lve
50 Hadhespentmoret mat hom,hewoLrdn'rhave
madeso manylriends.GONE
lf he
...........
..... ............
oftn,hewouldn'thave
madeso manyfriends.

i
67

UNIT

llr

O Family
ties
Reading 1
1
1 What sort of things do parentsand teenagert
have argumentsabout?Work with a partner
and make a list-Decidewhether the point5
on your list are either:
al lyp ca everyoay
argumenls,
or
b) serious
issues
that needto be resoved
2 Do you think that parentsand teenagers
have the sameideasaboJt what rsa gerioJs
issueand what is not? Why?nr'l/hy
not?

1 Readthe articlequickly.Which of the points

on your list in Exercise1.1are mentioned?ls
the styleof the arti(le formal or inJormal?
How do you know?
2 Now read the articlemore carefully.Mat.h
earh statementto one of the sectionsof the
In which sectionare the following mentioned?
I an argurnent
that'sun ke y to mpress

parents
2 an unreasonab
e condtionbeingimposeo
by parents
I anafgument
whereneither
s dew I g ve
anyqround
4 an ndcaton thatyoumaybew nnnq
an argLrrn-an1
5 a strateqy
tor reducng parental
anxrety
6 counterng
a suggestion
wth ogrca
ar9urnents
7 convncingparents
of a contnued
needfor
5ometh
ng
8 gettnq parents
to recaltherrownteenage
atttudes
9 reaching
a cornpfom
sesout on n a d spute
10 reffran ng cam whenparcntsdo not

'Be home by 9.5O'

A Thisalwayshalpens.Youpersuadeyour paJents
rolel vougo roap&ry rhenrheymale lor comehome
beloremosrpeopleevengetrnere fi you try to arsue,
theyll say somethingllke, Youre lucky were letrlng
you go out at aI In order to lidn this one you haveto
gerlnsideinef headsdd work out wlry fiey donl
wantyou lo go ln the tirst place,Thencomeup wth a
sensiblesolution.f theythlnk staylngout larei6
dangerousreassureihem lt lsn t Tellthen wherethe
palty i5 who youre gohg wth and who6 gbingto be
there,becauseparentsllle to knowstufi llke thar Also,
tell themyouI gol a cab hone (!s it! expenslvebut
muchsaierrhanwalktnqor gettlngthe bus) Thi6is
exacuy$e son ol thing your parentswet to hear

n
n

n
n
n
n
n
n
n

'Aslong as you live

under my roof you'll
live by my rules!'
B This is a classic aqry larenr ptrrase ued
wbenever tney re losing d aiglment. Make then
realise they re layhq down the law lor no reason. Don t
so mentar. just stay cool dd say, If you're nor goins ro
be reasonable ln not qohg to dsue wjth you. That
way you soud sensble and mature, dd your pdeni3
dd't and de much less []rely to continue sdeamhs at
you. the only problen is, sometines they are bejng
r@sonable dd say movirxs things like, Ii you don t
do you homM.k, you ll set into tloubie then you
have to tiy dd stsike a deal, lke OK if I get aI my
homercrk ad cho@s done tonight, cd I go to the
cinema Mth hy mates tomorcw?

58

Listening1
fron a radioprogramme
ir, 1 Listento two extracts
- about{amiy life.Choose
the answer(A, B o; C)
whichfit5besta<cording
to what you hear
i E;i;act o;;
YoLrheara merriedcoupe ta krngaboutthelrchidren.
1 What surprsespeople:boLrtthe r chidren?
A Theylravea good nl Lrence
on the behavolr ol
otherch id.en
I Theyst I behavewe whenth-"r parents
arenot

bu're not going out

king like that!'

C They.ppearunaf{ected
by soca pressures

Obviously drls get ihi6 more thd boys, but my

2 Theyfee thatthe r chidrenare

: hatesn whenI wearrLdlculouslybaggyJees.

:'Eiierits mid.iilbadng tops or enormosleds

A 5ensilve io the fee ngsof othe6.

y q! et and we rnafnered
B unL-rsla
C unawareihat theirbehaviours untypca .

it

.s downto $e sme thlnq - they wory about

:: people who don t know you wlll thtnk.Itl not that

a deal whenyDuthlnk alroutit but it sfll causos

:shts becauseneitheroi you ffiis to backdolrn,
elglng your clothes B $e obvious way to avold d

Youheara leenaqer
ta k ng aboutherfam ly

ient, but you shouldnt haveto Risht?No matter

3 Why doe! shete the nory aboutthe babysitterl

:i you look llke you re the 6me person and you ll

:e sane wav You need to make lhen realBe thls. !i

A t changedthe \,!ay5hevie\,,/ed
her brothersand
s steT!
I 1 provded herw th :n oppo(unityio chalenqe
auihonly
p with
C t markeda turninqpoint n her relatonsh
ner parents

- .ave any old piotos oi ihem whonthey worE

:gers dlg $em oul Theyre sureto be wedlng lusl
-rsuitable clothes as you, so they ll feel hFoclltical
::1ing you wear them, and tiey I lnow exactly
.:: :r tels lke to be judqed by thet appeardce

4 Shewas !pler that heroffer,Jvas

tLrrned
down
DecaLrSe
A her parenlsgaveno redsonfor the r decsron
B shelet t reveaed her parents'trueattitlde
io\,!ardsher
C her parents
acclsedherof gLVng them Jase
nformaron

hy should we raise
ur allowance?'
Ilxs is h icky. Youve spent alLthts ttne trying to
:ade vour parents you re independem, $en you
ren for money They ll probably say sometiins
: you re so hdependent wny don t you set a job?
::nething equalLymotfig
You could tiy getting a
:!t jobs are hard borins and leave you with less
acr partying. And whats the pojnt it you ce just
:oney off your pa.e!ts, What you reed to do is
rade your pdents getting a iob is a bad idea
i up the advatages ad disadvdtages so you
Lke yotr ve thought it through &d lnou vrhat
:. talking alrout Il you say jobs are too hard dd
ed tlnd rather be out parlying (even though
-J
: true),you'! soundirresponsiblead youre nuch

2
1 Work with a srnaI group of other students.
lmaglnethat you have been askedto draw up a
set of ru es for making famjly life run more
smoothy. Thlnk about both practicaland
emor ona ssue5.

il

rkElyto qeta raise.Instead.

saya job would
=.e with your schoolwork. You ll score najor
with your pdenls. as it souds LtlGyou re r.:

Wrlte down two rulesfor eacho{ the {ollowing:

parenls 50 ngs

qranoparents

2 Compareyour ru es with other groups-Draw up

a 5et of four ru es for eachgroup that the class
can agree on

69

Grammar 1: hypothetica
I
m a .nin ^

- ',/;.4

'|
1 Thereisa mistakein someofthesesentences.
Findthe mistakes
and correctthem.
1 w sh mydadcouldnta waysbe so crosswith me.
2 l w sh lh avean o derbrother
3 lf oniyI coud spendmo.et mewith my
granoparen$l
4 Woud youratherI wil caI backlater?
5 lts defintelytlmethechidrengo to bed.
6 Don'tyouwsh youhadspentmoretimewth your
great-grandmother?
7 lwish woud stopeatingchocolatel
8 Suppose
nobodywll cometo the party l d be
realydisappointed
9 realyw sh canplaytheguitarl
2 Matcheachot ihe (corrected)sentences
above
to one of the followingrules.
a) We uservlih+ pasts mpleto express
a wishthat s
not true n the present.
Wealsouseit to express
wshesthatmightcometrue n thefuture
b) We use,v/sh+ wouldto ta k aboutotherpeoples
irrtatng habis, notor.rr
own,
c) We usewsh + couldto ta k aboutoLrrown
irrtatlnghabts.
d) lfont is usedwith the sameverbforrnsas|1/6h,
butcanbeusedwhenyourfeelngs
arestronge.
|t's
e)
tine at it'shightimeis usedwith the past
s mpleto ta k aboutthe presentor the future
f) /'d ratheris usedwith the pastsimplewhenwe say
whatwe wantto happenin the presentor tuture.
g) Suppose
meanswhatlt) We use t to describe
something
that maypossbly happenor that may
navenappeneo.
h) We Lrse
rvlsh+ pastperfectto referio thingswe
aresorryaboutin the pastor that we regret.
i) We uservlsh+ couldto talkaboutan abiltywe
woud keto have.
l Grammarreference
p.195(7)

1 Work with a partnerStudentA ook at the texton page189

StudentB lookat the texton page190.
Readyourtext quicklyand find out whatthe
familyconnection
is.Thenchoose
the best
alternatives
to completethe text.
I

70

2 Nowtell yourpannerwhat you haveread

about.Exchange
textsand checkeachother's
3 Complete
the followingsentences
sothat
theyaretrue for you.Tellanotherstudentyour
answers,and answerany questionsthey may
haveaboutyour ideas.
'l I wish was..
2 lwis hI wa s n '.t. .
3 lwis h. . . wo ud n ' t. . .
4 I wishI colld .
5 lt'shightirne| ...
4 Discuss
thesequeslions.
1 Whatadvantages
mighttherebein livn9witha
grandparent?
2 Doyouthinkt mightbeeaserto vewith
younger
someone
o deror 5omeone
thanyou?
3 lsil betterto lve in a largefam y or a sma
famly?Why?,^/Vhy
notT

Exam focus
Paper5 Speaking:
collaborative
task/
(Parts3 and 4)
discussion
Aboutthe exam:In Paper5, Part3, you andyour
partnerdiscuss
a situationor taskoutlinedby the
interlocutorYouaregivensomepictures
to base
yourdiscussion
on, and askedto reacha decision.
In Part4, you and yourpartnerdiscuss
questions
trom the interlo.utorwhichextendthe topi( of
P a rt3 .
procedure
Suggested
1 L stencarefully
to the instructions
for Part3. lf
you don't understand
what you haveto do,
askthe interlocutor
to repeatthe instructions.
2 Discuss
the visuals
with yourpartner
qelpmbe, rhe tasl you havebeengive,l .it
wil alSoappearas promp'ts
on the visual5
sheetto rmindyou.Asyou haveto talk for
you shoulddiscuss
aboutthreerninutes,
each
visLral
in turn in somedetail,and don't reacha
decision
too quickly.Youdon't haveto agree
with yourpartner,but remember
to taketurns
whenyou d scuss
andto usea rangeof
an gu a g e .
3 ln P a rt 4 , t ry t oin t ja t ed is c u s s ioans w e l la s
questions.
answerthe rnterlocutor's

1 Youwill heartwo students

doingpartof a
C H II-I]

Lookat the pictures

on page180and listento
1,1 the
interlocutor's
instructions.
Whattwo things
do the students
haveto do?
listento the students,
Pascale
and
L2 Now
Fernando,
doingpartof the task.Whichone:
a) int atedd scussion
aswel asrespond
n9?
c) usedthebestrangeof vocabu
aryandgrammar?

Workin groupsof three.

Student
A s theinterlocutor.
Turnto page182and
readthe nterocutor'snstructons
Students
B andC arethecandidates.
Lookat the
p ctures
on page180.Remember
to keepto the
timegivenby the nterocutor
Discuss
the activity.Howwell did the
perform?Whatdid theytind
candidates
difficult?
Formnew groups,changerolesand do the

H O O D I\ItrL1' E I{ C E S

It's often claimed drar rhc kind of childhood rYe

havc, dd \!hal our brckgroLnds are, both pliy xn
important role (l)
..... ..... holv uccesslirl our
tutufc rclxrionshipsire. But is this $) Isr\ it up to
us as indilniuils to clc.ide (2) .
thc truth of
$is whether to lct our npbringing, good or bad,
detcrmine the ra_v s< relate to rhose around Lrs?
Accordins (3)
relatioosbip cnpcrt Brirn
Firstxll, although a difficult fimily lifc cm impacr
(4) ..
htcr rclxtionships, this does not nc:ln
rhat thc rcst of our Iift hxs to be dictitr.l
(5)
it. So are lou convinced (6) ... .... ... hN
thcory: Or do _vou think rhxr thc qay vou arc
b.ousht Lrpinelnxbly leads(7) .. ..... . drc kind of
fricnds vou makc, incl .csuhs (8)
thc
partner vou choosc) ADd should your limll,v hrrc,r
s:tv (9) ..
vour dccisions or shdrld dle,v
shnpl v bc sati sfi ccl(10)
..... rhe choi ccs,votl
ni xkc?(l xn vou bcncfi t (II) ... .... .. thi r:rdvi cci
Thc bottom linc accorctingto lifstall is d1lt ifs up

t aSKa g a t n,
rhings thrt hxppcncd in your p t.

Vocabulary 1: word +
^ra n ^ c ; f i.\n /c\
1 Grouptheseverbsaccording
to the
preposilion
theyare usuallyfollowedby.
refer congratu
ate pay apoogise result
concentrate boast beneft co ncide
refran suffer speca ise nsst conlrde
confess react apply compare contrasi
wolry earn

1 Readthe text.According
to BrianFirsta..,
whoseinfluence
isthe strongest?
2 Readthe text againand complete
the gaps
preposition.
with the missing
3 Who hasthe greatestinfluence
on you,
friendsor family?Whoselnfluenceaststhe
longest?

4 Someverbscanhavemorethanone
preposition,
but the meaning(hanges.
Choose
preposition
the best
to completethesesentences.
I Thephotoq.aph
reminded
meabout/ ol a p cture
had
I
seenn lnda.
2 lt wassucha baddesiqnthat I compa nedlo /
aboufIie arLhireLt
rhene,(rI me merher.
1 lh"d-'r hpardabour,to'n -rl 1e d or dgeso t
senthera cardto makesureshewasal r ght.
4 We al agteedon / withthe timeand placeto meet
beforethe show
5 | arflvedlatefor the dlnnerparty,but whenI
apologised
lo,./ to rnyhostshewasvery
understand
ng.
job
6 | sawthe advertsed
on thewebandI
y decdedto appy ta I for it.
immediate
5 Discuss
thesequestions.
I Howimportantdo youth nk the op n on of your
familyshould
bein yourown reatonshps?
2 Haveyou everdatedsomeone
or hada frlend
whoseiamilyyoud d or d dn'tlke?What
happened?
71

Reading2: multiple
1)
choice(Part
1
1 Lookat thesesentences.
Whichdescribes
a nuclear
{amilyand whichdescribes
an extendedfamily?
a) lt wasa argeramblngold
housen wh ch fouf
generations
of the same
famly livedtogether,
incudingan unmarr
edaunt
andtwo cousins
whohad
b) lt wasa smalsurburban
v, d ,

L yp ,L .

inside
lvedan equay typica
famly mothetfatherand
two schooa9."ch dren
2 Whatarethe advantages
and disadvantages
of
livingin eithera nucleaf
or an extendedfamily;for
parents,
childrenand
otherJamilymembers?
3 Whichistypicalof your
country?
Are things
changing?Why?Ar'r'hy
not?
2 Readthe threetexts
whichare about{amiliesin
di{ferentpaftsof the world.
Choose
the answer(A, B,C
or D) which fits best
according
to the text-

WhenPoojaAryagol married
nearlythree\arsago.thcrelvasno
queslionof movingin ivilh her inraws,as
mosryoungwomenln
Indiado following
lheirwedding
daia Nlyhusbandand Iare both
independent-mindedlshe
sa\,s.
'llhoughlit wouldbe morefun

A combinationof shiltingsocial
moresand economicchangeshas
pushedArya! generationtowardsa
moremodernIifestylethatincludcs

Oneofthe maindrivers
of the
trendis an evolvingcreditbusiness,
rvhichnow givesyounglndians
accessto nome toans,not
Afterrenlinga placcfof l8
previouslyalailable.Rising
months.Arya.a
cameraoperatorfor 3t employmentand the needkJra
a popularieleYision
channel,and
moremobileworkforcemeansthat
joumalist
pfofessionals
her financial
husband
mustIrequentlymove
lvereableto purchasa brand new
to a city diffrenlhom the one
r5 flatin Cufgaon,a
subLrrb
of New
wheretheygre!! up to pursuea
DelhithathzLs
sprungup o\f the
career- Nlumbaifor finance,sayor
lastdecade.
asmulti-narional
Bangalorefor technologyWomen
companiessetup headquarters
havealsotakenon jobs in droves
in lvhalhadbeen
andcallcenlres
in the pasldecade,giving
riseto
an undeveloped
arcasoutholthe
lndia!own Dinks-doubleincome,
no kids- who ha! noughmoney
And theyare nol aloneamong
to leavethe home theyonceshared
younglndiancouplesin forsaking
with mummyand papaand covefa
the joinffamil),syslem.
Inonthlymortgaepayment.

Forthe writer,PoolaAryaprovides
an example
of a womanwho
A wasunusual
in deciding
to go against
convention.
B wasdetermined
to breakw th established
traditon.
C was nf uenced
by peerpressure
to chanqe
her festye.
was
nstrumenta
D
n startinga trendthat is now w despread.
In the texta5a whoe, the writeris
A accounting
ior socral
changes
thatheregrets
in nda.
in Javour
B arguing
of a moref exble{amy structure
in ndia
C providrng
anexplanaton
for a marked
change
in somendan festyes.
D blaming
foreigninfuences
for lndermn nq tradtionalIndanfamly
patlerns.

IUIore isntt
alvvays
lllerrter

Sotheextended
lamiiy
isseltomake
a mmeback
in
* caffied
Brlain,
research
outbya building
society
reveals.
lt iseasy
toseewhy:grown-up
children
cani
allodi0 moveout0ithefamllyhome.
\,!halwiih
prope8picesaidstudent
booming
loans
topaybacki
g'andparelts
areliving
longerad
tie cosl
cant afford
olresidentialcarc.
m'qhlseethisasa qood
Some
thinqchildren
canbond
willrtheirqandpatents,
whoaresomuch
wiser
and
palient
more
I'ranlheirpaenls.Ald
ischildcare
il I'rere
tobedone,
theoldfolksaretherc
todoit,inreturn
lor
Think
themsplves.
b"rg looked
after
u_allll'eroneylo
besaved.
yeaBofchildhood
Butassomeone
whospenl
theearly
injustsuchaset-up,
believe
me,it'snotallgood
news.
ForthefirstJouryeafs
ol myllfellivedinthevillain
Budapestthat
mymother
hadbuiltduring
herheyday
as
a popular
sinoer
inthelate1930s.
Herlather,
a village
headmasler,
hadcontributed
lolhebuilding
costs
and
planned
to move
thefewithhlswife,mygandmother,
when
heretircd.This
theydid,in1948.
Bythen
my
parents
hadmafried
andsoon
theyhadtwochlldrcn.

t..

llearnlmuchat6r- when
lwasoldenough
1o
undefstand
suchthings-thal
assoon
asmy
grandparents
fiovedln,lifegotworse
lormyfulherI\4y
grandlather
stem
Viclorian
feltthatashehadpaidin
oanlorlfe v a,ie wasa rightlulowrr,
thereaiheao
olthehousehold,
andmylalher'little
more
lhana
tenanl.
Heanswered
thephone
withihewords'Racz
rsidence'(his
ownname),
andwhen
al endofrny
patents
wrouqht-iron
nameplale
oavelirema handsome
bearing
botl'therr
sunames,
il
lromthelronr
'ranished
gate
withn days,
neverto
beseen
again.
n th s artc e, thewr terisseekngto
predictions
A chalengecertain
madeby
Teseafchers
B expa n why fecentresearch
maybe
naccurate
in ts irndngs.
C provdea counter
argument
to some
. ^n. l

(^ .(

ro r.ho n h, r a( a: r ha, (

D highghtpossb e consequences
of
socachanges
dentifedby researchers
Whatdoesthewrter\ anecdote
abourthe
namep
ate I ustrate?
A howunaware
thefaffriy!ff efd5,,!e.e
of theird ff cultes.
B howunreasonab
e shefees her
grandfathefs
behavour
vrat
C howawareshewasasa ch c c'
tensons
wth n theiam y
D h o wh a r dhe r fathertred
nc. -::-.-:
hiswife'sfam y.

,:

: ld a a

, -J d t 3 : i

tl
Guest speakef Charlolte Allen brolght a wholly unexpected
rnessage to the College n her talk on lvarch 29. Traditonal
F\te.ded rarr lies a owed worel rrore freedo."r.pava(y powel
and selfworth than they gain ffom lhe fragmenledfamilies and
communitiesproducedby lhe modem'cult of selffulflmeni, she
argued
Extendedfamiles have been the basc socia un I worldM/ideand
throughouth story,even when people physicallyreside in nuclear
househol ds
A l en cLai med,
cl i ng sevel studi es.P eope n such
fam lies have important relationships wlh different fam y
members,so lhat their self-!1/ofth
and conlentmentdo nol depend
on a lifeong emotonaland intelectualromance with thenspouss.
Allen describeda way of life lhat is now largelyabandoned n the
W est. l t w as charactersedby fam i es' boLrnd by d lr ly and
necessily.ather than by a quest ior selffufilmenl. They were
economrcally productive
n whch wornen did socialy
'rnits
respecledwork in or near lhe
home, childrenhelped with chores,
and older peoplehelped raise childrcn.
Allen read an excerpt by fern nist author Germaine Grer that
descrlbed a m d-20th century lt6 ian farnily.The mafried couple
grew apart as their
ofl but nrainiaineda web oi
relaUonships
wllh inlaws, siblngs and parents In contrast,A en
explained,Amercan wonrenwho movedto the sLrb!rbsafler World
War ll to'rnd themselvesisoaled from any extended famiiy or
ps w ere w thn t he
comrnunl tyThei r ony l ong-terrnrel ati onsh
househod and they were forced nto inescapabe ntimacy with
on y one person Theif husbandsbecamelhe fonly sourceoi adult
conversalion Suddenly,women began nolicingthat men wercft
' supporuve,or tesponsve, and di dnt sharethe r feel ngs.Their
discontefl focusedon the only fam ly reatonships they had efr.

Thewrterthinksthatthethemeof Charotte
A en! talk
may
A comeassomething
oi a surpfise
to hisreaders
B confirm
h s reade6'
neqatve
feeinqsaboutthenuclear
Tamrly.
postivedeasaboutthe
C contradict
h s readers
tamly
extended
D makehisreaders
recons
derotherbelefstheyhave
abouttamly lfe.
CharotteAl en mentonedGermaine
Greer's
workto
emphasise
the pont thatthenucearfamly
A hasreduced
thestatus
oi womenn thecommunity.
B haschanged
theatttudeof mento ther famles.
C ro.oI

odt\ a\i"-ad j

.,e

D putstoo muchpresslre
oa onereat onshp
13

1 Lookagainat your listof advantages

and
disadvantages
from Exercise
1-2.After reading
the texts,do you wantto add anypoints?
Haveyou changedyour mindaboutanyof
the m ?
2 Findthe wordsin columnA in the texts.Match
themto their meaningin the contextof the
articlein B.
AB
1 n aws(text1 inel)
a) customs
2 forsak
ng (text1 Ine 23) b) largenLrmbers
I mores(textI ne 26)
c) qet c oseto
(text
4 droves
I ine42)
d) besttimes
5 issetto (lext2 | ne 1)
e) broken
up
(text2 ine5)
6 booming
f) reduced
g) increas
7 bond(text2 | ne8)
ng
(lext2 Ine 17)
8 heyday
h) givingup
(text3 ine4) i) brothers
9 fragmented
andsisters
(text
10 spouses 3 | ne 12) j) looksI kely
'1
-e) 1 l,rusoa.o s o , wrv e s
^a 'a a x(-a.-1
(text3 ine22)
12 siblngs
l) husbandS
or wrtes
lamrY

2 Compete the sentences

usinga substitute
word from the box.Underline
the word(s)the
<'

'h<ri r' '16

$/^rrl

ro^l r.o<

it one do there that so nether nol

Example:
DoyouthinkJoewi I remember
Kaths b rthday?
l'm notsure- hem ght ??..
1 l'l beat thetheatre
at 7 p.m.tonght.
Good- l l meetyou . ... .. .
2 AreyoLr90 n9 lo 90 out with Jm agan?
I th nk ..
. - hewasverynicel
3 | can'idecdewhether
to buya newcaror a
second
hand
There
arepfosandconson
bothside5l
4 Jackasked
mewhether
I wasgoingto thedance
5 N lslo s th isjo bo n F rd a y. . . . . wa 5 ar e a l s h o c k
gaveh m no warnng
:s hrsernployers
going
6 Theyarent
to the party,and .. .. aTewe.
7 t'sa d fi cut decron, butI th nk 'l takethejob
means
I canmoveto benearer
myfamiy.

E llip s is

Grammar 2: substitution/ellipsis
1

Lookba.k at the textson pages72 and 73.

Whatdo the followingwordsin bold in the
texts re{er to?
1
2
3
4

the one{text1, I ne 38)

th s (text2, ine 8)
such(text2, ine 15)
such(text2, ine 24)

5
6
7
8

such(text3, Ine9)
lt (text3, ine14)
They(text3, ine15)
Their(rext3, Ine 29)

2 Lookat the textsaqain.Threeplaces

are
markedwith a +. In eachplace,a different
word or phraseis understood
by the reader
but hasbeen left out o{ the text by the writer.
Whatword or wordshavebeenmissed
out tn
eachcase?

Substitution
We often try to avoid repeatinga word or
expression
that hasalreadybeenused,as it
improvesthe styleof what we are sayjng.To
do this, we can useother words instead,e.g. It
one,do, there,that, to, neithet.not.Ihese
connectphrasesand sentences,
74

We often leavewordsout to avoid repetition,

Thi5iscalledellipsis,
and it improves
the style
of the sentence.
3 Whichwordsor phrases
havebeenmissed
out in eachof thesesentences?
Add the missing
wordsor phrases
and comparethe two
sentences.
Whichversionreadsbetterto you?
1 s h e wa sp a n n in g t o v s t h e rc o u s n oSna t u r d a y ,
llut now shecant
Theytee t red bLrt
very happywith
the decsion they reached.
Kate s eavingon Thursday,
but shewi emaI to
Ie I you wny

Borrow
a5manyboolsasyouwant
5 That aptopbelongs
to lohn This... ... ... .. ... s

rnine
Hepromsedto emaime,but hehasn't
ll youcan
, caI mewhenyouget
tfrere.
I m sorry| qotannoyedI d dnt meanto
.? Grammarreference
p.197(14)

4 Eacho{ thesedialogues
hasa mlstake.
Find
the mistakes
and correctthem.
I A:Areyougoingto movehouie?
B No, 'm afraidcan'taJford
mp3pLayer
2 A: 'vemanaged
to fx thebroken
B Wel, I th nk we shoud get a ne\r/.Lt'l neverbe
lnesameagatnl
3 A: Te Peter wantto speakto h rn,p ease
B No problem.do.
I A: Whodoesth s bookbelongto?
8: I th nk t'sKaren
s one.
5 A: Wea seemto havemorefreet methanwe
usedto
B:DoyouthinkTI'mnotsosure
5 A: Doyouth nk thetrafficwr bebadon
Saturday?
peope wi I betryng to drve
B: expectt because
to thebeachas ts hot.
TlPl Lookout {or c lipsls.nd rub5tit{r1
on In
rc.rdingInsks

5 Workwith a partner.Decidehow the

folowingtext canbe improvedin styleby using
substitution
or ellipsis.

1 Work with a partner.One of the responses

in
eachof thesedialoguesis not possible.Crossit
out, then read the dialoguetogether,thinking
aboJt the word streqs:neach 'esponse.
1 Do you thinkSuew I v s t the UK agan?
a) Shem ght
b)Shem ght do.
c) she m ght do rt.
d)Shemightnot.
2 Can I buyyou a drinkT
a) No thanks, ve lun had.
b) No thanks,I'veJUsthadone.
c) No thanks, shouldn't
d) No thanks,I don'twant one.
3 Wereyou p annn9 to v s t us on Sunday?
a) No,but lcan do.
b) No,but lcan
c) No, bot I canth nk about 1.
d) No,but lcan so
2 Write yoLrrown two line dialogues,beqinning
with the following questions.Then practise
readingthem with your partner.
1 Do you thrnkyou w I do that agan?
2 Can helpyoLr?
3 Wereyou plannrng
to cometo the party?

Listening 2
1

children and their Darents fundamentallv affect

children's behaviour as adults. But nor4'th"
importance of ihe relationships bei$,een children
and thefu parents is being challenged as nerv
researchshows thaf a child's relationship \^ ith its
liblings may have a more importani effect on a
.hild's Iuture adult behaviour.
PsvchologjstFrancine Klagsbrun savs:'Our
relationship with our siblings is unmatchable.Our
.'bl rB. ?re rherewhelher r!e lire or r .ibl _g\ or
N'hetherwe don't ljke them. Other relationships
.hange - parents die, friends dritt a\\ ar', marriages
break up, but the relatjonship with siblings carries
on and the memories of llfe thai has been shared
l!,ith our siblings rcmain \\'iih us lons aiier
childhood has ended.'

1 Lookat theseadjectives.
Whichdo you thrnk
describe
femalecharacteristics
typically
and
whichdesaribe
typicaly malecharacteristics?
Are anyo{ them equaly maleandJemale?
sensb e emotional aggressivedetermrned
adventurouscautious technicaly-mnded
decisive carnq contrary reliable
senstive stubborn
yourideaswith anotherstudenl.
2 Compare

3 Discuss
thesequestions,
1 Doyouth nk peope arebornwithtypicalymae or
female
characterist
cs,or arethesea res!ltof ther
upbrngng?
Woud youwantyolr chldrento havetypica
ly
'male'or 'femae' character
stlcs?
Shoud parents
conscougly
iry to nfluence
ther
chldren!attludesaacbeha'r
our?

'15

.2 1
fl) 1 Listento a motherspeakinqand de(ide
with
whethershewouldaqree; disaqree
eachof thesestatements.
1 Husbands
andwrvesshouldsharethejob of
bringing
uptheirchldren.
2 lvlydaughters
seemto haveveryditferentinterests
andcharacters.
behaviout
3 I'm worredaboutmye destdaughter's
pretty
my
to
wear
clothes.
4 | lke
daughters
her daughteras
2 Listenagain.Gaynordescribes
@
a 'tombov'.Whathasshenoticedabout:
a Vegans physcalappeardnce?
b) Megans behavour?
3
Ui, 1 Now listento a secondmotherspeakingand
decidewhethershewouldagreeor disagree
with eachof thesestatements.
Girlsareeaserto bringup thanboys.
It3wrongto haveambtionsfor yourchildren
theyneedto find theirown.
Husbands
andwivesshouldsharethejob of
brngingup thelrchidren.
I don'twant mysonto becomea typicalmale.
towards
5 My hlsbandand havethe sameattitudes
oursontLJpbringing.
(D 2 Listenaqain.Marietalksaboutboysbehaving
doesshe
differenilyto qirls.Whatexamples
give:
a) of herbrothers'behaviour?
b) of herson! behav
our?
4: Lookat theseextractsfrom the listening
words
texts.Whatdo you thinkthe highlighted
mean?
1 l/ly husbandRhodristhe breadwinner.
2 womenwho mollycoddle
theirsonsturn themInto
awfulhusbands.
3 My husband's
afraidhe'llbe pickedon at schooliI
he'stoo soft.
:i 3:r Dis(ussthesequestions.
1 ln whatwaysareGaynorb
andMarie3atiitudes:
. thesame?
. different?
2 Wh ch of themdo youthinkhasthe bestattitude
brlnging
uptheirchildren?
towards

il,,,,,',....,,

Exam focus
Paper3 Useof English:key word
transformations(Part 5)
Aboutthe exam:In Paper3, Part5, you are given
a sentence
and askedto completea secondone
usinga 'keyword'.Themeaningof the second
sentence
mustbe similarto the first.Youmust
use3-5 words,including
the keyword,which
you mustnot changein anyway.Thistasktests
yourknowledge
of grammatical
structures,
vocabulary
and differentwaysof expressing
the
sametdea.
Suggestedprocedure
'I Readthe two sentences
and the keyword.
Thinkaboutwhat informationincludedin the
is mis5ing
firstsentence
in the second
sentence.
2 Fillin the missing
words,beingcarefultokeep
the meaningthe same.
3 Checkthat you havenot:
. (hangedthe key word
. changedthe meaning
. writtenmorethan sixwords(contractions
count a5two)
. madeany unnecessary
changes,
e.g,to
tenses
. madeanyspellingmistakes.
Forquestions1-8, completethe secondsentence
sothat it hasa similarmeaningto the first
lentence,usingthe word given.Do not change
the word given.You must usebetweenthree and
six words,includingthe word 9iven.Thereisan
exampleat the beginning(0).
Example:
0 Whatarethechances
of thefim winnng an
Oscar?LIKELY
How llkly i4 L.-rh* ih6 f-i4i..wi I w n an oscar?
1 Fewerpeoplelivein extended
famly unitsin this
countrynowadays.
COMMON
It is.........
...........
................
.........
to ive n extended
famiy
unitsin thiscountrynowadays.
2 | don'tth nk you'llfindit hardto findCynthia!
house-DIFFICULTY
I don'i think...
.......
f ndingCynthas
house.
3 My brotherSamwasv,Ary
surprised
to beoffered
thejob caME
Thejob offer
my brothersam.

don'tm ndwherewe decide

to go ior our
famiyho dayth s year DTFFERENGE
t doesnt .
wherewe
decdeto go for oLrrfamiyho daythisyear
Gaynor's
fr endspersuaded
hernotto get
married
in spring.TALKED
t wasGaynorlir ends
gettng married
n sprn9.
Whydidnobody
tel methatthematchhad
beencanceed? INFORIVIED
Why. ... .... .... .. ... the cancelationof
thematch?
c ndyintends
to complain
abouttheservce
In thatrestaLJrant
GoING
c ndy
compa nt about
restaurant.
theseTVce
n trrat
could borrowyourumbrea thisevenng,
p ease?LEND
Wold
thsevening,
p ease?

2 Complete
the sentences
usingthe correctform of
1.
one of the wordsfrom Exercise
1 Hebooked
a tabe at anexpensve
restaurant
. ...... to
celebrate
theirannlversary
2 I hadan accident
wth mysisters
carandnow t'sa
y ..........
write-off its complete
now
I Couldyou.......thetablewhileI getthefoodready?
4 Sometimes
wrtersdon't stateexactlywhattheyth nk youhaveto ..........
t fromther choice
of words.
5 l l haveto stopat thebankbecause
l'vegot ..... . any
cashon me.
6 Thestoryaboutthehomeless
familyhada tremendous
y Lrpset.
..........
on me.I wasextreme
7 lmmigration
officers
haveto . ........
thepassports
of aL
themembers
of famllesentering
thecountry,
even
chldren.
8 f/y clothes
leelvery...... sinceI lostsomewe ght.
9 Hehasno .. .....andwil do anything
at al to make
money.
10 | haveveryhappy ... .. of famly hoidays
at the
beachduringmychidhood.

Vocabulary2: easilyconfused
woros
1

Work with three other stLrdents.

Choose
one of the groupsof wordsA D below
if necessary
to find
Useyourdictionary
in meaningbetweenihe
the differences
wordsin eachpair Checkthe
pronunciation,
partof speech
and any
collocations
aswell asthe meaningof
compare
/ contrast;
chldish/ chldlke;
affect/ effect;specialy
/ especa ly
prescrpton
pr nciple
/ princpal'
/ receipt;
oney/ a one;memory/solvenir
e / ay;rase/ rise,practise
/ practce;
oose/ o5e
worthles5
/ price
ess;mpy/infer;
hard/ hardy; check/ contro
Workwith threestudents
who have
studieddifferentgroupto{ wo.ds.
Expla;nthe di.fe.er(ebetweerthe words
in the pairsin yourgroup.

Writing: competitionentry (Part2)

About the exam: ln Paper2, Part2, you nTaybe
askedto wrlte an entry to a competltionol some
kind. Competitionentr es'aTenot a separate
text type, but can invo ve writ ng a descrption,
d4 dtt ,lp, d r c \ ' o, n ot . r o

dt . e

A r

.o 6- . la

text type,it ls importantto makewhat you r,",/r

te
a! intererting
and engagng tor the readeras
possible,
andto incude reasons
why yourentry
yolrareenterng a
shouldbe chosenRemember,
compettion, 50you haveto persuade
the j!dqes
th a t you 5 houldwin!
'l
1 Howdo you thinkyou canmakeyourwriting
interesting
for a competition
entry?Choose
the bestideasfrom the listbelow.
a) use nterestnq andvariedvocabulary
yourtargetreader
b) th nk aboLJt
c) usea verylormalgtyle
d) Lrse
a varetyof d fferentstructures
e) Ink d e a sogcaly andceary
t) useheadings
andbuletpoints
g) used rectquotatonsandanecdotes
h) lse rhetoricaquestons
pe6lasveargument
or expanation
oi why
) nclude
yousnouto
wn
2 Whichtwo ideason the listwouldnot be
appropriate
for anyof the four text types
givenabove?Whichone isvitalfor any
competition
entry?
2 Lookbackat sectlonD of the text on
page69.Findan exampleof:
. a rhetorical
qLrest
on
. a quotaton
. informal
language.
3 Lookat the task,and the cornpetition
entry
that waswrittenin answerto the task.
'| How isthe writingorganised?
What isthe
purposeof:
. thet rstparagraph? . the astparagraph?
2 Replace
expressions
markedwith * usingany
one of the threelinguistic
devices
in Exercise
2,
or wlth substitution.
3 Find5ixspellingmistakes
with double
con50nants,
7A

Youseethisannouncement
in an international
familymagazine.
'Bestmemberof anyfarrilyeverl'award
We want you to nominateone of the members
of yourfamilyfor our'Bestmemberof any
familyeverl'award.Sendusyourcompetition
entry,tellingusaboutyournomination.
Your
entryshouldl
. describe
what the memberof yourtamilyis
lik e
. explainwhat theycontribute
to familylife
. tell uswhy theydeserve
to win the award.
Write your competitionentry in 220-260

t 1&r. .1 t.thl^.|,c
L)r.lr.t
at,.rnt,, tu./ ! d.t)./ Ll. ya!)
|.r tr.. n.3l n.n[.t.i
lo.cr.,Jar,,a
4 m / ftki |/
.krl
l a d t L . . l i i a l 1 t . r . D ,.a n
4d4r./ lr..\t.t
,,r.1 t ./ Lr.: la ittr) q.0 lbotl t),3 p.:r..,tllit,
tt. s
tr.t
r a ur.l a.../
ih.rthtl!)
Ikl kkr
t,: t.cl..,
lh. Lnlrl .,./. .f .:k.qtL),7, 1ryi,! ta I tl|r. alt4
p..pt.: tp dlr.:t lhlf 4.. ra.J ar.t.LatrtD,
n- Nol
41 .f ,i. dt/ 1. hip a i,.,1
dha dat ,x t.artk:,
.r.t; ir.Nah lft d,1. a.itlt t^r.!4a .or
.l;i.!h
1,r.
pa Aa. tutt !"i.
trttJl
k:4ri; p..b1.d., bNt a)d4q.
dtrt... tishl ct ttl. Pt.hL.a. r
tttu.r...;l
t. dtt,rl tr. b E t. l4ditt:t 1,1. l)ta| h\k:.
L;d .. .p..,at
,.t ,. 1\/. bt.l.3l .,Uih.t cf lie lenlt
ilh.... ar. {t!.f
t.) ai.i re 6i.lrl t^rt th4l h.
a.0.t P..{..
i. rt.,.l
1,d,. a,lr i.
t,"h.J3 bL)t
^"
.:1.!:., 1 .jc l^,.t
ri laat' (h..
iln tNBl 3,h1,/g!+,
acl8
aJ .I blLbttii.r^t., 4. d.:, .r. tr .al. n.J.r
Nr..t t
ha.1 p.cblaa5 @,1, but,,!
at .c^../, h,: d,b il. li..l
i..{pp.ri
t!: 1r,.r A.lp d. 3.rl )t .t)1 wih lL Ltllr..
Whal k 3d.l l. lh. Lrr,e. * d.r. th.tdtbl.:l
.!tre.'!..
,5 lL b.r'|hi

,
lt
ol t
" 't 1 b . )
LnLl ,,. itiq],t{ulEt
le.pt. .at! 1}ttrl hc
ktAi )n 1A. dnl.l, dh.J {4 d1. tht i.

e,anh )5 d.frn.:r/
tii. b..t d"deJ .t .rt t.htq
aafuAzrej 4L/ t h.t. lh.ri t/d d)t 5..:1)1 l. r.da..r
htd .t t Ina) i. .i...d..
.,ii.

4 Writeyourown answerto the task.

Remember
to makeyouranswerinteresting
by
usinglinguistic
devices
from Exerclse
2, andto
persuade
the judge5to pickyourentryby
includinga final persuasive
sentenceCheckyour
spellingwhenyou havefinished.
rr Writing re{erencep.209

L\Ir

6 Review

1 Readthe text below and think of the word which

bestfits eachgap. Useonly one word in eachgap. There
s an exampleat the beqinning(0).

firstonholiday:
@ Whatcomes
phoneorfamily?
Passport.money.tickeh; theseare all essentialitemsto pack (0) ]!l-t? you'reoll on a
family holiday.A mobilephone,(1) .. ............
is a differentmatter especially
if everyonal
wofk hasthe llumber.Theoretically,
it (2) ............
...to be possiblefor stressed-out
managersto
havea phone-freefortnightwithout iDter.uptions(3) .
. rality,go to any
Mediterraneanbeachholel whereBritishfam;liesstayand you'll be confrontedby the
pathetiosightof husbandsand fatherswanderingarcundthe pool (4) .. .....
...... mobilephones
clampedtotheirears,sayingthings(5)..............:'lt'sinthethirddrawerdown,nextlothe
peflcils.'or'l tbolrghtthat coDtraclwnt oiT lastWednesday.'
To ile scnsilivcobscrvcrthcrcis a lragicjuxtapositionbetweenthe beautyof the
surroundings.
wilb lhc lamily all cnjoyingthemseivcs
togelher(6) .... . .....once.and the dull
fi ndanily of tbc issucs(7) .. .........discussion.
mattersworse.a quirk of
To (8) ..............
flobilcphoncpricirlgmeanslhcscpoorlalhersprobablycnd(9).............payingforthecall
that'scomebcrwccn(10) ... ..... and quaiily ti,ne wilh (hc family.
pull of the phone:carryingit aroundwith them
So e. il s true,do try !o resist(11) ... ............
bur le^vingil swilchedoil02) . . .........tbey gerback to the horel.The rrouble(13) .. .....
.......,
thcy speDdth wholeday wonderingwho (14) . ......
......havecalled,and then the whole
evenilg in a stateof frustrationbecause
everyonehasnow left the ofllceand theycan't
(l$ . ....... baokto them for anothersixteenhours.

2 Findwordsor expressions
in the text that
meanthe sameas:
unclefa or ol pressure
2 everyoay
anooornq
l

.+relurnsomeone!
cal
3 Eachof thesesentences
containta wrong
word.Findthe wordsand correctthem.
' Thepr nc plereason
for the rnlstake
\'vascareessness.
2 Thedoctorgavemea receipt
to taketo thechems1.
I ve ostsucha ot of we ght recenty :-:t a my
c otnesaTeose.
I Altholght'snotwofihanythrg, r.at'.m _
photograph
s worthessto me.
I W h e nh ecal edh e nferredthaiher.3-.ieous,
thoughhedidn'tactuay do an!r.'.

19

UNIT

/
-

Creative
talents

Examfocus
Paper4 Listening:
sentence
completion(Part2)
About the examrIn Paper4, Part 2, you
\.dr \o.n! nrn q vino d 1a k A '. or p 9l
scnll]nces
summariges
lnformationfrom
thc talk In eachsentence,a word or short
phrascis nrissinq.
As you lsten, you
.omp c1ethe gaps in the sentences
with
thc missng intormatlon.You hedr the
words which you need to write on the
re.ofding, but you don't hear the exact
'.rr.r',^, il.hp t.r,l l-ey d p
",1-1-d l
of what you hear.
Suggested proredure
i Look at the rubricand the task heading.
Think about who you will hear,the
context (i.e.is it a radio programme,a
ledure, etc.?)and the topic.
2 AfLerhearingthe rubrir,you havtime
lo read through the questions.Think
about the type of informaiionthat is
mlssingin eachone For example,is lt
an object,a place,a personor a
3 Readthe whole sentence,inc udlng
any words after the gap
'
4 Listento the recording.The eentences
are in the sameorder as the ta k use
them to follow the speakerCompiete
any gapsyou're sureof, but rernember
you'l hear the recordingagain.
Eachanswerir a singleword or a very
short phrase(e.9.a noun with
adjectives).
Don't try to write long
answers,or you will missthe next one.
You are llsteningfor the mlssing
information so don't wr te words
alreadyin the sentence
Listenagain to checkyour answersand
comp ete any rnissin9gaps.
Checkyour answers.Do they make
completesensein the sentence?Check,
for exarnple,whether answefsshouldbe
singularor plura andthatyourrpel ng

80

1 Youwili heara localradioannouncement

abouta
charitable
eventca ledTheCowParade.
Forquestions
1-8,comolete
the sentences.

Thecowperedl#
I

prcgramme
Tonight3
isaboutthe city3twentieth
annual...............
,..,......
,,,,,..
,,...,,,,(1)
Fibrcglasg
cows,decorated
in a widerangeof
.......,(2)
andcoou6,wi be on
showaroundthe c ly.
Theo ginalcreatorof the cowswasa ...,.......
...............
,......,,....(3)
byoccupatlon
Azoo,agalleryanda................................................(4)are
asexamoles
o' ocal'irnsspolso.irgcows
At the endof the event,up to .............
.........
.........
.........
......(5)
of
the cowrwrllbesoldin a cha ty auction.
In 2003,a cowdecorated
with smallpieces
of
...................................
............
....(6)
soldfor a recordpfice.
Oneof the maincharitis
benefiting
fromthe eventgivesaldto
(7) in poorcountries.
.........
........
At eventscalled.................-.................
.......".......(8),
chidrenw lldecoratea
cowwlth th!mbna photos.

2 Who do you think mightbuythe cows?Do you

thinktheyhaveanyartisticvalue?
3 Listenagainand makea noteof wordsthat mean
the sameas:
1 theentrance
hal cf a argepubic bulding
2 moneyTaised
ai a .taritabe event.

t \11 7

Vocabulary

phrasalverbs

1 Lookat thissentence
from the listening
and
answerthe questions
below.
Yournayevenhavespottedthe odc mJ i co ouTed
cow
poppl/rgup n unexpecreo
p aces
ngsaanding
forpopplnq
I Whatdifference
wouldsubst:ut
up maketo how nterest
nqthesentence
s?
popup
thephrasa
verbs
2 Whats thed fference
between
andpopout?Whatideado theyshare?

I Readthe text What s henna?What s t usedforT

It'sfidfi
but is it rsallg

drt?

While sonlepeolte deny that bodypaintingis art,

otherc \1) thil1kol I tlxinkllp ii as a iraditional lorm
of self-cxpression
that is as much art as paintlng
L_or
5,000yearspeoplehavedecontedtheir bodies
u.-ing,rraturrl prodLc!calledhennawfuch stain.
skin a brjght red colour.Inmany countriespeople
bellevedthat ha\ringsuclrdecorationwolld
\2:)bing aboutI bring raw'd good fortune, and
traditionatly we (3) co,relo / .omd,.ross examples
of hennaart on ihe handsahd fcat of wornenon
specialoccasions.Flo\teve{, henlra is becoming
increasingly (4) so,/g&torf / s"'rgit d/er in westcm
.,r I rF\Ml.ereyounSpeofle\varnnt to rn' bod\
art (5) 8o/r/ / Sr of henna becauseits effect is
icmporarytand fun. One hennaartistsaysthat
manl,ciienishaveoutmgcoushennaari
decorationsdone before they (!) setall I setabout
they carrenjal,ihe decoraiion$.hile
they are away,bui it u,iu h.d,rc(7) a)al aa)ayI uanl
orf by the time they have to (8) 80 r?r,il.tr/ go bdrl io
woik or aoltege.,

2 Choose
thebestphrasaverbs
ir :.
3

\ A, h: r K i h a

mar^.^

^l

r h .,

. :- -

ni <.,

<( i ho(.

a r e a i veta e n t5

.(+i ^n(

1 Wou d you ke io hale hennaart on yoLrf

body?!Vhv)A'!hrnot?
2 Do you thin<that anythng that s rerI]porary
hasanyrea !a Lre?

Speaking1: two-way
(Part
conversatron
3)
paperyou
1 In Part3 of the Speaking
haveto worktogether.lt isveryimportant
to dlscuss
eachpicturein turn before
negotiating
a decision.
Theexpressions
in
the boxare usefulfor movingthe discussion
on from one pictureto another.
Whydon'twe ta k aboutthemal n turnT
LeIS mOVe
On .
That'sas muchaswe cansayaboutthat.
Whai aboutthe next.. ?
Thisone s nterestrng.
Whatdo you think
Haveyouanyother deasaboutth s?
Lets qo back to
2 Work with a partner.Discuss
the
fo lowing task.Remernberto move the
dllcussionon and talk about allthe pictures
on page 181.
I d llkeyou to maqinethat therels a p an to
open an artscentrein a smal town. The dea
is thal this w I attractv s tors to the area.
Herearesomeof the thingsthe organisers
are consideringas possibe exhbits. Talk
togetherabolt whethertheseareapproprate
th ngsto exhibt ln an artscentre.Then
decidewhrchlour mrqhtattract most visitors
3

Discuss
thesequestions-

1 Shoud iowns nvestmoneyn aTtscentTes,

oT
n ne\.\rbusnesses?
Why?nrvhynot?
2 What kindof art do you ike)Why?
3 Somepeope saythat a I art s a wasteof
time What do you th nk?
4 Do youth nk art sholrd st I be taughtin
schooh?Why?AVhy
notT
q <h ^ h : . r <1 <h F . : n

thansingers
not?
or acto.si\'Vhy?Aryhy

choose?
Checkin a d ct oneri ' .:,
wrte a sentence
to snowtfre-:: _

81

f!

LrNIT 7 c reatveralents

Reading: multiplechoice(Part3)
ii1: Discuss
the5equestions.
whatis art beenchanqed
1 Howhaveour ideasaboLrt
bytechnology?
2 Do youthinka computergamecouldbe considered
asa workof art?Why?n/hy not?
ot (orputer gameswouldyouviewas
3 what aspecrs
a) artsticb) technlcal?

Readthe articleabout computergamesquickly.

Do thesepeople(A-D) believethat the games
are an artformor not?
N c Keman c lohn De Nlargheriti
B RogerEbert D SteveStamatiadjs
You are going to read an articleabout
computergames.choosethe answer(A, B, C
or D) whichyou think fits bestaccordingto
the text.
sessions
Whatls the aimof the Fridayafternoon
in the firstparagraph?
described
A to find out f a newgameisworkingproperly
to try out newgames
B to alow non-speclalists
a chanceto interact
C to givethe gamedesigners
D to giveemployees
a breakfromintense
concentTal0n
Whatdoesthe word 'it' in line30 referto?
A a theoryput {orll/ardby NicKelman
B the tota effecta computergamecanhave
C the videogameasa formof entertainment.
D the artisticvaue of certainpartsof computer
games
that the
the writersuggests
In the thirdparagraph,
computergamesndustry
A hasa ot to learnfromihe film industry
a partoJthe film indunry
B s fastbecoming
C is morecommercially
drrventhanthe film industry
ihe highstatusof the tilm
D hasyetto achieve
In0unry
Accordng to the wrter,why is Miyamotocompared
D.W Griffith?
to thefilmmakef
A Hehasemployed
a similarstylein hiswork.
of fiim enthusiasts.
B Hehasgalnedthe respect
waysof workingthat have
C Hehas ntroduced
influenced
others.
the useo{ a shiflingperspective
D Hehasp oneered
gamesin computer

5 RobertEbertthinksthat computergamesshould
not beconsidered
asaft because
A theyareessentially
interactvein nature
ideasto the
B theydo not presentsophisticated
enduser.
C theyareceatedby teamsof peoplerather
thanby individuals.
D theyarecreatedby peoplewth technca
ratherthanartistc skils
6 ForJohnDe Margheriti,
the artlsticvaue of a
Dy
computergamecan0e measurco
goa
A the complexity
of the
s the playerisset.
I the degreeto whicha playergetsinvolved
rnrt.
C the naiureol the worldthat s createdby the
designer.
orignal
D the extentto whichthe designerS
visionis realised.
thewrter
7 At theendof thefinalparagraph,
with
reveals
that he agrees
A stamatiadls's
doubtsaboutthe contentof most
game5.
computer
reservations
aboutconslder
ng
B Ebeat's
compuler9amesasan.
c Keman'sanalysis
of the stateof the computer
gamesindustry
pointaboutthe functionsot
D De Margheriti's
arttorms.
do you find most
3 Whichof the arguments
Why?
convincing?

I \lT

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aaa

aa

C r e a r v et a e n G

aaaaaa

I 'r
r_lr_ltt
15l
l'lE:BUTI tr IT ft[';T?
a a a o a ooa

a a aaaoaaaaa

aaa

requir plaler choices.

rhich is the
in reveruefrom5US254 billiot nt 2004
in
2(xr9
have
barcly
oithe
sr.ategy
oi seriousfilm
Io
billion
opp{xite
$US55
;t alia.thjrtybloles sit at their
public
porception
that
rnd
lireralure.
which
requires
authorial
alteed
the
95
drinhingCole andtviddling
the
domain
of
glorjous,
computer
ate
conputergenerated
50
with the
Samcs
Tlt lounderoiNlicm Fone.JohnDe
a.rossrheirsceens.
hndscapes
splashcd
gamcs
tnen
own
Not
or{y
do
hlve
Nlargbe.iri,
d(Esn'tagree:'Theaurhoroi
WearinCcnomoLtslrcndphoner.Lhe
gammd
gamc
has
wnttcnsomegnnd plotline,
ald
cliches,blt
a
handful
of
lne
computcr-gamc
dcsjgDcslook likc
desigf,en
have
recognisable
styles.
1oo
has
crealed
the
rdccs,thepretertofthe
koalaslDtenton thcirsork. The
gamers.
you in
Anong
lhe
namcs
Shigetu
storics.'
hc
srys.
Hc s constrained
t5
soLrnds
thal cman$c fion this
Wrighl
indoce
the
you
ntrst
do.
nissions
Miyamob
and
Will
a
scrics
ofqrcsts
colonyarcnoulc clickr aid
yon mustcompietc,
sameesFct thatStanlcyKrbrick and
obiectsyo( haveto
rap"r,l dN lo". $..,1' humol
prcvoke
p.m.,
RoteaAkman
in
movie
h!ffs.
collect.'In
De
Mar8heritr's
mind,the
hachines.On ccdlin F hys ut 3.30
1os
plays
godjnsr
New
rorkr
described
thc
JaFncse
designer
like
thcdirecbr oi
Ite
h)!e!er. wher lhc conpanJis creatinga
60
*ho
Miyanoro.
crcatcd
classic
a
film,bu
in
a
slippcry.
muhj-ficctcd
designer
lrnre. thescenechanges.Thrf!whenthe
ganB suchasD/r*?) (on8 and fte
univeNeinsteadofa shtic one.ln support
noorbeconres
annn{tcdby thesoundof
\l/.
Zelda,
as
the
D.
Grifltth
ot
oi his aument, De Margheriti dmws
Ia sc,td oJ
rhl|1),braiDiacs
?layiDgcomputergamcs
gamc
pioncercd
parfllleh betweenarrfonns:greateams
design..lust
as
Crifiith
\hile rheydlink beerandsucklollie!.
110
n.fflrivc
fiimmaking
in
the
early
20lh
rre nsengrossing
asgratnolelso! films,
:crrchingtor theflflwswithincach
65 cenr$ywnh cincmaric
devicessuchas
andplayersfinishingn gamecrn feetas
lnd cross-cutting.
sadasn readerwhen$ey purdownsuch
li Arnerican
authorNic Kelnan is to be thc flashback
many
o{
tne
a novel,Agrealaawork,be it sculptue,
bclicled,thc menn0nipulatingmonsleA Miyarnotodelcloped
jusl
ganes.
centrrl
to
such
as
film o. game,is immersive.'The
anfom
lechniques
now
onscrcen
:llc nol
efltertainment
sodds
115
games
immelsive.
and
shifling
of
is
simply
a
differnt
rnfonn.'
piovjdcs,rhcyle n'{slsengaged
cohercnt
ln anew
Dc Margheririsays. Adloms havc
rflihrm thursuTasseivisuulind rechnical70 pointof!iea. His wolk is recognnablc
its
chjldlikc.joyols
slyle.
ditlcrent
lunctions.SomArchite.ture
for
rbrucadnbra.
lndividual.omponen$of
ycar.
l.sr
the
iDtluenlial
may
nor
be
consid.rcdart ,..a threcElen so,laie
.omputcrgameshaveal{ays hadanislic
Eben,
of
rhc
chriasa
bedroom
rcd'bdck
houscin th. suburbs
ra l u c.'hcs ay s . ' B ulirLh cl a s tfe wy e a r\, filtn criric Roger
gamcs
r2o
isn'i
att,
but
Sydncy
OpcraHouscis.
trr-nrEr. banished
compulcr
thc
dresynthcsis
ofalllhose pansis
games
75
I
am
computer
are
lhc thrccproducirgsomethnrg
fronr his canonolanfoms.
Mosl
ihathaEsomekind
games
prcparcd
that
vido
c.n
bedroom
house,
bur
othcB
ee lhe Opc.a
ro believe
of deeperexpcrieDcc.lt nanscandslbe
sophisticaEd,
bc elcean!,subtle.
lbrm. Thats rherhesisKelmanpresenl!
bd visualiyvonde.ful,'
Sode who lvork wirhin the games
challcDging
in his l.tesl book.tlda Gdn.,4rr.
r25
wrote
websire
in
response
lo
indusry,
hosever.agrcewithEben.Stvc
Ebelr
oDhis
Itmay soundil]nocnous,but
Kelm!! s
30
beliele
$e
nature
ofthe
Snmatirdis.
.reative direcr,orud co
a Mdcr. Bul l
a$enion thaathe storylines.complcx
prclcnts
it
Fod
noring
beyond
founder
of
Bnsbme
sludio r/dtu., which
.hdacles, sound,musicmd bre.thtlking medium
ol
rn.
To
fry
rn.de
rne
/rqi
'
,,a,
,,8480meror
craftsmarshipro thc stature
visdahin gamesnate tlem lalid works
field
says:
knosled8e,no onc in oroutofthe
children
'GanescAnlotentially
elen anong
ofeir is conroversial,
(Lrlf rs rt. changinglhe
gafre
130
wonhy
safre
hxselerbeenableto citea
deliver the
ganers.Thefiln andconputerganes
grear
3s
$
dnm
ists.
wdy
think
about
I
of compdison ith lhe
someihing.bur
indusldes
feedoff eachorher.sirb
Iou
ganes
poe6.
ists
and
don
are
ai
stage
shen
lil.makeB. novel
r thinl
that
Hollywoodpilterjngdrlessuchas ?b,,0
conposers. Gdcs .verywhereported
about90 ler.enr areabourpeople
nailer,leltu gmes jndDsf) thatrook
Ebert
Ie\erishbloerepliescondemniDg
runningaroundshootingat somefiing.'
otrin tbc l9E0s.enxinslhe bratlier
13sBur.lct s faceit, whdtee lhe mdjofty oi
.ousnrof thc norie business.
Predi.tions andaskinghin ro erplainhimsell
lhai thevalueof thegamesindlstry rvill 90 Admnringrhathe rdel) playsthegames. films abour?Whatcvu lhc realitiesot lhe
eekeelacc- maybcNliyamoto ard othe6
he sa\i: Tlrere\ a stncturalreaonfor
suryass
tlr m andmusicjndustne\
rhri: ..s!ure. gamesby lheir nan{e
har alread left fte suburbs.
combinedwithin a few ycas incrcaiins
rtle M lro Forte \tuJi,' in Clrbe,

83

LNIT 7

Cratvetalenis

1 Findwordsor phrases
in the articlethat meanthe
sameas:
(para1)
1 not verywe dressed
2 concentrating
hard(paral)
3 comefrom(para1)
4 vey (para1)
(para1)
5 mistakes
6 harmess(para3)
(para3)
7 very mpressive
(para
8 stealng
3)
(para4)
9 wasthe f rstto try something
(para5)
10 veryexcited
11 makes
a compar
son(para6)
12 involv
n9(para6)
Completethesesentences
osingthe correctform
of one of the words from the article.
An .. . .. d scuss
on fo lowedthetalkaboutcomputer
gam,os.
Sandra
wasso ....... . . on herworkthat sheiailedto
realise
thateveryone
esehadgonehome
Petra
founda. .. .. ... n thedress
material,
sotookit
backto theshop.
Thev ew fromthe hotelbalcony
wasabsoutely
5 Tons grandfather
wasthe f rstto
. the useof
computers
in thisco!ntry
put
foundthatbookcompetely. . ........
andcouldn't
t down

Speaking2: individuallong
turn (Part
2)
'| Readthe followingtask.
HereaTesomephotographs
of peopleookng
at pictures.
Compare
two of the photographs
andsaywhatthe peoplemightbe enjoyng
aboutthe pictures,
and how longthe pictures
mightbe on show
2 In the examyou haveto talk on your
own for abouta minute.Whatdo you think
yoLrshouldspendmosttime or in thistdsk?
a) descr
b ng whatyo! canseein thepicture
b) speculating
on whatthepeope mightbe
enJoy
n9
c) speculating
on how ongthe picturesrr1ght
oe on snow
TlPl You shouldtry to usea range o{
languageand functions,so only describe
what you can seevery brieJlyotherwise
you wil not havetirne to speculate.Try
to or9anrseyour talk clearly,usingthe
task to help you. The task is summari5ed
on tre exam paperto help you.

tr\IT

1 Choose
two of the pictures
on thesepagesand
you
wantto say
makea noteof evelnhing
aboutthem in orderto comolete
the taskDon'twritefull senten(es,
Example:
Pic2 peaplejust loaking
Pia3 fathetand daughtertalkingabauttheart
your noteswith a partnetExpand
2 Exchange
your partner's
notesinto completesentences,
usinglinkingwordsand phrases
from the box.
whereas a though but
y In conrTasr
convefse

simlarly

4
1 Returnyoursentences
to yourpartner,Discu5s
yoursentences,
Theneachcompletethe task
withoutlookingat yoursentences
again
Speak{or abouta minute.
2 Discuss
how wellyou eachcompleted
the task,
and how you couldhavedonebetter.
3 Do the taskagain,comparing
the pictureyou
havenot usedwith one of the original
pictures,

Creativetaenls

Grammar'l: waysof referringto

the future
1
1 Readthefollowingdialogueand de(ideif one
or both of the alternativefuture lorms are
possible.
A: 50,what(l) areyou doing/ da yau do Ih s
weekendT
B: Well,there's
thisbrandnewpurpose-bu
lt galery
that l'vebeenreadingabout it (2)openr/ /s
openlngon Friday,
so | (3) 'n going/ go Ihercon
Saturday.
ApparentyiheyG) exhibnI are
exhibitlng
a collection
of someamazng animaart.
A : A n ima L a n
Wh
l a t s t h a t ? ' vnee v e rh e aordf lt .
B: Norme!Butl'vebeenchecking
it out on ihe
Internet,andthere s a lot of information
abou t.
lwantto findout enough
to Lrnderstand
what
| \5) 'n goingto see/ willbe seeirg n the
exhibtion.
a 5odo youthi_l rfarannalsca' prod-ce
rea a'l'
l'lltel youwhenI'vebeento the
B: Whoknows?
exhlbitionl8ut t's an intere(n9 dea,you haveto
a9ree.
A: OK I givein! WhaIl ne (6)dayou 9a I willyou
be9oln9?| mightevencomewith youl
2 We canusethe followingformsto talk about
the future.Findan exampleof eachone in the
dialogue.
. presentcontinuous
. presentsimple
. going ta
.

TU IU Te
C OnItnU OU S

3 Whendo we useeachform to talk aboutthe

futule?Usethe grammarreference
if
necessary.
Write a sentencefor eachform to
Example:
PrelentcontLnuous:
we usethe presentcontnuous
lo lall dboutarr"nqererts
th". h"\e dl edo)oee
fiade, e.9. I'm playingin a canceftan Saturday
evening.
lr',Grammarreferencep.198(16.3)

85

il

LNIT 7

Cfeanveiaenis

2 Readthe title of the following text. What

do you think it will be about?

An artist of the future?

Is he a completephenomenon?
He dashesofl
works of art with big, botd confidentsweeps
of the brush,and his style hasbeencompared
with Picasso.Nothing unusualin that,except
that &lward Simpsonis only si{ yearsold. He
hasbecomethe youngestartist ro havehis
work acceptedfor the British Watrcolour
Sociely'sannualexhibition,andhispaintings
sell for f,50 each.

\t

n
:iI

3 Readthe text again.Thereare five future

formsthat you did not usein Exercise
1. Match
eachof the numberedexamplesto its usebelow.
Then note down its form.
A to s8ythat something
will be completed
at a
particular
time in the fuiurc(5) vilLklnAdi.

ha.v.e.Pe.-e.n.
B to express
a predictlon
C to referto the verynextmoment
D to express
an aTTangement
or a planthat hasbeen
formaly organised
E to indicatea previously
scheduled
time
4
1 Readthe extractfrom a reviewof an art
exhibition.What is specialabout Edward?

t_

z Lrsten
Io two peoptewho havereadthe same
review,and are planningto go to seeEdward's
paintings
on show'Complete
the summaryof
their conversation.
sarahthinksthat lt is a goodideato be pad of
something
newbecause
rnostpeople
(l)
... ... ...Edwardyer
Wila.r agrees.
and
thinksthat it is difficultto predct whatEdward
(2) ... .......
..... ....... n the fLrtufe.Sarahadmitsthat she
is(3) ......
. buyn9 oneof Edward's
pant ngs
-- - ......
possib
asan investment,
because
it is
e that I twenty
y e a ' slrre h e f 4 l .
. . t re ro s r p o p - l a '
artistin thecountry.
Wiliamthinksthatit s
impossible
to predictwhathlspaintlngs
(5)..........
......
.........
........
worththen.Sarahs planningto sell
herpaintingfor a fortune,sothat she
......................
hertimeworkingin an office,bLrt
{6) .........
insteadshe(7) .. .. ..........
........
...herselfon a beach.
5 Fiveof thesesentenceshavea mistakein
the formationof the future.Findthe mistakes
and correctthem.
'l l'veneverlikedart, andso l'm not aboutto
startinggo nq to art 9aleriesnowl
2 | hopewe havestartedour newaTtcoursethis
time nextmonth.
3 Wor(on rrF nawa']scen.e d-Fro oegi-on
November
15th.
4 Doyouth nk you'llbegoingto theexhibtionth s
5 Look thosesecurity
menhavestoppedsue- she
won't havebeenreaisedthat shecan'ttakeher
cameranto the gallery
6 lwason thepointof buythe picture
whenI
realised
holv muchrt costl

tr\ll

cre.tveta ents

Vocabulary2: wordswith similar

meanino
'|
1 Threeof the wordsin eachgroupbelowhave
a similarmeaning.Highlightthe odd one out
in eachgroup.Whatdoesit mean?Youcan
useyourdictionary
if necessary.
Example:
a custom a frabrt an anomaly a tradt 0n
An anomalyisa strangear unusualfeature
af a

I Thefesno chancethey' havefinishedbu ldlngthe

new ga leryby the end ot the month
3 Secur
ty off c a s at the galeryareto get a 670pay
Trse
nexlmonrn.
5 Completethe secondsentenceso that it has
a similarmeaningto the first sentence,usingthe
rvordgiven.You must use betweenthree and six
words,includingthe word given.
- 'm lLrstaboutto buyan o I pa nt ng for my new
Tat. POINT
'm ........
an o paintingfor my new
I at.
I Thecompletion
of the new exhb t on spaces
for nextJune.DIJE
scheduled
tLa. e^ e.Lib on spar6
competednext.lune.
I

'm assumng that you haven'theardthe news

airoutthe art co egeyet UNLIKELY
th nk you
. the newsabolt
the art co egeyet.

I Thega erywi not stageanotherexhb t on th s

year. INTENTION
Thegaleryhas. .... ...
another
exhb tionth s year
7 Work with a partner.Tell h m/her:
I

dFir

!^

u,

I ha

n^

n^

)i

iha

1 collect hoard accurnu

ate b! ld
2 symbol s gn password logo
on
3 obsegslonpreoccupationfascinat
indfference
4 conceal d splay exhbit present
5 d srncentrvemotvaton reason ambrton
F

o,i l ^.o

'

ao, I

2 Findat eastone otherword with a similar

meaningto the odd one out in eachgroup.
Showtheword to anotherstudent.Canthey
matchit to the correctword?
3 Workwith a partnerUslnga dictonaryi{
ne(essary,
lookat the threewordsthat havea
similarmeaningin eachgroupabove.What is
the differen(ein their meaningor use?
the mostappropriate
wordsfrom
2 Choose
Exercise
1 to complete
thesepairsof sentences.
Usewo'dr f om the 5dmegroup[o, eachpa t
Youmayneedto changethe form of the words.
I a) Aftera detaled
by experts,
thepainting
waspronounced
1obea take.
hl Tha

^fnr,

m! .:((.^rr

haf^ra a lo\r\ 'g

me n to thecountry
and
2 a) Most:rtistsandmusc ansarenot
produce
want
wonderful
to
art
lust
b) Sportsmen
tendto be
byther desreto
wrn !
I a) Therewasa successiLrl
of a bumcovers
iromthe 1960sin London
wh ch attracted
manyvistors.
qavea detalled ... on the
b) Thedlrector
p
future ansfor lheartgalery

i .- l:..

. wrrereyoLrarego nq ToryoLrrsLr".-e' -a a;_/

. a b o ust or n e thryo
n gufropeyo! r, ':,:rc'3c'
achieved
n a)threemonthst Te a :_: -::'j
t mec)tenyears'time.

a7

t NlT 7

Cra t v et a enis

Use of English: word formation

(Part3)
1 Discuss
thesequestions.
1 Whydo peope colectth ngs?
2 Whatk ndof thrngs
do yoLr
colect,haveyo! ever
colected
or woud you iketo co ectin thefuture?
3 Whatmakes
a colection
of anythn9 vallable?

I Readthe text andtind two pie(esof advice

o[feredto peoplew10 hdvecolle(lions.

A cose of
collecfionmodness
Mostpeoplewhoenjoyshoppingasa leisure
(0) ettl.yJtJ
sooDer
or larerreachthepointwhere
$ey haveto try to reducethenumberof superfluous
(1) ...........
ri thtittheyhaveaccumulared.
Somethings.
like clotheshai havebecome(2) ... .... ..,areeasily
disposed
of, but to otherswe developa kind of
(3) ............,like souvenirs
sendmental
boughton
holidays,or giftsfrom friends.Mostreenagers
build
up collections:
be it CDsby favouritebands,foorball
memorabilia,
or whatever.
but for somepeoplelhe
urge1ocolled thingscontinues
into adultlife.
Suchpeoplearethesubjects
of a newbookby
Slephen
Callo$r)lhatlooksintolhe{4) ... ..
\torldol-collector\
obsessive
andlheirfassion\.
Theseincludeall sofisof people,rangirgfrorn
(5) .. . . . wlrohoardFineArt to ordinarypeople
whose(6) .... ..... for, say,poodledogsleadsrhemto
buy all manncrof poodlean andpoodleshaped
objects.
But whetheryou'reinto aft,pottery,football
programmes
or vintagemotorcycles,
all collections
needspace.
As Callowaypointsout, with less
inffinsically(7) .. .... aflefacts,
it is oftenonly an
(8) ...... . displaythatstopsa coilectionfrom
just a pile ofoldjunk. KnowingwhenIo
becoming
stopbuying,therefore,
andusinggood(9)
whenit comesto decidingwhatto keepandwhatto
.ell on.r. { lot
.. lbeke} to \ucce.sltl
c o l l ecr in g .
88

2 Readthe text again.Usethe words given in

cap tals below to Jorm a word that fits n tne
numberedgap. Thereis an exampleat the
beginning(0).
O ACTIVE
1POSSE55
2 FASHION
3 ATTACH
4 DENY
5 MILLION

6 FASCINATE
7 VALUE
8 I MA G I NE
9 JUDGE
10 DOUBT

Grammar 2l verb patterns

I
Readthe title and first sentenceof the 1ex1.
Haveyou heard of RobrtRipley?What do
you know about him? Readthe resl of the text
to 5eeit you were right.

m/,.]n \^/hn

" t' "

./-\r rl.ln t ci^^

a/tt aal n/-r tn rnar< |

B drni n l 89l i tr C rl i i orni r.l krbcnR i pl cywir sI scllhusht xni st.w ho,!,kr!4/ (l ).
(!rl )hist j r
d wing whcnh. wlrs 14.A narurxlxthlete.he /.rr,(./
(:)
(l"f?) l c rec. in brscbrll. but/ntl'"/
(.r)
trr'i.r'4) this rir.r brcdki g his arm in
hir finr profcssnnrlrl
ganre.Withouralr,rtrr rhis
(a)
Q,rl?4if.) with his othcf plais, he b.{d,
(5)
(trr,{l xs r profcssnmal
ca oonisrrnd in
(dr" !J cartoonfscr t unng
1918hc s2rr?21(6)
.
udJ :. r. Th(i , .,J.< .',, .,,.,A r./ hrm| / .
Qxrlli.) his interestin oddities.
Ridey /of../ ( 8)
lelle. t) btr aroLlc.l
(91
(.r4!t") anyrhingnomrl he rflr ra
(10)
0i1l) his houseswith odd r|telach. He
$as an unusuNlpeBonlvho ldle/ ( I1)
(,*ttt
brighl colour: he collecte(lcus,but never/.,a/r.l
./,j .< ., H < .< ,.- 4/-,/../ tt .r
(!r!) r.cordlrg equitmentfor rudiobroadcasrs,
but
,.\' .i L I l r'
,r' 2,," /., r,, rh) r(l (t r ur . I n
casehe lJtcd i l5l
(be) electrocured.
He
d.t.!t.t! \l6t
(s"D). but owied many boats.
ln |9lI. hc opcncdhis firsl Odditorium, ift.dn,s
(ll)
1,/i.?1ar')
his srangc anefhcts.He never
resrcnet t tNt
(./.) rhis.as ir ivasso successflill
thereareno\ c\er 17 museumsin ten counries,and
touristsnrc dr.,tr/as.1(19) . ... ... . (,rar.) rhema

ll\11 7

2 Readthe text again.Compleieli !s ng

the correctform of the verb5n
t'racKets.
2 Matcheachsetof verbsa-f to the
correctpattern1 6. Referto the text if
necessary.
a) E avod, detest,magne,keepon,m nd,
m ss,puto{f,r sk
b) [

beg,encourage,
nvte,persL-rnde,
L.rrge,
aow

.) n attempt,deserye,
expect,Ia , manage,
neglect,
threaten,
dare
remember,
d) E forget,90 on, ike,regret,
stop,try
e) E make,et,hep
propose,
i) n begn, continue,
intend,
start
verbsfo owedby -ingor nf nitive(w th to)
withdrfferent
meannqs
, . , e r bf oLo
s weby
d l r gor ninitve{wlhto)
wth smalor no dtierencen meanng
verbsnormi ly fo Iowedby nf n t ve (w th
lo)
verbsnormaly fo owedby rng
5 verbsnorma1yJo owedby an objectand
ni n tive(w thoutto)
6 verbsnormay foLowedby an objectand
an infinitve(withto)
3 Choosethe correctalternativein
eachof these rules.
I Verbsfol owed by the nf n tive, e g
I expecLta seehim tantght,often refer
back ta the past/ forwatd ta the future
2 Verbsfo lowed by -ing, e g lrcmembel
closingthe windaw befareI |et'tthe haus-^
often referto an act on of statethat
o<nffed befare/ after the ma n verb
Grammarreferencep.197(15)
4 Completethe text us ng the correct
form of both the verbsin brackets.
Rememberthat sometimesyou may need
to add an object.
'i,
l:''i: ' .'.:;
: J.
;:.
;, i"
.l
'9ir.:;;, ti;," i li rr,

areatveta ent5

$tej**t,recycle
Do you havea roomfulof clutter,or are youtidy?
Do you agrcewithpeoplewho (1) .kil yau..te.p.hrpw
(tel/thro64
thingsawayas soonas theyare no
. .......
.......(retuse/get
longerusefufor do you (2)
fld o4 anylhing?Ol course.we all (3)
\enjoy/lookbackl on our lives; everyone
(4).
. . .......(remember/have)
a lavouriletoy
or articleof clothingin the past,butdo we
(mindlsee)
(5) ...
theselhingsbeing
valuednowas partof a nostalgican molf in a
lf onlywe had keptlhem,they
trendyreslauaant?
low of us
woutdbe wortha lot ot moneylHowevr,
(6) .. ......
......
. . ... \imagine/make)
moneyfromour
(7)
. .... ... .. ... lfailhealise)the
momories.We
futurevalueol manyol th itemswe possessed,
andthrewor gavethemaway.lf onlywe had
(8) . ...... ..
.. lplan/develop)a collectionol
suchitemsat the time,we wouldnot now
(9) . .... . .... ... (regrelmissoui)on a handsome
profitlSo my adviceto you is this.Whenanyoneparents.
padners.
krends- (10)
a clearoutot yourtreasures,I
lpeBuade/have)
(11)...........
.............lurye/reconsideO.
f heymaythlnk
theyare only(12)
\attemp|rcmove)
your
unnecessary
clutterlrom
liie,but theymay be
(13).......
. {encouragelmafie)
the biggesl
your
mislakeof
lilel
,i,l

5 Discuss
thesequestions,
1 Doyou havea roomfuof c utler,or areyoLrt dy?
2 Whatdo youth nk of the advcethe writer9 vesat the end
of the text?Why?
3 Do youthrnkihat co ectng souvenrscouldbea qoodway

,,r../\.

,f:"_#
89

U\IT 7

Creanve
ta ents

Writing: review(Part2)
1

2 Lookbackat page86,wherethe
m ssingelernent
canbe found.Then
readthe wholereviewagainand
answerthe questions.
1 Howwouldyoudescribe
the ny e of
thereview iormal,informal
or a
mixture?
2 Whydoesthe revewerincuded rect
speech?
3 Howdoesthe revewercatchthe
reader's
nterest
in thebeginn
ng?
4 n wh ch partof therevewdoesthe
Tevewertncude
a) a description
oi thepantings?
b) h s ownoprnon?
c) general
corrrnents?

Discuss
thesequestions.

1 What k nds of thingsare revewed in newspapers

and
magazines?
2 How rnuchare you nfluencedby a revew? Would a good
reviewencourageyou to go and seea f lm? Would a bad
reviewstop you buyinga book?

1 Look atthe informatjonaboutwriting reviews.Then

read the reviewof EdwardSimpson's
paintingsbelow.
Which elementis missing?
Revewsusualy nc udethe fo low n9 e ements
. introducton to catchreader'sintefest
. backgroundinformation
. a brief accountof what is being reviewed
. any9eneracomments
(eitherpostiveor negative)
. personal
opinon and recornmendation
Hc comesfrom a long lineof anists,but hrs benpainring
seriouslyfor lessthana year.AjthoughEdward's
js a p$fessionalpainterandillusrratorof
grandfather
children'sbooks.he waslessthananxiousto encourage
his six-year,old
grandson,
panlybecause
he didnl wanr
him 10damagehispaints,but mosrlybecause
'we did not
ncedaDolher
strugSling
andpenniless
anisrin lbe family'.
In hjs fathefseyes,though.Edward'spaintingsarespor
on.Edwardreailyis a natuml.He mayonly be six, but he
hasan eyefor arl andknowsinstinctively
whathe is doing
I
with a painibru
sh'.
So whatkind ofpicturesdoesEdwardpaint?He enjoys
paintinganim,tls.
especiaUy
dogs,andhis approach
is
simpleanddirect.His bold canoonish
figureshavealready
est blisheda smallbut exclusivemarketpeoplemayweli
be collectingthemwirh an eyeto thefuture.He uses
pnmary coloursand a naturalapproach.andhis pictures
wouldaddchannto any livingroom.Somepeoplenighr
find them too sjmple for sophisticatedtastes,bur lhere is
cefainly sonerhingspecialabouttheshecpin panicular
thalcatches
theeye.
Wlen I first saw Ftrlward'swork I was surprisedat the
effecl it hadon me. I was profoundly moved.I found the
clca! Iinesof his paintingsremarkableandlhoughtprovoking,arctum to thesimplicityof Picasso.
Will
Edwardbe the Picassoof the tuture?Only time will tell,
but I think his exhibition is well wonh a look.

3 Thereviewerhasvariedthe
ianguage
to keepthe reader's
interestand bringthe paintings
alive.Findwordsor phrases
in the
reviewthat meanthe sameas:
'l unenthus
astc
2 paol
3 exactly
r ght
4 lke iunnydrawings
5 noticeable
6 stronglyaffectedemotonaly
7 thefutureisuncerta
n
3 Lookat the followingtask.Write
a review,remembering
to includeall
the elements
from Exercise
2. Take
special
careto beginin a waythat
yourreader'5
catches
interest,
and use
a rangeof vocabulary.
An international
magazine
is
runninga series
of reviews
of
exhibitions
and museumg
called'lt
reallyhad an impacton mel'You
decideto contributea reviewYou
shoulddescribe
the exhibitionor
museum,
explainwhat hadsuchan
impacton you and saywhetheryou
wouldrecommend
it to others,
Write your review in 220 260wordsWriting referencep.204

Ir\Ir

7 Review

at the end of some

1 Readthe text below.Usethe wordsgivenin capitals
o{ the linesto form a wordthat {its in the gap in the sameline.Thereisan
at the beginning(0).
example
Would you pay oyer the oddsfor a private viewing?
How muchwouldyou bc willing to pay lbr a few moments
painting?TheNeueGallery COST
aloncwith theworld s (0) ."ap.9.!.!le?t
rccentlywith its muchpubliciscd HEAD
in New YoIk hit the(1)
ACQUIRE
(2) ... ... ..of thepainti^gAdeleBloch-Bauer
I for a record
is nowon publicdisplayandthe
Sl35million.Thepainting
Callcrycharges
a modest(3) .. ... ..fcc of $15to Don-members ADMIT
who wantto conc in andview thework.
Thegalieryhascomcup againsta problem.howcver.Demand
..high.andthcreis
io seethispicturchasbcen(4)
aroundil.
always.r crowdo1'(5) .. .. visitorsgathered
oflhe
Thcrcis, thcreibre,no opporlunityfor quict(6)
piclure.
whcn
you
in
liont
of
lhc
woft; no timc
ca'rstand
(7) . ... ....by themovements
andconmentsof lllo$,artlovers

EXCEPT
AOMIRE
CONTEMPLATE
INTERRUPT

SOLVE
. It has
Theg llery has.howcvcr.comcup wilh a (8) ...
price
will
be
anDounccd
thalon Wednesdny
rftcrnoonsthe
pay
willing
and
able
lo
to
This
mcans
that
those
hikcd 1j50.
uith u moreintimrterrewrng CONSIDER
(91
m('re$illbc rc$r'trroc.l
EXPECT
livcsup to their(10).
Lct'shopethattheexperience

in eachof
2 choosethe correctalternative
thesesentences,
I Theexhb tion isaboutto / dueto openon 12th
December
/
Byih s t me nextyear, w I havebee, co//ectmg
I a for a most20 years.
col/ecred
footbaI nremorab
Howlongdoes/ //l t takefor the aftistto t n sh
th s commission?
Doyou remember
to see/ see,nqthat webste
games?
aboutcomputer
'm reay ookng foMardto go ,/Erolrg10the next
co lectofsfa r.
You'reboLrnd
fo erloy/ enlbying
ihat p ayt t3 a l
rie
a
reclus
ve
co
lector
of
f
art
aboLrt

3 Thereis one spellingmistakein ea(hof

thesesentences,
Findthe mistakes
and correct
them.
painter,
1 Edwardsgrandfathers a profesional
whichhasgivenEdwarda headstart
It isveryimportantto havea good lustrater
for a
childrenl
book.
I foundthe cleanI nesof the pant ng both
ram:rl a:h.

:n,1 l:vi^ri

n^

.,lany
an stsstruggleto makea iving,andsome
pennyless
.emain
almost
durng therrfetme.
l dl w dy\ redd rhc revc,wpdq" o' Le e^rpape

I find themthought-provoking
to
My roomisfull of clutter 'nr a waysplanning
havea t dyingsesionbut neverget roundto tL

Go to www.ifests.com or your CIROM for interactiveexam practice.

Listening1
1 Lookat this job advert.
SALES EXECUTIVE $"nted for busycity centro
oflice.GoodgenMleducationadd interp$otal
slills areessenlialandsomepreviousxpericnce
$
desirable.
The6uccessful
applica[rwil bea ilfstarterwith the ability to developthe clienrbasefor
a newraDgeof oDlineservices.
Sendyour CV to:
2 Whichof thesewordsand phrasesdo you think
describethe sort of personthe (ompanyis lookingfor?
sociabe ableto wo* independently
pushy hasgoodjudgement reliable
wilng ro'ollowsetoroceduresimaginative
cautious conformist aggressive trustworthy
assertive hascommonsense obedient courteous
3 What do you think is impliedby the term ,self-starter'
in the ad?Makenotes.

talkingaboutself-starters
andmake
@ + Listento someone
noteson what they sayabout the qualitiesof such
people.Then comparetheir ideaswith your own. Were
they the same?

,2 :
1 Do you think you could be a self-starter?
Completethe
questionnaire,
then add up your total score.

talkingabout
@ 2 Now listento someone
the questionnaire.
What are the
characteristics
of peoplewho score:
1 twelveor above? 3 f ve or belowT
2 sixto eleven?
3 Discuss
yourscores
with a partner
l

Whichtypeol person
doyouth nkwoud

beeasiest
to workwith?
2 Whichtypeof persondo youthinkmost
preferto employ?
companies
Why?

Vocabulary:three-part
phrasa
I verbs
I Lookat theseextractsfrom
listeningExercise
2.2.
...they're
norelikeyto fit in with accepted

methods
andprocedures
...justgefo, wlthwhattheyhaveto do ..

2
'| Matchthe sentencehalves.
I Somemanagers
fealylookdownon
administrative
staff
2 People
oftencomeup againstd fficult
9tuattons
lwas so disappointed
because
I sentoff
for an amazing
specialofferof a DVD
I couldn'tgo throughwith the job
I try to go aheadwith a I mywork
independently
Althoughchildrengrowout of p aying
with cuddlytoys
a) but I hada letterbackfromthe company
sayingthat theyhadrun out of copies.
b) because
I couldn'tfaceup to the
responsibility
it involved.
c) jn theirworkplace,
andoftenhaveto put
up with a lot of stress.
d) theyoftendon'tget roundto throwing
themaway;minearest ll in myatticl
e) but expectthosesamepeopleto get on
with them.
0 so that I cancut downon the numberof
boringmeetings
I haveto go to.

I \lT

for the hlghlghtedthree

2 Thinkof a synonym
part phrasalverbs
in the sentences
on page92your
ideasln the LongmanExams
Check
Dictiorary.Wereyou right?
in italicswlth a three'
3 Replace
the phrases
partphrasalverbfrom Exerclse
2.
'
' o oq Pd. de "r o ode a /h'9o lh'ner
wthoutcheck
ng thatthes te issecLrre
to d meI wasnotverygoodat
Athoughpeople
footbaI it wasn'tunt| | wasdroppedfrornthe
tearnthat lrea ly camero termswth the facl
Teachers
oftenlacebadbehavour frompupls in
thec:ssroom.
4 | don'thavemuchl, commonrjr'lthmys sterwe realways
argurng
5 get throughfar too muchchocoate I m tryng
fo reduce
theamountleatl
the sentences
belowsothat they
4 Complete
aretrue for you.Thencompareyour ideaswith
a partnet,
1 lcouldn'tgo thfoughwth . . because
2 | haveto putupwth ...because
3 T h ea s ttim e r an o u tof...was
4 realy wantto get roundto . . because

Use of English 1: word formation

(Part3)
1
lmagineyou are goingto applyfor a job.
Whichtwo of the followin9would be most
importantin yourCVor letterof application?
detalsof yourexperence
andq!alfcatons
quait es
your
personal
examples
of
nformaton
aboutwhenyoucoud stafi
a Jst of yourfree-time
activit
esandhobbes
to bepard
an ndcaton of howmuchyouexpect
. clearayoutandaccurate
languaqe
2 Readthe title and the texl quickly.Does
lncludethe two thingsyou chose?
2 Readthe text again. Usethe word given in
capitalsbelow the text to form a word that fits in
the numberedgap. There is an exampleat the
beginning(0).

l J Wl a t k e e p su s 9 o n 9

HOW T O M AKEA GOOD

INIT IALIM PRESSION
lf youte job-huntinS
in Britain,itt
Q, eg2e1tJ?!@ know th conventionsfor
writinga goodCurriculumVitae
(CV).Thhk
usuallya sheetof paperon whichyou list your
personaldetails,
(l) . ..
llany
andexperience.
employers
requsta CV rathrthanissuinga
standard(2) .. .
. form whentheyar looking
posts.TheCV can,howevialso
rc nll (3)
be usefulifyou want ro write to employersletting
rhemknowthar yout available
shoulda suitabl
(a) .... ...arbe.(5)... .. andsimplicity
are
rhe keyfeaturesof a good CV
Emplolersmayhaveto look .hrou8hhundredsof
rhmwhentheyare on a (6) . ... .... driv,and
anytharare overlongor havea poor layoutare
likelyro be discardedimmediirely,(7) . ... .. of
the content.ltis important,therefore,to make
yo!r CV look asbusiness-like
aspossible.lc!
(8).. ....... to useSood-qualky,
plainpaper
havy,
anda clearbold typefacein blackink.Information
shouldbe presented
in rheform of concise
poisiblyarranSed
sentences,
inro bulletpoints
(9)
under
.. .. ...... Anotherimportant
considration
is (10)........
.....,as
nobodyis likel/
spelling
or
to be impressed
by CVscontaining
punctuation
errors.Somakesureyou checkit

O ESSENCE
l QUALIFY
2 APPLY
3 SPECIFY
4 VACANT
5 CLEAR

6 RECRUIT
7 RESPECT
8 ADVISE
9 HEAD
1OACCURATE

3 Makea noteof the advicegivenin the text

aboutcvs. f you werea boss,whichpieceof
advicewouldyou think isthe mostimportant?
Why?Whatdoesit tell you aboutthe applicant?

93

li\IT

What keepsui 90 ng

Examfocus
Paper1 Reading:gappedtext
(Part2)
About the exam: In Paper1, Part 2, you w 1l
read a text from which six paragraphshave
been removedand placedin jumbled order
after the text. You must decidefrom where
in the text the paragraphshave been
removed.Only one antwer is correctin each
caseand there is one extra paragraphwhich
do", 1irl ''l i. dny ol l1e gdps Tre te/ts r
this part w ll either tell a story,or present
an argumentin logicalsteps.
Suggested procedure
Rcddthe bd'P tP\t r\roLg\ g_o i19 t_"
oplio,l\ A-C for the noner r Mo<l oJ _1p
informationyou need to {ollow the story
or argument i9 in the bagetext As you
read,pay attentionto the inforrnaton
and ideasbefore and after eachgap
startto think about what might be
rnissingUnderlineany words and
expres5ions
that make direct refernceto
what hasgone before,e.g. sa,next, it,
ti)ough, etc.
ReadparaqraphsA G to get a genera
idea o+their content.A9aln, under ine
any words and expressions
thai make
direrI rpferen.ero wl-dl \" 9o'leb^'or.
Go through the basetext agaln.Stop at
eachgap and checkwhether eachoption
A G fits t or not. Look for vocabulary
and grammarlinks.l{ you think you've
found the key,double checka lthe
references,
before and after the gap. lf
you can't decidebetweentwo
paragraphs,write both lettersand come
backto t later.
When you'vefinished,read the who e
text with your answe15
ln place.Does t
make sense?Doublecheckany po nts
where the senseof the narrativeor line
o{ argumentdoesn'tfeel quite right.
Remember,
there ls one option whlch
does not fit any gap.

1 Youare goingto reada magazine

article.Sixparagraphs
havebeenremoved
from the extract.Choosefrom the
paragraphs
A-G the onewhichfits eachgap
(l-6). Thereisone extraparagraph
which
you do not needto use.
94

Pr e e lhNa
i irte lr sr ' testo r yo ' h ow she
brokeintothe worldof publishing
with
the helpof herpublicist,Prulvlenon
ll allbegan
about
liveyears
ago.AtthatpontI'dnver
evenheard
ol Pru[4enon,
nor
and hadanybody
ese.Fruslrated
wlh lifein
general
andlvithmylobasa manaoernert
I started
consltant,
M inga storyonmytrainjolmeyto theoffce.lt wasabout
a
young
woman
whowanted
tolollowherdTeams
blt ddn'ldareto.
Then,
n oneofthosensane
moments
when
tlrmouth
engages
wilhoulinvolving
lhebrainltod mybosslwasresign
rg andwhy.
'Tolinish
a novel?
sheasked
wthdisbelel.

onceil wascornplete
enthlsastically
sentollrnymauuscipt
to
.1ag11qlle oar/ rel l o oesigrr g copes
va'oLs
oubrsfers
oi mybestse
lerforadmkngfansThencarnethelkst of many
you'etters.
'thanks,
n0lhank
bLt
Bengfejected
leltal^rlul.
So,n
a momenl
madfess
olsheer
ldecded
tospnd
a mysavngson
selt-publishing
mybook.ld comelhs iar lv/anted
to set
mr0ugn.

[rlymaindiscovery
wasthatpinting
lhebook
wasn
t thebiggest
problemt
lhepublicity
would
belhehardesl
thngto arrange
Id
get
need
a pLbicsiwhoknew
thebusiness
to rnebookreviews
andpress
'dneverslcceed.
coverage
othenvise
&ttldidf'thave
anybldget.lt
seemed
lkeyetafother
setback.

SoI installed
trvophone
linesn myspare
bedroom
andcreated
a
competent
exlrovefi
ateregobyihenarne
of PruX,lenon.
So
nervous
thatmyhafdsweTe
shakingmade
rnyfirstcall
Assoon
as'fe ior'r . a_iFrednv voice'dke'pd
ard.sptsilg|,
anqsl
andnexperence
shepractically
hlngLponthespot had
myheadinmyhards\4/hal
had been
thliking?
Butthen
lthoLght
about
themofevsiood
to ose

LNIT a

What keeps!s going

I thoughl
to doit - afterall,
about
askfqa lrlend
jolrnalists
phone
coudn't
really
andsay'H. m
must
read
PreelhiNair
aid have
afantastic
bookyou
... its byPreethi
NarLButit wasa ot lo askof a
f end.ThensLddeny
I gottheideaof doing
thelob
myself.
ld havelo change
mynameandbemlch
more
mylsuashypersona
confident
andpushythan
l4ork.
bulil could
passed,
and
lwas amazed
at howconfidenl
Astheweeks
professona
n roleasmypushy
alier'ego.
Shewas
I became
to be.WhlePtusecured
lhe woman'd always
wanled
nlerviell]s,
I wasblsydoing
themf people
sadwesoLrnded
'Thats whalhappens
when
rcadyr
aike I d havea comeback
yo!worksocloselY
withsomeone.'

lvy nextogstcaheadache
wasmaking
surcthereweae
bookstore
copes
ofthebook
intlreshopshadl0g0t0every
i London
andpeadwithtlrem
tostock
thetitle.Bythisstage,
toomuch.
thestTess
ofit alwasgetting
6

tsulddn'toeta dealwth
a bigplblsher,
butwhen
llhought
abouta theworkI d done,1knewI hadlo keeptryirg.Being
PrLrhadmademe stionger
I waysI couldneverhave
What's
more,
rny
magined
andI d eamtiocopewithrejection.
second
novepoured
olt of meinsx weeks
andwassoldas
partof a three-book
in
deato a publisher
Pruis finally
you
lhaldreams
docome
trueil
retiremeft,
butI sti rnaintain
reay make
themhappen.

quilehowmuch stood
I didn'llellanyone
to lose,
lhough,
because
dldn't
wantlrlends
orlamy sayfg
il wasa crazydea.Inslead,
todveryone
l'dfound
lreelance
work,
Teseatch
intohow
some
andddsorne
plbishifgrealyworked.
Nobody
andI wasrelived
Butaftera
saidanything
get
herhardwork,
I realsed
thatmypubcistshould
some
recognlon.
Thaiking
her,howver
woudonly
havedGwnattenlon
to the lacl thatmy pushy
publicist
wasactualy
me- shewasmyalleaego.
So somehowrnadeI through
eventhetrcklest
silualions.And
havng
a reasonable
amountof
secured
press
coveraqe,
tholghlihereslwolldbeeaset
Then
arrved
fiomlheprnters,
thefi6lboNes
ofbooks
waiting
l0r
allwithpage179mssngWlh thpress
revlew
nights
copes,
I hadto spend
daysand
0l!i0
pages
lhe
n mysell.
Thefe
wasa pausen whch I coudhaveretracted
whall'd
n
said.
Blt didnt'daways
seeihandrg
mynolice
I hadihs naive
ioiion
asthehardest
step.
l'd
lhattherestwouldfolo\4efforlessly,
because
qute
as
laken
a eapol lath.Blt I wasf't assirnp
that
iriends
mysecret.
I needed
SoI lod hi/oclose
aboul
themlo stand
inlormeasdrectors
ofrnyplblshng
io launch
the
andPRcompany
at theeventI planned
people
book.
ll wasa greal
success,
andwhen
asked
Iorrnypublcist,
theyweretoldtl'ratshehadgone
down
with'i u.
To prevenl
lhis happeninq
again, pannedout
everything
a confident
extrovert
woud say,tookadeep
brealh
andstarled
again
Afterabolt20phofecalls
to medapeople
as
Ootinlomystrde- chatting
years
though
l'd known
themfor
- andearntio be
unfazed
byreleclon.
2 Do you havea dreamjob?Howfar would
you be preparedto go to get somethrngyou
reallywanted?
95

tr\i'r' fi Urhd keepsu5Son9

Useof English2: multiple-choice

cloze
(Part'l)

1 Discuss
thesequestions.
1 Whatdoyouth nk makes
a jobenloyable?
2 Arethereanyjobsyouwoudnt I keto do?Why?
3 Wo! d you iketo runyourown business?
Why?nryhy
not?

Do you thinka teenagercouldrun his/herown airline?

Why?A/Vhy
not?Whatproblem<
mightd teenage
entrepreneur
face?

TEEN A G E A I RLI NE BOS S

Mrni'r Hahread
isr younscntrcpreneur.lrn minutc.Mani! Nas len wnh no
({l) 6.... knowi lbr ha!i!8 manrged (E)
bul ro thilrl .g.ii.
to ldun.hhis own rirliic
rhc agcot
Bul hc \vr\ ior b bc (9)
cighrccn.Marrii h.d sbncd his llrst li Nolcmbcr2Lr05.lcrclaurchcdrhe
bus nc s s( 1) . .
, ,n a k b g l i g h r coDpaDl.lhir rimc pirnnlng tlighrs
smulrloA Jor !sc i'l pil(n lraiiirS. ircm rlc lslc ol Mln r() Edinburgh.
r\
whilc hc wrs s1ill r lltlccr-ycrF iiAr flighrdcpdcd on Novcmbd?rh,
old schoolboy.
md \c!cnrccnhe lcli caryiis inlncd suensud lrcdiain rr
schoolb (2) .
.. as I pilor. lr lncrali Muninhrd lclscdtiomanothci
wrs whilll o. thc cou.\c thtll Mdrrin conlrnt. (10) .
thc lirlint
rc.liscd rhar (3)
oi lusr slspended
olrtuln)ls in hrurry 2{)i16.
bc in3 r pilor . h e ' d l i k c ro ru n ri
AlphaoncAiru'.ys hdd c.ried snnc
ri iic busincss,
andsolrc(4)
loay lirc prlnrg pr$eng.A on rhe
trp wnh thc idci ior AlphloDc rourc..nd Mdnin hld (ll)
hn dre.nr.lr Nas pcrbapshis naivety
Mtu1ir (5)
.. .. phDDcdro tty and yourhnnr .lloNed hinr t,, ilnore
bet*eenOxlbrd rDd CaDbridge,and llc p.oblenrs rnd barjcB rhxt
lhcrc was considerablc public soned.c oldcr nray hrle seenas r
(6) ,
in thc idcr. Bur when d brick arll (12)
in the way ol
big inle\tor (7) .
dur al thc

3 Now readthe text more.arefullyand decidewhich

answer(A, B,C or D) bestfits eachgap.Thereis an example
at the beginning(0).
A best
A task
A study
A nstead
A thought
A ar q ely
A interest
A held
Awa y
A sentback
A Alhough
A reached
A bockng

B greate(
B venture
B earn
B alternative
B dreamt
B ntialy
B attenton
B caled
B option
B caughtout
B Despte
B completed
B standing

C most
D
C endeavour D
C train
D
C prelerence D
C hit
D
C p.in-rariy D
C support
D
C checked D
C chance
D
C put off
D
C However D
C obtained D
C stopping D

Grammar 1: d irectand
reportedspeech
1

Readthe text quicklyto seeif you wereri9ht.

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

4 What kindof business

enterprjse!
do you thinkteenagers
rnightbe mostsuccessful
at?Why?
. running
a website
. b e n g a Dl
. operating
a market
staI
. organrs
n9sports
coacn
ng

widest
affar
prepare
rather
came
prncipally
attracton
puled
coLrrse
turneddown
Nonethe
ess
fulflled
lmpednq

1 Readthe title of the text below.

. Whatwasthe prze gven for?
Who do you th nk m ght haveg ven
h m the prize?
Readthe whole text to 5eei{
you were ngnl.

Prfue for boss who

told staffi Spend less
time at work
lanEarnard,
a 36-yeaFold
whoworks
loraLondon
financiallirrn,
wasdeclared
the country's
bestemployer
by the
chaity'Parents
At Work'.Thereason
maybesurprising.1!lr
Barnard
explained
whathappened:
'Having
kidsmademe
realise
thereis moreto lifethanwork-|
alsorealised
that my staffwouldbe
happier
it theycouldseetheirchildren
more.'
I\rr Barnard
arranged
ior his statfto
worklor onlyninedaysa fortnight,
on
flexible
hours.
Hesaid:'When
westarted
giving
people
a dayofievery
twoweek
theyfelt
uneasy
about
ii atfirst,butthey
s00n startedt0 appreciate
it.' He
explained
hisphilosophy
veryclearly
by
saying'l alwayssaythat il stafi are
happy,
theywo* better,
aremoreloyal
andlesslikelyto leavetile company.
Another
benefitis that the officeis
aclualy open longerthan before
because
offlexible
working
hours.'

t \l f li

1 Answerthe following questionsusingreported

speech,
queston h s own att tude
I Why did [/]r Barnard
towardsong hoursat workT
He saidthat .
2 Whatd d he th nk abouthis5iaffsatiltudeto work?
He fea sed that
What
3
d d he sayabout the staffs reacton beforehe
introduced
the scheme?
He sardthat .
,1 What does he alwayssayabout staff attitLrde1o
work?
He a wayssaysthat ..
; Whatdid he sayaboutthe time the off ce was open?
He sad that .
2 ln which sentence(s)
above:
I doesthe moda verbnot needto change?
,

. l^o.

th.

r.fh

r..c.

.^i

n a ./l

r ^ r h ) n .a t

(backsh
J couldtheverbtensechange
ft)?
Explain
why.Lookat the Grammarreference
i{
necessary.
Thencomplete
the rules.
:il Modaverbssucha5
and
do not
always
change
ther formwhenthe rcpoftngverbs
n the
tense
D)Whenthesequence
ot events
is
, t rsnot
necessary
to backshift
from pzn to pastperfect
:) Whenthe reporting
verbs n the
, presenl
periect
or future,t s notnecessary
to change
the
lense
p.194(5)
Grammarreference
3
1 Readthe restof the text.Whatdid Sarah
actuallysay(1 4)? Tella partner
SarahJackson,chief executive
oi
(1)expla
Parents
Ai Work,
nedthaishe
had awarded
the prizethe previous
monthfor the example
lan'sioMard
(2) She
ihinking
hadgivento others.
believes
manypeople
wantto break
oui
of the lono-hours
culture.(3) She
acceptedthat lan's companyhad
benefited
{rcmhigherproductivity
and
greater flexibility.(4) She also
emphasised
that lowerstaffiumover
should help to convlnceotirorganisations
that ths was the r.al

What keepsu5go n9

2 Complete
the rules.
a) Whensomethlno
s a waystrue,thetenseof the
verb
cnange.
b) Reportng verbsihat express
the mportance
of
an acton areoftef fo owedby the moda
Watch Out! say and tell
Whch sentence
iscorrect
in eachpar?
I a) shetoldmeto ta k to theboss.
b) sheto d thatI sho!d talkto the boss
2 a) Shesad thatI shoud talkto the boss
b) She5aidmeto ta k to theboss.

4 Completethe sentences
usingthe corred
form of 5ay or te//.
I a)lame9
rnethatyou werework nq n
London
b) t waslameswho
that youwere
workng n London
2 a) Natry

goodbyeto sueandwa kedout

b) H:rry
Suethat he was eavingand
walkedout of the roofir.
...'.
ts"^_.,t.the
'".-.
rnssted
b)
thatJues shoudn't qo to the pafty,
but he insisted
4 a) )
to Caro that it wasthe rightth ng
ior h m to havedone
b)
Carloihat t was ihe r ght th ng for
him to havedone.
5 Work with a partner Taketurns to say
eachor the reportedsentences
below JSirg
directspeech.Discu5s
whether you think you
a'e co"ect o'not, and wrire down a version
you think s correct-Then listento check.
1 He sad that he hadbeenwrongto get angry
2 shesad that shehadearnedmorethan ever
the prevousyear
3 she sad that she had nevermet h m before.
H s fatherLrrged
M chae to thinkaboutwhat he
wasdo nq.
Shepromisedthat shewou d work harderthe
iolow ng week.
He sad he beievedthat overa pedormance
wou d improvei taeygavebonuses
to the r

t:NlT tt Whatkeepsus90 ng

6
talkingabouthow
m
* I Listento someone
theystartedtheir(areer.Thenwrite a
briefsummaryof what wassaid,using
reported5peech.Compareyour version
with anotherstudent.Aretheythe same?
2 Write your own short descriptionof your
idealjob.Thenreadit to your partnet
of what
Theyshouldwrite a summary
you havesaid.Thenchecktheirversion
with your own notes.

Listening 2: multiplechoice
(Part3)
1 How would you feel if Youwere
o{fereda part in a TV soaP?
and
What couldbe the advantages
of the jobl
disadvantages

3.
'l Lookat the questionsin Exercise
Highlightthe verbs,nounsand adjectives
that seemmost importantin eachoption.
in the questaons
2 F;ndwordsor phrases
that meanthe samea5l
I findingthe moneyto do something
becalsepeoplepraiseyou
2 feelingpleased
you'vealwayswantedto do
3 somethlng
4 got usedto doingsomethLng
arguments
5 having
6 told peoplesomethinq
7 beunrellable
8 got worred

ti

3 Youwill hearan interviewwith Amy

Kyme,a formersoapStarwho now worksin
the HealthService.Choosethe answer(A, B,
C or D) which fits bestaccordingto what
you heat
'| Amyaccepted
the part n the soapbecause
workingon
A oneof herfriendswasalready
programme.
tl're
B shesawlt asa wayof f nancingher
furthertraining.
c shefelt flaiteredto thinkthat shehad
beenchosen,
ambition
D it meantshecouldfulfila lifelong
to act.

2 OnceshehadsettLednto worklngon the programme,

Amyfoundthat
A shekeptfalinqoutwithhercoleagues.
assoc
atedwith it d dn't sulther'
B the lifestyle
c actingwasmored lf cultthanshehadlmaqined.
D shewasn'tleftwith enoughtimefor enioyingherset
3 WhatpromptedAmyto leaveheriob?
A something
5hewaslold to do
B increaslng
feelngs
of homesickness
c an aspectof the p ot o'fth programm
D thefa.t thatshewat putti'gon weight
herdecision
to leave,Amy
4 Aftersheannounced
people
down
A felt guiltyaboutletting
B startedto havesecondthoughtsaboutit.
anxiousabolt herflnanciacommitments
C became
herfamly that lt wasthe rightth n9
D hadto convince
home?
5 WhydidAmytakea job in anoldpeoples
work.
A Shewaslookingfor lesstir ng
B Sheneededto do workof somek nd.
for others.
C shewantedto'feelresponsible
D Shethoughtt wouldbe usefulfor hercareet
6 In hernewwofk,Amy
a celebrty
reqreisthat she'sno Longer
A sometimes
herTVwork
that peope remember
B is pleased
thatshehadmoTee suretime.
C wishes
D Jeelsgreaterlob satisfaction.
4 Do you thinkthat Amy madethe rightdecision?
5 Whai sort of persondoesAmy seemto be?
Chooseihree wordsfrom the list.
thoughtful frivolous jndecsive conscLentious
sociable laid-back realstic sensitive

t \IT

Wh a t k e e p su 5g o n g

Grammar 2: reportingwords
1 Matchsentences
1 11to the appropriate
reportedstatement,questionor order a-k below
Highlightthe wordsor phrases
that helpedyou
choose
the appropriate
staternent,
then complete
the restof the sentence.

!:,

Speaking: comparing(Part2)
1
1 Workwith a partnerThinkof the advantages
and disadvantages
of workingin these
differentenvironments,
andwhat mightmake
peoplewantto work there.
smaI shop garage hospital theatre
5Ports
centre open'plan
offce
2 Compare
two of the placesby linkingyour
ideasusingwordsJromthe box.
y wh lst
whefeas converse

though

2 Lookat the photographs

of peopleworking
in differentplaces
on page185.Compare
two of
the photographs
and saywhatthe advantages
and disadvantages
of workingin eachplace
mightbe,and whichmightbe the easiest
to
work in,
3 Discuss
thesequestionsI Doyouth nk thatpeope workharder
or lesshard
nowthanin yourgrandparents'
day?
2 Doyouth nk that peope vlorktoo ml.rch
of too
tt e nowadays?
I Howmucht medoyouth nk peope shoud spend
at work?Why?

Example:
'l'vemadeup mym nd 'm golngto finlshthe
reporttomorrow.
Hedecidedto finishthe repotr lbe next44y
1 'Fnshthereportrght nowl'
2 ' thinkyoushoud finshthereportotherwse
yoLr'lm ssthedeadine.
3 'Yes,t wasme- lmadethemistake
wth the
report.
4 'Dont forget1ofinishthatreportassoonas
5 'Youhaveto finishthe report,because
the boss
needs
theInformat
on.'
rh
6 o la ' o ' . s h(ie re p o rr
" ' " r_ o o n
'You
7
don'thaveto finishthereportbecause
Sue
hasalready
donet'
8 '' certainly
finshihe reportbytornorrow
mo rn in g . '
9 'WeLdone- you'vefin shedthe reportrea y
qu c( y.
l0 'YoLr're
nght- haveto finishthe reporttoday.
l1 ' realy don'twantto haveto f nishthereport
today- il! juslnotfa r '
a) Hecongratulated
meon f n shnqthereport..
b) Heordered
meto f nishtherepoft...
c) He ntended
to finishthereport...
d) Headmttedmakngthe rnstake...
e) Heexpa nedthat I hadto f n shthe report.
1) Headvsedmeto finishthereport..
g) Heremndedmeto finishthereport
h) Heagreed
to finishthereport..
i) Heconfrmedthat didn'thaveto finishthe
repon...
j) Hepromised
to f n sh the report
k) Hecomplarned
about..

uNlT 8 Whatkeepsus9onq

2 We can report what someonesaysby using:

. verb+ infintive(wth or withoutan object)
. verb+ lng,(withor withoulan object)
. verb+ preposition
+ -mg
. verb+ object+ prepostion+ -lng
1 into the
Putthe reportingwordsfrom Exercise
correctcolumnac(ordingto the way they are
used.Then add the wordsfrom the box below to
the preposition
the correctcolumn,including
whereappropriate.
announce command remark claim
offer refuse apologlse propose ask'
threaten nvite accuse thank su9gesa

verb+

Verb+ object
+ preposition
+ 4ng

inJinitive

Verb+
preposition
+ -ing

(on)

3 Choosethe correctaltemativein eachof

thesesentences.
Then rewritethe sentenceso
that the other verb would be possible.
1 Shepromised
I annourcedto attendthe meetng.
2 Heexpected
/ insisted
to receive
the invoce before
he paidfor the goods.
to acceptthe
3 Themanager
agreed/ conflrmed
policydecision.
4 Shedemanded/ arderedh m to arriveon t me
ro ta.e a s'rall
5 Theemployeer
offered/ suggerled
paycut.
me on
6 Themanagerthanked/ congratulated
changing
the workethicin the off ce.
4
1 Workwith a panner.Matchthe following
senten(esto one of the reportingwordsfrom
the box below.Thereare two you will not
needto use.
thank confirm advise congratulate
complain announce apologise remnd
refuse ask iF{itExample:
Wouldyou liketo comeandstaywlth me next
week,Carlos?
SheinvitedCatlosta staywith her the follawing

Verb+
obje.t +
infinitive

Verb+ thaf

Verb+
-i tg

4 l'm definitely
not goingto do the trainingcourse
nexl year.
5 Thefood in the canteenisterrlbel
6 Michael,p easehep mewriteth s proposaI can'tdo it.
knowthat the managing
7 Thisisto let all employees
wi'lleave
drrector
rqeconpa_y^axrweek.
8 l'm sorrythat I waslate- therewasa problem
with the train.

Watch Outl suggett +

is not possble?
Wh ch sentence
,\ r'16 (

^^a(ia.l

d^i^n

1 Please
don'tforgetto sendthat emaI today
2 lf I wereyou,I wouldresignmmedatey.
3 Welldonefor gettingprcmoted- that! wonderfLrl

b) Hesuggested
that theyshouldgo outc) Hesuggested
usto 9o out.

197(1s)

to each
2 Taketurns to report your sentences
otheru5ingthe reportingword you have
cnosen,

L\IT a

Whatkeeps!s goin!

Writing: proposal(Part1)
I In Paper2, Part1,you maybe asked
to write a proposal.
Youwlll be givena
taskand someinput,but you mayhaveto
add someideasof yourown.
Lookat the two outlineplansbelow
Whichone isthe planfor a report,and
whichone isthe planfor a proposal?

Reaon for writins

Backsround infornatia

Readthe fo lowingtask.
Yourclassisgoingto writea proposal
for the ideal
workplace
oJthe future,Readthe comments
from a
surveyon the 5ubjectandthe description
of a
popularworkplace
from the Internet.Thenwrite
yourproposal,
identifying
the mainissues
that
shouldbe considered
and proposing
the ideal
workplace
of the future,with reasons.
Writeyourproposalin 180-220
words.

Sussestionsor i&as
R.ao.s

why tlcy shoulJ 5e aJ

Rea36 for uxlnng

backg.drd 1n+ord'tl6/Oqnine o+
ajaaeff 3it\Jand1
ReoorMi,andu+bn5 baied or\ corrent

i c^'t1'l s1^id $lartJtT *e^r

ol l^er peapl.e- sa sbul" t^!

Il'E h""/ to aork with noie it E especiallj bad oith thz plrre.

sunmar3
I
r \e.\ jbou\
l!vrr.\
'n -c.
l!ri(a,- \Ur,ch , \ !1 stec,'[\c

Which of the following statementsare

usuallytrue of a proposa?
1 s wrtten n nforma anguage
t nc udessugqegl
onsand
Tecommenoar
ons.
t nc udesdirectspeech
t mayuseheadngsor b! e1po ntsrl
approprale
t usesa ot of nk ng wordsto promole
clarty.
t proposes
a new ideaandtres io cerrlade
the readerof its va ue
t usesa rangeot colo!riu ar!-aca
2 What is the differencebetweena report
and a proposal?Comp ete the fo or/ ng
sentences,
A ... . . ooksto the {u:-TEI . _: ::::: :
plansfor a pad cu ar s t!a: a'
A
.. . makessevefaleaa-----:. --:
basedon a currentexist.q : .-". r-

\.

t k^l P-t he dea ol wo*l t

+',eedla be pusLted)la +eel trtu
part al a busg c|hce.

r:"rliiiri:i,r,:'l
, irjir,irii:!:!:
:+Si.!*IitsidE{1, l::]'ijt:;iii:'riri,:rr;i:!r'
loPona"r
--!-r9
The workingspace is light and bight, w th a large table n
ihe centre,and other smaler wofk ng areas wilh ndivldual
desks. There are displayswith the latest newspaperc,
magazins,directoriesand referencebooks.Tea,coffee
and water are available.The environments quiet:mob le
phonesmusi be on v brate,and personalconvercaions
must happenoutside
\
r*r"",

!s soing
tjNIT a WhatkePs

2 Readthe Proposal,whichwas
written in answerto the task.
:'/tr Lookagainat the taskin
3. ln which Part of the
Exercise
proposalhasthe writer included:
. comments
fromthe survey
. research
fromthe Internet
Why is this?

1 Readthe Proposalagain Find

that mean
{ormal expressions
the sameastheseinformal
from the commen$
expressions
in the survey
1 cant stand
bad
2 especially
be
3 I needto Pushed
4 soshutIn
about.
5 l'mworried
2 ldentifythe modalverbthat is usedmostoften in the ProPosal'
In what Part of the Proposalit it
used?WhYisthis?
!6 ln a Part 1 task Youshould
choosethe informationYouuse
and you canexpand
appropriately,
the informationwith ideasof Your
own if you wish.Thewriter has
saidthere are four key features,
but hasomitted one. ComPlete
the proposal,addingthe key
featureomitted from the inPut
YoucanuseuPto 20
intormation.
Then
comPare
words.
Youridea
a
with Partner.
::ltl Now write Yourown answer
Tor
to the task.Ask your classmates
as
the
these
use
and
ideas,
some
resultsof the survey.Rememberto
checkyourwritingusingYour
checklist.
', ts Writing reference P9-199'2o7

ltairy' peop/e h&ve Prob/en5 vJtA lhe)r v'tarkPlqce

$le vJere esked la vtr'te & PraPos1J lar an 'tde4l
workptace lhal dauld addrees lhes?- b3ue5 we
uaderlook resea-rch lhraush & 3!NeL/ 1'id rese4rch
on lhe thternet
il&ck3raun./ ;n{arn&1):cn
ll ;5 ctear lhal nany PeoPle .J)'lil<e haite'
in & +liel environnehl, t'there
pre{err;n3 to tlo
;l'5 ;nPo35;bte la heb alher5 sPealiB -The Phahe
b e pLr+icular btue here alhers lile lo leel
lhet !he./ are Parl of & letu, 4/d heed PeoPle
atuuhd lhen lo na;nlan the'r nalv&tlah Sake
d;itike tnIJt o{f;cee, f;nc./'t',3 lhen c|&otfroPhabic
Eve^y'one nu3l feel co,rfarl&ble, and hot h&ve
i95ue5 such a5 neLl bre&kt
cotu:ern,
^rer
Suggesl;cn5 lor lhe ,dc&l warkPl1.ce of lhe
1Ae ;cleLl workPtate shou/d A&ve laur keq
. l! 3h&t.l be /Oh! ahd a)rty''ad h^ve sPace
belween deskc 5o lhLl PeoPle feel coI+arl1'ble
. 'rhere 5ho0/d be LrrPte oPParluhlty' far PeaPle ta
r,a/e arouk.d, Lhd lo h&ve drikls ahd foad al
atr' l;,re - na1 anlq ih desqneled lonch atd
cof{ee brea.ks
. 'lhere shautd be Q 3eh5e ol lean cp;r'l so lhal
no one ;s denol'va-ted

worl<Ptace i5 hol aL {I-t)lLtt/ - )f

/,ke lhe3e Lre fa//at^)ed lhraugh
reconne'daJiohs
-the ide&l

il Cau becone reaJ;lty'

: i:

UNIT
T'
1 Completethe 5econdsentenceso that jt has
a similarmeaningto the firstsentence,
usingthe
word 9iven.Do not changethe word given.You
mustusebetweenthreeandsixwords,including
the word given.

They d\lFd Geo ge to idle

1 Therearemanythingsto thlnkaboutbefore
acceptng a job offer.TAKEN
There
aremanythingsthatshould
consrderation
before
acceptng a job offer.

Thisbagcomesfromthe company's
m d-priced
of accessories.
Themountarn
.......... in Tibet s oneof the most
familiar
images
in thenatural
word
Thereis a wide .. .
of foodavaiablein
restaurants
In London.

2 lts a wasteof timeattendinga lob lnterviewunless

you realy wantthejob. POINT
There........................
........
.....
a job interviewunless
job.
youreay wantthe
3 ' 'm afraidthat I didn'tdo verywell in my
intervew'sad M ke. ADMTTTED
N/lke .............................goneverywel.
4 Thecarparkisonlyto be usedby members
of
staff. EXCLUSTVE
Thecarparkisfor ... ........
......
.........
.......
.....
members
of staff.
5 'Fiona,I thinkyou'vebeenleavn9 workearly,
haven'tyou?'sad heremployer.
AccUslD
Fiona's
......workearly.
employer
6 A clearandconche
CVisa mustif you'reapplying
for a job in London.ESSENT|AL
lf you'reapplying
for a job ln London,
it
......wh ch ls bothclearand
concise.
payer,Brenda,'
7 "rf sorrythat brokeyolrmp3
saidTrevor.APoLoGISED
TrevoT
.......
.......
........
.......
....... mp3player
8 Flavia
regretted
not goingto the concert.wtsHED
Flavia........................ .. the concert.
2 Thinkof oneword onlywhichcanbe used
appropriately
in all threesenten(es.
I Theofficestaffcouldn'tget the new printerto
. ......
....propery.
llnfortunately,
T m! deafor a newofficelayout
didn't....
........out in theend.
Clarehadto ..........
.. towardsa solutionto the
probem overseveral
months.

.... ......o_ -Le p o e, ..

Thereis a small.. .......for usingthe swimmlng

poo.
Melaniewasput n . .... .. of orderingstatlonery
for the wholeoffice.

Underthe new law cigarettes

canony be
advertised
at the . ........of sae.
Please,
hurryup andget to the . ......
.....- I'm
leavingin fiveminutes!
Itl olten hardto gaasp
the ........
.......
Benstry ng to
make- he neverthinksbeforehe speaks
I wasat a .......
........
to knowwhatto saywhenshe
told methe badnews.
Thecompany
madea huge........ ..of over$10
millionlastyear.
Alier the accident,
Grahamsuffered
froma
Iemporary
............ol memory.
Thebosssetan upper............for the amountof
overtime
anyonecoulddo in a week.
We haveno extramoney- our finances
are
stretched
to the .. ........
.....
.
There's
no ..........ro whatyo, ca- ach'everr you
reallytry!
3 Mat(h the senten(esto reportingverbsfrom
the box.Thereare two wordsyou don't needto
use.
admit deny advise pe6lade
agree apologrse a<clse

reluse

1'ltwasn't mewho upsettheoffcemanagerl'

2 'lf I wereyou,l'd say wassorry.'
f 'Youweretold to writethat customer
a forma
apology,
but you didn'tdo lt, d d you?'
4 'l thinkit mayhavebeenmyfaut thai the
document
waslost.'
5 'Thankyou,but l'm afraidI haven'tgot t mefor a
coffeeat the rnoment.'
6 'lthink you'veqot a pointaboutlhat etter.l'll
rewriteit.'

103

-\rtJ

Speaking1: choosing
an image
(Parts3 and 4)
I Work with a partner.TelLhim/herabo!t
somethingwhich hasinspiredyou and why. lt
, oJld bF pe 5o'r,dn evert, d p'e(e o' n-s (, d
"
book, etc.What do you think makessomethlng
inspirational?
2

Do this speakingtask with a partner

'd lle

)oL .o 'r"q re lh"l " . ol"g.

-n I g .
photograph
c cornpettion.
Thecolegewantsto
f nd the bestinspirat
ona maqeto useon a poster
wh ch wi be put up aroufdthe co legebu idings
Thecolegewantsthe posterto promole
nternational
understand
nq. Herearesomeol the
photographs
that havebeensubmtted.
Talkto eachother and decidewhich image
should be chosenand why.

104

Discr.rgs
thesequestions.

I \'1,ih:r:
a-: i:s makea personan nspraton to
2 \'i/h;:a:_ ,.E e:rn lrom nternatonnltrave?
, d "d."n "9. .
.1 5"o- . .:--l leop e be encouraged
to tfave?

lr\rT 9

Grammar 1: reviewof
narratlvetenses

Why did I do it?

I Choose
the correctalternative
in each
of thesesentences.
Thenmatchthemto the
staternentsa-i about useof tenses.
' \ou sit/ aresitting n myseat coud you
move,please?
2 9'e,\/e h ta ut I hd\ gar eou l J i L o -l

p o a l i -9 .

andsheneversaw/ hasreyerseenhimagain.
3 Hetravelled
/ wastrayel/ing
throughGreece
whenhe methisfuturewife.
4 Thetrainhada/ready
left/ hasaheadyle{1
Switzerland
whenthe snowstarted.
t l'vefinished
/ 'd finishedmy hornework
- can
we 9o out now?
6 Sheread/ 3 readthe gu debookon Brazi ast
weekbecause
she'sso keento go there
1 n visiting
/ vlsitny fr end n Brazinextweek.
8 I'vebeenstaying/ 'vestayedn thisresortfor
two weeks,
andits greatl
9 She'danlylived/ 'd been/lylngin the cty for
a weekwhensheostherpassport.
Weuse:
a) thepastcontrnuous
to saythatsomething
was n pTogfess
at a partculartimeor event.
b) the pastperfectto shoM/
that somethrng
h : ^ nana.l h Ff^ ra (^ mo lhi . ^

a (a

c) thepresent
contnuoustor temporary
actions
andsituations
thatarecurrently
in progress.
d) the pasts mplewth expressions
that referto
pe,odo u're.e.g )esl-rdo).
.,o- plAted
tn
1999.
e) the presentperfectto indcatethat a finjshed
acton or eventis relatedto the present.
f) the present
continuous
for future
arran9ements.
g) thepa5ts mpe to talkaboutthepastlufLess
thereisa reasonto Lrse
a d fferenttense)
perfect
h)thepresent
contnuousLrged
{orar
unfinished
actioncontinrr
n9 ntothepresent
to shou,lhat one
) the pastperfectcontinuous
ongeventhappened
before
anoti.ern the
past.
2 Complete
the textwith the corred{orm
of the verbsin brackets
- presentcontinuous,
pastsimple,pastcontinuous,
presentperfed,
presentperfectcontlnuous,pastper{ector
nr<+ nAr{A.t

.^nrin'

'^' '(

p.197(16)
ir. Grammarreference

Onthe road

(l) . ......
(bp(ome)apopular
volcanoes
Climbing
...............
........
pastime
tourist
in recntyear9,
asil offe6 a tempting
combination
ot physical
xertonandpersonal
danger
I havealways
wanted1otry it, andwhenI foundout tharfie
(2)...--.- - . ......
(co/iapre)
coneof Maderas
in Nicaragua
inwards
leavinga craterakeal the top,thisseemed
to be
mychance.
I thoughtthatswimming
in a crairlakernight
(pe6uade)
befun,so I (3)
two friends,Rob
go
andsarah,10 with me.ljnfonunatelll
we haddonevery
littleplanning
beforethe trip,andsothe wholeventure
turnedintoa disaster.
Oncewe (4). ... . ..... .... (aftive)
at the summitwe realised
that a thickmistandhea!ry
rain
(5)...........
.............
...(obscure)
the view.RobandSarah
wantedto go backdownimmediately,
but I felt thataswe
(6).....
..........
. ......
.... (corne)
this{ar it wouldbe . waneof
(know)thatnothing
etfo( not to rwm. l(7) .........................
lives
in
ever
craterlakes,
whichwasratherspooky,
andthe
momenlldivedin to the muddywaterlfet thatit
(8)......
.........
....... ...(suck)medownintoitslfelessdepths.
l(9) ... ....
.... . (neverlee/)
50trifiedin my fel
A{terI hadnruggledoU of ihe water,we startedback
downbut by thenit (10).. ...... .. .... ...(raln)hardior
sucha longtimethattheslopewass pperyanddangerous.
(arive)backat the
Whenwe iinallyi11)... ...........................
hotel,Gked in mudandsoaking
wet, Sarahdircovered
that
(p/ckup)anobscure
5he(12)...................
.....
mountan
paraslte
andwascovered
in fedswellingr.
5 ncethen
(norlc/lmb)
,
..-..
again,
and
whenfriends
{13) "(14)
ask'so,
..........
morevolcanoes
soon?'
{youlc/r)rb)any
myansweris clear- absolutely
notl

1 Do you think that peoplewho do unusualand

dangerousthings like this are:
. adventurous?
. rresponsble?
. stupld?
Explainyour opinion to a partner
2 Prepareto tell your partner about a similarincident
that you have heard of, or a time when you had a
di{ficultor unusualexperienceyourself.Make notes
on what you want to say,and think about the
tensesyou need to use,Thentalk to your partner
and answerany questionsthey may have.
3 Write your notesup as a paragraph.Checkyour
tenses,and make surethat they are accurate,

UNIT 9

On th road

Reading: multiplematching(part4)
: 11: Lookat the headlineof the article.In what waysdo you
thinkyoungpeopletravellingin anothercountrymight:
. makefrlendswith ocalpeople?
. upsetocalpeople?
i:: Discuss
thesequestions.
1 Whatprobemsmightyou havetravelling
in a coirntrywhereyou
don'tknowthelanguage?
2 Whattypeof giftsdo peoplefromyourcountrygivewhenthey
vist peope abroad?
3 Whattypeof souvenirs
do you hketo bringbackwhenyoutravel?
3 Readthe articlequickly.Whichsectiontalks mortly about:
thlngsto takewth you?
buying
things?
photography?
speaking
anotherlanguage?
problems
on the road?
: 4 I You are going to readan articleabout young people
travellingabroad,Forquestions1-15,choosefrom the sections
of the article(A-E),The sectionsmay be chosenmore than
once.
ln whichsectiondoesthe writei ...
admitto beng too stubbornin onesituation?

tTN
t=T-l

localofficial?
remember
the kindness
of a partlcular

fST-l

express
a d slikefor a cenalnpieceof equipment?

recalchoosng to travelin a relatively

way?
uncomfortable

t"T-l
IFT-I
IET-I
t-T-l
tST-l
IET_I
Rbft

remember
sharng a commoninterest
with a groupof
stran9ers?

mf-t

menton beng givena rewardfor beinga sourceof

arrusement?

Ff t

suggest
that someactivities
requirethe consentof local
peope?

Rsft

admt to findingsomedifficultsituations
amusing
to look
backon?

tlir t

acknowedgethat somepeoplemayfind it hardto acquire

a usefuskil?

n3ft

critcisethe behaviour
of sometravellers?

suggestremaningcam n the faceof provocation?

recallbeng givenadvceabouta personal
matter?
suggesta bettera ternative
to a financial
transaction?
advseagansthavinga t ght schedule
whentravelling?
encourage
usto find out aboutthe needsof {ocalpeople?

Howto be
a good
traveller
You
should
ain tonakefriends
you
internatianal
on
traveb
and
avoid
upsetting
anyane.
A ll you wantto breakthe lce in
almostany socialsituatonabroad,
remember youre a glesi in
someoneersos counlry, so you
shoLJld
makesorneefforlto speak
the languagoObviouslyyor.rcan'l
expectto befluent,evenlustgetling
by can be difficultif you haven'tgol
thelimeof aptitudebutanyaltempt,
noweveternoaftass
ng, maKesan
enormous
diiierence.
Thef rstt me I
set foot in Chlna,I ony knewthree
wordsof Mandarn,
which d never
pronounced
propery.
heard
In the
eveni, rny first attempts ai
provedso entertaining
conversation
to my hoststhal lwas promplly
presented
wiih a gift. So ii's worth
trying io meet local people and
getlingintoconvorsation.
Evenif you
end up spoakingmostlyn a shared
youcanlearna ol
secondlangLrage,
aboutone another,I oncetravelled
thiadc'asson a trainfromHarareto
BulawayopartlybecauseI thoughtit
would make the overnght journey
moreinterestjng.
Sincetherewere
no
spareseats I endedup cramned
between
carrages.Butiiwasn'iong
beforethe guardtook pity on me,
invilingme backto his cablnwhere
he plied me with both sioriesand
refreshmenis
unti i couldnltakeany
moreof e ther.

B The key to slressfree travel s neverto g ve yourselfa

Jeadlneto meet.As soon as you do thingsinevitablysta(
:o unrave and theres oftenvery lt( e you can do about it,
:o you haveto makelhe mostoi th ngs I oftenflnd thatthe
i gh ghts te I the most entertaininganecdotesabout are
:mes whenthngs didnt qute go accordng to plan.For
:xample, on what shouldhave been a twelve-hourcrossrorntrydrve to the a rportin L4ongola,
our jeepgot sluck
''r a bog Forcedto camp overnight,we awoke to flnd a
s'na party of oca nomads on horseback, complete
lirangers organlsng our TecoveTy.
we were eventually
relayed by twentyjour hours but t tlrned out to be lhe
memorableday of the ent re trip.
-ost

C In manycountres,hagglings partof everydayife,bul

-rless you re alter sornethingqule pricey. its not worth
''t ^g lo e\trene.. lo- .F pFtta 1.rql roq
a
'.airob markelhagglngoverthe priceof a rlg untillwas
.ue n the face but ihe seler $rouldntbudgebelowhis
' ra price.lt was onlylaterthat I reaised d beengjv ng this
l]y a hardt me ior the sakeof one euro The bottom ine s
.:op hagglngwhenyoustopenloyng i Oi colrse even f
.ou re as nice as pie thereare alv/aysgo ng 1obe people
.,aotry to lake advantageor abuserfre' ccs r on and ihats
''-re of any country.f you do fee a'ofica
is being
polle
be
and
stani,/a-'
r'a.i.o
The
worst
-ireasonabe,
:_ng youcan do s loseyourtemce' :_: :'a_aes arethats
:xactywhatyouranlagonst s an:' a_: : _-::-.akethem
: the moredetermlnedto be d a- :
"

D Trd!. ,-c s.o,.d arwa! oad !\,o-wdv

erpe.e ce ire
rnoreyour hostscan earn aboutyou and your country,the
rnore you l both get out of it. ldea in ths regard are
postcardsirom homeipicturesof lhe capitalwi1 alwaysgo
down wel as lhe scenes may alreadybe farn iar to your
hostc.but o:- ,,e. o rqe.e you acluaryiJFard s-ap- o.
kiendsand fam ly are idealior breakng the ice. Its arnazng
how manyt mes ve been to d whichof my f r ends I shoud
marry for exampel Gifts are also a good dea, bLrl n
addilionto, nol as a substltuteior, gett ng to know people.
ll vou do :ome 'ecearchoelor.hano yo- car rJ.6
somethingthal might also be usefulor ol interestto those
you rneet.In many countries,lew th ngs wll ngratiateyou
morewrlhyourhosts lor exampe,thanthngs connected
with the beautifugame. I was on a kayakngtrp in a
rernoleregionwhen I flrst experencedth s phenomenon.
We wereon the riverbanksurroundedby a groupof excited
youngchildren,but havingnot a word of the r anguage,al
I coulddo wassmie.Thenone k d gaveus the lhumbsup
sign and said lvanchesterUnted' n heav y,accented
Englsh.A llveyexchange
of playersnamesensued,much
to everyonesamusement.
E Bul you l want to take home some mementostoo, and
lh s usualy involvesphotography.
l'm not a fan oi sneakng
sholsol peoplewith ong telephotoensesunlesslheyre
iusr a s.'l.l oa'r ol a brgge' rraga. Man, oeope a e
camera-shy and, n some cu tures, suspicous of
pholographylhanks argey to insensitveloreigners
lhrusli-gLanera< ' lhe d aclo- ol re
-.l.rL )-oe.Lr
parl. ,lory chroren So r'you a r-to po trdLs.ra.e . effort to talk lo your sublecl lirst. To my mind, a portrait
wrlhoul a name or a slory has no TnoTevaue than a
landscapewilhout a location.Bll ai the very least, get
permissioniirsl. li you ask someoneto do somethng for a
pholo, then I seems reasonabeto recornpensethem for
lhelrlime, but this s no substiiutefor giv ng peoplesomeof
Yo!r own time.

usingone of the
,::,5:completethe collocations
wordsfrom the box. Look backat the articleto
youranswers.
cnecK

2 Arethe prepositions
usuallyfollowedby a
noun,a gerundor either?

break get grve 90 lose

meet set stand take
the icewhenyou meetnew
Youhaveto ................
peoplefor the firsttlme.
2 It'susefulto be abe to ..........by in a language.
3 Youhaveto .............an effortif youwantto
makefr ends.
It! difficut whenyoufirst. ................
foot in a
country.
p,tyon ne il | 9e1
5 hopesoneonew ll
ost.
... .......
....according
to plan?
6 Dideverything
your
1 t's importantto .. ...........
all
deadlines.
....youa hardtime?
8 D d that man..........
your
itb inportantto ...................
9 In an argument,
ground.
1 0 Trynot to . ........... yourtemperwhenpeopleare
beingdifficult.
Digcuss
thesequestions.

Howdoforeign
toLiists
andtravellers
behave
whentheyvisityourcountry?
givenin thearticle?
Doyouagree
withtheadvice

Vocabulary:dependent
prepositions
and nouns
- adjectives
Adiective+ preposition
:tl

Adjectiveswith relatedmeaningmay be
followed by the samepreposition.Matcheach
set of adjectivesto one of the prepositions
from the box.Youwill needto useone
oreDositiontwice.
at
I
)
3
4
5
I

about

to

of

from

good excelent competeni

concerneo wolTteo nervous
dlfferent separated apart
simiar related equivalent
typical characteristic lrue

6 tascinated gripped captivated

7 accessible open restrcted
8 pleased happy delighted

with

2 Discuss
thesequestions.
1 Whatdo yougetworriedabout?
2 Whatareyoucompetent
at?
you
3 Whoare
mostsimiarto nyourfamily?

Noun + preposition
3 Nouns.verbsand adjectivesthat sharethe
sameroot may be followed by the same
preposition.Completethe sentences
with nouns
formed from the adjectivesin Exercise
1 and add
an appropriatepreposition.
1 Enforced
.......
.........
.............frndscanru n
relationships
whenpeoplehaveto spenda long
trmeapaft.
2 Whatisthe actual .... .....
. ..............
the situation?
It seems
to methat mostpeopleare y n9 about
whathappenedl
3 Whyistheresucha
trendyholiday
wth
destinations
nowadays?
People
areobsessed
theml
4 Herextreme........
......
.. ... .........f y n9 realy restrlcted
the amountof travelllng
shewasableto do.
4 Somenouns,verbsor adjectivesthat share
the sameroot may be followed by a different
preposition.
Complete
with nouns
the sentences
formed from the adjedivesin Exercise1 and add
preposition.
an appropriate
I Thereareoltenmany ......
......
. .. ......
......
European
pck themup
languages,
whichcanhelppeople
easly.
2 | wishlonghaLrl
wouldshowmore
traveller5
......
....the environment
andfly ess
Therearefar fewer..........
.................ho iday
packaqes
thantravecompanies
want usto belreve
- | thinkiheyareall the samerealy.
He realy ovestravelling
andgetsa greatdealol
seeingditferentplaces.
5 How muchdo you thinktravelwill be
restrictedin the future?What will causethis?
What would makeyou agreeto restrictyour own
travel plans?

L\IT

d--

&'^' g/
\7

On th road

GfG
.fl,.,t

'

The Hungry Cyclist

Whenhet not tra\clling,Tom works
as a . .......... ... .... (1)
Tom useshis websiteas a way of linding both
. ... .. ...(2) and suggestions
of
food he shouldtry.
Tomi bike hasbeenadapiedto avoidproblems
of . . . .. .......
..(3) in the gears.
. (4) that

Toms bike hasa .

resemblcs
dn Americanfood item.
Toni greatestproblemson the t.ip arc
causedby

... . (5)

Tom had a particularlygood mealrfter he

:rlmos!lost his ... ... .... ......(6) one day.
The food itemsthat Tom h:Lsenjoyedmost so
lar.rre
(7) in Noflh Ameri(a.

Listening: sentencecompletion

Thestrangest
dish(ha(Tomha' r.redso f"r'.
a lype of
.. .....(8) madefrom

(Part2)
1
1 Lookat the imagesfrom TomKevillDaviei
websitewhichiscalled'TheHungrycyclist'.
Whatsortof trip do you think he'sgoingon?
what kindof helpdo you think he needs?

..aiOls...

cja

-au"

T H E H 'J N G R Y

CYCLIST

ffi

2 You'regoingto hearaboutTom'strip through

the Americas.
Makea listof the vocabulary
the senten(es.
@2 Listenagainand complete
you expectto hear relatedto how he's
3 Lookat theseanswersthat studentswrote
travelling.
Thinkabout:
in
the examforthe abovetask.Whywouldthey
. theequipment
he'l need
be
markedwrongin the exam?Whatadvice
. proben,she m ght have.
wouldyou givethesestudents?
1 gnphhic design
6 drappedhisglaves
2
4be s
1 Listento the radiofeatureaboutTomand
5hi s
I chicken
answerthe questions.
' Whchcountries
hashevistedsc :a'.
4 I{ Tomwascyclingaroundyourcountry,
: -o A r-l " ni I lo' le er A
. whichroutewou d youadvisehimto taker
: \ ilhri.
iha
r^^.6
h i( r r
. whatwouldyoLradvseh m to eat?
^
^+
^)

f Nr r ,

O nt h ero a d

Grammar 2: emohasis(cleftsentences
with what)

(Sheto d herbosshowshefelt aboutthe

restrLrctur
ng of the company)
What. ......... ---. -- -. .

I Lookat this extractfrom the listeningtext.

What Tameventuallyhopesto da is to raisefloa,oa) for
cnanLy.

Rewritethe followingsentences
without
usinga cleft structure.
Example:
Whatishappeninq
nowadays
isthatpeople
aretravelingmore.

Why did the presenter

choose
to usethisstructure?
2 Lookat the dialogues
below Whatdoesthe
structurebeginningwith whatemphasise
in each
. a wholesentence
. the verbor event

PeopleaE tavellin4 more nowa^ays.

1 Whathe realy lovesrstravelng by plane

2 WhatI lke to do s takephotographs
of every
placevist
WhatI do is usethe nternetto stayin touch
whenI travel.
Whatlam enjoying
isthechance
to travel
abroad
for mywork.
I wasfuriousaboutthe deay,so whatI d d
wascompa n d rectlyto the a rl ne
Tomyamazement,
whatthealrined d was
refundal mymoneyl

. lne oDlect

1 Ar Theyhaveto bethereby sixin the eveningand I

th nk t'sa ongjourney
by tran.
B:OK whattheyneedto find out iswhichtrarnleaves
beforeunchtrne.
2 A: He'salwayslucky- | betthat hewasin t mefor the
bus
BiQuiteright- whathed d wascatchthebuswith
:h^"1f!a

( a r ^ ..1 <

Choosethe correctalternativeto
completethe statementabout cleft
Sentences.
Cleftsentences
aremostoftenfoundin /nformal
speeah/ formalspeech/ written texts.

r ^ < n :/o

3 A: Whywasheso ate?ljustdont understand

itl
B:I th nk thatwhathappened
washearrived
at the
airportn goodt mebutgot hed up ln thequeueto
checkn.

p.195(6.1)
il. Grammarreference
1 Rewritethe followingsentences.
Emphasise
the
partof eachsentence
bracketed
usingone ot the
waysshownin Exercise
2,

4
I Choose
one o{ thesetopicsto speak
about.
1 WhatI reallyneedto do to mproverny
Englsh
speak
ng s
2 I hada surprselastweek.Whathappened
was ..
3 WhatI vaueaboutmybestfr end s...
4 wl ld ra a l)||le t o a c h e \ er r, ' e : . .
"
5 Whatrealyannoys
me s ..

Example:
I wantto know(howyoutraveledto France
lasiyear).
w hat L.v.iri.!..1c.*ne!..ie..he.a.
v9."u
ltale !!eato f altce

lael.vset.
1 She(earnedta ransothatshecoud speak
to people
whenshewentto Romeon holday)
Whatshe ....
2 (Peope who arealwayslate)annoyme most
What
(l'lecouldn'tv st guaeuwhenhewentto BrazI the first
t me)andthatmadehimdeterm
nedto go back.
What...... .. .
(Hewenton a courseto becomea Jlightattendant)
last
year
Whathe ... .......
.... .. ...
d - "dl) .lero'ave a holodyi_A n
"rL , " '
Wlrat

i,

2 Listento a studenttalkingaboutthe {irst

topic.Whatdoessheneedto do?Why?
Prepare
to speakon yourchosentopicJor
at leasta minute.Remember
to begin
with the c eft sentence
you chose.
Workin groups.Taketurnsto ta'k about
yourtopic,and answeranyquestions.
TIP| : thoJgh cleft sentencesare found
:r '-+:.Ta,speech and soundvery
r::-'.
aan't overusethem as thls can

2)
Speaking2: individuallongturn (Part

Example:
Lr Er d,,d,'r ,LL,9

1 Lookat the threeplctures,

and readthe task.
l'd
Thepictures
showpeopledolngth ngswhiletravelling.
likeyouto compare
two of the pictures,
andsaywhy you
thinkthepeople
havechosen
to do thesethingswhile
traveIn9, andwhattheytel usaboutthe peopleS
attitude
to travellng.
2 In Part2 you will be askedto comparedifferent
pictures,
lhrngs
Whenyou compareyou needto express
that aresimilarandthingsthat aredifferent,andyou will
alsoneedto speculate
aboutthe pictures.
Readthe exampleoppositeand put the highlighted
phrases
in the correctpart of the table.Two havebeen
donefor you asexamples.

on a staton plattorm;
it seems
to beeary
morning
andwhatI thrnkhe'sdoingis
waiilngior a trainI donl th nk hes
goingto workbecause
he! dressed
casua
ly soit looksas f he'sjust9ong
somewhere
fortheday,or maybe
hes
meetingsomeone
off the nexttrainto
arrveat ihe station.Howevelin contrast
ln the secondpictlretherearea lot of
peoplewho arealsoon a station
platformbut someof themaredressed
a
lot moresmartyandto metheycome
a(rossasf-"elngboredbecause
theydo
thisjourney
everydayandthat! why
they'retryng to passthe t rneby readng
a newspaper
3 Listento a studentcomparing
picturesB and C.Add anymorewords
or phrases
theyuseto the tablein
Exercise
2.

Whatyou think/
speculating

Comparing
and
contfa5trng

Qualifyingwhat you say

civing reasons/explaining

ir : .

4 Now do the taskwith a partner,

ulingthe pictures
on page182.Tryto
usethe phrases
from the table,and a
clett senten(e.

t'NlT 9

Of lhe road

Examfocus
Paper3 Useof English:open
cloze(Part2)
,qboutthe exam: Paper3, Part 2 is
an open clozepassagewith 15
gaps.one word goes in each gap.
Most o'f the gapswill need
9rammalca woros, e.g.
prepositions,
articles,auxi iaries.
etc. ratherthan vocabularyre ated
to the toptc.
Suggestedprocedure
1 Readthe completetext quicky,
ignoringthe gapr,to get an
idea of what it's about and how
it is structured.
2 Readthe text before and after
eachqap carefully.Think about
the type of word which is
mrssrnq.
3 f you're unrure of any answers
(c.g which preposltionto put),
then gue5s- fememberyou
don't losemarksfor wrong
4 When you'vef nished,readthe
who e text againto make sure t
all makessensewith your
answersIn Place.

1 Forquestions
1-15,readthe text belowand thinkof the
wordwhichbestfits eachgap.lJseoniyoneword in eachgap
Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0).
Example:l-T Tav?

HOLIDAY SNAPS
Haveyou evernoticdhow mostof us (0) ...i?f.g..
a
tendency
to takeloo manypictureson holiday?Fjnding
(1) ..... . ....in a beautyspot,we wan!to holdon to lhe
experience
andso (2) .... ..... comesthecamera.But the
cameratakcsour attentionawayfrom theplaceitsclf with
(3) .. ...... resultthat.in effect.wc stoplooking.What's
(4)
. , only rarcly(5) ..
lve studythistypeof
photograph
(6) .
closelyafterwards.
if wc savcand
jus! (7) . ........of manyin .ln alburnof
print il, it becomcs
similarshols.
JohnRuskin.writingwhenpholography
w.rs(8) ... .. . hs
infancyin thc l9th century,foughtbittedy(9).
the
lrend.He arguedtbat,(10) .
photographs,
of taking
we shouldall leamo draw.His view wasthatif you try to
(11) .
drawanything.
you
. simplcit mayseem,
(12) . .
be forcdro look at i! moreclosely.Inlooking
(13) ... ....
at tbingsin thisway,you cometo appreciatc
theyactuallylook likc. Hc tcllsus,for example,that
(14) .. .. ....mostof ushaveneverreallystlldieda tlee,we
saythingslike:'['d lovcto go to India-"Nonsense,'says
Ruskin,'Firstleamto seea treeproperly,thenmoveon to
your houscand(15)
thetime you'reninety,you
mightbe readyfor a trip ro India.'Thesearewisewords
for our overfavelled.but under-observant
age.

2 Discuss
thesequestions.
1 Do youagreethat we shoLr
d earnto drawinsteadof taking
photographs?
Why?n
Vhynot?
peopesatttudes
2 Howhasthedigita
c:ne'achanged
towards
photography?
I DoyoLthinkpeope ,,! :.<: moreor fewerphotographs
in the

112

,.il.

tr{

i*ii

Writing: competitionentry (Part2)

1 Lookat the photograph.
. why do youthinkit wastaken?
. Whatdoest showabouttravelnowadaysT
2 Readthe followingcompetition
announcement
andfor questions
1 and 2 choose
ihe answer(A, B,c or D) whichyouthinkfits
bestaccording
to the texi,
somethingto say about travel today?
Enterour competition
for the Travel
Photograph
and Articleof the YearlThereare
rwo calegones:
. Faceto Face- peopleor animals
. Thepersonal
approach
in travel,
- issues
Submitone photograph
and arti(le(220-260
words)in yourchosencategory.
In yourarticle
you shouldexplainwhatyour photograph
says
details.
abouttraveltoday,with supporting
Youshouldincrease
awareness
of the issues
whileclearlystatingyourown pointo{ view
and engagingthe readet
1 Theaimoi thecompetiton
5 to
A nformreaders
the
abouttravelng aroLrnd
woflo.

2 Theartclesubmittedmustbe
A inforrnatve.
B nteresting
for peope workn9 n the travel
ndustry
C ight-hearted
andamusing.
D supported
research.
by proofof academic

1 Thinkbackto the previous

work you have
done on articles.Lookat the Writing reference
on page 208 if necessary.
What are the four
mainaimsof an articlethat is alsoan entryfor
a competition?
a) lo engagethe reader
b) to explain
a pointof vew
c) to organsethe articlec earlyand in an nteresting
d\

r^

ftrlr(

i.^

{i^"ra<

^16<anr

el ro wtna pnze
2 Howcanyou achieve
four
theseaims?Choose
rdeas.
a) planyourideascarefuly in paragraphs
hl

'rG

rhar^ri .,l

^',adi .n(

c) lse directspeech
d) Lrse
a rangeof interest
ng andvariedvocabulary
e) useconnectors
and ink ideaswel
f) thinkaboutlayout,
usingheadngsandbulet
ponts

B alow lndivduas to express

rher personaL
opnlon.
C giveyoungpeope anoppoillni',,lccecome
photographers
D a .pld i-o

vto n. o- t al

i- , . "

. '

:...r
". .

113

4
'| Lookbackat the photograph
on page113and
the compet;tion
announcement,
Yourfriend
wantsto submitthat photograph
for the
competition,
and hasto writethe articleto 90
with it but is not surehow to go aboutit.
what advicewouldyou giveyourfriend?
givingadviceto therr
@ 2 Listento someone
friend.Wasit the sameasyours?
@ 3 Listenagainand notedownsixkeyrnrngsyou
mustdo whenwritingyourarticle{or this
comPetition.
5 Readthisarticlewhichwaswrittenin
answerto the task.Answerthesequestions' W hd t \ - r a a r o f -re n ..o d u L to l , p d .d g
dpn

pont5
2 Hasthe writerincudeda I of the necessary
rromtxeraseI /
3 Hasthewriterincudedanyof yourideas?
4 Doestheartc e nclude
varedandinterest
n9
vocabuary?Givesomeexamples

Whatlnkinqwordsor phrases
areused?
Findsome
examples
Howdoesthewrterengage
thereader?
Gve
exannp
es.
ls it written n an informalor formalstyle?Gve
examp
e5.
5 Nowwriteyourown answer10the task.
You can usea different photographasyour entry
if you prefer;chooseone from the photographs
on page104or page107.
Thinkof threepoint5you couldmakein your
articleaboutissues
raisedby the photograph.
Planyour paragraphs.
Whatwill you includein
yourintrodudion?
Whatwill you sayin your
conclusion?
Referto yourgrammarchecklist
andto the
checklist
in Exercise
3 to makesureyou have
completed
the task: Writing refe.ncep.208

-rr-aVel\inq a.Found .\l-,e wor\d seerns lo be a.n a{l.aclive

wav
1o spend" your- .\ir e. tsu{ il's not a\\ lood news on the
pecsona.\ fron{. Ha.ve Vo\J ever- thouqh'l atou{ \he neqalive
slde o['{ia.ve\i And ]"rn no{ {alkinl-auour environmdn{al
tss\Jes) el{her_r.
ricsl, rnin'. abou\ \he lirhe you was\e l. arr por\ c-o.c-o!jrse5.
Ar-l.rvlnq ea.\y\ c.hec(r.r{ r-\ wartrnq foc the p\a.e \a \eove
{hinr wY-a r voi c-ould d6 r ore u5eTu\\v rr ' \he rir e.. -I ca..
rhink o! a-bci\l1n thin3s irnr edia.{ely!
-Ihen {lae.re.'s 1Le +|me yo\J Spe^j
aL/ay {r.om yo\Jr
Cectai.\v\ you rhav be travel\inq with C.ie-ds,'tor
\han Co-'wo-(
- ir..rr not ever-ydne you love. wrll be
Fr re.c\s o{' rhlne. spen \ a year bac(ts'ac-kin1 around
+Fe. \,ror\d)
qrheif\ec +hey wou\d doil
and u<l-\en askei
a1ain,
wi+h a very de{inile'no\r.

d{ coucse\ {her_e. is 4nolhe.F side. lo {he c-oin - f c-an)l

pl-e{end i11s al\ bad neurs. -it'e opporlunilv \o se.e. +he !^ror\dl
exFerienc-e olhe.r_ c-u\{ure.s, l-.ave arnazin.r' adve.nlures - ]i1esa
o.e \tar \ a,rd pal.ce\ ot tr ivel\rnn. !3u\ neJvelF\e\e "5 rhe
neq.a\rve iss\Jes a\r eadv rai:ed 6ave ro ue b-{\.r^.ed wrlh
the:se adva-n1aqe.s. And a-s \he pho{oar-aph sl-\cws) ll-\e
per-sonal d|sadva.nlaqes are Very qrei-1. So a\\ in a\\, ls lrave.l
*ror-+h i]? flrs your "ca-\\) bu1 1 t {.e +nar f F,ave. al ieasi
made vou ll-\hk \

114

r\Ir

9 Rev iew

'I Readthe text below. Usethe word given in capital5at the end of some of the lines to
form a word that fits in the same line.Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0).

Bag Manners
endlesscheck-inqueue
A few monthsago,standingin a (0) -e-?-9Lii4riJ1
couldn'thelPbut
at an airport(thatperhapsshouldremainnameless).I
complaining
to
the(l) ..-...............
loudly
olerhearan angrybusinessman
and
behindthedeskaboutour delay.His tonewasveryaggressive
.....
language
thatI thoughtwasquite
he wasusingvery (2) ..........
(3) ............to the situation.

5EEM
ATTEND
OFFEND
APPROPRIATE

Theairline(4) ...........didn't bataneyelid,however,simplymakinga calm

.....
for checkingin his bags,then
apologyas shecontinuedwith the(5) .. ......
handinghim his (6) ... ........passwith a smile-

EMPLOY
PROCEED
BOARD

As he wAlkedoff, still mutteringobscenities,Imovedforwardto

on her
....with thewoman,commenting
takemy turn.I (7) ...........
(8) ............in thefaceof suchunnecessarily
ill-mannered
(9) ... ........ . Shewinkedat me andreplied:'Don't worry,madam.That
is goingto Beijing.'
gentlcman
is gojngto New York,but his suitcase

SYMPATHY
PATIENT
BEHAVE

Themoralofthe story?If you vant to avoidthe(10)............of lost

luggage,neverbe rudeto airponcheck-instaffl

the secondsentence
sothat it has
2 Complete
usingthe
a similarmeaningto the firstsentence,
word 9iven.Do not changethe word given.You
mustusebetweenthreeand sixwords,including
the word 9iven.
I Theaimof the competiton s to infofmreaders
aboutthe region.PRovlDE
Thecompettion
a ms
nformaton
abouttheregion.
look ikeexperienced
2 Thepeoplen thephotograph
lF
travellers.
look
Thepeoplen thephotograph
of traveling.
experience
3 I get mostannoyed
whentouristsdonl show
fespect
for loca customs.ls
Thething......
wieq iounstsdon't
.h^u,

r6cn6.r

{^r

4 Tte e don r seen -o be quileat -:'.

the cty this year SLIGHT
Thereseemsto havebeen

:c .' )b n
tn

the numberof touristsin the clq;a_a i::1

Go to w*jT5t5-com

CONVENIENT

3 Add a prefix to eachof thesewordsto

makeit negative.Then completethe sentences
usingthe negativewords.
...necessary...convenient...practical
...eventful . behaviour conrderdtr
...related ...respecdul
1 lthoughtit was.
to packg ovesfor a beach
holiday.
2 lt wasan ..... . ....
flightsowe arrvedfeeling
calm.
3 lthink it is ............
. to localpeope to take
photographs
of ihemwthout askng.
4 Thetimingof theflightwasrather... ... ..lof us
as it meantwe hadto wait arolndal day.
5 lt s a n |(eg u rd p b o obl,u ,I s s z e ra le s [ .
for walkingholidays.
I thinkit was....... of Gemmanot to cal to say
she'dbecominghomea dayaterthanplanned.
N/yenjoyment
of the trip was.............to the fact
that l'd won it asa prizen a competition
Because
of theirearier ... ........,we decdednot to
takethechildren
to thecnema.

interactiveexam

115

UNIT

70

close
to nature

Listening I
1
O 1 Youheartwo peopletalking
aboutthe environment
and
the naturalworld.Choose
the answer(A, B or C)which
fits bestaccordingto what
you hear,

le4e4pil j
I Theanan
th nksthatawareness
of thenaturaword and
issues
i5
envronmental
A notveryimportant
B nothing
to do wth h m.
C irreevantbecause
t5 too
lateto do anythng.

Thewomanth nksthat
awaTeness
of thenaturaworld
is
andenvronmentassues
A qute mportant.
B something
shecanhep
WIN.

C something
everyone
shoud
nave

I H0r'nlucl 01::our
iijil Lsf.'"il:r9s3ad,
li[{.:] larLff,rl/rr.lrnre:i.r$
il mIrLiii!llr$.
1ra
ro:::+
ic:::
:'n
:ii':it
d.l
/i
L
!e(l.r|Jd
&) rnos!c[:t
c)
b) abl:! Irl: o: r:
c:ra1kl. r'rkrr$r f. ll.,,r)r hLl, lr'iiirlt
",.)
l)t4f ifrinil at r f,ill r':iF'l
.) ,i?ry.ii:l: o: i:
8 HcnLril.r:ddr.r f!E: :i frlrlrLl
Li:u:[.9r .rf?
:mrspr:::!:-rL?na

llo:,nuihjlk fh :f .nrlarered3])?cie6
ollar,rad
:o bacoma
emnci 0""0&us
il s

5 aio:'JsEd:.j:.!l r,j:xr:
r.:g:b0rrl:.01,1::,,1'
n]Lr.1r'.'is--.

Whoseattitudedo you agree

Howawareareyou of
environmental
issues
and the
naturalworld?Workwith a
partnerand do the'ecofr i en d ly'quiz.

116

pradrcrimrdii lI/.rxnl)iilisri
0r[,, hir.',]
gool
r
air.rnfmi rl |rlicdt
'riih

4 JnJ,ourhou8eor lai, tu ]ou

a) ahreJ3lealeelecFicallllli:nces on
slanibf
b) turn ofrlighrsani elecitunlalplilmes
vhenJ'ouleer,a[h- rcom?
c) onl}-lurn l.ht6:nd el..i c1l.llli3rces
onvhenJ' nei to r$e lhamt
gordr:Lr
5 l!h".njou hv conBumer
j'ox$elJor oibers,do]cu
a) gc for the onerith tha noit Jllorere
pacblng'/
b) :soidanJ.that seem[o ha\Eiaaxruch
packrglg?
c) chm3ethe onewi.h the sI! :.:
ipairx3ging/

rhoroluralcrder'?
novedmtozcosandrlrnd parks?
in iirclr naNnl h0bitai?
c) pforec'.ed

L\IT 10

2 Discuss
thesequestions.
issuedoeseach
1 Whatgeneraenvronmental
question
rase?
lsio
2 Whatdo youthinkyourownresponsibilty
thesessues?
: Howmuchcanany ndividual
do to bringabout
changen theseareas?
4 How mportants t for peopleto engagewith the
naturaworld?
3 Thinkaboutotherissues
that couldshowhow
you are andwrite
environmentally
conscious
for the quiz.
threemoreqoestion5

Grammar 1: countable/
uncountable
nouns
1 Lookat the alternatives
in thesesentences,
Whichone is possible
or likely?Whichone is not,
or is lesslikely?Why?
I 5centists
areony justcoming
to an
understand
n9 of the truenatureof space/ the
space.
2 Thisencycopaedlas ncredb y hea\,y- whatever
is il nadeaf?An ion / hon?
3 | needsomeadvlce/ an adlce abouthowto ook
aftermynewgoldfish.
4 Therehasn'tbeenmuchnews/ manynewsahort
the atestvo canc eruptons n Asia,sotheycan't
naveDeenseT
ous.
5 usuay iketo havea collee/ coffeebeforeLdo
an),,thing
e se n themorning.
6 \Ne had an ama'ng time/ amazingtime on a
w ldlfe safarastyearl
7 Theyaredoingexcel/ent
research
/ an excellent
researchnto animabehavourat my ocalzoo.
8 justcan'tbearit if thetesa hai I hair n $y food
It nrakes
mefee | |
9 Wecan'idecdewhatto do untI we f nd out
dddt1onal
nfatma1onI an addttonaln{atmauon
aboutthewholething.
1A A tavel/ Travels oneof myman free-time
nteresrs
2 Workwith a partnerArethesewords
countable,
uncountable
or both?Howdoesthe
meaningchangeif they'reboth?
1 coffee
5 dea
2 nope
6 power
3 water
7 authcri.
po nt
iF Grammarreferencep.194(4)

Coseto nature

3
Thinkof one word onlywhichcanbe
usedappropriately
in allthreesentences.
In this
exercise,
all the wordsare nouns-Remember
to
lookfor phrases
whichwill helpyou,andthink
aboutwhetheryou needthe 5ingular
or plural
torm-Youwill needthe sameform in allthree
Senrences.
I R pme' nbp" o reFp you'
o' rts6\^eathF' \ o
that you don' t 9et caught i n the rai n.

Theyboughttheshares
withan
to making
a quickprolit.
party,
Aliho!ghtheyknewabouttheplanned
the
parents
boys
decided
to turna blnd . .. .. and
letit go ahead.
2 | don'tknowhowdanqerous
thejunge s - f you
go,you'llhaveto takeyour..
The ...
arethat the zoowil beforcedto
close
your
Doingthecourse
wil certanlyimprove
oi gettlnga job.
She n no
to -ndeftl e s-c_a pl'/sca
demanding
trip.
'
He\,\,as
allowedlo leaverqeco-ntryo'1
thathereturned
wthrnthreeweeks.
A_yonesurfe.|ng
tro-"r seflousr oor.a
...
"
shouldthinktwicebeforeundertak
n9 strenuous
physical
exercise
Theteamis now backto full ..
aftera
numberof injuries
lastmonth.
to keyplayers
It3 alwaysan advantage
to be ableto negotiate
froma positiono{ . ........
It iseasyto understand
the. ...
of pubic
feelingaqanstthe useof nucearenergy.
I haveabsolutely
no ... .. ....whathe meansl
Canyougivernea qenera .........of whatyour
plansare?
Hestillmakesmistakes,
but I th nk he'sgot the
ngnr ........ now.
He hasshownno . ......... in takn9 part n the trek
across
the mounlan5.
I believe
thatit s n thepublc. ........ thatthe
factsof ihe situaton aremadeknown.
Thereisa dislurbingackof
in recyclng n
the areawhereI lve.
TIP! Underlne phrasesthat he ped you to
idelr 1 rl_e^ ssrg
ord dod them to
^o.d
your voca0uary rsls.

IINIT lO

C ose10 n.ture

Reading: gappedtext (Part2)

1
1 Look at this list of endangered
species.How many of eachare there
left approximately?Match each
animalto a number.

2
3
4
5

Bengat qer
Orangutan
Asianelephant
Ba ckr h n o

a) 48,500
b) 3,735
c) 1,600
dJ2\,6A0 32,75A
e) 3,000 4,500

2 How importantdo you think it isto saveall the

enddnge'eo
speciesr the wo.lo?A'e sorre(pe(ie(
easierto savethan others?
Why?Athynot?
2 Youarego;ngto reada newspaper
article.Six
paragraphs
havebeenremovedfrom the article.Choose
from the paragraph5
A-G the onewhich{itseachgap
(1-6).Therei5one extraparagraph
whichyou do not
needto use.

A safari to save the big cats

Geftlng Nanibia's tarme6 on board a large conservation prciect has
been one of the challenges lor the Africat Foundation.
Clive leanedoui of rhe Land Rover'sdoor andraised
his antenna,rotatingit in a semi-circle.We listened
hffd. The rcceiverhissed.'Nolhing,'he
said.'Just
whitenoise.'Wemadeoff againdown the trackfor a
coupleof kilomctrcs.pnsrthick clumpsof bushand
rholD,to pauseo|lcemore.And this time we clearly
heardthc signal.a steadybeepthat announced
our
quanl,- a radio-collared
cheetah
- wasnear.

Mo. ouI cheetah,

wason the move,but we evcntually
caughiup with hin da\r'dli.gin thelonggrass.He had
lasthunteda few daysagoandwasnow contemplating
anothermeal.Justsevenrnetresaway,Icouldsensehis
dismissivedemeanoDr.
So we left him lo it, tmtting
away into the sccnringlyinfinite rld of central
Namibia,andhcadcdbackto our villa.

2
DonnaHanssen,
oneof the owncrs,cxplainedthe big
cats'plight in Nanibia. Much of ihis arid countryis
given over to livestockand gane farlns.Cattlc in
panicularrequirevast trach of land and ;t\ a generous
tarmerwho shares
his thin pNtureswith muchgame.
3

118

Hanssenherselfhasa farming backgound.Her parents

moled herein 1970and stuggled Io run a viable cattle
falm. With its rocky hils and escarpmentsparcelling
huge tmcts of land lhreadedby seasonalsrcams and

rivers,their landis as rugBedlybeautifulas its soil is

poor.Theirherdsncverthrived.For a while theyeven
encouraged
commerciAlhuntinginstead.Africat and
Okonjima'scvolutionas a luxuryrvildcmcsslodgein
$c arly I990schanged
all that.

SinceJuly 1993.868chcctnhs
andleopards
havebeen
rescued.86 per ccnt oi which wre rcleasedinto the
wild. Thcir guiding principleis this: relocalingard
releasiog
a chcetahbackintothe wild is (heonly rculc
loconservation.
Evenifit survivesjusi
a iew years.that
may be long enoughfor a chcctahto rcar cutJsand
securcandnergenerarron.

This ambiliousprojectbeganin 2000\rith the support

of theTuskTrust.Here,in a 10.000-acre
enclosure
now
reslocked\rith girme.yo$ngcheetahs
.re honingtheir
hundngskillsin p,paration
lbr linal rclcasc.Thcy arc
ied jusr enoughno! to starvebut arelargelyiorcedto
tind for thcmselves.
Generally,threemontbssccms
sufficienrto shrrpentheirhuntinginstinct.
6
Old habrs die hard, fiough. Once the hunts of donkey
meal had been givcn out. each animal scamperedoft
with its o$n ration to consumeit alone and fast. for in
the \rild sca\engersoften help themselvesto cheetal
kills berbre thet've even had a chanceto tuck in

LNIT 10

Evenat thebestoftimes.il's noreasJto

makea living. Whal s more. rn the absence
ofothcrprcy,camiloresrapidll acquirea
tastefor livestock- so areoften shot on
sight.Wilh Namibiaeslimated
io hale
nearly a quarterof the world s cheetahs.the
loomingqueslionwas:couldthcychealtheif
seemingly
inevjtabledecline?
Leavingthetrackto headcross-county
on
foot,we weresteered
by theequipmcntas
surelyasarts to honey.Watchthose
urrdvarkholcs,'urged
our guidc,for not
only cantheytwistanklesbut it is not
unknowrfor warthogs
or leopards
to occupy
lhem.Nejtherlikesa two-legged
surpriseon
We drcvcfor hou.son t.acksthatrangcd
from gradedto barelydefined.Small.flat
toppcdhills,or kopjcs,st(DdIikc scntricson
immenseplainswith tanralising
horizons.
Thc lighl wasbrilliant.thc spacc
bewitching.
Occasionally
theforward
lrackcrsradiocddircciionsor updalesto our
guides.The process
resembled
anelaborate.
grown-upverciorof hide,and+eek.
D Oneafternoon,
we visitcdthc vastWclfarc
enclosure.Its
cheelahs
areunsuilable
for
release,
usuallybecause
of injuryor
habiluation
to man,andwill foreverneed
vehicleswilh
feeding.Theynow associate
foodandwithinminutesseveralbounded
acrossrhcplainlowads us.
Thatapparent
simplicjtyis deceptive.
Many
rescued
animalsarcorphaned
cubs,
jn hunting.Mo, thechetah
inexperienced
one
wc hadFackcdearlier,exernplifies
solution- rehabilitation.
This formedpartofthe Okonjimaguest
which
farm,run by theAfricat Foundation,
aimsio safeguard
thewell-beingof
principrlly
Namibia\ hrge camivorcs,
cheetahs
andleopards.
Whatbeganasa
into education
welfarcmissionhasexpanded
and,rnostimportandy.
theconsen'ation
of
theseexquisite.nimals exquisire.
ftat is.
unlessyouhappento be a farmer.
Today,they try andwork with farmers.
encouraging
themnot to shoolpredato.s
on
sight andolTeringto remole the animals
instead.
Altruism.you mightsa).has
emergedfrom pragnatisn- Yerrhereis Liftle
doubtirgthepassiondri!ing fie Foundatron.

Closeto nature

3 Discuss
thesequestions.
1 Whoseresponsibiity
is it to saveendangered
species?
2 shouldmoneybespenton otherthings(suchas
climatechange)
instead?
Whyandwhat?
4 Matchthe verbs1-8 to wordsa-h to make
a commoncollocation,
Lookbackat the article
to checkyour answers.
1 to hone
a) a tastefor somethng
2 to fend
b )a na n k le
3 to acquire
c)lntothew ld
4 to beshot
d)yourskllsin sor.ething
5 to rear
e)a livng
6 to make
rl youn9
gl on srgnr
7 to be released
8 to tlvist
h) for oneself

119

uNlT 10

clo5eto nature

Exam focus
multiplechoice
Paper4 Listening:
(Part3)
About the exam:Paper4, Part3 is a 3 4 rninute
two or three
involving
lnterviewor discussion
in which
lt is usuallya mediabroadcast
speakersin depth Tl'eted'e qiY
a cJbje{I isdiscus\ed
whichfollowthe order
multiplechoicequestion5
of the text, mostlylocusingon the speakers
dealwith
Thequestion5
attitudesand opinions.
the mainideasin the text,but won't usethe
they aretestingyour
samewords.Remember,
L nd e r itdn d inol
g lonqerpre(esoftextroti u ' l
wordsor Phrases.
individual
Suggestedprocedure
1 Youhavea minuteto readthe questions
begins.Readthem
beforethe recording
quickly,underlining
the mainwordsin the
questionstemand oPtions.
on one pieceof text and
2 Eachquestionfocuses
they comein order.Thinkabouthow the text
will be dividedinto sixparts- how will you
knowwhento moveon to the nextquestion?
on the
3 Thelirsttime you listen,concentrate
questionstem.Canyou hearthe answerto the
questionwithoutlookingat the options?ls
the answeryou
therean optionthat matches
haveheard?
4 Listenagainand checkthat the optionyou
havechoseni5correctand the othersare
wrong.
You'veprobably
5 l{ you'renot sure,9uess.
morethan you think,and no
understood
marksare deductedfor wrong answers
'| You will hearan interviewwith JakeWillers,
of a wildlife
who is alsothe presenter
a naturalist
programmecalfed/n5ec'lfrcm Hell Fol
questions1-5, choosethe answer(A, B, C or o)
which fits bestaccordingto what you hear.
1 WhatatiractsJaketo the typeof animalsknownas
arthropods?
A the scopethat existsfor futurefesearch
of studyin thisarea
B thefamiytradltion
C the amountof datathat hasbeencoLlected
D r'ran-nber ot noivduarsioundi_ pacl spe.e.

120

films
about Holl),V\7ood
What doeslake sLrgqest
about insects?

hay_ave . eslhdr don ( refle(| .' e I con-pn.

B Theytendto put peopleoff h s own
programme5.
less
Theyleadpeople
to taketheanirnals
senouSlY.
ly featurethe most
D Theydo not necessar
dangerous
species.
lakethinkshewaschosento plesentthe TVseries
because
well-known
asa presenter.
hewasalready
p aces.
B hewaswi lingto bef lmedin unpeasant
he cameacross
a5reaxedand naturaon screen.
enceof expa ningth ngsto
D hehadexper
children.
WhatdoesJakesayabolt the contentof the
progtammeS?
A Helikesto writehisown scrpt in advance.
g ven s accurate
B Heinsststhatanyinformation
intended
as
that t s primariy
C Heaccepts
entertarnment
D HeputsfoMardideasfor possibleocationsand
ac(vrIreS
a babyelephant
Jakefeelsthattheincldentwth
he describes
shows
how cruclalit isto haveexpertgu dance
y.
unpredictab
B howallanimals
canbehave
how braveyouneedto be ln h s ineof work
D howthpbestoilso'acro_can^oloep a_ned
that
6 In termsof hlsfutLrreplans,lakesuqgests
evenmoreextensively.
he hopesto traveL
B he intendsto continuewjth bothof hisjobs
he regretshavingbecomea televison
per5onarry.
hewouldlikeio gan somebroaderwork
experience.
2 What sort o{ persondo you think lake is?
Wouldyou be ableto work with thingslike
insects?
wouldyou
lf you couldmeethim,what questions
askJakeabouthiswork?

LNIT 10

Coseto nature

Snifrer dog earns more than Police Chief

ft'

Kela the police dog is something(0) . Pi....a

star.Her specialtalent is (l) .....-.. .. ableto
locatetiny piecesof evidencethat canlater be
confirmedby torcnsiclests.Ilis an dbiiii) wluch
ha.r(2) ...-..............
her in lhe foreftont of detective I
I
work acrossBritain- IndeedKeela, a 16-monthI
old springerspaniel,hasbecome(3) .....
...........
an
asstto SouthYorkhire Policethat sheended
(4) ..,. ,....eamingmorelastyearthanthe
region'sChiefConstable.

Thoughtto be the (5) ...................

oneof herkind.
Kcelais (6) ......-............
is calleda'scene-of-crime'
policedog,andhersecrel(7) ..................
hersenseof
smell. Shc hasbeentrainedto detectmicroscopic ti
tracesof bloodon weapoos.
no marter(8) . ... ..
f
y
thorougl they havebeencleaned:evenon
clothingwashedsveraltimesin biological

200,000Dog
JOB I crime sceneinvestigation dog
free accommodationand food;
earned S200,000
last year
joined
CAR EE R:
South Yorkshire Police at
12week - few months training
HOBBIE S :chaslngher ta1l,eating

Keela.(9) . .. parentswerealsopolicedogr
joined the force at twelve weeksold and was
quicklyidentified(10) ..
havingrheperfect
tempcmmentfor this kind of work, In situations
( 11) ......
......
......othe. dogsmight bark and
(12) . .........excitedon findingsornerhing.
Keela
hasthe ability lo staycompletelystill and
t
I
pinpoint a preciseareawith her nose.

-.
Msn
9129,000

JOBI Chief Constable

ler Year
!129,000
Promoied to
in 19?91
CABEER:iolned Police
1995'
m
Promoleo
iupetintendent
1909
in
ro chief constable

."-"T'yT
rcckclimbins
HoBBTES:

Use of English: open cloze(Part2)

I
1 L o o ka tth ei nfor mation
aboveaboutapolice
police
dog and a
chiefand answerthe questions.
1 Whydo youthinkthepolcedogearnsmore?
2 Whatspecial
skllsm ghtthedogheve?
2 Readthe texl opposileqLicklyro seeif you were
right.lgnorethe gapsJorthe moment.
2 Readthe text andthink of the word which
bestfit5eachgap.U5eonlyone word '.1eachgap.
Thereisan exampleat the beginni.g(0).

Her uniquetalentsmeanthatKeelais much

(13) ...... .......
dmandby polic forcesacrossthe
counlry,and sheis hired out to them at f530 a
(14) ......
day,plusexpenses.
..........
figuris ten
times that (15) ................
.. an ordinary police dog
might earn,giving her ownersan incomeof
amund9200,000per year.

ll

3 Findwordsor phrases
in the text which
mean:
1 something
of greatvalueto someone
2 to havethe rightcharacter
for somethlng
3 to locatesomething
exactly
4 special
skilswhichothers
dont have
5 verypopularor soughtafter
121

trNIT l1 )

C oset o nat lr e

/t
Grammar2: introductory
,f as preparatorysubject
Spokensentences
are often begunwith a
preparatoryit becausethi5 allowsthe speaker
to placemoreemphasis
on the mostimportant
part of what he or shewantsto say.lt also
soundsverynatural,
Example:
Theheavy
ran madedrlving
d fficult.
,,----\

tha heovy ta:n that ,-1"d" d \ nq dr'{h

]t

^d.

-it

/t enrphas
sesthe heavy/an.
1
1 What is it emphasising
or referringto in ea(h
pairof sentences?
Underline
the information.
1 a)lt waslohnwhocameoutwithme,notlames.
b) lt wasSaturday
that we wentout, not Sunday.
petsareto many
2 a)lts interestng
howimportant
people.
b) ltb amazng whatsomepeope w ll do lor ther
pets.
3 a) tl importantto beawareoi environmenta
issues
b) t'snot unusual
to f nd environmental
issues
on
the front pageof newspapers
nowadays
2 Lookat the pairsof sentences
again.Which
pair isemphasising:
1 an infnitveexpress
on?
2 a c ausebegnnngwth a wh-word?
3 whatcomes
first n ihesenience?
2 Thefollowingsentences
areal,grammatically
correct,but would soundmore naturali{ they
beganwith lt. changeeachone,keepingthe
meaningascloseaspossible
to the original.Then
practise
sayingthe sentence
to a partner
Examplei
Ihat sheshouldbe taldabautit wasessential
t wasessent
a thatsheshoud beto d abolt t
lust to catchs ght of themin the w ld wasa
pr vle g e
It wasa privilegejust ta catchsight af themin the
1 Howeasyt s for naturahabitats
to d sappears
trighten
ng.
It-

Thatmostpeope iee ndifferent

to the fateof
somespec;es
oi animals
isunlkely
It
Forusto haveseena condorln thewid was
thrI ng
ItWhenyoureturnmybookdoesn't
realymatter
It ....- ,
Thatthe conference
w I takep acenextmonth
yesterday.
wasconfirmed
It,
Watch Out!
All sentences
n Engishneeda sublect.
Whenthere
is not an obviousone,usethere n frontof nouns
or nounphrases
and/t n frontof adjectives
and
nounclauses
to provide
a sublect.
Wh ch sentences
arecorrect?
a)lshottoday,
dont youth nk7
b) lt rshoi today,
dont youthinkT
c)There's
a man n thegardenl
d) lt! a nranin thegardenl
p.l96 (9.1)
t: Grammarreference

,t as preparatoryobiect
/t (an be usedbeforethe object of a verb, and
in thi5(ate it is(alleda preparatory
object.
It can follow the patternsbelow.
Subjecuverb/it/in{initive
or .lause
l/find/it/hard
to beievehowmanyendangered
Specres
tnere4rc.
They/made/itlclear
thattheywerefondof animals.
l/hate,love,like/it/whertheysingthat song.
3 /t is missing
in eachof thesesentences.
Put
It in the (orrectplace.
I Shethoughtwasstrange
thathehadn'tcontacted
her
2 Hisheadache
madedifficuh
for h nrto concentrate.
3 Shethoughthadbeena mistake
notto s gn the
coniractifirmediately.
4 I foLrndexct ng that wasaskedto takepart.
5 HisbehavioLJr
mademposs
b e for meto continue
ro worKon n s prolecl.
6 | hate,,!henhesholtsikethat.
7 | love!,.'he'theyhavefireworks
at a party.
p.196(9-2)
,. Grammarreference

L\l T 10 c oseto.a t ! r c

Speaking: soundinginterested

,f + reporting verb
/t is commonwith reportingverb6or with
set phraseswhen the writer want5io
:^^.:r

r^

h6

^hi6dn/6

Example:
/t ls thoughtthat wateronceexlstedon Mars.
4 Rewritethesesentences
usingthe corred
form oJ the word in brackets.
1 lvlanypeope be evethat globawarmrngis
(thlnk)
causedby humanactivity.
2 Theevidence
seems
to showthat world
rc , , pc d L ! , E r . , E | > ,,9

\d p PEd ' l

3 [/]ostpeopleknowthat we shoud recye

possible(commor)
wherever
4 Theevidence
suggests
that therearemany
(seem)
species
on the vergeo'fextinction.
5 Work with a partner Someof these
sentences
containa mistakewith lt. Findthe
mistakes
and correctthem.
1 cannotbearit to seepeople
beingcruelto
an TIlas.

rrwhenpeope g \e herp.esenr.
2 SFeloves
3 f nd lt interest
ng to hearyouta k aboutyour
n
experiencethejungle.
4 Hemadeobvlous
to everyone
that hewasnot
v6r]
^!^

fh6
^

6ri
^r

5 'l eaveit to youio chooset the film we

watch.
6 I knew t that theywereunhappy
aboutthe
plan.
7 Theyowe it to usto be honestabouttheir
feeings
8 lt waslameswhogavemea lft lastweek

Other patternswith ,?

1
J

1 Lirt"nto t*o p"opletalkingaboutzoosand

answerthe questions,
1 Whichonesoundsthe rrostinvovedn whattheyare
saying?
2 Whichonedoesn'tsoundveryinterested?
3 Howdidyou decide?
4 Whatetfectdoesthe attitudeof the speaker
haveon
the listener?
2 Which of the following statementsare true?
Toinvolvea partnerin a conversation
. it isalwaysnecessary
to d sagree
with them
. r rsd goodrdedto a(l ther 'or ther-opr_ro'r
. it isn'ta goodideato usequeston tags
. it is importanlto answerusinqmorethanoneor two
words
. Intonation
rr rmpo'lant
to q vea goodnpression
. youshouldtalka lot
2 Whichof the followingphrases
are engaging?
Whichare off-putting?Trysayingthem to a partner
and seewhat they think.
That3reallyinteresting
- te I me more.
Do youthinkso?
No.I dont really
rs...
agree
- b-t wqatI rtri_|.
I suppose
so.
I totallyagree- andwhatsmore...
A goodpoint- itb absolutely
1ruethat ...
the followingque5tion
with a partner:
3 Discuss
Doyou think that zooshavea placein modernsaciety?
I Begn lhe(onvpr\afro.
bv e<o'e!!
ngVou'vrew1 o
Doreoway.
2 Thenchangeto be moreinterested.
3 Finalychange
to soundinterested,
engaged
and

Thereare someset expressions

with it,
these
6 Workwith a partne.Complete
gerlen(es
with yourown ideas.Thenexplain
yourSentences
to your partner
t'sreay vitathat .. because
.
t5 exctingwhen. . as...
t! realywodh...s nce ..
t'softensaidthat...but th nk
taket thal...as. .

4 Discuss
thesequestions.lry to sound
interested,and to engageyour partnerin the
1 Doesit reallymatterif someanimalsbecomeextnct?
people
2 Howcanordlnary
hep endangered
animals?
generat
have
3 Dowe
a responslbllty
to future
ons?
4 Whatcanwe learnfromstudyinganimalst

UNIT 10

C osto nallre

Vocabulary:phrasa
I verbsand
compouno
nouns
Phrasafverbs with up and down
1
'| Lookat theseshorttextscontainingphrasalverbs
with up or down. Completeeachgap usingthe
correctform of a verb from the boxes.
keep

make

irdy

3 Sorry| won't beloiningyoutonight,Carlo

havefriendscomingat the weekend,
so I'vegot
to ...
up the flat to get readyfor theml'veleftthingsall overthe floor Thewhole
placeneeds.........
......up,thoughreallylshould
..... it up completely
- redecorate
everywhere.
Nevermind it'll haveto do for
now andtheyprobably
won't m nd too muchl

catch

1 wenl on a tourof the widlifeparkbut I couldn't

.......... upwth thegroup- in fact,I gotsofar
behnd that I wasa bit worriedI mightget lost!ltried
to .......... up with them,but whenever
I thoughtI
had .......... up enoughgroundtheymovedaway
before actualyreached
them.Finally,
the guidesaw
me,andstopped.

liven speed speak

4
Woman: Pete- thisis a terribleconnecton
cantreallvqea.yo-.Co-ldyou...... ...
upa bit?
Man:
Canyou hearme now? 'm try ng to te
youthatl'm goingto belate- mytran
s stuckoutside
Birmingham
andunless
It ...........
....up a bit, I won't maket
beforenine.
Woman: Don'tworry- the partywi I onlyjust be
.......
.. up by thenl We'llsavesome
foodfor you- justget heTeassoonas
youcan.
die

cam
2
Manl

Ivlan:

124

cut

narTow

Theplanetisin dangerl
Weallhaveto
............
. downon carbonemissions
andrecycle
morellWehaveto do it nowl
. ...........
. down,lames don'tpanicso muchl
'nTsuret's not asserioLrs
asyouthink- and
anyvvay
whatcanwe reallydo aboutit?
t's no wonderthe planet3in troubleif
everyone
takesthat attitudelTheretplenty
we cando experuhave..................
it downto a
few keythings likerecycling.
That'swhy I
get so depressed
thinkingaboutit - we can
almakeadifferencel

close sette

track

5 Following
fierceprotests
fromanmalrights
(ampaigners,
the localzoohasbeen. ......
.....
downwhileallegatlons
of cruetyto theanmals
areinvestigated
Polcehaveranageoto.. ........
downvideoevidence
wr chw ll bep esented
af a
counhearingnexiweek.Theyhaveappealed
tor
proteste6
to ......
......
...down,andkeepawayfrorn
the co!rt at thistime,to allowthe strongfeeings
already
fueledoy lhederonstraronsto . .. ...
2 Now matcheachtext to the general
meaningof up or dow, commonto al
the phrasalverbsin that text.
A indicales
a difference
in sze or intensity
B ndicates
that somethng s beng improved
or
prepareo
C ndicates
thoroughness
or completeness,
and
usualyof endng or change
D rndicates
that someone
is movingclosertc
Someone
e 5e
E indicates
an increase
ln quanttyor ntensty

LNIT t0

2 Complete
the fo lowingsentences
with the
correctmissingparticle:
up or doevn.
(
I ol.l
mF 1F n
l. r r c..^/ . I .g
^l: ((
^ frp^
2 lts too hotto go out now et'r!\ratuntllater
when t mighthavecooled
a bi
I Before
hecouldsel hiso d carhehadto touch
theSctatches
to mprovets appearance
4 James
s d ed .
. . to Janeandwh speredto het
5 Thebuld ng hadbeenburning
steadiy
for an frour
y thef amesf ared.. ... ..andlt
whensudden
started
to colapse.
1. .rb l o .ts r" rn . md d e n e

a D. ', '" ar -

lu m p
7 Thezoo'sdebtsweremounting.. .. . 50the
ownersbeganookng for officialsponsors
8 Theoriginaaft c e wastoo graphc in ts detaI so
the editorwatered1
beforcpublication.

Coseto nature

Writing: report (Part1)

I

Lookat the followingPart'1task.

Yourschoolis planningto run a special

event
calledWorldAwareness
Day.Theprincipalhas
askedyou to write a report on the bestway to
approach
thisand whatto include,basedon
(ompletedby students.
questionnaires
Readthe extractsfrom the questionnaires,
and
the soggestedtimetablefor the day.Write a
reportfor the principaloutliningthe situation
and makingre(ommendations
for what 5hould
be includedand when,givingreasons.
Writeyourreportin180-220
words.

Compoundnounsformed from verbs

3 Whichtwo of thesesentences
are possible?
I Theraindownpoured
n theafternoon.
2 Therainpoured
downin theafternoon.
3 There
wasa downpour
in theafternoon.
pourdown
4 There
wasa
n theafternoon.
4 Complete
the followingsentences
with a
compoundnounmade{romthe word in aapitals
anda particlefrom the box.
up

oown

our

DacK away

Fineslor httet- moneyused

fot recv.tnd
scnoot Ltentwitthavca,orS.,ast;iq
e,fZ:,!
,-

gameinslead!
Wasteot time Let's have a football

The relationshp betweenthe two groupshad

suJfereda complete
BREAK
Sheslffered a bad stomach. .. after eating
somecontaffrinated
food. sET
ike gett ng
on rny homework- it's
usefulevenif not a waysgoodl FEED
've got far too much stuff n my f at
needto
havea compete ..
CLEAR
can'tbe bothered
to cookton ght - etl get a
-hp n' ,a 4

(.tra .F.

F a a

. on

re

ma n sponsorpu ledolt SET

Therewas a great
ior the .ock concert,
ncludng the country!nLrr-rber
one3 noea LINE
-ha _orpan/s' o Le
.'Ec . c.
afterthe charmanresgned TURN
Theschoolleaverwa ted arx c-r r :: ':dr the
. .... of hs frstlob n:er.a.. COME
t 0 somepeope canchanqe:_: ' ::::, r: :_a
developa whole ne!\,
:_ ': LooK

Sponsoran animal- euteone likea polar

bear - that'd be lun!

d.t

a?

-->**./^^

125

t NIT 10

C oseto nature

2 Now look at the threeplansthat were

written by studentslo answerthe task.
Whichplando you think is best?Why?

'1 Readthe first part of a sampleanswerbelow

Which plan does it follow?

PlanA

2
.
.
.

questids ah/ anserg

| $M!
2 Anallsisof arewrs
3 Pfoblens unc@red \ suM!
r1 Sussestionsfo. tlE da!

Tlis rep6! dill a*ss 6ugsestions @de \ srdehl. {o. a Wod/

A-r"**
Day in {lE shool, and dke rconneidariois L. uha{
shoulA be incluled in tlE da!.

P lan B

I
2
5
4
-\

tI

Raaro^ {D. !.it''g

< u- v e/ . e,^ 1 ,
RecoMle'datio^t for the day
C6^duriD^
'?*

/\-F-:.,s-.'F-

I
I
I
--..a..'q4-4r

PlanC

I I^Lrodl)cLlon
z l^fo(6aLlo^
+

Suggestlo..e

abolrL ^vlrol\*^Lql
or Lhe dqg

TIE p.op.*d
Rehru.intins

*J

5 UCClnCI|y

lse adlectves
andadverbs
for effect
.. .. usebu et pontswhereappropriate
.
incudea I thewordsfromtheinput
TEXIS

8
9
10
' ll

126

sugs*rid
@rc @llaGd f.on gus{ionnaires .onplete/ b!
80 pr cent of studen&. rMosr @. keen ro suppo.{ rhe da!,
a|lho{4i s@ fe|l llut ir uouu be @te* dn/ prefemed a
s?dli.g dctivir!
& a {@thall
Sqse.r'o.s d,.
"eh
'dtcr
,livi&! i.{o .ecmnent.ti.ns
for lE da!, ed ides {hat oould
jq an $e.l
ih tfe lons-te.n. IJe fortrr
irclu!d a se+ariar
lL4h, fil6 dJ leciures e llut peoptecoutd be inforred, and
ctelring up rirle. ii lfz <lDor grouids. Anons tl nost popuhr
ldts-Grn id!& wre pfoviJihgrec!.li bi6 for llE *lE l,
bri.glns i. people fron oiher <hools ei thoush lhi6 udU haw
a k|Ek-g
effe.l on t}E uhoe .adunil!,
and .l* sponsorirg

.-"1

3 Hereissomeadviceaboutwritinga
reportin Paper2, Part1. Do you 'thinkthe
adviceshouldbe'do' or'don't'?
. beqinby statng the purpose
of the
reporr
g ven nlormat
. . summarise
on
l

How hasthe writer dealt with the input?

Includedeven^hn9 n the orderg ven
usedthe samewords
groupednput ideaslnto logicalgroups

. . . d v de the reportnto sections

wlth
headngst approprate
.
... deveop deasintask
nputwithyour
own oerats
usean rnpersonal
sem-formal/forma
stye
.. g ve Yourown oPn on throughout
useapproprate
Inkingwords
usea the nformaton fromthe lnput

line{able he {@ sloG f.r .clivities.

fo. Gins l}E a l&.{eJ liha
are

1 Workwith a partnerDiscuss
howto dealwith the
recommendalions,
and how theyshouldbe
g'oupedIn the time5lots.Thinkaboul
. howmanyrecommendat
onsyousholldmake,g ven
the1meconstra
nts
. whetheranysuggestions
are!q! usefufor the day
. whatactivit
escouldhappen
at thesametime
. when ectures
wou d be mostacceptable
andeffectve
. whenoutsrde
workshould
bedone
2 Discuss
the approach
to takein the report.Should
you usebulletpointsor text?Whereshouldyou
incudeyourown opinion?
3 Nowcompiete
the taskwith yourown ideas.
yourwork with a partner.Givefeedback
4 Exchange
usingthe advl(efrom Exercise
3.
6 Lookat the taskon page192.Writeyourown
answerto the task,usingthe approach
aboveasa
model.
,r Writing referencepp. 206,207

t \ I r' 6-70

Progress
test

Use of English:multiple-choice
cloze(Part1)
1 Forquestions
1-12,readthe text belowand decidewhichanswer
(A, B,C or D) bestflts eachgap.Therei5an exampleat the beginning(0).
Happ] ro beaverage
At a dimer parly I was at reccntl). con\ crsation$as (0) ....6..... fever pitch. A $oup
ofvery bodng parenlswcrc (1)
abour.jusrhow cxceprionaltheir children were.
'Liide Rosic was waiking almost before she was bom.'said one.'That s nothingl Little
Bobby wns using conditbnal teDsesat thineen monthsmd was even(2) .. .......
.....his
molhq,'said anolhcr.
TheDcamethe (3) .. .... . ofa woman who had. until then. chosento (4)
...
silent.What (5) ... .... .. was hcr child bringing into ihe world? The lable hushedas shc
spoke.'Well. Theo's cntircly avcragc. shc sa;d.'Bul I hve him.'
How brave she was to value the average,therebyelevat;ngit to lhe extit$dinary. The
ift)nic thing, (6) . .. . . ,was tlat the resl ofthe d;.nerguesls then stancd bcompete
rll over rgrxr, sayingthat actuallytheir child was (7)
more averagerhanhers
because,etc.,etc. lt mademe (8) ... ... . lhal being confidenl enoughto say you are
(9) . .... ... thal you're actually anythingbul.
entircly ayera-se
Thc world is full of srperlstives.We ha\e become(10)
1oelcrything being
ncw, brilliant. lirbubus. the lrtest or lhe besrever.So lnilch so rhnt $'e too (l l)
..
rAlking likc the adverliserswho are alwrys lelling us rhal $ings are glamoroN, fairyr"rle,glittefing lrnd wonderful.I'm surethal l m nol (12)
in feeling very tncd
ol i t a l l .

OA
1A
2A
3A
4A
5A
6A
7A
8A
9
10
11
12

reachng
apprau0rng
arrenn9
aitempt
Temain
grlts

g rasng
B pralsing

amending

D making
D complimentlng
D revising

turn

Dt r y

C boasting

B correctinq
C
B 90
C
B repose
C
B donatrons C
therefore
B eventhough C
effectively
B considerably C
peTcelve
B magrne
C
means
B tels
acknowledgedB accepted
C
fal back
B coanedown C
ndvidua
B unque
C

D
presents
D
nonetheless D
eventually
D
realise
D
D
accustomed D
get round
D
single
D
rest

resist
contributions
of course
constructively
suppose
points
acquainted
endup
lonely

127

ITNITS 6-10

ProSress
test

Use of English: open cloze(Part2)

2 For questions 13-27, read the text below and think of the word which best fits
each gap. Useonly one word in eachgap. Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0).
Savethe rhinos
TheSavetheRhinoTrusi(SRT)islocated(0)..i4..thenonhwesrofNamibia,farawayfrolnthe
country'sfaming heartland.Its
causeis a blackrhinosrjbspecies
commontyknown(13) .. . . the
'desert-adapted'rhino,aheftybeastihattrotsuphilisidestoescape(r4)...........worstofrheheat.
drinksonly everythird(15) .
. founhdayandeatsplants(16) .........
.........
sapis poisonous
ro man.
Thesefellowsarenothingif (17) . .... ....survivors.
By theearly1980s,poachers
hadnearlywipedthem(r8) ........
......
. . Somehuntersevenshotthemf.om
(20) .......
heljcopters
.......rheirlowestpojnt,there
- (19) ......... . muchfor norionsof sponsmanship.
wereperhaps
55 individualslefl blt a recentcenslsestimated
abour130.Thatmightseema
(21)
spectacular
tumaround
. .. it needsto be viewedagainstan overallfall in Africa'sblackrhino
populatiorof around90 pet cent(zz).
......1960.
ln searchof theseelusiveanimals,Ihadcometo the Palmwagconcession
- a formerfarm(23) . .... .....
lhe landhadorjginallybeentamedby (24) ......
........rid of all therhino.Now,lhereh a magnificent
area
(25) .. ... .....asidefor considerate
of wilderness
Iourism,gamedrivesandthSRTbase.This yeark
panicularlywet rainyseason
meantrherhinowereharderto find.Therewas(26) ... ........a lot of water
aroundthat(27) ...........of keepingcloseto perennial
springs,rherhinowerewandering
far andwide,
enjoyinga spellofrich andplenty.We wereforcedto do fie same.

Use of English: word formation (Part3)

3 for questions28-37,readthe text below.Usethe word given in (apitalsat
the end of someof the linesto form a word that fits in the oao in the sameline.
Thereis an exampleat the beginning(0).
Working at a theme park

128

working as a Personal(0) 499-l9.left..(PA) at a themepark can be

a lot of fun.It canoffera varjedroleanda friendlyteamwork
(28) . ......... to SuzyBaineswho hasworkedat one
almospherc,
olthe largestin Englandfor fifteenyears.Suzyis now PAto
tlrethemepark'sHeadof (29) . ......... . As shesays,in herjob,
no two daysarethe same.
else it reallyis so much
'I can'timagineworkinganywhere
(30) .
tnn.AparilrornPAduties,Iorganise
andthe
(31) . ........... our staffmakeat them,andtaketheminutesin
meetings.
The staffherearea (32) ................
bunch.andso I get
involvedin theplanningofnew attactions.But my mainjob
is to actasa (33) . . .. . I producea weeklynews-sheet
for
staffto keepthemup-to-date
with an thelatest(34) ..........
.....
We havearound550 permanentstaff and a fuflher 1,300work
hereon a (35) ... .... .....basisduring ihe surnrnerrnonths.
The peoplehereare sll like family ald everybody(36)
caresabonteverybodyelsc.But ifyou're hayinga (37)
day andrhingsare gettingon top of you, theret no bettercure
rlanlearirse!er\rhinszrd sornsfor u fldeon a rollercoasler!'

ASSIST
ACCORD
MARKET

CONFER
PRESENT
CREATE
COMMUNICATE
DEVELOP
5EA5ON
GENUINE
FRUSTRATE

L\ITS 6-10

Use of English: gappedsentences

Proqress
ten

(Part4)

Use of English: keyword

(Part5)
transformations

4 For questions 38-42, think of one word only

which can be usedappropriatelyin allthree
sentences.
Here is an example(0).
Exampl:
womanandpeoplef nd
0 N.om s a vefyapproachable
her. P,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,i.eJ
to ta k to

5 For questions 43-50, (omplete the second

sentenceso that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence,using the word given. Do not
chang the word given. You must use between
three and six words including the word given,
Here is an example (0)-

Nlygrandmother
th nksthat I havea very.e?J Ilfe
compared
to herexperence
of beng a teenage(
Its ....r,?,5J..
to seewhyso manypeoplesupportthe local
teamwho havedonesowe n receftseasons.
38 -o_ a-d A-gea we'ed sappo,rted_ot to 'ecerve
a
Theco ege s drawingup a ,..,... .....
of rules.egading
lrtes1rheibra'v.
t'e Jseo'rl'e conputer'ac
Esahasbeenco ectn9 Starlr'lars
iiglrinesfor 12
yea6,andneedsonemorerarefigureto competethe
39 Assdles(o_ri. -edto dc ,re,Ddtck hod10 . ... ..
but to cosedownihe buslnss.
At the newrhoppingcentre,clnomelswill finda wide
. .... ....of goodson dispay.
Aihough5a y GreenwoLildhavebeenPauis
panelhad
for thelob,othermembers
of the nterview
40 Sodidyou.. ,,.. ,,...anyconclusions
onceyoud
yourresearch
nto the issue?
completed
.....
People
don'tneedto earnhowto ,..........
thesedays
asrnostdesrgns
canbecreateo
on a computer
Todecidewho hadwon f rstprze,the organisers
of
thecompetton
decided
1o......
,.....thenamesoutofa
naI.
41 Tom's
storyabouithe dogwasratherboringandfailed

to ............
...the groupsatinfon.
We d dn't takethe caron ho dayasihe bootwasn't
argeenoughto ... .........a] our lugqage
Cl. r cewerl on to .. ..........a numberof responsibLe
postionsin th company
beforeherrctiremeni
in
2005.
42 My c othsfeelvery . .. . . sinceI ostweiqht.
Lhadto paylor the cupof coffeewith a f20 note
hp.:'

.p I rli.l^ I h:!p

).!

xample:
0 The1!vofriendswercsittingon therrown ookingat a
computer
screen.FRONT
Thetwo fiends weresitting by . !.henPa-l.v.ae..!ILlpt1"|9l
a compulerscreen
43 lthink it would'vebeenniceto havehadan oder
sisterWISH
| ............._
......................
........
an older5ster
44 Thecarreallyneedscleaning.TIME
It3 high................................................
ceaned.
45 lwasjustaboutto sendyouanemailwith
allthe
information.
POINT
I was.................,,.....,,....
,...,.....
,,,.youan ernailw th a th
46 Raymond
isobsessed
with bLrying
footballmemoraba
on the Internel.BECOME
Buyingfootballmemorabilia
on the nternet
.........
.,.............
.......................
for Raymond.
4? 'Havingchildrcnchanged
my Life,'sad Mo y. WHICH
I/ollysad that it .........
...................
...............
hef life.
rl8 Lotsof people
thinkthatglobalwarmng hasbeer

exaggerated
bythe media.WIDELY
Globalwarming
is ...........
.................
...........
. exaggerated
bythe media
49 Thesunwasso nrcngihai walkingacross
the sand
dunesbe.ameexhausting.
STRENGTH
It was ......-.........
.........
..........
.......
.. madewa kinqacrosrihe
sanddunessoexhausting.
50 'l rcckonyoushouldturn left here,'said
the od man
we'd askedfor directions.
ADVISED
Theold manwe'd askedfor directons
. a leftturn there.

.h:n^6

The tte girlhadhada ............toothfor sorneweeks.

andon Frdayeveningt f ndly camout

129

UNIT

77

Always
onmymind

Grammar 1: modalverbs2
I
1 Readthrough
thetext below Whichpersonis describing:
a) theearestmemory?
b) an rmpossrb
e ncident?
c) an eventthatco! d havehadserols resllts?
d) a famlyceebraton?

EA B T I E SM
I E M OB IE S

2 Underline
ten examples
of modal
verbsin the pastform in the text.
Matchthemto the 'followinguses:
Possibiity

Logical
deductonl
Obligaton/necesslty:
Advce (weakoblgation):
Perrn55on:
Abi ty

Julie

lremember
sitting
onmygrandmothe^
lapfora
birtlday,lhink
itwas
mine
becausetheytold
melcould
blowoutthecandles
andlkindotknew
qLrile
theconcepiof
it butdidn'tknow
howtodoit lmembercrying
whenoneofmycoosins
Anylvay,
eventually
hadtoblowouthe candles.

Grammarreferen(ep.196(10)

2 Complete
the sentences
usinga
past
modal
verb
from
Exer(ise
1.
whenltoldmymotherthls,she
have@membered
saidlcouldn'l
it
possible.
Sometimes
two
answers
are
because
I wasonlymysecond
blrthday,
butI'msureld0.
1 thinkmyearlest
memory
iswhenmy
Helen
itt e brother
wasborn,andI crled
I was0nholiday
attheseaside.
l wentdowntolheedgeoflheseato
because
wanteda I ttles ster- butI'm
pay,thenwhenllookedbacklcouldn't
seemylamily.
SoI
notsuref actualyremember
t,
wandered
along
ihebeach
looking
torthem.lwalked
andwalked
/
.. . rernembered
heafnq
ior a longllme,butI don'1
renember
leeling
sca@d
oranylhinq.
n y parents
tel the story.
Thenanoldcouple
foundfireandtookmebacklo lheirhome
2 wasplaying
withsomeone
n the
andgavemesomelhing
toeat.Then
evenluallyihey
called
the
g a rd e n t
/
.b e e n m y
police-which
they0u0ht
t0have
done
inthelilstplace,
oi
younger
s ster,because
she5 f veyears
course
carne
tocollect
me.They
must
- andmyparcnts
ihanme
have
been
incredlbly
woried
lostforfour
houfs.
- l'dbeen
3 Myfathersays
whenhewaslttle he
hadto asklf he .. .. leave
thetable
tan
aftermeas,andhewasn'talowedto
Ofeoi myearliest
mefiories,
Jromwhenlwasabortfour,isseeinq
unesshe'df n sheda I h s food
a spedboal
raceacross
a moonlil
slq.Honest,
it'sthelein my
4 got ntotroube withmygrandfather
mind's
eyeandlcanevenremember
thinkinq
'That's
weird'atihe
onceoecause
ne gavemesomemoney
tifie.I suppose
it can'ihavehappened.
People
sayii mighthave
andI lostt - hesaid .......been
beena dam butl m surel remember
it.
morecarelu.
junrpedntoa swmmng
5 remember
Gary
pooloncewhenI wasjustsix,andI
gmndmother
Myeighty-yearold
oncetold
methatshecouldquile
y t waslust
. .. ...swim,butfortunate
clearly
remember
belngborniShedescribed
lhelraumalic
expefience
iheshalowendso wasOK.
ol suddenly
beinqsunounded
bybrightliqhtand
loudvoices'like
6 My mothersaysthat when wast ny
soflteone
lumingthev0lume
rightuponthetelevision'.
Shealso
shewentshopping
wth me n my
remernbered
thatlateronsheteltcalmandsettled
andsaidihat
cushchair
and eft m-^outside
a shop
gaveherto hermother
thisrnayhavebeenasthenurse
to holdin
andd dn'tremember
unti shegot
heIaTms.
rorne- she. ..
runal theway
cack

I \IT rl

Vocabulary I

Expressions
with mind and brain(s)

Expressions
with take
I
'I Complete
by matching
the shortdialogues
below
eachSentence
to a responSe
1 t wasa longtime beforehe coud takeit all in
andunderstand
whatpeople
weretelingh m
2 Theclasstookto the newteacherthe moment
shewa ked nto the c assroom.
3 Youcan'ttakeanyoneelseon - the budget
lustwon t standt.
4 Youcopeso well- you a waystakeeverything
InyouTstr0e.
5 Sonretimes
it! easyto takeadvantage
of
p e o p a. ec pe. dlly v \h e n i h e v d ' e ' a l h e r n d rv e

6 | thinkthe bossrealytakesmefor granted

sometimes
- he neverthanksmefor the work
ldo
7 Theshowwasamazingit realytookmy
breathaway.
8 Running
thedepartment
s ngle-handed
ishard
work- itl takena lot out of youandyouneed
to watchyourhealth.
9 lf youfeelbadaboutwhatshesaid,thentake
it upwth her- don'tletlt go.
10 Whenheto d meaboutthejob I tookit asan
offer,but in facthe wasjusttalkingin general
termsandl'd gotthewrongendof thestick.
a) That's
true,bLrtlts justa caseof doingwhats
rightandnotaskngtoo mLrch
of them.
b) | realise
that - l'l be carefulnot to overdoit and
getrl.
c) | th nk everyone
fe t the same- she'sso
. hiri(m f , r .

i^r]

6r.v

A w ayson mym ind

r^

iL 6

d) We , perhaps
theyjustweren'texplain
ng the
stuaton clearly
enough.
e) know- we can'trealyaffordto paythe staff
we ve got a ready
'\ 50)o, n s,rderioodwharhpwassayi_g
that'sa shamel
g) Thanks I do try not to maketh ngsmore
difficut thantheyafe.
J6el _( nor1i.e
' ' \oL sroud teI l'ir' ov\
to feelunapprec
atedat work
'oI know 've neverseenantthingike t. lt was
fantasticl
You're
r ght- ' I speak
to heraboutt in the
rnornnq.
Nowtell a partnerwhatyoLrthinkthe
highlighted
mean.
expressions

2
'l Completethe sentencesusingthe correctform of
expressions
from the box.
speak(your)mind
take(your)mindoff something
out of (your)mind
readsomeone3
mind
put (your)mindat rest
ahaege{teurffi
makeup (your)mind
havesomething
on the brain
pick(someones)
brains
rack(your)brains
Example:
sheneversticksto whatshsay5- shel always
. eten6i.!1s..t.e.
atli!14 .
I lwish hewoulddecldewhat hewantsto do - he can
never .........
........
2 l'vegot an essay
to writeon psychology,
andyo!
knowa lot aboutit can| ... ................ t'orsome
ideas?
3 Youseemto havea lot of problems
- why don'tyou
cometo the cinemato stopyo! th nkingtoo muchit will . ...
.........yourd ff cultesfor a whi e.
4 That3a crazythingto sLrggest
- thinkyou mustbe
to thinklt woud workL
5 | downloaded
that tunelastweekand now I can't
stopsinginglt - l've...
6 You'vethoughtof exactiythe sameideaas did- you
musthave.. ......
...........
.....1
7 lf youareworriedaboutthe situation,
thenyou'11
haveto tell someone
- don't be afrad to
andtel themhowyoufee.
8 lf you go andspeakto a doctor,thenhe canreassure
youaboulyour(on(erns- he (a1 . ................
9 Hehadno ideawhatto do,andspenta longtime
rn,i nn r^ i hi ^L

^l

r (^1, ri ^n

2 Nowtell a partnerwhat you thinkthe

expressions
in the box mean.

.
.
.
.
.
.

3 Tell a partnerabout a time:

something
tookyourbreathaway
something
tooka lot out of you
youchanged
yourmind
you rackedyourbrainsaboutsomethng
youspokeyourrnind
you readsomeone!mind.
131

UNIT 11 Alwa)son mymlnd

Exam focus
Paper1 Reading:multiple choice(Part3)
About the exam:In Pdper1, Part 3, you redd a
Iongtext and then answersevenfour-option
questions
multiple-(hoi(e
whichtestyoul
detailedunderstanding
of the mainideasin the
text, as well asthe attitude and opinion of the
writer.The questionsfollow the order of the text
and mayfocuson the meaningof whole
paragraphs,on pointsof detail or the useof
particular
expressions,
Suggertedpro(edure
1 Readthe taskrubric,headingand anysubheadings
1oseethe typeol text you are going
to readand something
aboutthe topi(.
2 Skimthe text quicklyto get a generalideaof
what it is about and how it is organised.Think
about the maintopic of eachparagraph.
3 Lookat eachquestionstem,but not at the
optionsfor the moment.Markthe partof the
text whereyou expectto find the answerto
eachof the questions.
4 Now readthe text carefully.When you reacha
partyou havemarked,lookatthe question
stemandthe optionsand decidewhichof
them iscorred.
1 You are going to read a magazinearticle
about memory.Forquestions1-7, choosethe
answer(A, B, C or D) which you think ljts best
accordingto the text,
'| Whatdoesthe wrlterimplyaboutthe singerTori
Amos?
A Sheis not alonein suffering
from unexpected
lapses
of memory.
B shecouldgiveno explanation
for hersudden
tossoTmemoty,
c Sheis morethanusuallyproneto short-term
memoryloss.
D Shemayhaveforgottenherlinesasthe resultof
an t llne5 5 .

2 Thewritermentions
two of herfriendsin the
contextof short-term
memorylossin orderto
A showhow d fferentpeoplereactto it.
B illustrate
how prevaent it currently
is.
C demonstrate
how embarrassing
it canbe.
D underinehow it atfectspeoplein difJerent
ways.

:r'r,rit:t,
liliiilj

In the thirdparagraph,
the writersuggests
that
A therearewaysof improving
someone!memory
B peoplewill needtheirmemories
lessn the
tut!re.
C technology
hasincreased
our potenta memory
toao.
D our brainsaregoodat pfioritising
whatto
remembeL
ThewriterquotesDr Larrylacobyto helpexplain
why in socialsituations
A peopleoftenfail to remember
the detals of
lon9anecdotes.
B peopletendnot to payc oseattentlonto what
ornersaresayrng,
c peopledon'trealise
whenothersarenot realy
listening
to them.
D peoplemayforgetwho it istheyhaveto d a
n:di.'

l:r d^^,

r^ haf^ra

In the fifth paragraph,

the writer
A acknowledges
the truth behinda pop!larbeief.
B admitsthat shemakeslttle effortto recal
certaindetails.
C accepts
that hershort-term
memoryis boundto
detenorate.
D agrees
with the suqgestion
that memoryloss
maybe avoidable.
5 Thephrase'to
thisend'(lne78)refers
to
A preventing
short-term
memoryoss.
B understanding
ourselves
better.
C remembering
thingsin detail.
D improving
social
sklls.
7 Whatdoesthe writersuggestaboutthe event
calledStopthe C/ock?
A Muchof it wasaboutmemoryratherthanthe
perception
o{ time.
B lt did not realyaddress
importantssues
to do
wrm memory
C Partof it wasof paarlcu
ar relevance
to her
professionally.
D ll washardto givethediscuss
o r re- '-,,
concentration.
r'2 Do you havea goodmemory?
Whatthings
do you find easyor difficult to remember?Why?

Whereis rnymind?
A i a IFrFnr .on.en -n t-o. .dreel^.. lhF -jnger Tori
fa,emo'
a' midua) duoun her h;t song l'l lrlpr
'
\\h Fn , .udder ! . : nc x p l i .a b .i . ,h p ro rEo t th e l y ri ,s

Rather than warblins on about tues burnins and llowers

competing for the sun as her eagerfans \rre expecting,
shestoppedin her tracksand startedsingingabouthow
tired she was feelins.Amos,it seems.had becomethe
latestvictim of ihe shortterm memory-loss
epidemic.
Ii's a particularly modcrn affliction. We are fast
becoming the amnesia generation. plunged by the ever
increasinspace of our lives into a fos of retold
" n e cd o r os ,

los r

inJ o rma ri o n a n d

mi ,s p d

appointments. I was driving through

Londonin a friend'scar recentlywhenthe
heavenssuddenlyopened.'Oh dearl'my
friend screamed,helplesslycranking
various buttons and ievers. 'l can't
rememberhow the windscreenwipers
work.' Another friend managedto
cruise through town for a full forty.
five minutes beibrerealjsing that all
thosepeoplewere not, in fact, waving

andpointingat her newhaircut,but at

the briefcase
that shehad left balanced
ontheroof of hercar.
AII the evidenceis that our memories
aren't what they usedto be, Indeed,in a recent
report, the tlink tank Demospredictsthat we could
with
becomea societyof memory havesand have-nots,
only those who can afford to pay for costly brainenhancementtreatmentsgettingthe best opportunities
in I'fe, from exam passesto the boajdroom. But are our
memoriesgettingworse,or is it just that we don't care
enough to remember?we are bombardedwilh so much
more information than previous generations.ln days
goneby,you might haveknown only thirty peoplein your
entire lifetime. Now you probably talk to tlirty new
peoplein a singledayThat'sa lot moreto rememberAnd
technologyhasn't helped.we no ionger dial numberq ive
just pressakey we don't needto rememberbirthdaysor
anniversariesor the times of importantmeetingswhen
we have softwareto beep at us, and our brains have
adaptedaccordinsly

But some erlefis thinl tlere is anot]rcr reason why

we forEet the details of social conversations-Oftn, we as
dont rcmember things becausew're not listening.
Instead,we re tuning in to our inner dialogue,the one
that's going Doesthis shirt look OK?' o! even more
distmcting, wlat am I going to say next?' Another
hazard of social memory loss is unwittingly retelling the 50
same anecdote to the same audince on different
occasionsThere is, apparentlya reasonfor this. 'Two
processesare at work when we tell an anecdote,'saysDr
Larry Jacobyat the Universityof St Louis. 'The
frrcl ls rhe sheerfamiliariry ol rhe tale,buift 5s
up over many tellings. This makes it all too
likely to swim into our consciousness.
The secondis the rccall ol whetheryou
havetold this group this story before.
As long as that works, you will not 60
borc them with it again. But recall
dependson well-functioningfrontal
It used to b widely ihoughi that
shorfterm memory worsenedwith age, 65
while long{erm memory got sharpex
This would certainly explain why I can
remembr the songs my mother pla!d
when I was growing up, but cannotrecall th
name of our new neighbolrx Alas, the memory 70
expertsaren't preparedto let us off soeasily 'Memory is
a muscle.Useit or loseit,' advisesexpert RobertAllen, for
example,and he would seemto havea point.
Of course,mmory is not just about remembering
namesor wherewe put the kys.lt is aboutwho we are. 75
If we can't even remembI the details of what we said
and to whom, then how can we possibly hope to make
sense of our lives? To this end, London's Soutlbank
Centrerecently stagedSropt,te Clock,a month long event
devotedto the perception of time. During the event, the 30
Dutch thinker and memory guru Douwe Draaisma led a
discussion looking at why we remember certain things
and not others, and the impact of memory on writers. lt
was very ilought provoking, apparendy and I had fu]]y
intended to go. But when it came to lt, I was so 3s
preoccupiedwith other things that it slipped my mind.

Matchthe followingverbsto a word or phrase

to form a commonexpression
usedln the text.
to stop to slp
t o s w m to d a

to press
tote

iamilarrly
wth someth
ng a number
someone
off easiy in hertracks my m nd
i_loourcons(o-s_ess d l,
a eLdoter
2 Whichof the expressions
means:a) to forget
b) to get to knowsomething?
133

tr\IT

1l

Alwa y son m y n nd

Use of English1: multiple-choice

cloze(Part1)
1
I

ni(/',((

rh6(6

1
.
.
.
2

Howeasydoyoufindit to concentrate:
whenyo!'redoinghomework?
whenyou'rewatchng a fimT
on yourmind?
whenyouve gotsomething
Howlongcanyouconcentrate
for?

^ ' ' 6 ( r i^ n (

3 Tak aboutthingsthat
. nep you to concentrate
. prevent
youlromconcentratrng.
2 Readthe text quicklyto compareyour ideas
with thoseof the writer.lgnorethe gapsfor
the moment.
2 Readthe text againand decidewhich
answer(A, B,C or D) best+itseachgap.Thereis
an exampleat the beginning(0)-

How to concentmte
happens
whenyou (0) ...,A......
...
Concentmtion
is goodin exams,bad in orangejuice.Concentration
1()focusorl oDethingto the(l) .... .. . . ofall others.andconcentrating
on thatonething(2) .. .....
you to stopworying abouta lot of otherthings.Sometimes.
of coLrs,yourmindconcenlrates
when
you don't wantit to-Maybeyou can'tgetsome$ingout of yourhead.suchasa problemyou haveto
(3) .. .......r.rpto. or an embarrassing
situationyou'vebeenin. That'swhy collectingthingsasa
hobbyis popular;it (4) . .........yourmindoffother things.Indeed,somepeopleseemto prefer
lookingafterandcataloguing
theircolleclionsto actuallydoinganylhingwith them,because
thisis
\,r'hen
the (5) .. ... ...,single-minded
concentration
happens.
The naturalspanfor ooncentration
is 45 minutes.That'swhy half an hourfor
a telcvisionprogramme
an hourseemstoo long.
seemstoo short(6) .
Moderncultureis
But manypeople'slivesare(7) .. .. . . of concentration.
(8)
require
servedup in small. ......... digesliblechDnksrhat
only a short
(9) . ... ....span althoughyoungpeoplecanconcentrate
on computer
gamesfor daysat a (10) . ...........
.
you
StickingoDtthetonguccanaid concentration.
This is because
yourselfwitb talkingat rhesametimeand
can't(11)
people
other
won't (12) .
... to interruptyour$oughts,
you look like an idiotl
because
copyrighrGuada. Nes6 & Med a Ltd 2006

0 A
1
A
3
A
5 A
A
7 A
A
A
10 A
11 A
12 A
134

manage
ets
br ngs
arrest
ng
otherwse
absent
g e n ty
attenton
ength
s destep
r sk

B acheve
B exclus
on
B means
B conlront
B puts
B grippng
B whin
B devoid
B plainly
B applcaton
B stroke
B distract
B chance

C succeed
c makes
C tacke
C holds
C absorbing
C whereby
C lackng
C surey
c conslderation
C time
C sidetrack
C dare

D
D
D
D

D
D
D
D
D

accomprsn
rejectron
a tows
rneet
takes
enthraing
thus
defi:ient
easly
contempat on
seq!ence
d:stLrrb

t.\lT 11

with
Grammar 2: emphasis
inversion
1
1 Tickthesentence
whichis moreemphaticin
eachof the followingpairs.Markthe words
that havebeeninvertedwith arrows,
Example:
a) hadony lustsatdownto eat\,vhenthe phon-o
tanq.
hadI satdownto eatwhenthephone
b) Hardly
tang.!
story.
la) Sedomhave coTne
across
sucha strange
|
have
across
such
a
strange
story.
b)
seldomcome
ar a^/
2
/oL,r."r 'ol e"\eyo-rbagu'atte_ded
"'
I Tne.
ll) At no t me mustyouleaveyourbagunattended
3 a)| d dn'trealsehowhotit wasunt| | wentlnto
thegarden.
b) Notunti wentintothegarden
dldI realsehow
notrt was.
go backntothebuld ng after
4 a)Youmustn't
rnldnight
no matterwhathappens.
b) Underno c rcumstances
mustyou90 backnto
ght.
thebuldingaftermidn
5 a)Notonlydid hatethebook,butI hatedthefim
of thebooktool
b) | hatedthebookandI hatedthefim of the
booktool
2 Complete
the rule.
Whenwordsandphraseslkenat anly,underno
! J u'nrl d n ,e i , . . . . . .

ano

begina sentence
the ... ......andsubjectare nverted.
Watch Out! no sooner/hardlv
Choosethe coffectalternative
n eachsentence
Thencomplete
therulesbeow
a) No soonerhadhe eft the roomfhan/ r.vhen
theystartedta k ng abouthim
b) Hardy hadhe leftthe roomthar / rvhe/rthey
started
talkingabouth m.
I Llse... .. ..whenyoustarta sentence
withno
2 Llse.

whenyousiana senrence
with

p.195(5.2)
lii Grammarreterence,

Awayson mynrnd

2 Rewritethesesentences
usingthe adverbial
in brackets
at the beginningand makeall the
otherchanges
necessary
to givegreateremphasi5
to eachone.
hadjustsatdownto readthe newspaper
when
the telephone
rang.(Hardly)
Lessthana secondaftershestoodup to speakthe
f re alarmwentofl. (Nosooner)
Heforgetspeople's
namesanda soiindsit hardto
placenames.{Notorly)
remember
Youshouldneverlet anyoneintoyourhouseunless
you haveseentheirlD.(Underno.icumstances)
sheneverdoubledthat hewastel n9 the truth.
(At no ttme)
I startedto writeihe eiierandthenreasedthat
(Orlyafter)
hadlostthelraddress.
usingstandard
3 Rewritethesesentences
word orderto makethem lessemphatic.
1 Rarely
do youf nd a household
w thouta
comPuter
thesedays
Hardly
hadshesta(edto havea shower
whenthe
postmanknockedat the doo.
OnlyafterI hadleftfor the airportd d I remember
thalny passpon
wa,5trlr' -nydeJ r_tl'est-dy
Notonlydidhetrusther,heneverdoLrbted
her
loyaltyto him.
At no tLmein recenthistoryhavewe seensuch
rapidprogress
in medca science
the secondsentence
sothat it has
4 Complete
a similarmeaningto the lirst sentence,
usingthe
word given.Do not changethe word given.You
mLrstusebetweenthree and sixwords,including
the word given1 lane realised
whatshe'dforgottento do assoonas
shearrived.SOONER
No .. ............
.......
.......
......
sherealsedwhatshe'd
lorgottento do.
y forbdden
2 Theuseof mobilephoness absolute
insidethe laboratoryMUST
Under.. ... ............
..... ...usednsidethe
laboratory
withsucha
3 lts notoftenthatyoufindsomeone
goodmemory.coME
seldom
........... someone
wth sucha
goodmemory
4 lt wasthe firsttimethat 'd tr ed rnentaactvites
to helpmeconcenvateBEFoRE
l \ever

me concentrate

re_G' ac( /Ii e_ -o qan

UNIT l1

Away son m y m r . d

Speaking1: individuallongturn
(Part2)
1
I Work with a pariner.Readthe following exam
task.How many partsare there to the task?
Theyshowpeopleconcentrating
Lookat the picturesl'd likeyouto compare
two of
in differentsituatior'rsthe p ctures,andsaywhy it is importantfor the people
ro co_ce_trate
i_ t'ese sitLat,ons
andhow easyit
mightbefoi themto concentrate.
2 Taketurns to choosetwo pictures,and then do
the task.Remember
to talk aboutthe secondpart
of the task(highlighted),
and practise
timing
yourselves
so that yor] feel how long a minute
actuallyis.
2 : Whichsituationdo you think isthe most
difficultto concentrate
in?

Vocabulary2
Phrasalverbswith fhlnk
I Choosethe bestprepositionto complete
the phrasalverbs
in ea(hof thesesentences.
1 Hissuggestion
doesmakesense- at leastits
something
to thinkaboutl on.
2 | can'tthinkofl aboutanythlngbetterto do in
thissituation.
3 Theirproposal
needsto be carefulythought
outl ofbeforetheyputit to thecommittee
formally.
4 | can'tmakeup mymindimmediately
- | need
moretimeto thinkthingsoyer/ up.
5 Thewholedaywasa cornplete
d saster
planned
whoever
lt d dn'tth nk th ngsoutl
throughcaref!ly enough.
6 Thestudentwasstandingoutsidethe
classroom
tryingto thinkavet/ up a gaod
excuse
for beinglate

,),
A
':| 1,, |
'

t \IT r 1 A w arson mymi nd

Expressions
with th,nk
2 Readthe text below and replace
the
phrases
highlighted
with the correctform o{ an
expression
from the box, You may needto make
otherchanges
to the sentence,
thebox
thinktheword of thlnkoutside
feet
thinkpositvey th nk on (your)
thinkbetterof (somethlng)thinkstraight

(l) organise
because
histhoightsc_learly
his mindwasin suchii:iiihoihlt washard
ro torgqlthathisbestfrieud,who(2) was

3 Teila partnerabouta time you neededto

. thinkoutside
thebox
. thinkon yourfeet.

Use of English 2: gapped

(Part4)
sentences
Thinkof one word whichcanbe used
appropriately
in all threesentences.
1 Durng ihe concert,
Torisuffered
an unexpected
..
of memoryfor a few minutes.
Theownersdo not acceptanyrespons
b Iityfof
parked
... ....or damage
to vehlcles
in thiscar
park.
WhenJasonsetup h s own business
he expected
for the firsifew months.
to makea
Chloerealised
thatit waspont essargunqw th
herbossanyfurtherbecause
theywerecearlynot
of the same.
. on the issue
Thegoodth ng abouthavingsucha closefriend s
t h a tI c a na lmo 5re
t a dh s .
. , a n d n e v e rh a v e
to askhimwhathethinks.
Thefactthat he'doffendedTaniahadbeenorr
Terry!
for sometime.

- hc ! ould haveto (4) reacrto whalever

youget a rea
Lookingat Barry!assignment,
. ......
... of the pridehe takesin hiswork
Thereis no
in washn9 the (ar beforethe
it'llonly
need
doinga9an oncewe get
Journey,
there.
Fortunately.
Louishadthe .. ........to checkthe
brakesbeforehe rodeoff on the b ke he'd
borrowed.
Fionahada freeafternoon,
so wasabe to 91vethe
problemherfu I
Thenewresearch
hasbeenthe s!blectof
considerable
meda ............
recently.
t h r" k wp \ ro -ld b n -g rh c p . o b " -n . o rre
. . .. . .
of the ocalcounci.
sarahhadto admitthat'mindgym'wasa
shed nevercomeacross
before.
Thelocalpolitician
is hoplnqto be re-eeciedfor a
second.. ......
.....of offLce.
I thinkthatin theshort
, we should
running.
concentrate
on keepingthe service

rrNIT 1 l

Jsi!

! n m j r nn

l-istening: sentencecornpletion

4 lvere yoLrrpredictionsfor questions1, 5

ero 6 correct?

(Part2)

Would you enjoy a laughtertherapysess;on?

What sort of peopledo you think go to
th ern?

Discuss
thesequestions.
1 What make5peope augh?
2 How do you fee afterha','ngaoood.Lrghabou:
sorneth
ng)
3 ls t easer to aLrghwth otherpeope? Wh,,'i
,1 s alghtera waysa s gn of happrerr)
1

Wr itin g : a r ticle( Pa r2t )

1 In Paper2, Part2, you may haveto write
an article.Eventhough they may be on
d f{rent top cs,good articlessharesome
commoncharacteristi(s.

Look at the task in Exercise

3.

1 Beforeyou listen,think about:

. tlretypeol wordsthal are m ssng n e..h !rp
. the lypeoi nfonnit on yoLrare ne r rg for I e;ch
2 Canyou predictwhat someo{ the mis5ingwords
miqht be?
3 You wil hear a radio presenterca ed Tom
Membury introdLrcing
a programmeon the subjectof
ldLqhlerVooddnd l"or,rde Dr \d_ur d aor_rp.el.

'1 Work w th a partner.Think about any

magazinearticlesyoLrhave read recently
and suggestpossible(haracteristic5
of a
gooo aTtcte.
2 Now read the following aniclewhich
romeslrom a genera inlerestmagazine,
\"4 ' dr! or your por.rr. drF in,lJded.
"-d
1 \'!hnt s ,r tlL I ntrrk!! yoir icc lrrppyT ! r
w h.rth.pprr6 l o yo! or s t ho w yo! t r {l
al rout,l ) A ,d l i r!. yo! el rr , ori il. lr {l t f ( l

l-aughterYoga
'lom conrprrcslaughlcrlo .
T(nnusesthc word .

- ..... (l) in termsof

i1semotionalbenefits.

.. .. (2) to dcscribehow
laughtcrrffecrsan audience.

Dr K4tariaflrst erortheideaof lauelhtcr

therapy
from a

(3)

Dr Katariastoppcdusingjokesin hjs scssrons

assom
peoplefoundthcm
(4)
Dr Kata a fbundthatlaughteris goodfor us cven
when
. . ...(5) is nol lhe srimulus.
Dr Katariaclaimsthatmedicaiconditionssuchas
(6i
nd
mav be prelentedby laughter.
Tommentions
aneventcalled ........
........(7)ar
whichDr Kalariaoftenappears.
Tom playeda gameinvolvingp.etend. ........
(8)
at thelaughte.yogasession
he aftended.

r: g '

.:!rl ;:

2 A ..oi . rg 1{rpsyrhoo.l !ti , L lsf oL. ! . r t !

iqood or bfdi tlr.rt detrm ric or r feelrqr.f
\rer b. rg. br t h.w w e th ri k ffd r ( r ( t kl
i hcm V .ry n,..," 5!i ! peopc .Jf be r iie, . b e
I tlroyhf!e . co.st.rnri.nl-" of lr.v nq lLrst
m s!e. ol t o. 5on.l l r ng (ofve, sey, people
wtro ;4rpe.r to havo -.ssr.. ieel r.red b y
fri ppt..d i ort!far. L' e.i .!!eth yv. r! e whir t
tlr-o!h.ve t! tlro o d '5 the q asshall emply or
l rJ1j ! l )' quen of. rfr yoLrr.n swer5. r ! c nl

L\IT l t

3 Mat(ha purposebelowto eachparagraph.

Thereis one purposeyou do not needto use,
iniormation
a) Provlde
backgroLrnd
b) lntroduce
theman idea
c) Giveexamples
andfurtherdetals
d) Engage
the readern thetopic
e) Summarise
d scussron
anddrawconcusons
4 choosethe besttitle for the article.
a) Goodandbadfeeings
b) Corningto termswith en\,y
c) Go for gold,but be happywth less
2 Herearesomesuggestions
that might
makeanyarticleinteresting.
How manyof
theseare includedin the articleyou havejLrst
read?
1 attenton-grabbing
tit e
2 ntrigung andthought-provoking
opening
para9rapn

3 Buthowdo we get to be 'g asrhalf'full'

peope?one suggestlon
is not to compar
yourseif
wth others,especaly thogewho
seemto havemoreAnothero d sayng - the
grasss alwaysgreener
on theothersldeof
ihe fence'- isveryirue,but of course
lhat
grcengrassmaybe a an iliusionwe don't
realyknowwhetherihe otherpe6on s happy
at a - we jusi magineiheyare,andsofeeL
bad n comparison
BLrtdeveloprng
a postve
oLrtlook
on le iEveryimpoftant.Peopewho
lookon the br qht s de seepossibde5 n
nq - theyneverimagindoorscosing,
everyth
naieol mind,
onlyopenng. t! an envable
pity
its
they
don
t
sel
t
n ihe oca
and a
lf theydid,lhen for onewould
supermarket
buybuckets
of tr 8!t th.t3 not qoinglo
happen,
so perhaps
the answerwhenwe
comesecondn a race,or 9eeour neiqhboLrr
conveiring
hishouseln a waythatwe co! d
neverafford,is notto en!ry,
bul :o aspre
4 Whdtwe shoulddo to be haoDvs .o: io
look ai what might havebeenb"t ai y,hat siill
cou d be. And then jusr qo fo. : 8-1 :1e deai
s thal we haveto acceptwha:eie.
consequences
ther are phi:o5oa_G.! .-.
withoLrtreqret- and be haDo! a!o-: :

A w ayson m ym nd

rhetorcalquestions
addressed
directlyto the reader
speaking
the
reader,
usng 'you'
directyto
grammatical
using
structures
to g ve emphas
5
givinginterest
ng or surpris
n9 factsor niormaton
usnq a rangeof interesting
vocabuary often
colourful
8 backingup ideaswith specifc detals andconcrete
examples
9 includingdirectspeech
paragraph
10 having
an interesting
and'punchy'fina
3
4
5
6
7

3 Thewriter hasuseda lot of interestingand

variedvocabulary
includingexpressions.
1 What do you thinkthe followingsayings
or
expressions
in the articlemean?
a) lstheglass
halfemptyor halffull?
b) Thegrassisalwaysgreeneron the others deoi
thefen(e.
c) Theyneverimaginedoorsc osin9,ony openng.
2 Findwords or expressions
in the articlethat
meanthe sameas:
l on theotherhand(para2)
2 vital,veryimportant(para2)
3 somethlng
we think s truebut is not (para3)
4 a goodattitudetowardslfe (para3)
(para3)
5 peoplewho areoptimistic
6 an attitudethat we wouldaLilike10have(para3)
1 takea chanceanddo yoLrrbest(para4)
4 Lookat the two taskson page189.Choose
the articleyou want to write and work with
anotherstudentwho has(hosenthe sametask.
5 Planyourarti(lewith yourpartner,andthen
write at.
1 Decidehow youaregoingto organseyouraftice.
Howrrdnypd'dgraphs?
Whatwi be .Le ge e'al
purpose
andtop c ot eachone?
2 Lookat the pointsincLuded
in Exercise
2 Which
oneswill you includen yourartice?Theymaynot
all be approprlate.
3 Writeyourartcle.
yourartce with yourpartnerl\/lakenotes
4 Exchange
of waysin whichtheycould mprovetheiraft c e,
anddiscuss
therntogether.
5 Readthe modelansweron page208.Checkthat
youarefolownqthF Dosa'o Do4'ts(.gges-pd.
6 Writeyourfinalaaricle,
lsinqyourowngrammar
checklist
to makesurethat it isaccurate.
> Writing referencep.208

139

LNIT ll

Awa y son m y m nd

Speaking 2
'l Workwith a partnerand discuss
the
followingquestions.
1 Whycan'tyou
tcke yoursef?
Frst,tickleyourpartners
handbywiggingyour
tingers
softlyin thecentre
of ther palm.Checkif
theyf nd t tickish Nowmakeexactly
the same
rnovements
on yourown pam. Whatisthe
d fference?
2 Canyoualways
identfywhatcoloursomethlng
is?
AskyoLrrpartnerto hod out s dewaysat arms
engthtwo piecesof d fferentcoouredcard,whi e
yo! focuson ther nose.lvlakesureyou don'tsee
the p ecesof cardbeforehand.
Whatcolourare
they?

StudentA lookat page189for theanswer

to
q u e s t o n1 .
StudentB ookat page190fortheanswer
to
queston 2
Thenexplainthe reasons
to eachothen
2 Workwith a partner.Lookat the cubesand
describe
whatyou 5ee.Do you seethe cLtbes
protrudingout of the pageor intrudinginto the
page?Do you seethe samething?Doeswhat
you seestaythe same,or doesit change?

u NIr

11 Re v iew

1
'1 Readthe text below.lJsethe word givenin capitalsat the end o{
someof the linesto form a word that fits in the sameline.There
i5an exampleat the beginning(0).
A workout for the brain
Thebfain workoutis a (0) . fitrtgq trendwhichrequiresneithera yoga
haveshownthatnewnerve
matnor a pair of traine$.(1)
life. andso mentalexercise
cellsappearin thebrainthroughout
canbe (2) ... .... in ensurjngthatthebrainfunctionsefficiently.
(3) . .......andprivate
As a result,bothclinicaircsearch
companies
areexploringwhatarekrown as 'brainenhanccment
techniques'which
seekto (4) .......... lheenomouscapabilities
ofthe humanbrain.What'smore,theexerciseanalogyhas
proveda popularonewith software(5) .. ........offeringsuchthings
as 'ncurobics'anda numberof 'mind gym' coursesnow
beingoffered(6) . ... ...
peoplehavedifferentbminwavepattemsfor different
Apparently,
activities.For cxanple,thebetabrainwavehclpsus to make
decisions,
whilstthethetabrainwavehelpsus to relaxandremember
things.Sometimes
onebrainwavecanbecome(7) . . .. ., for example
peoplcwilh highslresslevelscanget stuckin a highbetastate.
helpsuchpeopleto regain(8) ...... between
Themindgym sessions
thesebftrinwaves.
suchas speedreading,memory(9) ... ... ...
Tminingfocuseson techniques
placedon thc
andimprovcdpowenof concentration.
Smallsensors
screena
computer
to be viewedon
client'sheadallow brainwaves
individuals
executives.
high(10)
Sportspeople
andbusiness

FIT
SEARCH
BENEFIT
ESTABLISH
MAXIMUM

1.,

PACK
COMMERCE

DOMINATE
MOSILE
CALL
I
PERFORM

who cannol allow theil minds to wanderfor a second.have been

amongstthe maii cljents so far,

andfindl
2 Lookbackat youranswers
a veromaoerroma noun
an adjective
madefroma verb
wh
a wordto
ch youaddedbotha prefixanda
suffix
whichstudents
wrote.
Lookat theseanswers
Whywouldthey not get the markin the
exam?Whatadvicewouldyou givethese
students?
1:
3:
8:

phrases
with a
2 Replace
the highlighted
phrasalverb or expression
with think.
1 ljustdon'tknowwhatto do L'msocontused,
can'tget my ideasin order
2 Thewholeprojectfa led,becalsethe plannng was
so bad we.lusthadn'tconsidered
a I the knock
on effectsproperly
3 Myauntisfantasticshe's
suchfun,and oveher
to brts.
Itl verydiffcultlo nventagoodexcusequckyfor
you'vedonewrong.
something
t mp lo y a rs ller I y o . (" n d p po " c hp ' o b e -n s i"^
differentway.

Go to wwwifeds.com or your CD-ROMfor interactiveexam pradice,

141

UNIT

72

A matter
of time

TheFuturo
House
Dcsigned in 1968 b_! I.ijDrish irchirecr Matti
suru!trcn, the lututu horise Ms a clas.sicflyina
siuco shape - an clipsoid shell consrrucled in
nbrcghss and reirlbrccd plastic. with ellipseihaped
windos .. door hJDdl(\. lich r n n i DF\and eren ellip\.
shipcd power sockets. In $eoq its dsi8n Nas
'biscd on pure mathematics',but in fad rhis seems
highh dubious - the ptuject supcruisor.emembers
S uro.cD hivioS a m ch more intunnr approach.
'lhcn: wcrc no dr,lileddriwings for thc p.ororype.
and he would drop by the plaDt atrd make
st'ggcstionssuch as lake awar.i bit bcrc, add a bir
lhe i.itial co,nmissionw,rs fofu ski cxbnr.which
bc hlcoprcrcd into rough rcrrnin, but
manufncturc. Polykem hopcd rhat rn.s! p.odrcriur
worldwidc would fbllow. a'ld lhar the basic shcl
could bc ndrpted for both done$ric and conlme.ciat
usc.All looked 1o be going wcll until drc 1973 oil
crislsmorc drrn triplcd producion costsiburfo. rhis
wc
all now hav ore.
'night

1t cor d

Reading 1: multiplechoice(Part
1)
1 Do you likemodernthings,or areyou
interested
in thingsfrom the past?

a partnerLookat the picture

aooveano discuss
the5equestions:
1 Whendo yorlthinkthisoblectwasdesgned?
2 Whatdo youthrnkit isusedfor?
3 Doesit makeyouth nk of the past,the presenlor
theluture?
Whattypeof peope wouldyouassociate
with this
oblect?
2 Readthe first text to seeif your ideaswere
right.Didanythingsurprise
you?
3 Youare 9oin9to readthreetextswhichare
all connected
in someway with the ideaof time.
Choose
the answer(A, B,C or D) whichyoo think
fits bestaccordingto the text.
142

As ir is, thre .lre thought to be nr leasr 30

survivingFuturos,includingonc irJapnn,one h rhc
(lSA :lnd lour in linland. Bur memwhilc fic Fuxrro
has bccn reinvcntcd rs in in ico[ uxl found ts
way bick in'o rhe Slamorousworld of panics md
spcctrcle wher rhc prototpe w6 uscd ro housc n
hcadline-g.ibbing installnrionfft projecr.What is
inlri8uingabout Lhefurum is that,forty ycarcoll,wc
t0 srill sce thh object ns ftuurisric,givingwciglB ro thc
$mcwhft questionable theory rhn ir was acru.dlv
tur cxample of posr,nodc.nism beforc its tn!e.

1 In thef rstparagraph,
thewrtersuqqests
that
whendevelopng the tuturo,MattrSuuronen
A waskeento keepthe designa secret
I hada ratherpoorgraspof mathematics
C wasunwilinqto trlst h s prolect
manager
D tendedto be more nterested
in styethan
precsion
2 Whatdoesthewriterfindstrange
aboutatttudes
towardsthe Futurotoday?
Peope st I thinkthat it ooks ikea futuristc
oblect
oeooe '" ro ,ee lh"l rhpd"s g
e"d o
'^"s "
15tme.
People
see t asa work of art ratherthan
practcal.
something
Peope n variouspafts of the wotld are keento
preserleiheaa

REVEW OF A DOCUMENTA::]:::?AMME

f\II

12 A mat(r
otr me

\Natercolours of a history
waiting to happen
YearsagoDavidMandellbeganto
recordhissinister
embellished
them
dreams.
Hepainted
theirimages,then
withfootnotesto
addto thedetailsofwhathehad
'seen'.0n l1 Septernber
1996he dreamed
the
5 destruction
oftwotowers,Beside
thetowers,in
painting,was
outlined
theheadoftheStatue
lvlandell's
depicted
of Libedy.
Aroundthetowersthepainting
Fiveyearslatertothedaysomething
billowso{smoke.
remafkably
akinto lvlandelltqhastlypremonition
Thiswe knowfortuckedintoa
actually
happened.
corneroi hispainting,
easytomiss,therewasthe
of anaircratt,
silhouette
questions
Thesalient
beqin
withtheobviousrare
ls he a seer
IVlandellt
dreams
a spateof coincidence?
futureeventsin hisdreams
or is he
ableto glimpse
Hisotherdrcams
included
merely
a sadoldfake?
premonitions
eventsofotherdisasters
andmomentous
perhaps
washispictureofthegas
mostremarkable
gesidetheimage,
attackontheunderqround
in Tokyo.
named
theJapanese
capatalasthe
lvlandell's
note$
vonue
0itheoutrage,
to establish
Theprogramme
scrupulously
sought
receiving
apocalyptic
whetheror notlvlandellwas
by
warnings.
Eachkeypaintin!hadbeenphotographed

2s statfothislocalbank,
inirontofa calendar-clock
clsarly
painting
hadboen
displaying
thedatebywhichthe
painting
predated
Evry
theincident
itforotold.
madE.
bya foronsics
sxpenwho
Theshots
weteexaninsd
passed
thsmgBnuin6.
l\Iandell
a lie-dstector
csrti{isd
0neexprt
to test,thenallowod
himselfto
behypnotised.
butth
thought
hewasmirrorjng
thelawsof pnbabilitygiven
threlatively
smallnumber
of
evidence
suggestsd,
thatMand6ll
dreams
recorded
andhishigh'hjt-rate',
tholawsofimproba
bility.
wasmirroring

Golsoncott
\\4ren I was harging around the
ncarbylanesas an adolescent,
rvaiting fbr life to bcgin, I saw
colsoncott as a placewhere
5 nothing ever happened.I thought
ofir fondly, brrt reckoncdthat it
rvas else\!'herethat things lvent oo and tlat in due
courseone would go forth to clscrvhcrc,with all
that that implied. And so I did, but in due coursc
also Golsoncott becamea retrcat, a havcn*hen
radrcr too much *.as happening,the stablcelement
in an unrcliablc rlorld. Yoo could know thar rL
rvoulclahvaysbe thc samc,ycar by yar.Absenceof
event was now the [easored aspecl.
During the 70 yearcofthe family'soccupationof'
15
the houseno-onc was bom there, thorgh thrcc
pcople died: my granclf'athcr
in 1941, my
grandmothc. 34 ycarslater)and finally my aunl
Rachel.Evcna ofa significantkind. To x ls-yearold, things happcningmeansa few ups and downs
in daily lifc, and Golsoncott was indecd f'airly
immunc ro thxt. Onc caim rural day slid btandly
into ahcncxt, with only th *,cather serving rp any
potent kind ofchange. And evcn that interfcrerce

family
25with prcscribcdrourincwasstcrnlyresisted:
ethoswasrhatyou ignoredweatherand simplydid
whatyou hadintendedto do. You rventfor r wxlk
in the rain;that waswhatmincoatswerefor.

..%]

i
i
I
i

ftni$F*-"".*--.,""'''_-

paintings
3 Whatdo we earnaboutDavdMandells
fromthe revew?
A Theyhaveyetto undergo
scientlf
c analysis
wthoutfrswntten
B Theyarehardto understand
nores
C Theymayhavebeenpantedafterthe events
theydepct.
D Theyseemio pfedct the ocaton as,,!eI asthe
typeot event.
that
4 n theth rd paragraph,
t s sLrggestec
c arans
A theprogramme
hadrnade
era_cqer,:ed
abouttnedreams.
a :a .: a_ adequate
the experthad beer LJnea
expanallonfor the dre--j
c ent e, ::_:: :a -a<: anysolt
therewas nsLrff
oi the r.::^ :
of assessment
rna<e.:-aa -'aa,a'aa-'?
the programrne
a- -': a aa':
answertOlne myste-t,

5 n thefirstparagraph,
thewriters expa n ng
A why shefelt trappedat Gosoncott.
B why shedecidedto leaveGolsoncott.
C how heratthLlde
to Gosoncottchanged.
D howshecameto regretleavingGolsoncott.
6 which phrasefromthe secondparagraph
reinlorces
the ldea ntroduced
by the phrase'wth
al thatthatirnplled'
in ine87
A upsanddownsn daly ife(lne20)
B falrlyimmune
to that(ine21)
C s id blandly
intothenext(line22)
D 5ternlyressted(l ne25)
4 Do you thinkthat what happens
to a person
in the pastcaninfluence
theirfuture?
Whichof the threetextsmadeyouthink about
the relationship
betweenthe pastand the future
143

IINIT 12

A mat t erol t m e

Vocabulary: idiomatic
language/collocations
I Lookbackat the three textson pages142and
143.Findwordsor phrases
that meanthe
Sameas:
1 difficut to trust(text1)
7 wLe sonp.;i q i\ rradei_ a'gequdntrlies
(text1)
3 something
that represents
an importantideain
art(text1)
4 addng mportance
or vaueto an argument
or
idea(text1)
5 seeingsomethng briefy(text2)
6 doingsomethng thoroughly
to h gh standards
(text2)
7 a recordof the numberof instances
of something
(text2)
I nrovng aroundslowlywthout anypu.pose,
do n9 very itt e (text3)
9 eventua
ly (text3)
10 goodt mesandbadtimes(text3)
11 a phiosophy
for lving(text3)
2 Now completethe sentencesusingthe correct
form oJ one of the expressions.
1 Theideathat anyonecanpredictthe future
accurately
s verysLrspect
- in fac1,I thlnkits
Theevdence............. ... ....the argLlment
that
therewasa town on the sitein t mesgoneby.
Carsnowadays
are ................
whichhas
reducedmanLrfact!ring
costsandmadethemmore
affordable
thantheywerein the past.
H s dreamsseemed
to givehim a brief
..............
... intothefutlre.
\ae"nio soe.dd lol or nV li-np ust
waitn9 for otherpeople- it! veryfrustratingl
. h g^sd^dlow. rhdrs
- te i. fullo'
whatrnakes
t chalenging.

1 Lookatthe followingextractfrom text 1.

Whatdoesthe highlighted
phrasemean?
. tt .4a\ d(|Lt.ll, ap e,ample of po\t-modpnl<m

befareitstime.
2 Completethe sentences
with a collocation
with time from the box.

n no time wasteof time at the Ume

pressed
for time for the time being
runningolt ot time t meaftertime
in time kil time
I I thinkthat studyingHistoryin schoo s useessitl a complete..
2 | decidedto go on hoiidayto Inda lastyearlt
seemedlikea goodidea ... ......
... ......
...,but didn't
realise
that hadchosenthe hurrcaneseasonl
3 l'm studyrng
hard,so l'vetold myfriendsthat
.. .
........ l'm not 9o ng out at weekends.
4 Sueisso quck - shelearnedhow to usethe new
soltware
5 l'm sorryl can'tstopnow- I'm realy
.........
......l'llcatchyoulater
6 Peterhasbeendelayed,
so l'm go n9 to get a
cofJee
to
.. ...............untlhe getshere.
7 Thetrainwashed up by slgna
Ing probems,but
luckilyl arrivedjust .. ..... .............to catchthe
plane.
8 Wemustreacha decsion
by 8 o'cockandit! 7.45
now- we'rerapidly....
9 l ve told you
.. noi to do rhat.bu! yojustkeepdoingtl
3 Work with a partner Taketurns to describe
a situationto illurtrateone of the phrases
{rom
Exercise
2. Yourpartnershouldsaywhichphrase
you are illustrating.
Example:
A: I had to wait for the bus for ages,5a I boughta
magazineto read.
B: Youwerekilling tine

Grammar 1: passives
I
t
1 Readthe title of the articleon page145.What
do you thinkthe articlewill be about?Skimit
quicklyto checkyour ideas.Haveyou ever
heardof a job likethis?
2 Readthe articleagain.Rewr;tethe numbered
sentences
usingthe passive
form,
Example:
(l) ... in whichouer people frcm aiverseethnic
backqround. are encoumqed ro 6hare and record

fNIT 12

THE MEMORY B,A.NKER

Meena Khata loves herjob, because she
can trayel the world and inmerse hersef
in different cultures. But she does this
without ever leaving her office in London.
It is here that she runs a project
(1) which encourares older oeople from
diverse ethnic hacklrounds to share ud
record theb memories iD order to bring
alive a past that (2) !adslnigltlthedise
lese. Age Exchange is a unique
organisation thdt LrsesstoFr'-telling,drama,
alt and dance to build br;dges hehveen
Aenerations. (3) Someone set up Ale
Exchanoe in 1983 as a reminiscence
theatre company, but demand grew and in
1987 (4) thev ooened the Remin;scence
Centre. Meena js one ofonlv ei6ht full-tirne
workers tvith the project, and (5) tbe
direotor has assiCnedmanv vital iobs
such tls runn;nt the shop. museum and
tea-room to volunteefs,
Meena plans to record people aged 50
and over talking about their childhood,
fnmiln homes and memories of their
country oforigin. Amone questions (6) lbe
js_il]-3sklbclq are whv they came to
Britain, and what their first ;mpressions
were. Creotive activities such as drama
and dance provide Fieger materidl th't
unlooks their memories. Participants
create memory boxes contain;ng images
and objects that illustrate their stories.
(7) We should not idno'e th;s opportu.it!
to capture Ii!;nE historv. There ;s a danger
that once the older Aeneration has go.e,
their stories sill disappear, and (ll) rull
closo a rich vein ofli\ind h;sto.! for future
ge4e!4tio!!.

in the article
3 Thenumberedtenten(e5
form,
wouldbe betterin the passive
Matcheach
for one of threereasons.
reasonto the 5entences.
a) Theagents unknolla3'::, a-i
b) Thefocusof thesente..:: :_ :_: :.:_:
andnottheagent
.l

Tho r^6 n t

A m a t t e ro l t me

infinitives
Passive
lf the subjectis not the agent,we can usea passive
infinitive.
Example:
Thestocks fo be checked
everyFrdayso that eves can
bemaintained
Thereportwasthoughtto havebee, /eakedto the press
by a secretary.
2 Completethe secondsentenceso that it hasa
usingthe word
similarmeaningto the firstsentence,
givenand a passive
infinitive.Do not changethe word
9iven.Usebetweenthreeand sixwords,includingthe
word grven.
planwasto finishtheproject
I Theoriginal
bytheaLrtumn.
HAVE
plan,theproject. .. ... ........ ... bythe
Intheorigina
autumn,
2 I won't haveanyrepettion of thlsbadbehaviour
at any
tiME. REPEATED

don'twantthis

at anytime.

3 shewantseveryone
10realise
that sheis an intellectual.
SEEN
Shewants. ..
......an intelectual.
4 Everyone
believes
that theyhavemovedawayfromthe
area.HAVE
fromthe area.
Theyare.
5 Peope saythat he hasrecovered
fromthe accidentqute
quicklySAID
qute qLrickly.
He
fromthe accident
- - . ...
6 No-onecando anythlnqaboutthe situation.NOTHING
There.... .. .............aboutthesituat
on.
't'. Grammarreferencep.l96 (12)
thesequestions.
3 Discuss
I Readthe lastsentence
of the articleagain Doyou agree
with the writeraboutthe dangerin the lastparagraph,
or
do youfeelthat it is not mportant?
people's
2 Whichis moreimponantto haverecorded:
stories
andmemories
or factsanddatesof importantevents?
3 Whatpersonal
thingswou d you iketo besavedfromyour
earyyears?
why?
4 Haveyoueverseenanylhng dispayedn a museum
that
wasusedbysomeone
ln yourfam y? f yes,howdid it make
youfeel?f not,howwoud t makeyoufee if youd d?
5 Whataspectof the townwhereyoulve wouldyou iketo
bepreserved
for the future?\ /hy?
145

tiNIT l2

A matt er oinm e

Reading2
1
1 Work in groupsof
three.
StudentA readthe book
synops
s on page189.
StudentB readthebook
synopsis
on page190.
StudentC readthebook
synopsis
on page192
2 Tellone anotherabout
what you haveread.
What ideado they all
share?
3 Wouldyou liketo
readanyof the
books?Whichone and
why? lf not, why not?
Do you believethat time
travelis possible
or is it
just fiction?Why?Mhy
not?
2 Readthe text in
ExamfocusExercise
1.
Doesthe writerbelieve
that time travelmight
exist?How are hisideas
similaror difJerent
to
yours?Whichof the
threebooksyou
discussed
in Exercise
1 is
mentioned?

Exam focus
Paper3 Useof English:word formation(part3)
About the exam: In Paper3, Part 3, you read a short text {rom which ten
words have been removed.The gappedword5 are listedto th right of
the text, but not in the form that is neededin the contextof the text_
You need to changethe word5,usLrally
adding prefixesand suffixes,to
matchthe tenseof the text.
5u99ested procedure
1 Readthe text quicklyto get a generalidea o{ what it is about and
how it is organlsed.Don't answerany of the questionsuntil you,ve
read the who e text.
2 Look at eachgap in turn and think about the sentence.What type
of word ls missing;an adjective,noun, verb, etc.?If it is a noun, is the
word singularor plural? f it is an adjective,is it positiveor negalive?
It it is a verb, which tensewtll ir be in?
3 When you haveansweredall the questions,readthe text carefully
aga n. Doestt rnakcompletesensewith allthe words you have
(reated?
1 For questions1-'10,read the text below. Usethe word given at the
end of someof the linesto form a word that fitr in the gap in the same
line.Thereis an exampleat th beginning(0),

Example: ITT--7@foF6-------l
The enigmaof time travel
Is it possiblero travelbmkwardsandforwardsthroughtimel
For decades
rheworld\ top(q prr_6.ip"leip.
h^vebentryingro
answerihis question.
But so far,nobodyhascomeup with any
(l)...
p.oofthattravllingrhroughrimc is acruallyinpossible,
ahhoughall sortsof(2) ...
to the ideahavebeenmised.
Forcxample,somesaytharrimekavelmighrleadro wharthey
call temporalparadoxes'.like
goingbackin a lime machineand
(3) ... .... ....rneering
yourownmotherbeforeshegavebirthro you.
ll soundslike fie ploi of a classicscience-fiction
film, doesnr i1?
And i. s a signofjusr how (4)
theconceptoftime travelis ro
seriousscienrisrs
rharit waslefl to a (5) ......
to comup wirh the
ideain fie firstplace.Thathonourgoesto H.c. Wells,in his 1895
cl^ss;cTheTimeMachine.WasWellsdnbblingin a field tharhe
didn't understand?
Wasir alljust a bir of literary(6) .
.?
Maybeno.:Einsiein'siheoryof(7)
doesnordisallowthe
(8) . ........
....of dmeiravel-And modcmscientisrs
lookingfor whart
calledthe TheoryofEveryrhingare(9)..... ..... ro ruteout rhe
jdeacomplerely.
So who knows.rhc ideaof travellingthroughrime
maynot be as(10)
. asmDy peoplerhink.

pHyStCS
CONVTNCE
OBIECT

ACCTDENT
AppEAL
NOVEL

SPECULATE
RELATTVE
EXTST
W|LL
R|D|CULE

Discussthese questions.
1 f you coL.tld
travelback in time, wh ch per od of historywould you I ke to
travelto? Why?
2 Wou d yoLrpreferto travelto the future?Why?AVhynot?
2

f\IT

Grammar 2: the future in the

past
1 We can usethe pa5tcontnuour to talk
aboutplansin the pastthat werein the
or
futureat the momentof speaking
writing, e.g. We wete meetingat 6 o'cloclt
but Joe calledand changedit to 6.30.
2 We can usevvasgoing to when we talk
aboutplansin the pastthat we stillhavenl
{ulfilled, e.9. / wasgotng to postthe letteL
but I forgot.
3 We can usewasthlnking of + -ing lot lulwe
plansthat are not definite, e,9. / was
thinkihg of tidying the housethis weekend.
t Matchthesesentences
to one of the uses
above.In whichone isthe plannot fulfilled?
parcefor her lt wasn'ta problem
a) posted
Saly's
asI wasgoin9to the postofficethat afternoon
anyvvay.
b) washavng myhaircutthatafternoon,
butI
whenlheardthe
canceled
theappontment
new5.
youanyway
c) wasthinknq of phoning
th s
at'ternoon.
i:. Grammarreferen.ep.198(16.4)
usingthe
2 Complete
thesemini-dialogues
correctform of the verb in brackets.
1 A Loo(

Lhe .rnem" , L osed e/ ( !1/eel rol

refurbishment.
B 0 L Lqdt sa_r oli' g

/ p p \ rh e

newblockbuster
sometmesoon
2 A: Helo, Peter whatacoincidence
thatyolr've
phoned
r ghi nowl
B Why?
A: Wel, hadjustpickedupthephoneand
(cal/)youi
3 A: Ths morning
I wasto d thatlane
... ..
.. ,ome\ lo tgh. bUL Ca-l "a -"'
neTe.
B: Wel, we invtedher bLrtshephonedths
(r!ork) ate
afternoonand sardshe
and fradto cancel.
4 A: H, Sue- I'd lke to ta k to yoL a!c!t rhe new
ls thrsa convenent I n_e)
Prolect.
i.iirsr,at 'of inar.
B: Actualy,
Why don'tyou come \,1re
ca' :: ( a.:' :
Sanowcn.
(grolon:_ .-1._::. .ourol
5 A:We
Romeast rronth,blrt!!e bc:- ;:: - - a_a -ed to
pu lout at the lastm nuie.
B Whata shamel

12 A mattrot t me

3 Thereareotherwaysof expressing
the future
seenfrom the past.Choose
the bestform of the verb
in eachof thesesentences,
1 Ouabroadband
connect
on wasn'tworkng,andwe
hopedthat the technician
wauldn'ttake/ won't take/
didn'ftakelongto reachu5!
2 Whenthe tran brokedownbetweenstations,
we had
no ideathat we rhouldbe/ wauldbe/ willbe sluck
therefor f ve hoursl
3 Theprojectrnanager
hopedthat the prolectw///have
been/ wauldhavebeen/ hddbeer up andrunnn9 by
lanuarybut t wasn't.
4 As hewalkedtowardshershereaisedthat he /5about
to / wdsabautto / hasbee, aboufto speakto her
5 On the tinerarywe fvereta arrive/ wereaboutta
a ive/ wauldar ve althe statonat n ne,but the tra n
was ateandwe m ssedouTconnecton
4 Thereisa mistakein eachhighlighted
word or
expression
in the text-Corredthe mistakes.
Digging up (and burying) Londolr's past

Archaeoogist
iaw\r_s eorev!
Dunca_
the-lapsor
RomanLondonthreeyearsagoafterdiscovering
an
AncientRomanpalacefour metresbeLow
streetlevel
At the t me he calledit the mostexcitng discovery
to
be madein Londonfor years,eventhoughhealways.
suspe(ted
he(1)weregoingto findsomething
in the l
areabecause
of references
n otherdocuments.
Theactualdiscovery
wasmadebecause
a bulder
(2)woulderectanapartment
b ockin thearea,and
hadto undenake
an archaeo
oqicalsur.r'ey
f rstasa
preconditon.
Thissurvey
exposed
the ste. Oncethey
hadstartedto dig,archaeologists
knew t wascr!cal
that theycompleted
theirresearch
withinsx months
r3r
lo qo
baraL\e
our.d,ng
wo4
is
sc_Fou'eo
'na
ahead
at thaitime.Whatabouttheste now?lt s
I
buriedbelowthe blockof f atsl HowdoesHawkns :
feelaboutthis?Hs positionis clear.Archaeoloqy
has i
a dualrole- to preserve
the past,anddissem
nate
'
lo i'c'ease
Inforrrdlioo'rts"pd\r. .
ou .ndeS-and._9
Wrthoutihe opportunity
to do the dig,he (4)woLrld
i
stilllool for con'.rn"r.on
of t_es te a1on9
documents.
Healwaysintendedto
conlemporary
I
sothat otherarchaeologists
burythe palacecareflrly,
?
(5)\,villbe ableto Jind t whenfurtherbu ld ng took "..
place,however
far nto the futurethat (6)were
t
. -..,
5 Tella partnerabouta time whenyou
. werehoping
to do something
butcoudnt
. wouldhavedonesometh
nq f voucould
. wereaboutto do somell'rg .']rhch fe I throlgh

147

U\Ir

12 A matteroi iime

Listening:multiplematching
(Part4)
1 Discuss
thesequestions1 Doyouoftenplaycomputergames?
2 Whydo peope enjoyplaylngthe games?
3 Whicharethe mostpopuargenres?
Why?

2 Makea listof the goodand badteaturesof

(omputergamesyou haveplayed.Thinkabout:
. the setting
. nteractvtty
. thepot
. grapncs,etc.

3 Youwill hearfive peopletalking about a computergamethey playedre(ently.

Rememberthat you mustcompleteboth tasksasyou listen.Youwill hearthe recordingtwice.

(,

TASKONE

TASKTWO

Forquestions
1-5, choosefromthe llstA-H what
eachpersonsayss the bestfeatureof theirgame.

Forquestions
6-10, choosefromthe lst A-H each
person3mainciticismof ther 9ame.

A lt'stastmovng.

A lt'stoo similarto lts predecessors.

B t's easyfor beglnners.

B Thegraphics
aredisappointing. speaker
1 fl

C Theaudiois poorquality.

D
E
F

speaker
1m
2 fE
t haswe l-knowncharacters. speaker
t hasgoodpuzzes.
speaker
3 fE
4m
t's designed
by experts.
Speaker
graphcs.
t hasrealistic
speaker
5E

F lt involves
a furtherpayment.

speaker
s Dnn

problems.
D Therearetechnical

G Thecharacters
don'tspeak.

H t h x:

H lt getsboringaftera while.

^ ^r

Speaking: two-way conversation

(Part3)
1 In Part3 of the Speakingte5t you haveto
completea taskwith yourpartner
Thinkaboutthe bestwayto do this.Whichone
of the following piecesof adviceis not correct?
What iswrongwith it?
. Tryto makea decision
aboutthe taskimmediately
. lt doesn'tmatterf youdon'tta k aboutevery
o! lu e, or o^ q d y o - J s e q o o d l a n q u a g e .

Talkabouteachpicturen turn, beforereaching

a
oecrS
0n.
Don'twoffyaboutthe t m n9 - the lnterocutorwill
stopyouat the endof the time.

't48

E lt becomes
too complex

2m
Speaker
speaker
3m
Speaker
4m

G lt hasan unusual
setting.
d /^ h ^

2 ln this part o{ the test,you shouldinteract

with your partnerand showevidence
of turn
taking.With a partner,
think of somewaysyou
canaskeachother'sopinion,or taket|.irn5
to
speak,e.g. Do you agreewith me?ls that what
you think?

6l

t \IT

3 Lookat the tollowingta5k.Do the taskwith

yoJr partnettrvingto'ollo\,\ 'he "d.i'e .Exercise
1 and usingasmanydifferntlvaysof
takingturnswith yourpaftnerasyou can.
Herearesornethingsthathavehada greatimpact
on thewaywe ivetoday.
Tak to eachotheraboutwhat ife wouldhave
beenlikef theseth ngshadneverbeendiscovered
or invented.
Thendecdewhichonehashadthe
eastimpacton ife today
thesequestions.
4 Lookat the photos.Discuss
1 Whch th ng do youth nk w I contnLre
10havethe
greategt
mpactn thelutureT
,

t:::

:,

i2

A m;tte..t ime

2 ir,rh.hil'ng cc r"o",",rsh
had not beend scovered
cf nr,'en:ect,rhlr'l
3 \'1ih.tnre.t on ..n yoLthrnkof that w.s
predateo ncorre(ty)
4 l-o\,,/.rport.nt do you think t s to cont nue to
...-..:'
yoLr1ke io work on? Why?
5 ',rfhal n',,enio. ,rvoLrld
6 '"l,"ihat
can J.Jeearnabout any societyfrom the
lh ngsth;t t va les?
5 Shareyour deason the question5in
4 with the resto{ the class.Were the r
Exercise
ans\rver5
similarto yours?Make a note of any
usefu deasthat you didn't think of.

'1

149

t
IINIT 1 2

A m:tler or r Te

Use of English; open cloze

(Part2)
I

ni(.'

'((

r h oca

^ , ' o c+ i^ n c

1 Why do peoplegenefaly I ke scencef ct on booksand f ms?Do you enjoy

them?Th nk of son're
wel'known
noves, ti ms,TV programmes,
etc
2 Whatdo you th nk science
f ct on can
le us about
. ife today?
. the past?
. the future?
3 what do you knowaboutthe TV seres
Stdr lrek?
Do yolrth nk programmeske thisare
everscentficaly accLrrate?
2 Readthe text to seewhat the
wr;ter thinksabout the 5cientific
predictionsin Star lrek and compare
your ideas.lgnorethe gapsfor the
moment. Doesanything5urpriseyou?
3 Readthe text again and think of
the word which bestfits eachgap. Use
only one word in each gap. Thereis an
exarnpleat the beginning(0).
4 Can you think of any other
science-f
iction programmes,booksor
film5 which have:
. successiuly
predctedfutureevents?
. remanedconvrna
ng y futuristc desptte
deveopmentsn technoogy?

Stor ?].ercthe future as predicted in the past

Even(0) .Ito.!/dt.thefantasytelevisionseriesSml lrek
hasbeenaroundfor over40 years,it maystill have
somecluesto offer aboutour own future.Many
scientists
arcavid fans.andever(1) ........ ..theshow
slafledin the 1960s.it ha! beenpraised(2) ... ...
sourceof inspirationandvisionaryideas.(3) . ..........to
oneof theprogramme's
scientificadvisers,
we've
(4)
caught . ......
.......
with andgonebeyondmanyof the
thingsfearured(5) . .......
.....
theoriginalseries.So how
muchof lhe programme
hasbecomescienceiact,
(6) ..........-......
how muchis still scienceficrionr
(7) ............
....thingsastricorders,
communicators
and
intedctivecomputers
are(8) . ^ -' longerfantasy.
Magneticrcsonance
imaging.mobilephonesandthe
Internetappeared
in reallife long(9) ......... . rhe
23rdcentury,(10) ............
is whnrheshowhird
predictedthatsuchtechnology
(11) . ..
be
available.
Evendermalregenerators,
usedin urc
fictional24thcenturyto healwoundsinstantly,
anticipated
today'suseoflasersto healtissueand
repaireyedamage.
The transpo(eris probablythemostmemorabte
feafureof Sr4rnzk, but couldit become(12) ......
......
reality?Physicists
(13) ......
.......
theideaof teleportation
seriouslyandtherehavebenvariousattempts
to
'tmnsport'objecEfrom (14) . .....
.... placeto another.
(l5l
Sadly.
hot-!erer.
.. Scientfic
An, rirun
magazineis to be believed,'the telepot^tion of large
objectsor humansrcmainsa fantasy'.

u\11 l 2

Writing: essay(Part 2)
1 In the examyou may haveto write an essay
Youshould
in whichyou presentan argument.
. usea semlforrnastye
. makesurethat youorganise
yourarqumentclearly
. linkyourideas
y
approprlate
. remember
isto explainyourpoint
that the purpose
of v ew or persuade
the Teader
to agreewith you.
You can organisean essayin differentways,You
can:
a) presentbothsldesof the argumentoneby one
with:
andthensaywhichoneyouagree
| "lnlroduolion
sralins si{ualion
-1wo
orth.ee
L
Pornrs suPPof_1\.3
one srde o{ the ar_Sumenl
-ru.lo
3
ol- {hr.ee polnrs s\Jppo|-lr.3
the olheF srde o{ the
^.3uhenl
{ Co.c\usio^ s1a+i.3 you,- opinion

A nati eroi tme

2 Thinkaboutthe purpose
of an essay,
an
articleand a report.Complete
the tableusing
words and phrasesfrom the box.
usescoourfu language
language
u5e5semr-tormal
usesobjectiveanguage,
oftenwith the passve
presents
a clearargumentin llnkedparagraphs
canusebulletpoints
for effeel
us95Paragrapl_5
makesrecommendations
basedon fact5
entertains
persuades
throughdiscussion
knownreader(x 2)
generalreader

e55ay

arti(le

rcpon

language

purpose

b) presentargumentsfor and aganst specifc po nts

andthensaywh ch oneyou agreewithi

organisation
I ln-frodoctLon iranr 3ttjaion
7 Point I - argLy^enis +o( and agahs'f
a Poht 2 - argfi\en+i +or and aln3r
Poh-r 3 - a.g,lnent5 fo( and dtni+
5 Conclo5lor.,Efdnng 5otl( ophi<rrl
.^-**f

-'r.

r--."4r'*'

*'

- .-'.....//'

usesparagzphs
for effect

targetrcader known
reader

-'--, -,/2

backlng
up
c) present
onlyonesideof theargument,
yourdeaswithdetals
3 Lookat the followingtask.Decide:
whetheryouagreeor disagree
with the statement
youressay
how youwantto organise
whatdetailsyouwantto include.

I Introduclion slaling si{ua{ion an/

Z Poin+sfor + 6upporlihs &tail
3 Points against + supportihs letail
tt Conclusion
cohfirrningleur opinion
* * ^ -, .. - . } . r . "' - ' r ' . J.2 ,'.2 ')'*.|

You havehad a (lassdiscussion

on the valueof
studyingthe past,and whether it is important
to help us preparefor the future. Now your
giving
teacherhasaskedyou to write an essay
your opinionson the following statement:
Theteis liftle paint in pteseNingbuildingsand
storiesfrom the past - we shouldloak to the
future,not livein the past.
Write your essayin 220 260 words.

Uh_ lT l2

A md tt er olt im

4
1 Theessay
belowwaswrittenin answerto the
task.Readit and answertheseqLrestion5.
1 Whatorganisat
on hasthewriterused?
2 lsthestyesemJormalornformal?

2 Completethe following outline of the essayin

note torm.
lntoducl)an starenent ol top.tc
secondpara
Point1

'I wr aL
s t Le p -rp o ' e o [ l rp I o l o rrL d l q u e r tronat

the endof the introduction?

Th rd para:
Point1

Sove 7eo7tesel +l.r+ i+ is . wa3fe af +ir

+o ?'.esqve I'B+on, a.J ihai ile ?a5i i.s
Eo$e*n sl('^lA be +atgai-iq. Atri is *lais

Or ilre are lan/, there is . s+rov9 .rgu/si

lot toou.'v9Iu*tds,
ha+ rrckrJeds. L,+e i.'
+4l. livihg &U +or +aking risks) td we otl
hever $ll/ ,i?re,idte y!+{+ livihg .rv,/itirr\s
were l\Le aoo lP.a.s ry. S? wl4t i3 tle
?oii + \^ ?r$ewiyg olA luildihgs, td ledrni
alart *hem? rtlorey coull le loiter sFi+ ,'\

on +he a+|r ha./, al+l h it is +rua ilat

we .4\'+ ch4.9e +he tost, i+ i.5 whre we
oa. e +ro$. 30 \+ we ce\ wlevsl*l
il, ud
ldu Teo?le l,ve\ ils *t car elsa uh&r3ird
t^o'.e bor+ d.^rselves, Ah/ e,rel/ $/e ha/e .
resrohsitili+y to {rture 9*raiia6s,
so
+ha++he/ +ao .s !lv\&rsi*d +lreir

1i sens to me +lrf ly.rwiry Nirere ,ra

aorc 4rom gives us a sense rf i/*+it
c./
v6de,s+a,"/in o+ ctsc:lye5. For +hb reasov!
I +l +l^at +[ere b , lo+ af poih+ ih
r.e-5eryi69 ald luildiry.' *n sto.ies +o^
the Tasl aa/ ihat the slalemeh+ is wrrv9.
obvir{5|/ we -slrul/ .a+ liye lh tlre p.s+, rut
$reshauu rererY'ler i+.

Concusion:
.. ..
3 Highlightfour linkingwordsor phrases
in the
essay.
Whichone introduces:
. ihefirstdeaT
. a contrastrng
deaT
. anopinion?
4
.
.
.

What G the effed oI usingthesewords?

surely(para3)
too (para3)
(para
obvously
4)

5 Lookat the essay

again.Underline:
. a phrasewh ch introduces
a generalstatement
ratherthanthe writer'sop n on
. a rhetorical
question
. lhe sentencen the concuson that I nksbackto
theintroduction.
5 The essayistoo short (200words).Work
with a partnerandthink of one extradetailthat
yo(rcouldaddto eachof the middleparagraphs.
Thenadd yourpointsto the essay.
Makesure
that you linkthem in usingappropriate
linking
6 Now lookat the tollowingtask. Writeyour
own answer,usingone of the approaches
suggested.
Remember
to planyourideasandto
linkyourparagraphs
and ideaswithinparagraphs.
Youhavehada classdiscussion
on why it is
importantto preservethe past.Now your
tea(herhasaskedyou to write an essay
giving
youropinionson the {ollowingstatement:
Weshouldspendmorc maneyan preservingour
past- tt ts toa tmportantto lose.
Write your essayin 220 260 words.
F Writing refercncep.210

t' \rr
1 Thinkof oneword onlywhichcanbe used
appropriately
in all threesentences.
'| Thedatefor theopening
of theie\^rml]seum
has
been
lor nextSeptember
prolecthasbeen
A research
the taskof
n\ e)liod

no $r ".1 "

r o r dlo d' . do,

a r(r\.

Bever
ey had... . . . outat dawn,deter.nined
to
f ndthearchaeological
sitebeforeunchtime
2 Onh s tr p across
theUSA,Brettdidn'tmakeit to
sanl-ran-rr.o
beLd"se
he
orr of
'an
W th thebeneftof h ndsghtwe canseethatthe
nventon wasyearsaheadof ts
t's not that Phoebe
waswrong,shejustdidn't
choose
a good
to brng upthesubject.
3 Contribut
onsto the nternational
charity
appea
have.. ... ..onem I on do lars.
,. o r n .r od . n - qa . hnt r . r l1F

and

reaisedhewaslookingat h ms."f asa smallboy.

n the 1970s,
Brtan onlyhadthreery channels
and
popuar programmes
often
anaudenc-o
ol
4 Thereb
no .. .. in dong furtherresearch
into
ttmetraveasit'sc earlynevergo ng to be possble
Onenteringthe o d caste, yoLrget a rea
of
h storyandhow ife mlst havebeenin the past
Pennywasso absorbedn the sci-f novelthat she
h,.l l^ + :

^f

r m . n: < < . n

5 Thecolegepr ncipasad thathe

to bring
thecatering
facltie!upto date.
We decidedto askthe ectLrrer
what he
exactly
.. r6-

ra

-6t

,t6 o a ? .,r L

' c6 t,
^rt

on

Of a I theawards
thattheactress
wonduringher
career,
the Oscar.. ... the mostto her.
2 Choose
the correctalternative
in eachof
theseSentences,
1 Tomsad he hadl !,/ouldhayeeveryntentonof
project
finishing
h s research
beloretheendof term.
2 Whenit wasfirsttele\tised,
rabaat couldpredrct/
couldhavepredictedha$'successlu
Starlrek was
ng
to
be.
9o
' '

72 Review

3 Complete
the secondsentence
sothat it
hasa similarmeaningto the firstsentence,
usingthe word 9iven.Do not changethe word
given,Youmustusebetweenthreeand six
words,including
the word given.Hereis an
example(0).
0 Thearchtectwantednobodyto knowabouth s
newroea.KEEP
Thearchitect
wanted.t9.!t9."e"P..h.l9.Lew-..!d.?.4
e.
Sectei.

1 OLrrvrsitors
experienced
a two-hourdeay on the
motorway.HELD
Ourvisitors
were
. ... .... two hours
on the motorway
2 Someone
oughtto haveet thepolceknow
aboutthe ncident
at once.REPoRTED
Theincrdent
should
the
porceat once.
3 Sally
orignaly ntended
to travebyairrather
thanby train WAS
Sally's
..
travelby a r rather
inanby tratn
4 f we wantto b d in theaucton,we mustdo t
500n.otiT
Time
if we wantto b d n
theaucton
5 At eastth ny Futuro
houses
maystI bein
existenceTHoUGHT
At eastth rty Futurohouses
exGl
5 Sallydldn'tknow t, butheratttudewoud soon
change.ABOUT
Sallydidn'tknow t, butthere

... .... ...changen herattitude.

7 lohn'shar realy needs
cuttingT|IIE
i's .
.. ....haircut
8 Tommy!planeshould
havelanded
at 15.00,but
there'sno signof it yet SCHEDULED
Tommy!plane
.... .............at 15.00,but
there'sno signof it yet

t-- .oulo

make havecometrue
4 As a schooboy,lerean
,\ r/aaaa':aa ,.ai ,..antingto
becomea professionalica:aa
:_
peop
5 Some
e dreamabcL:'"^ :-. :.:_:j tr'g
beforetheyhappen/ ,",c-: -...:-

Goto www.iTests.com
or your CD-ROM
for interadiveexampractice,

153

NI T

A waywithwords
Reading:multiple
matching(Part4)
Discr.rss
thesequestions.
1 Doyou ikereadng about
ceebrites?Why?Whatisso
fascnatingaboutthem?
2 Do youth nk there s too much
writtenaboutceebritesnthe
mediagenera
ly nowadays?
t

2 Readthe articleon page

155quicklyto seeif youridea5
arethe sameasthe writer's
and find:
. the namesof two pubisheB
. the namesof threeghost
wrlters
. the namesof two ceebrites.
3 Whichsectiontalksabout:
1 theatttudeof newceebrties?
2 the resuts of an Llnexpected
success?
3 how a ghostwriterworks?
4 howa dealwasstruck?
5 whata celebrty
autobography
contains?

4 Youare 9oin9 to readan articleabout ghostwriters,the

peoplewho actually
write many(elebrityautobiographies.
For
questions1-15.choosefrom the sections(A-E).Thesectionsmay
be chosenmore than once.
In which sectionof the articleis eachof the following mentiond?
a ghostwriterwhoseworkissaldto havernfuencedotherwriterslltI

onepublisherb
modest
expectations
for a celebrty
autobiogfaphy
EE
the attitudeof aspiring
celebrities
to the meda
the needto fulfilpeople's
expectations
regardng the celebrty

lf-tr]
-'T__l
ghost
profession
the changing
statusof
writeEin the
ftT l tBT l
the lackof prestige
celebrity
autoboqraphies
oncehad
in the industry
ttT-l
{Tf-l
reason
prodlce
the
why celebrities
feela needto
an
autobro9raphy

r'rt

the needto keepon goodtermswith the celebrty

Ron

therangeof companies
nowpublshng celebrty
autobographies
n-il_l
the typeof consumer
thatcelebrity
autobiograph
esappealto

RZft

ghostwriterscanexpectln returntor
the lackof recognition
theirefforts

1-ItT-l

the indifference
of onecelebrity
to a book'ssuccess

tirft

gettingcloseto the
a ghostwriterwho hadproblems
celebrity
concerned

n-l

5 Matchthe wordsand phrasesfrom the articleto their (losest

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I
9
10
11
12

154

to be lookeddownupon(A)
(A)
clued-up
(A)
rnusi-have
to turn up one3nose(B)
(8)
downmarket
(B)
royaltes
to turn down(B)
to tap (C)
shirty(D)
(E)
would-be
to openup (E)
to bond(E)

a) of low socal status

b) moneyearnedfromsalesof a book
c) showdisgustfor
d) becomefr ends
e) considefed
nferiorto
f) aspirlng
g) essential
h) becomemoreconfdenta
i) wellinJormed
j) refuse
k) expoit
) shown9 irritation

t NIT l3

A way wfth words

The Ghostltriters
The celebrity autobiography is the publishing phenomenon of our age.
But @hoactualb .orites themT

15

A New6tylcelebrilyautobiographies
havetwo thingsin
commonrtheyareavailablein all mannerof retailoutlets,
andnonof themwasactuallywritlen
by thepersonwhose
nameappearson the cover.Ghost\aritrs,\riro used to be
mtherlookeddown upon in the industryare well on lhe
wayto becomingth dominantlileraryfiguresofour time.
whowrotetheautobiography
oI a
Accordingto LucieCave,
arg A/olhelwinner:All of thesepeoplewho emergefrom
showslike BrgBrofie' knowjusthow muchtheycan sell
theiriirstintewiewfor.They'refar moreclued-up
thanever
is a natumlo\lension
beforelTheclebriq,autobiography
oI that.Ils becomethe muslhaveaccessofyfor anyone
who! reacheda certainlevel ol iame.Obviouslythese
peoplecan'l write their bookslhemselves,
so they need
lo do it for them.
someone
B Andyetonlya le\ryearsago,publishe6
rgularly
turned
r.rplheir nosesat celebrityautobiographie,
on lhe grcunds
thattheywereeithertoo downmarket
or wouldn'tsell.But
nowtheyleallin on thacl,fromlhe lofliestto thelowliesl.
Sowhathappened
to causesuch
a massiveshift
in attitude?
]b answerthatquestionwe needto lollowa trailthaileads
back to the BritishcelebritymodelJordan.ln Novembef
2003somevery unlikelylookingpeoplecameto seelhe
publisher
JohnBlakeat hisLondonoffice.Blakes company
specialises
in the'stackrem'h'gh
showbizendofth ma*el.
turnedup.allof
Asuccession
ofwhatlookedlikewideboys
themcoveredin goldchainslherecalls.
Theysaid:"Doyou
wantto do Jordansbook?we want a millionpoundsup
frontand noneot lhis nonsense
aboutroyalliesl"
Amused
declined,
assum
ing that\aould
but iar fron tempted,Blake
be thal ButstillJordaDspeoplecontinuedcallinghim up
periodicallyEventuallyafter every other publisherhad
signedJordanandherghosl
turnedthe bookdown,Blake
writer,RebeccaFamwonh,for a comparati\lr,
low fee ot
510,000.'l
can'tsaywe hada greatdealoflailh in thebookl
C Being Joftlan came out on a Thursda! in \4ay By
copi6. beatingothe.celebrit)
Saturday
it hadsold 100,000
autobiographies
suchas Bill Clintoni lll Itrk handsdown
lhatweeksnumbercnero!l b! tent(}one.
and oulselling
'ItwasamazinglBlake
was
remembers
E\'tonconcerned
is,erceptlor Jo.dai helself,who
overjoyed
- everyone,that
tooklhe wholethingin herslride l do. r ti lnksheactuall_v
read the book. For her it \!as ius: .:i. dolng another

."...f_.-, -. - - ""--....
"

calendaror a magazine
shootlIl wasai thispointthatthe
r6t of thebooktradebelaledlyrouseditsellfromjtsstupor
andtooknotice."ilrre
haddefinitlyben
a lotolsnobbery
aboutthesesortsof book beforelsysBenDunn,editorjal
d.rclordr lourrh f,.rdre.Burwharwa: exrrdordin"ry
wd5
thatthe peoplebuyingtheJordanbookwerentlraditional
bookbu)rs.You
hadasituationwherepeopleweretossing
paperbacksinlo their supermarket
lrolleysalong with
packelsol b'scuits.Suddenly,
there wre whol new
possibilities
marketing
waitingto be tappdl
D when the marktexploded,so
lhe ghostwriters'profile
ivilhin the book trade- and in severalcasestheir bank
balances
- erplodedwith it.Themanwidelycrditedwith
lakinSgrearestadvantageof a changingclimateis the
veleranjournalistHunterDavies,
the authorof someforty
books,includingfootballer
WayneRooney!aurobioSraphy
M}.ltoryJoFor'Themostimportantthingof all in ghoslingl
youle not
saysDavies,
is gettingthe voiceright.However,
ncessarily
lryinglo gertheirrealvoice,but
ratherthevoice
lhatpeopleperceive
to them.For
instance,with
asbelonging
Wayne,
we all knewthathelsonlyyoungand hadvirtually
no education,so
lhad to keepit relatively
simple.The
result,
while hardlyintrospective,
did allordreadersa glimpseol
ghostlile insideWayneshadlAnothervry successful
writersays:Youie nol their friend,but you musthavean
equalityol relationship
thatmakesil appearthatyou are.
Norareyouthe; peEonalassistant,
althoughif theyaskyou
lo do anythingfor them,youll do il,because
anyusof the
word'no couldresullin themgettingshirty:
E Thenewcelebityautobiographies
maynot be highart,
bul the mostsuccessful
onesdeliveran alluringmix ol
scandal,confession,hardslrip
andglamour.Ma|k
Mccrumis
oneofa newbreedof Shostwriters.
WhenhewroteRobbie
williams' Sonerody Somedal - and in the proce$
redelinedfor the profession
whata ghostedautobiography
ghostswhowere
couldbe-he wasoneof several
would-be
interviewed
lor thejob.dshesays:llound it verydiJliculiat
liEt it wasalivaysratherformal,a bit like intelvlewing
royaltylhen,ight at the end,he openedup abouthis life
andI reallyleltthatId bondedwilh himjButwhatever
else
ghostwritersmightbe in it foi its not the gloryll theyle
luckliihey mightget a credit,althoughthis is likelyto be
buriedawayin suchtinyprini thatI'oud be llcky to lind it
glass.
wilhouia magnib'ing

tiNIT 13 A waywithwords

Vocabulary 1: adverbials
expressing
attitude
1
1 How do we express
our feelingsand ideas
clearly?Lookat the statementsbelow.One
word in eachsentencetells you how the
personisfeeling.L,nderline
the word,and
decidewhichpersonis indicating
that:
a) theyhaveheardthat somethlng
ls truethough
lneyarenol sure.
b) somethng s easly noticedor undeFtood.
c) theythinkthatthereisno doubtaboutsomething.
d) theyarespeakng for onlythemselves.
e) theyare9 v ng the most mportantinformation.
f) theyarespeakng dlrectlyand honesty.
g) whattheyaresaying
isin facttheirtrueopinion,
or
contrast
ng what hasbeensad before.
1 Franky, thinkthat bookswrittenby celebrities
are
usualy overrated.
2 Actualy,on secondthoughts don'trealy wantto
go outtonrght.
3 We , basicalyit'sjusta matterof fi lingin a form
andtheydo the restfor yoLr.
4 | wasn'tat the conference
myself,but apparently
it
wasa success.
5 Manypeople
enjoygoingto thecinema
but
.6r(^.r

h/ |

^/6f6r

rh6 rh6)ir6

6 Hewasso upset- c earynotinviting

himto the
p a d ywa sa mstake.
7 We don't havemuchmoney,so obviously
knowing
the totalcostof the tr p isveryimportant.
2 Two of the words are almostinterchangeable.
Whicharethey?
2 Workwith a partnerDecidewhichof the
alternatives
in the followingsentences
is most
likely,and why.
1 Theyoungmanwasreadingavidy andwas
actually
I personally
/ abvloustenjoyingihe book.
2 Wel, basically/ apparcntly/ pesonally all lhat
happened
wasthat wasto d to concentrate
more
in classl
3 l'veknownCarlofor yea$- obviously
/ actually
I
pe$oral/yhe'smyo destfriend.
4 lt'sa difficultsltuaton al @rnd,andfrankly/
apparently
/ clearlyI w shyou hadn'tsaidwhat
youo o.
y I couldntbeat the meeting,
5 Unfortunate
but
clearly
/ apparently
/ franklyfromwhatl'veheardit
wasusetuand productive.
156

6 Coiaqo^ wra_rapoe'edarierwardc,
it wa( ./ear4/
frankly/ pesonallythe wrongdecison.
7 Apparently/ Abviously/ Actuallyna-one s
suggesting
that it wasyouTfaut - youweren't
eventnerel
8 lts easyto find out eveMhingyou need10know
aboutthe project.Apparently
/ Clearly
/ Basically
al
you haveto do s go on to the Internetano
pack.
downloadthe information
3 Lookat the followingstatements.
I'm amazedthat rcadinghasn'tdiedout all together
by now- what'sthepotntof it nawadays?
Technology
has takenovet and wejust dan't needtt.
ln histaricalterms,readingand writinghaveanlybeen
accessible
to everyanequiterecently,but it haschanged
the wo d. Wherewouldwe be without then?
Work with a partner Choosea statementeach
andthink of four arguments
to supportit. Then
disoss
themwith your partnerUseadverbials
whereappropriate
to showhow you feel.

Grammar1: participleclauses
Participleclausesare quite formal and appear
morein writingthan in speaking.
Theyare
formed by repla(ingsomethingin a senten(e
with a presentparticipleGirg) or a past
participle.
Example:
'Yousee,l'd arrlvedfor worklateso manytimesin
the pastthat it wasn'ta surprsewhenthe boss
told meoffl'
Havingarrivedlatelor workon nurnerous
occasions,
Jackwasgivenan officialreprimand
by
hissuperior
Clauses
includinga participlecan be usedto
replacea relativepronounand a verb,and to
replacewordswhich give reasons,show results
or indi(atetime.

To replacea relative pronoun and a verb

1 Lookat thesesentences
and answerthe
questionsbelow.
1 a) People
who playspodregulafyaregeneraly
healthier
ihanthosewho don't.
playing
b) People
sportregularly
aregeneraly
healthier
ihanthosewho don't.

fNlT

readbooks
2 a)children
whoarebrougrri
-D:c
copewel at schoo.
b) Chldrenbrolghl up to readrookscopewellat
schoo.
'| Whichsentence
in eachpairusesa relative
clause?
Whichone usesa pafticipleclause?
(1 or2) hasanactive
2 Whichpairof sentences
meaning?
meaning?
Whichone ha5a passive
Complete
the rule.
A participle
c ausewith an actvemeanng usesa
partc ple.
.
a
A participle
c ausewith a passive
meaningLrses
. ....... paftcpe.
gives
2 lJsingparticiple
clauses
occasionally
you the opportunityto usea rangeof structures.
Rewritethe extractsfrom different written
documents
below replacing
the relativeclauses
with participle
clauses.
Example:
Students
who finishf rstshoud leavethe exam
roomquel|y,
5tuaent6flnl,htngflr6t ehorldleavcthc enn rcon
qutetty.
in the
1 Thewitnesses
sawa firewhichwasburnlng
distance
for the
2 Nota I the peoplewho werereqistefed
LU I E ' e " L s

d L r u d y d ( ( E,,u r u

3 Thepieceof woodthat washoldng the window

openhadfalenout,andth s alowedtheburglar
to enterthe house
a career
move
4 Yourprortywhenyouaremaking
shoud bethe saary.
5 we obrained
a copyo'rre 90\e'^nerl eport
wh chwaspublshed
lasiweek.
register
6 Anyone
whowantsto joinshould
on the
webste.
7 Hewasworkn9 at a deskwhichwaspiedhigh
wth papers,
andcearlyhs workng condiiions
wetepoor

To replacewordswhich give reasons,

show resultsor indicatetime
Whichword in the
3 Lookat thesesentences.
in eachpairindicates
reason,
result
{irstsentenae
it in the second
or time?What hasreplaced
sentence?
Complete
the rulesbelow.
I
r \ <,..6
u /o l i a .l
<^ 6
.t ;..
- ...^\,
^,4
- - ray.we
l- H- In. n, i. ..

..

upsetthatthehotewassor::

__.

.e ,\eTe

13

a way wilh words

2 a) Onceshehadf n shedherhomework,
she
decided
to go out.
b) Having
finished
herhomework,
shedecdedto
go out.
3 a)shehadbeento d thatshe(ouldappy forthe
course,
so shesentin a form.
b) Havingbeento d that shecoud appy for the
course,
shesentin a form,
Wordssuchas ...
and . ........ canbe
replaced
by a particpleclause.
Whenthe sentences in the past,the participle
c ause
canbeformedby .. .........+ pastpartcipe.
4 Rewritethe sentences
usingparticiple
clauses,
and removingthe linkingwordsor
expressions,
Makesurethat you usethe correct
ren5e.
Example:
Because
I wasbroughtup n Span, speakboth
Spanish
andEnglsh.
Havlng
bcenbrcuahrup]n 5paln,Iepcakboth
Spanlahand Englleh,

We havetwo smalchildrenandasa resut we

don't90 out muchn theevenrngs.
Havinq
two6nallch arcn,wcdon| qoout muchtn
1 Wearrivedverylate,sowe decidedto get a tax
tromthe airport.
2 I sawwhatthefoodwaslke in thehotel,soI went
to a restaurant
to eat.
3 Oncetheyhadanno!ncedtheirproposals,
the
management
expected
the workforceto support
tnerrnewpaystructure.
4 | lookedforwardto the partyfor weeks,andso I
wasupsetwhenit wascanceled.
5 Whenhehadfinished
hislunch,herushed
out oi
thehouse
to catchthetrain.
6 lordered
andconsequenty
lwasannoyed
a steak,
whenthewaterbrought
mef sh.
p.196(11)
+ Grammarreference

UNIT 13 A waywithwords

Readthe text below.Whichargumentdo you

thinkthe writersupports?
to
Rewritethe text usingparticipleclauses
replace
the numberedsections
and making
necessary,
anyotherchanges

The linguist
How do we all developlanguage?
Noam Chomskybelievedthat (1) we arebom with
an innatknowledseof srammarwith the result
tlal we don't needanyoneto teachus the grammar
(2) oncethev havestartedlo
of our natjvelaDguage;
speakgrammatically.
chiidren
automatically
sBq4k,
Thereis supportfor this theoryfrom studiesof
child language(3) libilblbly that childrenusethe
corrcctword orderwithout everhavingbeentaugbt
what that order is.
In contrast,the psychologistB.F.Skinner
behevedthat chrldrenmDstbe taughtlanguage.
(4) becaus
what thelrshoulddo is copv models.
They imitateeverythingthey heararoundthem
(5) and in this wav thev leam the rulesof their
nativelanguage.
But an interstingargument
againstthis is that the amounl of time it would lake
for a child to imitateeverythinglhey heardwould
actuallvexceedthe aseof the Eanhl

Discuss
thesequestion5.
1 Whichtheofydo youlikethesoundof?
when
2 Do youth nk lt is easierto learna language
youareyoungor whenyouareolder?
do youfind
Whataspectof learnng a lanquage
d
ff
most cult?

3 and4)
Speaking; discussion(Parts
the
I Workwith a partnerand complete
followingtask.Lookat the pictures
on page183.
yourown opinionsandto
Remember
to express
askyourpartnerwhat theythink.
Hereafesomepictures
showingdifferent
occupations
in whlchfuftherstudyisoften
First,talkto eachotherabouthow
undertaken.
importantii mightbeto continueto studyin the5e
Thendecidein whlchoccupation
occupaions.
fudherstudyis mostdifJicultto do.

2 Discuss
thesequestions.
1 Somepeoplesaythat studyingis a wasteot time,
andgettingexperience
ls moreimportant.
Whatdo
youthlnk?
2 Whatarethe advantages
andd sadvantages
of
studyingaloneandstudyingwith a teacher?
Do
youth nk that it is d fferentwhenyou are earning
a language
fromlearninganythlngelse?
3 Howfar do youagreethat studyng at schoolis
rro e rmpo.la-t
l_anstuoyi-g
asa_adut)
4 Whatdo yo! thinkarethe mostlmportantsubjects
How
to includefor youngpeope nowadays?
importantis it to learnotherlanguages?
5 Howimportant
arecommunicatlon
skik?
6 Howdo youthinktechnology
wil nf uence
education
in the future?

Exam focus
Paper3 Useof English:multiple-choice
cloze(Part 1)
Aboutthe exam:Paper3, Part1 isa shortcloze
passage
from whichtwelvewordshavebeen
removed.
Foreachgap,you mustchoosewhichof
question
the four wordsin the multiple-choice
fitsthe gap bes1.
Thesequestions
tesl your
understanding
of f ixedphrases,
collocations,
linkingwordsand expressions
and
(e.9.dependentpreposit,ons,
complementation
gerundand infinitive,
etc.),aswell asyourlexical
knowledge.
Suggestedprocedure
1 Readthe text quicklyto get a generalideaot
what it isaboutand how it isorganised.
Don't
answeranyo{ the questions
untilyou'veread
the wholetext,
2 Lookat eachgap in turn and think aboutthe
word
sentence.
Canyou predictthe missing
beforeyou lookat the options?
3 Lookto seeif the word you predicted
is one o{
the {our options.lf it isn't,lookJorreasons
why the optionsdon't fit the gap.For
example,
the wrongpreposition
mayfollow
the meaningrnaynot be exactlyright,etc.
guess- you
4 lf you'renot sureof an answer,
don't toseanymarksif you get an answer
wron9.
read
5 Whenyou'veanswered
all the questions,
the wholetext againto makesureallyour
r.akesensein the contextof the
an5wefs
wno e passage,

r' \l l

I Forquestions
l-12, readthe text belowand decidewhichanswer
{A, B,C or D) best{itseachgap.Thereisan exampleat the beginning(0)
Example:
0 A
nl

come

made

C caught

D met

-l-

An unusuallysuccessful
lesson
A schoolin Scotlandhas(0) .. ..n.. . up with an unusualway to improveits
pupils'bealthandwclfbeing,(1)
. . at thesametime helpinSthemto
childrenhavestaneddoinga typeof
becomebetterleame$.The six-year-old
eachchildchooses
a
massage
thatwtlsdelelopedin Sweden.Intheclasses,
(2)
their
back,
neck
and
partncrandtakesit in
....to receivea massage
of
shoulders.
Not only do thechildren(3) .. ... . theactivjtyfun, but thiskind
of massage
also(4) .. ... muscletension.
havelinkedit to a story
To (5) . ........ intercstto theactivity.theteachers
abouta smallboy who wantsto play in the snow,but firsl mustput on his
glasses
.. ofthe glasses
is tracedon thechildren'sshoulders.
- the(6) .
Thenhe helpshis mumwith thebaking- lhis involveskneadingthe
shoulders,
andfinally he goesout for a walk andhasto (7) . ... ihe snow
ofThis coaton his retum.Thestoryis told slowly,eachmovemenlbeing
repeated
threetimes.
classes
started.thechildrenusedto chatterand(E)
Whenthemassage
concentration.
about,but now theyarequiet,theirfacespicluresof (9) . . .
(10)
are
noticeably
. themin otherwaystooi they
And the activity
aswell as being
calmerandmore(11)
ofeachotherin lhe playground
(12)
morerelaxedand
... ... to leamin theclassrcom.
'l
2
3
4
5
5
7
8
9
10
1l
12

A wh st
A rota
A perceve
A supports
A add
A figure
A brush
A joke
A stresstu
A promotes
A friendly
A enthLJs
astic

B otherwse
B turns
B find
B comlorts
B earn
I form
B mop
B mess
B hea!ry
B enhances
B tolerant

C whereas
C order
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c

relieves
gain
protie
swe-"p
aLrgh
ntense
favours
co-operative
optimEtic

D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D

instead
sequences
discover
sottens
increase
shape
dust
kid
strong
benefits
helpful
fond

( asses
area good idea?
2 Do you thinkthe massage
Whatothernon-academic
actjvitletdo you think couldhelpahildren's
concentration?

13 A w ayw l h wor ds

{]NIT 13 A wayw ih words

Vocabulary2: communication
idioms
1 Lookat the h;ghlighted
expressions
in the
followingsentences,
Usethe contextto work out
what they mean.Thencheckyour ideasin a
dictionarysuchasthe longman ExamsDictionary.
1 Hermannerot speech
was,to saythe least,
ratherorigina
.
jun standaround
2 | hatepartres
wherepeople
and
makesmaI talkwith peoplethey'venevearnet
beforeand maynevermeetagan.
3 IVlyyoungersisterwasverynaughtytoday she
got a realtalkingto fromour fatherl
4 I dislke I stening
to polticians
whentheyjusttalk
andta k and neverget to the point.
5 lustcouldn'tmakeheadnor tail of whatthe
ecturerwassayng - he used50manyobscute
wordsthat 've neverheardof!
6 I hatego n9 out with workco leagues
whenall
theydo istalkshop- we allhavea lifeoltside
the offlce,but theyseemto ignorethatl
7 | thought'd madeit c earbutshegot holdof the
wrongendof the stick- I askedherto comeon
Saturday
butsheturnedup on Sundayl
8 t's d ff cultto havea reaiconversation
with him
because
hedoesn'tseemto understand
turn,
taking- heta ksand can'tgeta wordin
edgeways
I thinkwe'vebeentalkingat cross-purposes
I
wasta k ng aboutmysistetnot mystster-in-law,
soyounavem sunderstood.
10 lts difficult
to workfor someone
whoth nK5
they'rebetterthanyou,especia
ly whentheytalk
downto you a I the time.
11 lvlysistefisverystratghtwith everyone
- she
alwaysspeaks
hermind,evenf t offendspeople.
l2 Ici_l trdl \^erava-o p-l down ^e od..e(,so
to speak,betweenpeope so that we canall get
on we .

150

2 Workwith a partner.Thinkof a situationto

illustrate
one ofthe expressions
from Exercise
1.
Yourpartnershouldguessthe expression
you are
illustrating.
Example:
A: I wastalkingta my sisterbut shewouldn't listen
and wasgoingon abauther ownproblen' sa
that it was impossiblefot me to sayantthing!
B. Youmeanyau couldn'tqet a watdin edgeways!
3 Somephrase5
with sayare usefulin
speaking.
Matchthe functions1 6 to the phrases
a-f. Thenwrite a two-linedialogueusingthe
phrases.Practisesayingit with a partner.
Example:
A. I thinkthat it'sgoingta snowtamaftavL
B: Well,as it's3A degreestodayit seemsvety
unlikely,wouldn'tyau say?
1 to showthatyoudon't knowthe answerto
somelning
2 lo asksomeone
else!op nionwhenyouwantto
iniuencethem
3 to asksomeone
e se'sop n on
4 to showaqreement
5 to indicate
thatsomething
istruein spiteof what
you havelustsatd
6 to indcatethatsomething
s generaly
uncerta
n
a) | wolrldsaythat the planshoud work
b) Sorry| coLrldn't
say.
c) Read
ng any'thing
isa goodth nq.Havng saidthat,
I thinkitb important
thatbooksarewe I wrlren
d) lt seems
veryunlkely,wouldn'tyousay?
e) Whatwou d yoLrsay?
t) Whocansay?
4 Discuss
thesequestions.Tryto usethe
expressions
from Exercise
3 in yourdiscussion.
1 Howdo youfee whenpeopletalkshop?Doyou
everdo t?
2 Areyougoodat makng smaltalk?How mpoatant
do youthinkit is?Thinkof stuations
whenit
mightbean tmportant
skilltohave
I Whenwasthelasttimeyougotthewronqendof
the st ck?Describe
what happened.
4 Whatcanyoudo whensomeone
talksdownto
you?Hovveasys t to dea wrththisstuaton?
5 s it a waysa goodthingwhenpeope speak
their
m nd) Whatprobemsm ght t cause?
6 WL"^ | s di'{. -l o 9a-a word n eogeways.
do
youiee irustrated?
Howimportantdo youth nk
turn takln_o
s n reationshps?

ri\IT l3

2
Grammar2: passives
is
1 Wheredo youthinkthe passive
usedmostoften?why do youthinkthis
is?Matcha sourceand reasonto eachof
the {ollowingextracts.
1 Manb ttenbydog
ly b! 1 n 1854,and
2 Thehousewasorigina
wasextended
in 1895whenthewest
wingwasadded.
on of the boardisthat
3 Therecommendat
thepolcyshoud beimpemented.
and
4 Themanwascharged
wth robbery
remandedn custodyfor threeweeks.
the
5 lt s hopedthat the projectw ll address
reasonable
solution
underly
ng issues
anda
wl bereached.
Sources
pressrelease gu debook
newspaperheadlnereport
cr mina record

of
2 Readthe article.Someexamples
havebeenhigh ighted.Nratch
the passive
a-d to one
eachofthe usesof the passive
oJthe examples.
ve means
!/e canavoidan
a) llsingthepass
in themidde
awkward
change
of sublecr
oTa 5enrence.
^{i a n

lKA

rh a

.r ( (

Childrento be offered lessonsround the clock

A truon.y-hit schoolwi lensthenitshous ondodd
onlineteochingto enticeboredpupits

_ts
- r h<

aite.dinga schoolcriticised
ior its poortruancy
record
are
CHILDREN
A5paftofthetwo ysr pilotprolect,
belnqoffered24 holr teaching
witho.li.e teachinq
throughout
tlre.lght and
theyareprovided
keptopenfiom 7 a.m.lo10pm.
classroomrare
ro hes ool{ l rrs asledaoor_t"e o'o ecr r "
Whenr \pote<Fan
provided
a wrlrienstatehent
explaini.9
thatit wasanattemptto meet
normally
forcedio flt in witheduction
thneeds
ofchildren
polnted
Thestatement
conventions
outihat ch drenmustwantto
mostplaylruanlbecause
theyarenotenlaged
comeintoschool,and
to the
bvthelrssont(2)ll wasbelieved
ihatlhosewhodon'trespond
mightbestimulated
ande-mentor
ng,and
ca5sroon
byon nelearnrng
y reduced
wouldbesigniicant
s a resulttheraksof {3Jtruancy
duringthelifeof lh project.
qeneray weco.ned
hasbeen
Theinitiative
asa. exa.npe
oi creatve
thinkingoutside
lhebox,anddesefles
to b. g ve. a ia r chance
a though(4Jitsfindingswillbe
closely
monitorcd
bycducational
in themonthsto come.
autho.ities
- - . , - . - - - +*

Rea5ons
charge
moreimportant
thaniheperson
maKng rr
information
moreimportant
thanagent
mpoftant
no agent- objectmore
than
subJect
objector eventmoreimportantthan
subject
needs
to soundoblectve
andimpersonal

h\ \A/a

A waylvrthwords

to thespeaker
d ) W euseth ep a ss!e,,-a' ": aa'.=:a'w o ud r e q u irth
e e.r;aa' .' -a.''-a'.'
pronoUn,
VagUe
e q :a-=--. a ..

r
Il
*
{
I

.'dr-"

3 Lookat the wordsin italicsin the following

ls it possible
sentences.
to makethispartof the sentence
passive?
lf yes,makethe transformation.
lf not, why not?
I Saneonev,ill beableto answetall) ou quettioff ve"l
wi | 5oonbe abe to expa n
2 Theysaythat atahaealogisis
how the pyramdswereconstructed.
3 Students
havebeenasklrgfor somemoterevsionon the
Romanperiodoi h story
4 L,e\bodybeheves
hl\ 'd .pdrd,"
thatthego.e'n're_r
too much.
5 hada greatsurprsetodaywhenthepeop/eaf the /r/and
Revenue
sentme a chequefor overpaid
ia
6 Youmustcleanupyaurroombeforeyoudo anlthingelsel
abraad
7 Thecolege]sgoingfo sendmatethan20 students
ta study.
got a lanfastically
8 Someone
highscarein the test,buII
don'tknowwhoit wasL

.h

kno,,.!a.,:- _c,e.
asthink,believe,
generalopinion
::a:a-etl
c) us ng the passve ca_
_"d
,lp e
-a<:
'
10
'o
:
i
.
.. ..
i
90.n d

4 Work with a partner.Lookat the following

what youthinkthe schoolshoulddo,
situaiion.Discuss
for release
to the localpress
andthen writea statement
yoursolution.lJsethe passive
asmuchas
describing
possible.
A lacalschoalis findng it difficuh ta mativatestudentsto
and spatlingactivities,and fears
takepaft in extra-curricular
thatstudentswillbecameunfitand unhealthy
i:" Grammarrcferencep.196(12)

tl\IT 13 A waywlh words

Listening:multiplechoice
(Part1)
'I Discu55
thesequestions.
I Whatarethequait esof a goodteacher?
2 Howshoud theperformance
of a teacher
bejudged?
a) through
examresults?
b) through
student
feedback?
c) by assessrng
h yher mpacton students'
lvesand
deveopment?
prepare
youngpeope for ifeor
3 Should
educatlon
lor work?

, ExtractTwo
Youoverhear
two youngpeopletalking
abouta course
the girl did.
3 Whatwast a coLr6e
in?
A lewelery
rraking
B fashion
design
C tineart
4 Theyagreethat the coursetutorsshoud have
A introduced
students
to peope who coucl
helpthem n theircareers.
B helped
students
to organsepublicshowngs
of theircreatve work.
C madearrangements
fot students
to gan
Some
workexper
en(e.

Yol] hear part of a televiseddebateabout

technology
and education.
5 Whatis DrAshbydoingn th s speech?
A puttingforwarda newtheory
B questioning
the results
of recentresearch
C revea
ingtheweakne55es
in a common
perception

2 Youwill hearthree different extracts.Choose

the answer(A, B or C)whichtits bestaccording
to
what you hear.

5 Dr Ashbymentonstelevis
on and rnobe
phones
to llustrate
A how technology
can nterferewth stLrdents'
abiltyto learnstudyskls.
peope arethe Jirstto seethe
B how yoLrng
potential
of newtechnology
C how predctionsaboutthe effectsof new
technology
cametrue.
pointof
3 Do you agreewith Dr Ashby's

Youhearpartof a radioprogramme
entitledMy
FavoutiteTeacher,in which a woman calledJill is
remembering
her schooldays.

4 Whatotheraspedsof new technology

canbe usefulin children!:
a) learning
of speci{(skils?
b) general
educat
on for Je?

1 J I fees that lvlissCopel greatest

qualitywasherability
A to keepcontroof the c ass.
B to keepthecassnrotvated.
C to keepherstudents
entertained

5 Lookat thesewords and expressions

from Dr Ashby's
talk. Listenagainand decide
if sheutedthem in a positiveor a negative

2 lil telsthestoryaboutthed ff cultstudent

In orderto
underline
lvliss
Cope!
A ncons
stentattitude
to discipl
ne.
B mpatencewithcertain
kindsof behaviour
C profess
onalsm n the faceof provocation.

indv duaistc self,centred hype

getto gripswth

L\IT 13

Vocabulary 3: similes(/tkelas)
ot writingto
Similes
areoften usedin speech
moreinterertrng
to listento,
makesomething
or to makea pointseemstrongeror more
memoraDte,

Simileswith ,rke
Example;
for ong he moved
Heneverseltledanywhere
a r o u n d a lthe ti me.
for long- he ived
He neversetted an!r'vhere
likea rollngstone.
1 Workwith a partnerWhatdo you thinkthe
with /lkemean?Writedown
highlighted
similes
yourideas,and thencheckin a dictionary
waytoday.
1 I'd adviseyouto keepout of th-"boss's
He'slke a bearwth a sorehead
withfriendsastyear,t wat
2 When wentcamping
ground
peacefu
so
- in spiteof theuncomfortable
s l e p tl kea lo g
3 realy didn'tenjoytheparty t wasn'tmyscene
fe t ikea f shout of water
ikethe
aboutsomessues,
4 Hefeelssostrongly
vaueof books- tel ng himbooksarea thingof
the pastls ikea redragto a bu l.
hespeakshejustsays
5 Hedoesn't
th nk before
the I rstth n9 that comesnto h s mind he'slikea
buI in a chinashop.

S imilewi
s th a s.,. as
link an adjective
and a nounto
Othersimiles
//6:16

: (rr^n^a.

a+ar.+

Example:
Hewasveryangryandwentred n theiace.
Hewasso angryhisfacewasasreda5a beetroot
Are theythe same
2 Matchthe similehalves.
to
lJseeachone in a sentence
in yourlanguage?
bringout its meaning.

3 aswhite
4 a s q u ck
5 ascoo

al as a gheer
D)a5aa ox
c dsa feather
c as; cLtcumoer
e aSalain

I and 2 to
3 Usesimilesfrom Exerclses
describethese people_: _:,:':akes
I lohnjlststsaroundon hsc,.'
parl n a_) of' " d(l , e.

A waywithwords

wlthoutlooking
at
HowcanSaLy
do presentatons
d I n e ^ o -, d b e t e i' e d
lssueal r ght?Shelooksrealypae - shoud we
(

n^o.i

(ho <aa< : rl ^.i ^r)

A: You ookveryreaxed,carlo- d d yous eepwe I

in thehote astnight?
B ver)\^"1- lre oeowasto or'oidble ep.
Thebossjust neverth nksbeforehe saysanlthng
he reallyputspeople's
backsup sometmes

Writing: proposal(Part2)
1 ln Paper2, Part2, you maybe askedto
writea proposal.
Youwill be givena taskand a
context,but you will needto useyourown ideas
in the proposal.
aretgt trueof a
Whichof the followng statements
proposal?
. ll iswrittenln an informal
style
. lt g vesfacts
. lt usesa rangeof interesting
vo(abulary
. t ispossb e to useheadngsandbuletponts
. I n.l o\ .uggelionso ecorrendalon.
2
'l Readthe followingwritingtask.
ln
Yoorcollegewantsto improveits results
foreignlangoage
exams.
Yourclasshas
conducteda 5urveyio identi{ythe reasonsfor
andyou havebeenasked
the currentsituation,
proposal
making
recommendations
to writea
(withreasons)
improve
it.
to
Writeyourproposalin 220-250words.
would be bestfor the
2 Whichorganisation
proposal?
lntroduction
Mainissues
denttied
Recommendations
wth
reasons
Conclusion

B
lntroduction
ons
Recomrnendat
Reasons
ior
recommendalons
ConcusLon

3 Discuss
with a partneryour ideasfor
. possible
reasons
forthestuation
. recornmendations
for mprovnq
lt

ti\il

ril

A waywithwords

3 Readthe proposal
below,whichwaswritten
in answerto the task.Compare
the ideasin the
proposalwith
yourown.Whichorganisation
has
the writer used?Fillin the missing
headings.
What recommendations
doesthe writer make,
and what reasons
doeshe give?
TlPl lf you.hoose to use bullet pointsin a
report or a proposdl,make surethat you st 1l
irsea ranqe of language.Don t be ternpted10
use notesor srmple9lTUftures.

a^e suift1 Laad,,^cted

st\de4+s ide li+tcd t6F
E^,i lab|eqs tun.hhnu^Eo.i^ 1e^:','4A +t^ecoIIeAe.
':
b:e
11"'sp,opos^']
wtI res l1^eieyobbns -ard
".ares
r eca^@
iaas +or \olar+ioa\,
^d^+

(r)

Highlightfive usesof the pa5sive.

Whichparts
proposal
of the
aretheyin?Why?Why is it
lmportantthat thesesedionsseemobjective
and impersonal?
Thewriterhasuseda rangeof structures.
Find
two participle
clauses
and underline
them.
Thewriterhasusedtwo expressions
that are
too informalfor a proposal.
Findthem and
rewritethem in a rnoreformalway,
Thewriterhasmadeeight(areless
spelling
mistakes.
Findand (orred them.what kind of
mistakes
weretheyTDo you makethiskind oJ
spellingmistakeyourself?
Makea noteo{ any
mistakes
that you do make,and learnthe
correctspelling.

'1 Readthe two tasksbelow

A^e a+ the biqqes+noblens idcqti|ied ia +rc sw^len

rs nofivaf,o+ lustdl+ts
don't Vet trac charcz to ,,t!e
l^a P6e.ha !^ahr 2c ott s'dz fhc cl^ss-oon,
so I
A M'd +ir lhe; la'be 'rlerested '+ ti.-tua ^ad
sect^d
{abLew is coae'tted+o +r,is,ul^tclLts lh^+ slltdc^+s
+Ad i+ di+icdt to to,tNto e^ch atrcr ia
^aoth't
l^atu ge be,:^1tse)t +eels a,h\^+1tr^|.
lL)

Thenumberof studentg
takingpart in sporting
activitie5
at yourcollegeisfalling.Yourclass
has(onducteda 5urvey
to identiJy
the reason5
for this,andyou havebeenaskedto write a
proposal
(with
makingrecommendations
reasons)
to improvethe situation.
Write your proposalin 220-260words.

. A wide se!.eotiaqoi NDs gaa d b. qo.ic auarlablen

the Lo!.!..Aelibr':rx +ot s+1dea+s to borow,
it^ich
ca^ be t.'steqedlY
tM l^nfr1^^Ze
btry ^ad
sluded.
^
aa <,umld
nat
st uEtt s tu^!
'uat.tat.A'"tta:0
.a'otic
^
-l ' .c h
q a sa n
rc^saA ro
tt^ e L
t^ a
4 Tla
la ttsfe^ to
la f^e

L e ,a i
rbth N
arc
c r26f4t4a
A.
sha^ l^a "
^s.8e
r^ni./^frc. t+
+,rz second

. lt s t et
%rre
e
. a^ere
Ilae,e Loa
cotto
arc A^
U be oqe
day a *ter \et

u[lrle o,l^sso^It spe^(sin

e w ka @ t v es " pM i . th e I tl !^ a u L d Ao l F .l
str;aqe
str;a^e
@1tld becob. sccond
scl
a^+we tcoulA\e ^^d
lats oi |tt
as tpll.

. A aalnty p.7e c',i.aUbe

bT tte 6ur.ff2 la
^*^.deA
lhe sl udtlr *ouas
lve
w",1lct
".qde
"o<ipro2,es,
ttae best e\ T ,r. spae^ lt^e
ia +ri \eLoaa
"'sl
laryaaVe. ata\s wuld pro,lideca^.pe+i+ioa,
al,i&" i\
well-riaw ta be not;wti+n.

All thte recabead^+iaas r,^de h2re woa6 aed ta be

a+ lh. co
|uttu <wo,leaEu lt".
'a..
hM! -.1 P *t r l a t r -awq.e^t
1 ,,.f
to t* .

" *"

+hzre wa1,\ldbe a real iwyorLe+t

" d fu .n,

i4 lr@ sill/^liot.

Yourcollegeis planningto implement

a
proqramme
developing
communication
skills
for the workplace,
Yourclasshasconducted
a
5urveyto identifywhat studentswould like
this programme
to include,andyou havebeen
askedto writea proposalmaking
(withreasons)
recommendations
on how the
programme
shouldbe organised.
Writeyourproposalin 220-260words.
yourideaswith a
Choose
onetask,and dis(u55
partner.
Thenwriteyourproposalusingthe
sampleanswerasa model.Makesurethat you
usean impersonal
style,usethe passive
where
appropriate
and usea rangeof structures,
especjaly
if yoLrincludebulletpoints.Check
yourspelLlng
onceyou havefinished.
,i Writlng re{erencep.207

164

t-NIr
1 3 n ev iew
I Readthe text belowandthinkot the word
whichbestfits eachgap.Useonlyoneword in
(0).
at the beginning
ea(hgap.Thereisan example
First words

2 Complete
the secondsentence
sothat it has
a similarmeaningto the firstsentence,
us;ngthe
word given.Do not changethe word given.You
mustusebetweenthreeand sixwordsincluding
the word given.
I

Laboratoryin Paris
TheSONYComputerScience
place (0) .rv,h-4..I9..
an
is a cosmopolitan
in
inlemalionalleamof re\effcher.converces
But theair is also
English,FrenchandJapaDese.
( | ) .............of moreexoticvoicesutteringstrange
wods (2) . .. ....as 'wabaku'andhalfphrases
recognisable
like'pushredwablueko'.
TheseareLuc Steel'stalkingrobots.Eventhe
mostaccomplished
linguistwill haveproblems
(3) ... . . politeconversatlon
with them,because
we know.Inslead
theydon't speakanylanguage
theyinventtheir(4) ......
Fordecades,
scientists
havearguedabout
(5) .. .......it wasthatour ancestors
cameto evolve
(6).
as
...
....
complex
and
elegant
sonething
language.
Whatsortof bnin wouldlhey have
needed?
LjnguistNoamChomskybelievedthat
somekind of linguisticrulesmustbeencodedin
argue
our genesandbrains.(7) . ..... ...opponents
Ianguage
is simplya malEr
thatpicking(8)
we can
of leaming,andthatgivenenoughexamples
meanint.rulesandorderfromfq)
e)rlracr
statistical
we hear,througha sortof subconscious
analysis.
points(10)
a third
But Steel'sresearch
way.Timeandtime (11) ..
he hasheardnew
in
that
languages
evolve compulers arenot
prcgrammed
(12) ... .. *'ith the equivalent
of an
powers.
innatelinguisticsenseor with statistical
rulesaregndually
Instead,for eachnewlanguage.
.p_er"
uDoinvenred.
ne8oriated.
bu:lt
"1J
(13) . . . .. . pairsof robotslalkingIo. andleaming
sords.language
ln (l-1)
fiom, oneanotheris a complexadaptives]rtem.a li\ing thing\rhich
(15) ...
andspread:li\e a \rrus.
organises

l L ey dre do ng d,l dti onso' l ral bool :.

European lanquages VARIETY

Thatbookis
languages.

/:rior \

........
of European

theWesh anguage
now
2 Morepeope arespeaking
thantheydid50years
ago.WTDELY
TheWekhlangudge
thant
was50years
ago.
deveoped
3 Peop
e nowthinkihat anquaqe
through
negotiation.
THoUGHT
Lanquage
through
negolra!on.
4 Chidrenoughtto learncomputer
sk lsbefore
they
slanschoo.TAUGHT
Co..puter
.. .. ...pre-schoo
skils ..
chldren.
to expa n
5 Someone
askedthe policespokesperson
whythe nar hadbeenarrested.GlvE
explanation
lor the star! afiest.
paysmuchattention
6 Nobody
whenelderypeope
compLain
standards.
aboutfa lingedLrcatrona
NOTICE

L(tle

whocornpa n about

3 Thereisa mistakein eachof these

sentences,
correctthe mistakeS.
1 Heneverth nksbefore
hesaysanl,thing
- hes ike
a horsen a ch na shop
2 l'veneverseenh m so anqry h s facewasas red
a5a rose.
3 Hetrainsn the gymeveryday- he'sasstrongas
anerepnanl
a u\r d d- r ,e" (onfo-abe wo L -g ttsee
I ke a f sh oLrtof sea
5 | dont knowhow thoughtof theidea it came
to mein a bangL
6 l'msorrybutI don'tknowwhatto te I to you.

Go to wwry.iTests,comor your CD-ROMfor interactiveexam pradice,

UN I T

71

lt'showyoutellit
606

Reading1; multiple
choice(Part1)
Di5(uss
thesequestions,
Do youenjoystores?
Doyou ike:
. steninq
to stories?
. readng stories?
. folowingstodesn fimsor
TVprogrammes?
. te lingstories?
Whatmakesa goodstory:the
characters,
the p ot or the
ideas?

2 Thinkaboutan interesting
storyyou heard/read^aw
recently.What madeit
interesting?
Wasitl
. the content?
. whereyou heardt?
. thewayit wastold?
Tellyour partnereitherthe
story(if it'sbriefl)or a q0ick
summary
of the story.
3 Youare goingto read
threeextracts
whichareall
concerned
in somewaywith
stories.Choosethe answer(A,
B,C or D) whichyou thinkfits
bestaccordingto the text.

The NeverendingStory
An excellentstory one thatcan be readagainand again
REVIEWER: Amazon
co.ukRevrewer
ll is unfortunale
thata rnovie
wasmadeoutof ths book.because
t reallv
takessomelhing
awayfromill Thisis a wondefut,
originat
slory- a boy
namedBastianstealsa book called The Neverending
Slo/y from a
bookshop
and hideshimselfin lhe schoolhouse
allic lo feadit. The book
he has slolenis aboutthe magicalwortdoi Fantastica,
a word lhat s
interconnected
withits ruter(theChitdtike
Empress);
but sheis dying,and
Fantastica
is dyingwilhher.As he readson, BasUan
getsstowymorand
moredrawnintolhe book,untilthe twoworldsbeginto overlap,..
Thestyleof lhe bookis cteverand
tegant.
lt is easyto disting!sh theparts
sel in Fantaslica
fromthe pa(s sel in the schoothouse,
for the parlsin lh
schoolhosse
are writtenin italics.Th deasareo ginat(t toveihe ideaof
the nothinglhatengulfs
Fantaslica-you
canl evenseeitproperybecause
lhere is nothinglo see) and nothingetse I haveevef fead vats it for
ingenuitylhough the bookis not parricutary
tong,so muchhappensin it
lhatbythetimeyoureachlhendyo! feetasif youhavebeenreadingt fof
years.Thebroadoutlineoi lhe plotthatI gaveontycove6lhe firclpartof
thebook.I cant w te anymorcbecauseI dont wantto spo it. The books
alsohumorous
andgivesthe readera fewlhingsto thinkabout,thoughnot
in an obviousway- ihe moralsaretherelo be pickedup if youhappento
noticethem. This is an absolutecassic, and twoutd unhesitatingty
recommend
it to anybody
wholovesa reattygoodfaniasynovet.
t@ ruul Amazoncom t.. and rtsan lratesl

Thereviewer
saysthat thisbook s s!periorto other5shehasread
because
A the ideasit presents
areso clever.
B the styleof writ ng is so original.
C the plot is so denseandinvolvng.
D the characters
areso appealing.
Whatdoesthe reviewer
fee aboutthe morethought-provoking
aspects
of the book?
A Theyarebest gnored.
B Theyarequitesubtlypresented
C Theyareweakened
by the useof humour
D Theyaretoo moralist
c to betakenserous,.,.

U\II

1.1 lts howyoute it

EXTRACT
FROI\,,]
THENOVELTHEISLAI'ID
Alexishad only one clue to her mother'spast:a
laded wedding picture which had srood on
Sophia'sbedside table for as 1on8 asAlexis
could remember, dre ornate silver trame worn
thin lvith polishinS.hr earlychildhood when
Alexisusedher parents'bi8,bumpy bed as a
tampoline, the imaSe of the smiling but rather
sdmy posedcouplein the picturehad {loared
up and doR-nin front of her. Sometimesshe
askedher mother questionsabout the beautiful
lady in laceand the chiselledplatinum haired
man. what were their na]nes?why did he have
Sreyhair?Wherewere they now? Sofiahad
given the briefestof answers;that they were
Aunt Maria and Uncle Nikolaos,and they had
Iived in CreteaDdthat they were both now
dead.Thisinformation had satisfiedAlexisthen
- but now sheneededto know more. It was
the sta s of this picture - the only fiamed
photographin the entire housetha! inri8ued
her asmuch asanything.The couplehad clearly
been signilicantin her mother'schildhood and
yet Sophiaalwaysseemedreluctantto talk
about !hem, I! was much more than reluctance;
in fact it was srubbomrcfusal.As A]exisgrew
into adolescence
shehad leamedto respecther
morher'sdesirefor privacy- ir was askeen as
her own teenageinstjnct to Iock herself away
and avoid comrnunication. Bur she had grown
beyond all that no1\a

photograph
WhydidAexsf nd ihewedding
in hermother's
bedroomso nterestng?
A lt remndedherof herchldhood
object.
B ll wasclearlya mosttreasured
C Shedidn'tbeievewhathermothersaid
abouilt
Jeeng frustrated
by her
D Sheremembered
mother!attitude.
we
oi theexi'acr,
Fromthelastsentence
understand
thatA ex9
:bc-: :': ceope in
A wasno longer
curoLJs
thephotograph
notbeng nc'a:a---'aE:,ve
B regretted
a5a teenager.
':_ -::^:'s
C hadcometo unders-e_J
teelingsbetter
to ask:?.' ..'-,.'.'=
D h a dde cd e d
photograph.

More than wordscan say

Holl)yood has alwaysmined comjc bookslbr reailv-mede
rvith instantaudiencerecognilion.
Sone of th
chamcteas
resultanffilns \rcre Sood ihink ols&prrl.ra andthe spiritual
ofrarna, m0sllessso,Somedjrectorsaremining
darkness
graphicnoeelst0 bettereffeci.QuentinTarartinouseddnime,
animationslyle derivedfrom Japanese
the hvo-dimensional
for scenes
in hjslilm fill rld. Backon the
zdflga conicbooks,
prjntedpage-howevetthe graphicnovellorm is erolving.
andartistsnolr.use
thelitefarylofmasr{'itress
to recent
Authors
events,for polenics,for comingof agcstoriesandfor tender
talesof familylile.
oncefor the iext,
Craphicnovelsoltendemandthreereadingg:
oncefor the drawingsand oncet0 bring the two iogethr
to tell a
Auihorsplayrviththe possjbiiities,
usingtie graphics
differenttalc to the iexf. In J nmg Caffigan: theSmart%ttrid
anestranged
fatherandsonarepictured
or rarll byChrisWare,
in a diner scenercniniscentof EdwardHoppelspainting
thattheyhavehad
iighrla?rkr.It is only later,whentheyrealise
their car stolen,that the readerturnsback to seethe thief
clearlyouilinedbythe liShtfromlhe dinerwindowWarevaries
theemphasis
ofeachand,onsome
hisiramesizestoo,adjusting
pages,creatinga collageof imagesthat illuroinateihe story
to createthe dramBtic
inpactof
othef authorsusewholepages
afilm close-up.

that
5 Lnthefirstparagraph,
thewriterissuggesting
weregeneraly
A filmsbased
on comc bookcharacters
unsuccessrul.
thedeveopmentof
B filmadaptations
areinfluencing
grapnc novers.
nove5 than
c filmsareharder
to adaptfromgraphic
irom comicbooks.
on g.ap.i(_ovpl\r"rherlhan.o'r ic
D lrns oased
booksaremorerealistc.
as
6 ThegraphicnovelrmmyCorrganis mentioned
providing
an example
of
A an irritatingexperience
ior readeTs.
B a scenethat wouldworkwe I in a fllm.
format.
c an imaginative
useof anevolving
D a plotthat reliesmoreon the artworkthanthe words.
4 Discuss
thesequestionswhichof the threenovelswou d
1 lf youhadto choose,
you preferto read?Ihe tueverendnqStary,Thelslandal
limmy Corrigan?whyl
2 Haveyoueverreada graphicnovel?
3 Howdo youthinknoves \,!| changen the luture?

T
U \ I T 14 lt s ho wy o ute l t

Use of English: open cloze(part2)

t
1
2
3
4

Discuss
thesequestions.
Howdoyouenjoyspend
n9 evenings
withfrjends?
Doyouevergo to lve performances
suchasa live
concert
or a dramain thetheatre?
f yougo to a lve concert,
what k nd of murc oo
yo! /isten
to?
li yoLr90 to the theatre,whatdo youliketo see?
Haveyoueverbeento a iveshowwherepoetry
wasreada oud?DoyouthinkyoLtwoud enjoyt?
Why?n/hy not?

2 Compare
youranswers
with a partnerand
justifyyourideas.

1 Lookat the title of the text below What do

you think it will sayabouthow popularculture
started?
Z Readthe firstthreesentences
to find out.

1 Now readthe text andthink of the word

whichbestfits ea(h9ap.Useonlyone word in
each9ap.Thereis an exampleat the
beginninq(0).

4
1 Readthe complete
text againand answer
thele question5.
Didanythingsurprise
you in
the text?
1 Howdidpeople
originally
keepa record
of poems?
2 Whathappened
whenpeople
beganto wrte
poetryandstoriesdown?
3 Howpopularis performance
poetrytoday?
2 Discuss
thesequestions.
1 Doyouth nk you ike poetry?Why?Aryhy
not?
2 Whch wordssumup poetryfor you?
a) interest
ng
d) boring
b) tunny
e) r(eievani
c) d ff cult
f) old fashoned
3 What makespoetrydifferent from text for
you?Choose
someof the followingideas.
rhyme rh!,thm strangewords
lotsof adjectives difficut ideas

Thebirth of popularculture
Whenwe thln[ol popuorcllturethesedoys,
(0) whrt sp'ingro m nd o'e popmusicond
ielevsion
progrommes
ossoop
11)
operos.Fewol uswouldthinkof poer'yos o
lormof pop!or culirre,olrholgho rypeof poerry

t2l

wel be the commononcesro,ofmuch

coilemporory
musiconddromo.Pedormonce
poetfyis probobly
theodesrfo'mo{ public
efrerloinmeit
s. Gorieredorolnd
13)
lher tres,peopleln pre-llieroie
socierjes
(r'I
lisren
to leorfedmen(51
couldreclrefrommemory
rheirkibe'shisrory
ond
hodtons,ohefin ihelormof vereeSomeof rhese
oicieir poems,posed 16l
molrh,sl I exst os tdgmentsin geoi liierory
works;portsol ihe G,eek mfis ond ,he lcelondic

epcslo {71
Whenwritns reploced
(8)
memory
rhe
nreafsof reco'dingevents,however.poeiry

168

chonged
too.Theideoof dlomogrewour
.........
performonce
poerry,
{91........
ondgroduoly
become(101...........
...seporore
oi|Iorm.
Meonwhile,
in ru'olondnovellngsocieiies,
prtormonce
poerrydeveloped
nrorhefolksonss
ll ll ... .... lorertusedwi$ AlroAmercon
troditons
to becomemodern
popr.llor
musc.
(12).
......
poeiryiiselfhos
neverdtedoui,few
poplereod it or onendpoeirype ornronces
fiese
doys.And{13). ................,
poerrysr occosonolly
enioysb!6rsolwiderpopuoriry,
ofbnco.iecied
wifi revollrions
in populo.cuhure,
{la) ....
thePunkor Reggoe
poersof$e oiet"defle6
cenluryoid cofrempofory
lop oriistsThroush
rhesepeople,performonce
poelryoccosionolv
torcesll5l .......
... . . woy bocl<iniorhepublic
onsciousiess
- perhops
toppi'rgnioo fol[
memory
of howcopulorcutureoll sroned

t \11 r.1 lt! howyo! tl t

Vocabulary 'l: booksand stories

1 Thelinesin the followingpoemare in the
wrongorder.Workwith a partnerand createa
poemof yourown,usingthe linesin any
order.Youcanleaveout linesif you like,bJt
you mustnot changethem.Remember
to give
your poema title.

1 Complete
the sentences
usingwordsfrom
the box.Youmayneedto changethe form of
the word,
paperback blu.b volume copy
bestseller whodunit editlon thriler

3
4
5
6
7
8

Therearefour
of the latestversionof the
dictionaryits hugel
iketo havetwo .............of myfavourtebook
one to readwhpnI trdve
oneto leep al
"nd
nome.
Herfirstnoveldid not sel wel, but hernextwasa
. .. . andwassod to HolWvood.
Hisfirstbookisst ll sellng wel, but t is now 20
yea6old so he hasupdatedt andthe new ........
wi I be publshednextyear.
| enjoyall kindsof booksbut myfavourtekindof
storyrsa .
- | lovetryrngto guesswho the
murderer
ls before| get to the lastpagel
Thekindof bookI takeon holday s onethat find
excitinq- a ... . . likethosewrlttenby John
Grisham,
thathavecrimeandspies
andsoon
| o_lybuyboo(sw'.en theycone o-t n ..
they'recheaper
because
thanthe hardback
verson
andlighter
to carryaround.
BeforeI buya bookI aLways
flip throlgh it to get
an ldeaof the storyanda so readthe . ....... on
thebaclwh(h grves
Te a sqol s. -l'nary.

2 Thereare different wayso{ reading.Match

the waysto the descriptions.
wadingthrough dipping
into
browsing skmming

Readyourcompletepoen a oud to rhe c ass,

Useintonationand rhythmto makeit
interesting.
Askthe otherstudents
what they
thoughtof yourpoem.

p: Now listento the actualpoem.Wsyour

versionthe sameor different?

Whichdo you
prefer?Why?

lspenda loi of timelooking

throughbooksin
shoo..I tendto readd f'erentblu'bsa_da co-pe
of pagesfromeachbookbeforeI choosethe one
wantto spendmy moneyon, .. ..................
Evenif lfind a bookhardto read,'l stil struggle
on to the endbecause
I can'tbearthe thoughtof
not knowingwhathappensl........................
I loveiravelbooks I don't readthemfrom cover
io coverlikea novel,but I tendto f ip through
themandfindlocations
thatI imagne 'm v sting.
Wh e ^ ' e a da t e , l i' a ne \ a ' rru s u a lye a d
quicklyflrstto get a generalideaof whatit'sabout
haf.re ra:.In^

^.lcr:i

169

U\IT 1ir

t! howyo! tl t

Exam focus
Paper5 Speaking(Parts1-4)
Aboutthe exam:Paper5 takes15minutestor a
but
pairof candidates.
Therearetwo examiners,
to the
speaks
onlyone (1heinterlocutor)
just listens.
Theassessor
candidates.
Youare assessed
on:
. the accuracy
and rangeoJ grammarand
vocabulary
that Youuse
. discourse
management,
e.g.the wayyou
your ideasand whethertheyare
organise
relevantto the taskyou aredoing
. yourabilityto interactwith yoLrrpartnerand
with the interlocutor.
Thereis alsoa generalmarkgivenfor your
in the wholeof the lest.
overallperformance
Althoughit is importantthat you interactw th
yourpartner,you willonly be assessed
on your
andyou wil not be compared
own performance
wrrnyour parrner,
Therearefour partsto the test:
asksyou questiontabout
PartI Theinterlocutor
yourselfand youropinions.
Part2 Youeachspeakfor one minutealoneand
YoLare ed(hgiver a setol
withoutr,lte||uplion.
photographs
and askedto commenton
three
two of them.Youarealsoaskeda briefquestion
afteryourpartnerhasspokenabouttheir
photographs.
Part3 Youwork with yourpartnerto completea
taskbasedon pictures.
from the
Parl4 Youanswerquestions
connected
with the topicof the Part
interlocutor
3 task.
Suggestedprocedure
to the instruction5
the
1 Listencare{ully
you
part
gives
of the test.
fof
each
interlocutor
2 Be positive.
Speakclearlyand answer
questions
that you
fully,althoughremember
only haveto givea briefanswerto the
queslionfollowingyourpannels
photographs.
ask
3 lf thereisanythingyou don't und,"rstand,
the interlocutor.
when
4 Tryto usea rangeof language
completing
the differenttasks,and don't
isonly
Accuracy
worryif you makea mistake.
partof the assegsment
criteria.

rn
In Part 3, renember that one of the skil15
discuss
on is turn'taking;co-operatewith your
partner and askthem {or their opinion.This is
a sharedtaskI
Don't worry lf the interlocutorstopsyorl
be{oreyou have finishedspeaking- that just
meansthat yoLrhave run out of tlmel

Workin groupsof {our.De(idewho will be

B,and
candidateA andwho will be Candidate
who will be the interlocutotThelourth student
shouldlistenand think abouthow wellthe two
areperforming.
candidates
Thestudentwho isthe nterocutorshouldlookat the
scrlpt
on page187.
on page
CandidateA lookat yourphotographs
your
photographs
page
on
CandidateB lookat
Theinterlo(utor
shouldreadthe scriptandt methe
aredoingthe
actlvities
whilethe othertwo students
togetherl
tasks.Whenyou havefinished,d scuss
. anfhingthatwasdlffcut
. waysin whichpedormance
couldbe

Listening:multiplechoice
(Part1)
1 Lookatthe taskon page171.Thethree
these
extractsare on different topics.Discuss
questions,
I Howmanypeople
wil you hear n eachextract?
2 Wheredoeseachextractcomefrom?
3 Whatisthe topicof eachextract?
questions.
Howmuch
4 Lookat the multiple-choice
do you knowaboutthe extractbeforeyou isten?
TIP! n the examyou havetime to readthe
questions
beforeeachextracti5played.Use
the informationon the pageto helpyou
lmaginethe situationandthink aboutwhat you
will hear.

L\IT

2 Youwill hearthreedifferentextract,..
choosethe answer(A, B or c) which fits best
according
to what you hear Therearetwo
questions
for eachextract.

n i <. '

'<<

rha(.

1il

ts how you te it

d"A(ri.n(

1 Woud yoube nierested

in reading
storesabout
celebrit
es\',,,ritien
by ther fans?
2 Doyouthinkit s possbleto studywhist stening
to music?
3 Whatdoyouth nk makes
a goodfim?

Youhearthe beginningof a radiodiscussion

aboutcelebrities.

Vocabulary2: synonyms

Accordng to Saly,whatcanpsychologists
nowdo?
A helppeope who areobsessed
with celebrit
es
B assess
howseT
ousanobsess
on wth a celebrty
m gnroe
c showpeople
howto usether obsession
in a
moreproductve
way

Oneot the things that makesa story

interestingisthe varietyand rangeo{
languagethe writer uses.Beingawareof
synonyms
and paraphrase
will alsohelpyou in
the CAEexam.

WhatdoesSaly suggenaboutthemalortyol
peoplec assedassuffering
fromcws?
n ther behaviouf.
A Theres nothingso LJnL-rsua
quitecreatve
y
B Theyareactua dong something
about
c Theyare n danger
of becoming
obsessve
lneTneTo.

1 Thevocabulary
in the followingtext is
ratherboring-Workwith a partner,and replace
lJsea
eacl'l'ighlighted
word with a synonym.
dictionary
or thesaurus
iJ necessary.
to tne
r,npl ( l) askedCanoto takel^e back r'new
!-aT

nowlqatsle
lllli iiii"i-,2,
s"enad
""""'s
iE"JJ,.*:';iilli-was ar'because

ExtractTwo
Youhearpartof a talk givento a groupof
parentsby DerekPalmerston,
an expertin
eoucalron.

1.t,."i."i""t'*to'-n:::'I'":lt.:T
lrr d5a E: i:I
(3)knewthat he (4)I new - 50
rr. *,)< rn danoer

roorrshesardow'
'll,i'.i. ,,'i""i i" *t
she
"oler
Y"'',^i'r.'.i rili"'"r'"g \'!harto do'er!
wLF^
ie:*as su'of'sed the
"^''*,lii;"*'sif

3 In thispartof h s ta k, Dereks
A crticisn9certan typesof behaviour
B arguing
in favourof a newapproach
C questioning
certan assumpt
ons.

i"i"i,i.",i"
'-'"0""'t.t".",l'110"
!
o! ,tn""
vurrc'^?
'"""0
her hand shahng l ne
","",
recel ver,
end was strangely lamlllar'

4 n the restof h s ta k, Derekntendsto

A provde evidence
to supporta newidea.
B compare
two waysof deaiing
witha situation
he's
C g ve a detaiedaccount
of theresearch
mentioned

2 Whatdo you think happens

next?Writea
short paragraphto completethe story.Tryto
makeit as interesting
as possible.
Thencompare
yourideaswith anotherstudent.

ExtractThree
Youheartwo triendsdiscussing
a film.
of thef m?
5 what s theman!opinion
ons
A t didn'tliveupto hisexpectat
B t wasa wasteol timego nq :o see1
C t s afi '1 th a rh ev\oLd ." o - " _r'"

,)
g

6 Whatdothetwofriends
agree..c-:i
A h o \ ^"r e l - he .hd r"te ..e: i:.:.i:i
B howwel the batte scenes
r.:-: r ':-:a
C howqoodthemainactorsaa-:---_:a ,',as

t ritten to a stLrdenr
readingher paragraph.
ls it very difJerentfrom yours?Noticeany
interesting
vocabulary
e.g.
whatwasherheando ng?
howmuchwassheshaking?
how dld the nranget nto the room?
Record
any newwofdsin yourvocabulary
notebook,
takingcareto noteitsexact
meaningand anycontextsin whichit can
Deuseo.

fNlT 1"1 t! howYouter i

Writing: the set book (Part2

question5)
About the exam: In Paper2, Pa.t 2, Question5,
you can chooseto answera questionon one ol
the set books.You may be askedto wr te an
essavan arlicle,a report or a review You can
foll;w the generalguidelinesfor eachtask type,
but the detailswill come{rom the set book you
You don't haveto answerQuestlon5, but it you
do, you need to know the book well enoughto
he ;ble to answerthe questionby referringto
the rtory or the characters
Suggested procedure
1 Readthe book allthe way through, and enloy
It! Get a generaLidea of the story and the
and think aboul any partsyou
characters,
reallyenioyed.Talkabout it to yoLlrtr ends,
and seewhat they thought about rt
2 Readthe book again thls tirne more carefuly'
Make notesfor yoursel{under the lollo\'vng
headings:
. Plot:maln eventsand the order that they
happenin the story
. An important decision,event,lettet r'eetLng,
etc.that hasan effect on the Plot
. Characters:
what they are like' how and \'vhy
they are important In tne story
of settingand
. Places:
quick descrlptions
. Your own reaction:your felingsabout the
book, with reasonsfor why you {eel like thls'
TIP! You don't haveto be positiveabout
everythingin the book it's a I rlght to d slike
parts ot lt as long as you havegood .easons
and can exPain YoLlrideasl

one ot thesel
Workwith a partnerChoose
you haveboth
that
book
texts,or a different
questions
that could
some
read.Makea listof
book.
be askedaboutthe
Readthe lollowinqquestion5Are theylhe
sameasyours?Add yoursto tl'e lisl andth_"n
r{iscuss
them all. Makesurethat youthink of
from the bookto supportyouridea5
examples

172

or excting?
ine booknteresting
1 WhatrlaKes
to yolr
ng
moment
or
excit
e
Descr
bea memorab
pan:ner
anddescnDe
character
themostnterestng
2 Choose
character?
your
favourite
him/herlsthisa so
not?
3 lsthe tit e a goodone?WhyTn^/hy
4 Woud thebookmakea goodfllm?WhY?/
Whynot?
thisbookto a fr end?
5 Woud yourecommend
not?
Why?^Vhy
2
1 Lookat the two taskson page191 |n the
wouldbe on the specific
examthe questions
settext and not general
whichwaswrittenin answer
2 Readthisanswer,
to taska).Not'(ehow the wtiter hasgivenar
from the
ideao{ the plot,and usedexamples
hisviews.
bookto suPPort

T}. last b@k I rcad thar I redll! e/loieJ rcadins wa6

'Tli Pelica. B.ie{ b\i J.lh Grishan. \'lhl Jid I ehio! i{
Nch1

is a reil Page turEr, a oho/unit with

.EP"ct6, a./ d bruh @ith robdce'
Late oE niEht Hbe
is full o+ tuists

ll

wusal

d":j
Tl

slory

t-he Supnere Courl s liba'al judse, iE su'ned

in his oun horc' The sane nisht, lh' cart's
ani @si aorued{ti juJse is strangled lYhat

Ro*nb.s,
d&r

ld.sesl
li.kcl the tm
6iao

lhinks

@..#

sh" knus

@h! @re the! killeJ? Ddb!

She is a talehted

{hz a*oer.

into the
hegihs her dn i.wstigalid
Judses, durihs dhi'h 6he
nur&r of ldo Suprerc Carl
lihks the hurde's
Ult
stunbler ac.oss s ob&u'e
'a*
bad ehdgh she
wasnt
if
thl
fu
to a rich bGi.eEdn.
uilh lhe PresiJehl of rh
tlEn fihlE : ce@tioh
Her aile@ is clear - oho can sle tell
U.it./ 6lrt4.
lo

s!"&nl

wl-

can she trustl It tufrs out thad ehe

anl
-h"
trel rc<.e ani has % s{rusle +o survi rqs
for tk truth do be lou
P.lica. Brie{' is a fun anJ quick read' bul due
t its epis.{ic rature il des {eel a lilue rushld in
glace. I f.u"l the {inal thirl a lit{le ca{usinq, ahi
dlt was goihs ohj thc
lEd lo .ead il car"{ull! t" e
'Tl

i ha@ a sd.l
it
wholelEa.+/ !. HM.,
reans {h:l
anJ al! i.

all il

is wll

r6avalid
i.

i'

{ast-rcvi.g

uorLh a tru!

r&ohnehlihs
.h!

e*ciring,

it

I \IT

Workwith a partnerand answerthe questions.

1 Whatk nd of book s Ihe Pelica.j.:t
2 s the styleof the revlewsem lc'-; cr nformal?
Findsomeexamples
to proveyoui dea
Thewrter hasmadefourspelng m stakesFind
andcoffect
them.
Findwordsor phrases
thatnrean:
book(para1)
a) an interestng
b) a complcated
story(para2)
(para2)
bychance
c) comeacross
d) a bookthat is easyto read(para3)

.
.
.

Workwith a pannerThinkof a bookthat you

couldeither write a reviewof for task a) or
writean essay
on for taskb).Decide:
whatstyleyouwil use
whatevdenceyouwi usefromthe bookto
yoLJr
support
deas
youTanswer.
howyouwil organise

2 WriteyouranswetShowyourpartnerand
checkeachother'swork for:
. speing
. punctltat
on
. grammat
calaccuracy

Grammar: mistakesto avoid

S pellin g
It isimportant
to getspelingrightn theexam,as
youwil notgettherarl r_Daper
3. Paa2 or i^
Paper4, Part2 f youspelthe word ncorrectly.
Keepa noteof yoLrrown mistakes
andtry to look
outforthemin yourwrting,thenyoucanavord
them.NBBothBrtishandamercanspelings
acceptaDte
Ilistakesoftenoccurrnwordsthat have:
. doube consonants,
necessary.
lis
e.9.ditrerent,
whenyouarenot
alsoeasyto addconsonants
suref theyaredoubed ot not,e g. exaggerated
. sientletters
( etters
thatyoudon'tpronounce
whenyoLrsaythe word),e.g.knaw,right,
though
. letterswhichmaysoundikeotherleiters,or are
d ff cultto guess
fromthepronunc
eilon,e g
grammar,magazine
. preflxes
mis?ken
andsuffixes,
e g. rcspansible.
. p urals.

l-1

lt! how yo! te t

Otherprobleras
canoccurn wordsthat:
. sound||Leolherwo dsfhonopqones\,
e.9
here/hear,weathet/whethe
r
. haveproblerns
with letterordet e.g.rece/ve,

TlPl Learnthe two r!Llesbeiow.

.o I e, be'o " " s. op1afr.e.c. e 9 tiend
ceiling
lr is. verb, lce s a nouni 50 advise= verb,

1 choosethe (orrectspellingo{ the wordsin

eachof thesesentence5.
1 Whatlsyourkeyrecommendattan
/
reccommerdatlon
tor the prolectT
2 | believe
/ beleivelhal iheyare90 n9 to bringout
a f lm of thebook
3 | thoughtthal f lm wasincredably
/ ncredibly
d6sappai
nting / disappainting.
perform
4 l'm studyinq
ng art- | lovethecourse
becuase
/ because
ft nclt)desmavment/
movemenf
through0ance
5 hada realargument
/ arguemerrwith rnylriend
aboutthemerits
of thebook
6 t's their/ therepartysothe choise/ cholceoT
lo00 s up to inem.
I pta.tise/ practicedancingeveryday,wh ch
I aa^.

ma .,i ^^ra

/ .i ,^^a/

:n.l

f i

8 l justdon'tfeel.omloftable/ camforttble
w th the
ideaoi askng himto pay- he can'trealy alford/
afordit andwe couldcoverh s costsourse/ves
/
9 What/ Wahtda yauIh nk aboutthe deaof
watching/ wachnglelevison ton ght nsteadof
goingout?
10 th nk chidrenbenefit/ beneffitqealy lrcr.,
earnng other/arguaqer/ /angages
whenthey
areyoun9.
11 Oneof the popuarcourses
at unversty
nawaday\\ psychaloqy/ phsycolagyand many
employers
seemto thinkrhar t'susful/ usefullar
theworkplace.
2 Workwith a partnerThinkof fivewords
that you havedifficultyspelling.
Dictatethemto
yourpartnerand seeif theycanget them right.

(
|NIT

t,I

l! howyou te 1

Punctuation
Commonmistakes
with punctuation
are:
. coTnmas . excamalon
marKs
. apostrophes . questionmarks
. hyphens
. semr-colons,
colons.
3 DiscrJss
with a partner:
. whatyoufindd fficultaboutusinganyof the
puncruat
on aDove
. any deasfor remembenng
howto useeachone
Wat<h Out! apostrophe
An apostrophe
ndcates
something
s missng,
or
possess
on,andisnotusedwhenthewordisjust
a p ural
Whch oneiscorrect
in theparsof sentences?
Whatism ssing?
Whch oneisjlst a p ural?
1 a) tsr an ng.
b) ltsraining.
2 a)You're
coatishangn9 in thehal.
b)Yourcoatishanging
in thehaI
3 a) V de o sforsae
b) V deosfof sale
4 Therearetwo mistakes
in eachof these
senten(es.
Theremaybe a mistakewherethereis
ponctuation
punctuation
usedincorrectly,
that
shouldnot be thereor punctoation
that hasbeen
omitted.Findthe mistakes
and correctthem.
1 do ke goingto thecinema;
however
I realy
didntenloythe astf m saw
2 M yfa vo lrrte
E ngishmea sfshandch rp s ,
a thoughI a solke roastbeef?
3 lm meetng myfriendsat the theatrebecau3e
t he/ t o or o b a b/ 9 0 n g .o o rr v e q -rra d r !

4 Myfiveyearoldnephewovesreadingitsrealy
goodthathedoes.
5 lt wasyour'ideato qo out lastn ght so its not my
iaut thatyouaret redth s morningl
6 Peope saythat youngpeope don'treadmuch
nowadays
so how oftendo you reada book
?

174

' nd

t / er \.

1 Workwith a partner.
Thinkof anydilficulties
that you havewith anyform of punctuation.
Writea 5entence
and showit to yourpartner
to checki{ you havegot it right.
2 Thisextractfrom an informalletterhasno
punctuationWorkwith a partnerand insert
the correctpunctuation.
thii boak grabbed ne {ron lhe f,tr5l
paSe vthe"ever I haJl to pL)l ,l d^"1,
1 eautd"t slap lhihk,E abajl ,l t5 ha+
01,t?

rh.rlofL

,o|t-:

or-

b. |

'. I

neu ,art Lhd nal Etsl.rr.J lhe 3torl.

{u// of l,t,,to atd lu.'s th.5e !.tp1 ke
guestr'q the elho/e Lne lhe a.!1l"art
4Jlan1b, la deta,l o.n. 1l-. ,,1 t.".d,f
1a t.fe orera// .f iat 4 tr..,t-3 e,-. ,1
tlAd tu4d tn rur. |a\r.- 3a.3 lo |a'. ,l

Writing: Paper2 overview

1 In Paper2 Writingyou haveto do two tasks
andyou haveone hourand a hal'fto complete
the wholepaperTherearetwo parts,and each
questioncarries
equalmarks.
Part1 is compulsory
andyou maybe askedto
producean anicle,a report,a proposal
or a
letter(180-220
words).
In Part2 you chooseonetaskfrom four
(220-260words).
2-4 mayinclude:
Questions
. a newspaper
or magaz
neaft/cle
. a contrbutionto a onqerpiecesuchasa leafet or
. a semiforrfa or nforma etter
. a propo9a

d q a l h a ^ a y a n g l s h p e o pl eeot

wfh everymeaI
Potatoe's
8 coud'nt answerthe lastque(ionin the testso I
askedthe teacherafterward's.
9 Thereview's
of thefim werereay good,so lwas
veryd sappontedthat I couldntgo
10 Lets90 to the showton ghi nsteadof saturday
becalse,m realyookngforward
to it and
ca n tw at

. a compettton
entry
. an lnlormaton srteet
. anessay
5 is basedon settexts,andyou may
Question
haveto write an essay,
a review,an articleor a
report.

L\lT

2 Workwith anotherstudent.Decidewhichof
f'nd earier
in Exercise
I you genefally
t1e iTems
why.
to write. Discuss
3 Lookat the followingtaskand readthe
answeron page190.
Youseethe followingannouncement
oJ a
(ompetitionin an international
magazine.
HOLIDAY
OFA LIFETIME
We are otfering you the chanceto win one of
paid
all expenses
a rangeof exoticholidays,
Jortwo weeks,for you and a friend.lust write
to us,describing
the mostexcitingholidayyou
haveeverhad.Winningentrieswill be
published.
Sendentriesto: TheEditor,TodayMagazine,
PO.Box743,London.
Writeyour competitionentry in 220-250words.
4 Readthe taskandthe answeragain.Decide
asa band3
if the answerwould be classed
(satisfactory)
or band 5 (verygood)on the cAE
Paper2 markingscalegivenbelow.
the candidates
Band5 Fora Band5 to be awarded,
writ n9 hasa veryposiUve
effecton the targetreadet
Thecontentis relevant*andthe top c isfully
developed.
nformaton andideasareskilf!liy
devlces,
which
organised
througha rangeof cohesive
afeusedto goodeffect.A widerangeof complex
Errors
are
structures
andvocabulary
s lsed effectiveLy.
minimai,and naccurac
eswh ch do occlr haveno
mpacton commLrnication.
Register
andformatare
of the task
consistently
approprateto the purpose
andtheaudience.
Band3 Fofa Band3 to beawarded,
the canddate's
writ n9 hasa satisfactory
effecton the targetreader
Thecontentis relevant*with somedevelopment
of
andideas
areqenerally
thetopic.Information
logcaly,thoughcohesive
devices
maynot
organised
rangeof
A satisfactory
a waysbe usedapproprratey.
structures
andvocabulary
ls used,thoughwordchoice
may ackprecision.
Errors
whichdo occurdo not
causedifficultyfor the reader.
Register
andformatare
reasonably
appropriate
to the purpose
of the laskand
theaudience.
Comments
on the
5 Lookat the Examiner
the answer
answeron page192.Thenirnprove
the commentsby addressing

li1

t t h o w y o ut e l t

6 Now chooseone of the followingwriting

3).Your answer
tasks(or the task in Exercise
shooldfollowthe instructions
9iven.Write
220 260words.
1 Yourlocalcouncilisconcerned
abouttraffic
problemswhereyou live.You havebeen
askedto write a short report on the stateoJ
publictransportin yourareawith
recommendations
on how to encourage
the
localpopulation
to usepublictransport
more and their carsless.
Write the report.
2 A magazine
for studentrof English
asa
ForeignLanguage
hasaskedfor articles
on
sensible
waysof preparing
for English
language
exams.
Youdecideto 5ubmitan
for organiring
arti<le.5u99est
strategies
revisionin the weeksbeforethe examand
providespecific
ideasasto how students
shouldusetheirtime in the weekbefore
the exam,
Write your arti(le.
3 You havebeen askedto contributean
informationsheetfor 5choolleaverswho
are hoping10go to college.Include
informationabout how to choosea (ourse,
whatto think aboutwhenchoosing
a place
prepare
yourself
study
for
to
and how to
living awayfaom home.
Write the text for the sheet.
'l When you selectthe task to answerin Part2,
remember
to:
a) choosea texttypewh ch youfee confdentabout,
andthat youfee you canwrte we L Askyourselff
youhavewrittenthisk nd of text before,i you can
yourmalerialappropriate
y andii youare
organlse
sureaboutthe appropriate
stye.
b) makesureyouhavecleardeasof whatyouwrl
includeasthe content.Doyou knowthe keytop c
vocabularyyou
wl need?
c) planyourparagraphs
beforeyo! startto writea
fulltexi.
d) ir, ludeall rr" po| T.r\l "d 'or , rL" r" 1.

175

|NIT 1.1 tl howyoute t

yourchoiceof taskwith
2 Dis(uss
anotherstudent.Explain
why you think
th;sisthe bestchoice{or you.
3 Nowwriteyouranswer.Remember
not
to take longerthan45 minute!and
remember
to aheckyourwork.
7 Now lookat all the writing
assessment
bandson page211in the
Writingreference.
Giveyourworkto
anotherstudentsothey cansuggest
whichbandtheythinkyouranswermight
comein. Discuss
with your partnerwhich
areasof youranswercouldbe improved,
rewriteyouranswerTry
8 l'ne(essary,
dnd improveit so thdt it wouldcome,r d
higherband.

Reading2: planningto take

an exam?
'l Doingwel in an examis not onlya
matterof learning.Lookat the
headings
a-t, and discuss
with a
partnerwhat kind of adviceyouthink
would be includedin eachone.
d/V|dl||9LtIUjLUijdjlPdpE)

b) Beingawareof yourpaTt
cuaTssLres
your
c) Lookn9after
body
d) Gettng nto the sw nq of t
e) Gettngth nqs ntoyourhead
yourse
t) Keeping
f gong
2 Now readthe text and mat(heach
paragraph
headingto the appropriate
(A-F).Fillin the gapsin the paragraphs
with eitherDo or Don't.
2 Whichpieceof advi(edo youthink
isthe mostuseful?Canyou think o{ any
otherpieceof advicethat mightbe
usefulfor other studentsto have?

176

(A)
youhave
Youshould
havea grammff
checklist
inwhich
noted
(1). ... .... g0through
downyolrusual
mistakes.
lhisofiento makesufeliratyouareallareol whatyour
ownnistakes
are,sothaly0!willbelesslikelyt0
make
lhemintheom.
(2)
....iorget
to gothrough
sorne
ofyouroldwritten
wo tochckthatyou
haveincluded
allyour
usual
mistakes,
andnotice
helplllcomments
thalyourieacher
haswritten.
(8)

youand
It'simportant
to getexercise,
becalse
il reiaxes
yourbrain.
stimulates
(3). ..........
. plana studyroutine
lhatdoesn't
include
timelorsportorexercise.
Sittinoat a deskall dayis notgoodforyou.
(4) .
positions
have
frequent
breaks
andchange
often.
Youshould
streich
regularly,
andtryto rclax-it's
veryeasyto become
stiffandtense
theshouldels
across
wilhout
realising
it.

(c)
youcan
Tryt0 watchDVDS
in English,
andreadanything
findin Eng'ish.
lookuoevery
{5)
wo.d- enjoy
lie rhythm
ofthelanguagel
Intheweeks
leading
(6). ...........
upto theexam,
tryto
yourseli
yourfriendsto
immease
inEnqlish.
Persuade
speak
toyo! inEnglrsh,
andencourage
themto cofiect
youa
mistakes.

L\lT

11

f5 lro!! you te I rt

(D). ......... ... .... .....

thatyouareiotally
iarniliarwith
iie format
It s important
oi theexam
ard!'rhalisexpecred
ofyou.0r
practise
foreachpaper
inthecorrecttime
pnctice
(8)... ..... letexam
takeoveryouranguage
youknow,
willtestwhat
learning
- theexam
somake
work
surethatyougobackandlookatallthelanguage
youhavedoneduring
thecourse,
notiust
attheexam
msKs,
(E)
(g)
foods
eattoomuchchocolate
orsugary
youa quicksugar
willgive
b00st
blt it willnotlast
these
toeatbananas,
nw vegetables
and
it isbetter
youenergy
which
willgive
overa
wholemealbread
pe od.
longer
yourblood
(10)....... ...control
levels,
sugar
and
your
make
sureyouhaveregular
meals
to maintain
energy
levels.

(D ......... ............
Thewords
andphrases
inthelanguage
boxes
ofthe
wrting
reference
areuseful.
section
0lthiscoulse
book
(11). . .. leam
thephrases
byheart,
andtryt0lse
youarcdoing
paper.
thewriting
themapprop
atelywhen
youg0through
yourvocabulary
when
notes,
make
yolleam
thaL
wodsinpf"sesand(12)......
sure
(13). .... .....
leam
them
individually.
make
a note
of
y0!withlhe
torms0fthewords
asthiswlllhelp
ditferenl
passages
intheuse0f
cloze
andwiththewordbuilding
paper.
English

Certificatein Advanced
Englishquiz
How well do l.ou know the CAE exam?
Seehow many of these questions you can answer
and then check to seeif you werc fight.
How many papen aie therc in the CAE
exam?What is each one called?
2 How long does each paper last?
3 How many marks is eachpaperworth?
Do you have to get a pass mark in all the
papers?
5 Can you makenoteson the questionpaper?
5 Are you allowedto usea dictionary?
7 Wlen shouldyou write in pen and when in
pencil?
In what order shouldyou do the tasksin
Paperl?
How long do you get to answereachpart in
PapersI,3 and 4?

't0 How many questionsdo you answerin

Paper2?
11 What happensif you write too many words

in Paper2?
How many parts are therein Paper3?What
is eachpari called?
Can you give alternative answers if you'rc
14 Doesyour spellingalwayshaveto be correct?
15 How many times do you hear each listening

16 How long do you have to copy yorrI answers

on to the marksheet at the end of the
listeningpaper?
17 Are all par!5of Lhpspeakingpaperassessed"

1 a A-reyou in competition with your partner in

the speal(ingpaper?
19 How long is it before you get your result?
20 What inlbrmaiion do you get on a) the
results slip b) youl certificate?

177

Paper
tasks
5 Speaking
Unit 3 Speaking:language of possibility and speculation
Exercise 4, p.37

,,,.
L
tllll|I'

Unit 4 Speaking:Parts 3 and 4

Exercise1.5, p.43

f. Fr

5 \F.'l 'ng

fr\[

Unit 5 speaking: agreeing and adding information (Parts3 and 4)

Exercise2, p.59

l,qrcr s spc,knrA trslis

Unit 6 Exam focus: Paper 5 Speaking:collaborative tasld

discussion(Parts3 and 4)
Exercises1 and 2, p.71
How do these things reflectchangesin family life?
whi(h picturebest shows the biggegtimpad on family life?

vi
f

q,
,L ,

tritrfr$8q'

ffi

r*r

Pxper 5 SFalii4

taslis

Unit 7 Speaking 1: two-way conversation(Part 3)

Exercise2. p,81

.l
: {fl r' l i r

':ill:!d

' rf..q jr, ["

,+
.r!i

t81

P:Fr

5 :-j:t.

--:. -

Unit 6 Exam focus: Paper 5 Speaking:

collaborative task/discussion
(Parts 3 and 4)
Exercise 2, p.71
StudentA (interlocutor)
Part3 (collaborativetask)
Sayto StudentsB and C: 'Nowt'dI keyouto talkabolt
something
together
for aboutthreem nLltesneredresome
p ctures
showng different
th ngsthatcanhavean impact
on lam y ife Frst,talkto eachotheraboutthepostive
andnegatve mpacton famly ifereflected
In these
p cturesThendecdewh ch pictlre ben showsthe b ggest
mpacton famiylfe today.
Allrght?'
Afteraboutthreeminutes,say'Thank
you'andstopthe
d scuss
on

si LJdea6_;.:;
a.:a;e_
' W r"
(re o" . :do .o. t
ooopreto' oa.eno.o a. o .. .
,

\A l h:r

m:Lo<

'r

Unit 9 Speaking individual long turn (Part 2)

Exercise4, p.111

;;,''

:iw;|ii.:a1.Ilb

o.<"

wt h s b ln g s ?
Doyouth nk thatparent
ng shcL,
. .. .. _,--.
n schook?Why?AVhy
nort
Floweasys t for ch drenio inoerji:-a:-:
parentsT
whatcanhelpthen tc do ir :_
How mportant9 t for parenis
io estac:rulesior ther chldren?

Ir:\'.r s slErliing

trsLs

Unit 13 Speaking:discussion(Parts3 and 4)

Exercise1, p.158

*y
.45*

$,'
183

Pqier S Sne.king tr\h!

Unit 14 Exam focus; Paper 5 Speaking (Parts1-4), p.170

CandidateA Dhotos
.
.

Why might the peoplehave<hosento read in this way?

What difficultiesmight they have?

Unit 14 Exam focus: Paper 5 Speaking (Parts 1-4), p.l70

CandidateB Dhotos
Why might the peoplehaveahosnto examinethesething5?
How imponant might it be to examinethe things (arefully?

PaFr i Sp.llimg taks

Unit 8 Speaking:comparing (Part 2)

Exercise 2, p.99

l',Ilcr

s Sl}cnljitrg

t sls

Unit 14 Exam focus: Paper 5 Speaking (Parts1-4), p.170

Part3
.
.

How do these picturesshow the effect technologyhas had on lile today?

Whi(h picturebest reflectsthe most significantchangetechnologyhas brought about?

{it

t-t

i
186

Prper i Sle

Unit 14 Exam focus: Paper 5

Speaking (Parts1-4), p,170
lnterlocutor
Pan 1 (introduction)
Say:'Goodmorning/afternoon.
Frstof a I we'd I ke
to knowsomethng aboutyou'
Ask studentsthe questionsbelow in turn
'Where
areyoufrom?'
'Whatdo youdo there?'
'How onghaveyo! beenstudying
English?'
'Whatdo yo! enloyaboutstudyng Englsh?'
Ask candidatesin turn:
'Whatdo youenloydoingin yourfreet me?'
'Whatk nd of booksdo youenjoyreading?'
'Whatdo youenloymostaboutearnlngsomething
new?'
'Whatk nd of coursewou d you iketo takein the
future?'
'Whatk nd of holdaysdo youenjoymost?'
'Whatcountries
wou d you rnostiketo vist?
Part2 (long turn)
Say:' n thispartof the testI'm 90 n9 to qiveeachof
youthreepictures.'d ikeyouto ta k aboutyoLrr
p ctuTes
on yourown for abouta minute,andalsoto
answe'ao-estonb||efl/dbo-tyou'pa.r_e's
p clures.
TellCandidateA: 'Hereareyourp ctures.'(Point
to
photosat the iop of page 184.)'Theyshowpeople
feadng n d fferentstuations.l'd l ke youto compare
two of the pictures,
andsaywhy the peope might
havechosento readin thisway,andwhatd fficuties
theymrghthave.'
Allow CandidateA to talk for a minute.Then
you'.
stophim/hersay'Thank
Ask CandidateB this question:'Whrchof the
stuations
do youth nk woud beeasiest
to learnn?'
After about 20-30seaonds,say Thankyou'.
(Pointto
TellCandidateB: 'Hereareyourpictures.'
photosat the bottom of page 184.)'Theylhow
peope exarnin
ng d ffefentth ngs.l'd ke youto
compare
two of the pictures,
andsay\,r'hythe people
mighthavechosen
10examine
theseth ngs,andhow
mportantt m ght beto examine
therh ngscarefuly.'
g
Allow Candidate to talk for a minute.Then
you
stophim/herSay'Thank

inE ttrtq

Ask CandidateA this questioni'Whichof the

thlngsdo youihink I s mostmportant
to examne
carefuly?'
you'.
After about20-30seconds.
say'Thank
Part3 ((ollaborativetask)
Say:'NoWl'd likeyoLrto talkaboutsomethng
togetherfor aboutlhreem nutes.
(point to photoson page
Herearesomepictures
186)showingdifferentwaysin whichtechnology
has
changed
the waywe ivetoday.
First,talkto eachotheraboutwhatthesepictures
showaboutthe effecttechnoogyhashadon ife
today.Thendecidewh ch piclurebestreflects
the
mostsignilicant
change
technology
hasbrouqht
about.
After about thre minutes,say'Thankyou'and
stop the (andidatestalking.
Part4 (discussion)
Ask CandidatesA and B someof thesequestions
in any order.Stop the discursionafter about tour
manute5.
1 lsthereanyaspectof iechnology
that irritatesyou?
2 Whatdo youthinkhasbeenthemostposrtve
impactof technology
on the wor d today?
3 Soneolderpeoplehaved ff cultyusng technology
Whydo youthinkthisis?
4 Somepeoplesaythai computeTs
saveustime.Do
youagree?
5 Howwouldyouliketo seetechnology
changen
the luture?

Communication
activities
andwriting
Unit 1, ReadingExercise5, p.9

Unit 1, Writing Exercise6, p.16

Readthe followingwritingtask.Underline
the
threethingsthat you haveto do in your tetter.
What isthe bestorderto pul them in?

hrrl /tur1,', 3 hurl yours.lf ayagainst

etc sb th a/so hurl youEelf dom to
th.ow tolrser
al someone or
sometnjry with a lot of forco: s/r4
wnt?d to hurl tuNlf
inta hx

Yourschoolis planninga musical

concertto
givestudents
the (hanceto performin public
and raisemoneyfor schoolfunds.InJormation
aboutthe concerthasbeenpublished
on the
schoolwebsite,with a requestfor comments
and 5uggestaons.
Youdecideto wrlte to the
Principal.
Readthe web pagebelowandthe
provisional
programme
on whichyou have
madenotes-Write a letter to the Principal
outliningyourreadionsto the concertand
makingsuggestion5
with yourreasons.

H###ffiFl#
stu,JAr^i/ uLTl2 to fru someftjns i
utn tt ts tullr Yollrr?o/seE rlt
sruJllnaetuztDpes.
) b. tnJtl.d sltt \.
dh d pi\ou stulleduith Ieathe 1/
bat$ st4fe.ttuttof p6peB
I

ooo

dlo hard /d.rho:d/, [cl

soheone who oppGes
choge and eluses to
acceptncw ideas-dl.hard

ConcertSaturdayJune 15th

g*tt:ril::ili:t*
tnee"ta,,n6,.

PerformersoI all ages and abilities

welcome- lahe your (hance to_peri5-rm
In pubhcrRehearsalsjrll-b6_held
wlll be fir ly prepared.Just iill in lhe form
NAI\,4E

*l-T;;1k'];'i[Jj'"?HiJ:

W:::,;;ffnm;
l
i
:
'l

covers /k^valr 10 MUS|Czrso cover

veBion tcl a nes recorninc of a
song, piece of nusjc, etc thar wd
orisjnaly rccoded by a difiercnt
artisr Sn?l opad ta do d @er
D$ian.tor herfiret sinet2.

IN S TR LME NI etavto

TY P E OF MU S IC

REASONS
FORPARTICIPATING:

PROGRAMME
PROVISIOT{AL
ft5t half _'--_>'
'G''dl

i;;

Jiiii,lti,ilLiq
:"*r :!"*-

'nffiffia,#"x^*ii
fiiffi,fi*

whv?

LE V E LA C H E V E D

I
i

rhc dat ue'4?

-/

..,i

mu\l(

Mr,x--_-

""'"'e'

r"^

themuP?

Se'ond ha$
ltodtnmusidgtor95
rod!rc danR
tq /
.,^ $.,l"is/Ch;ldrcn:

,./

"" 'x;I,il:;d;;;"^u'

Write your letter in 180-220words.

Tao e\percive
other tlave ta

non"Y?
raise

Countudc.rtior r!tirities

Unit 6, Grammar 1 Exercise2, p.70

Unit 11, Speaking 2 Exercise1, p.14O

StudentA: Carlo

StudentA

rnynan ltsmychoce;come
I lve wth Esther she's
froma argefamly andtherejustwasnt enouqh
for rneandmyfourbrothers
and
spaceI ourhouse
two ssters.wassobusywithschoolworkltoldmy
(1)hadI have/ having
ny awn
nanthatl'd rather
space,
andassheonlylvesf ve minutes
awayshe
offeredmea room n herhouse.Movng n wth her
wsh she(2)
s an ideasoJuton,
thoughsometimes
couldn't warry/ hadn't worried/ wauldn't warry
abo u me
t a l th e ti r neA
l nd fonyshe(l)copedl
copes/ hadcopedbetterwth technology it annoys
mewhenshedoesn't
understand
computers
or DVDS
and d rathershe(4)dldn'tcomplatn
/ daesn't
complain
/ .auldn'tcompla/n
aboutmy musicso
gap,on the
much Buta thoughtheres a generation
whoe Nanand undeEtand
eachotherpreiiywe I,
andI neverwish (5)hadn'tmovedin / didn'tnave
in / wouldn'thavemavedin wth her

Ticklinq
h ghlghishowyourbran paysmore
ng sensations.
Thephyscaltouch
attentlonto surpris
youaret ckedor
on theskn isthesamewhether
youtickleyo!rself,
whether
butyo!r bran uses
nformaton fromyourmotorsystemlo make
predctedsensations
lessnoticeab
e. Feeingswhich
areexpected
aresuppressed
lf the connecton in your
bran betweenyourown Tnovements
andthe
'e_5atio's
the!Lau\edii.ppe.5.rre /o,'b'ai_
you
cannot
sLrppress
thefeelng50 f, forexanrple,
youcant cke yourse
usea feather,
f, because
the
feather
doesn't
movea ongyourskinn a predctable
wayexactly
in tme wth howyoumoveyourhand.

Unit 11, Writing Exercise4, p.l39

your(ollegemagazine
Thepeopleproducrng
want to make it more interestingfor everyone,
and haveaskedstudents
to submitan articlefor
the nexteditionwith the followingtitlel
Happiness
is a stateof mind!
Youdecideto writean article,explaining
what
you think makespeoplehappyand how they
canachieve
this.

Unit 12, Reading2 Exercise1, p.146

StudentA

Readngthi5 book rt s d fticut to be eve that the

author ha9not actuay visted the 3 xteenth centlrry
The heroine,Peneope stayng at a ldrm n
Derbyshire.findshefselfLJnexpectedly
ab e to go
backwardsand foMards from the presentto the
exteenth centurydurng the regn olQueen
Ehzabethl. lt s herc ihat she meets famouspeop e
f.om hrstoryas wel as a dnant ancestoaand the
fa.m ofthe pastand its nhabtantsbecome more
renLto Penelopethan her own tme. She knows
what the future holdsforthem all but can do
nothingto changehistory

Write your article in 220-260words.

IA havellerin lime by Al sonUtt ey]
Theeditorof yourcollegemagazine
is
planningto includea special
sectionin the
nexteditionon peoplewho areveryhappy
with their life,and why.Thearticleshoud
and motivating.
be inspirational
Writean ai(icleabouta personyou know
who is happy,describing
them andthe
characteristics
or achievernents
of this pergon,
and explainwhy theyare happyand how
thiscanmotivateothers,
Writeyourarticlein 220-260wordt.

Commtrnicrtion &tirities

Unit 6, Grammar 1 Exercise2, p.70

Unit 12, Reading2 Exercise1, p.146

StudntB: Esther

Student B

I e oesrtl n9 abouLv _9 v\rn Carlorsthalre I eeoq

lfe thoughthemost
mein touchwithteenage
dffcultpartistryingto keepupwth himlSometimes
I wsh he (1)woulds/owdawn/ hadslaweddown/
s/o /s dolvna b t - at rnyageI gettiredeasily,
a though wish| (2)couldn't/ didn't/ wauldn't.AndI
realy w sh he (3)had turned/ turned/ wouldtun his
r . 1- ' L do^

n re e .e n n g ,l BL l h e

ri l -

suppose(4)had fulred himaway/ wouldhave

turnedhim away/ could turn him awayand not lake^
h m in?I'verealy gotto knowhimwe I, andI d
rathernot (5)hadwasted/ waste/ will wastethe
trmeI havew th h m wrthsmallcomplaints.
t'shigh
timeall o derpeople(6)try/ tned/ cauldtry ta
understand
the young- w sl I 17)cauldtell/ would
tell/ hadtold evetyone
how easyit s for different
generatons
to geton witheachother.

Dlcklbunghrs beenlenta housein Cornwall

byhisi iendMagnus
Lane.a liroiessor
0fbio-physics.
HehNsagreed
to actasguina'pig
lor a ne$drugthatIagnushasdiscovered.
\!ncn hc iakcsih
dos helirds hinseilbackin thelouricenthcentu4,n'
trrscLit'ed
lhissan'eCornish
count4sidc.
Duringth.iouoningda$ hc tatN
successivc
kips lach lastsonl.v
a shorttine,but heah{als
rplurnr'u ll,n s rn rLTr Indng . !\lrxr h h" n l \
$hFl hp.
g.. I { . i
rnFF\pfrFn.: 4r' r r..rl o rh
'
escap
lion dissrtisirction
withhisormliic orwhethorhhas
r111,trJ\fI1, d bdc[ -n t:mc

erl
lTheHousean theStrandby Daphnedu N/laur

Unit 14, Writing, Exercise3, p.175

Holidayof a lifetime,sampleanswer

Unit 11, Speaking2 Exercise1, p.l40

StudentB

Holidalaf a li{eiivne

y foundthatyoucouldn't
Youprobab
te I whatcolour
youcan'tdistnqushcolour
thecardwas,because
wth yourperphera
vison.Thebackof youreyethe retna- iscoated
wth celswh ch detectlght.
These
celsaredivdedinto'rods',
whicharesensitve

Perl^rps .ay ras+ ex;+ihqhol'daywas wtren1

6a+arb,Le ;;+h a ,i".one aI
we"+ o.
"'r'v++e
l";e'ts +J
ra!,ih af siF.1. Ne were all
working ivr lhe Caira ahl +lis was gaing +o be
a inta-rveeks sumwrer hali/ay. 1 wa.slaokir
loraard lo il {ar rron*s, '1L" +houqLrra
gei away{rov'r lhe naise aad follu+i; iv\ +[e
citl w$ ven 3ooa.
VJeset af {rarn cairo oe\+hree }ikes ahl
arove .tor,t^ihe wesi arasi af Si"'ri. Ya.^+eel
very *vee ,e" la aye o, a b'le or +l,e oTet
.Tle
,old. 1,leve's v'rilr'ry tr;ef like ,* really.
scev\ert Mrs avy\4zihg.1+ $ras ihcra/ibll ro.k)
ad sciaelimes S^i+-eld\ly. Abaui [al$uy
do.tn +l,e coAs+ we sloeae) lo see 3l
&ther,ne's rovastery. Yat cm sJray
ave'v\;ghi. th +b+, we decided+o r,/a[( u\f +he
ear M+. S+. Ca+heriheso +hal $te could see
'the sun rise. We sal *oqether in silenoe ard
savure/ *le vrarvreni. ll; was ve? bearti$',^ll.

'o lhe d- o.nr o' grl. d d (o^e. wLr(r"rc

senstiveto the colourof the I ght. Mosiof the
'cones'arefoundin the midde of the fet na, andthe
'rods'at the edges,so on y the centfeof yourvrson rs
senstiveto colours.
lt meansthat if you catchsightof
something
out of the cornerof youreye,it can'tbe
something
to do wth co our changes.
Mostof the
time th s doesn'taffectus,but it s mportantthai red
o'"an '"f" 9Li dopaa-a1d d sapoedr
In
"_d
d fferent p acess nce the locaton change s what you
detectwith perpheralvison ratherthanthe co our
cnange

We crhiirued d.rt )d)ryc.t datttrato ShayvnEl

Shei[h in t[e sou+|. We stayed ivr cheq hatal
EA eve.t dat we were sv'arkellivrqor scuba
a:'virq.fierJ's M ,vcre)ible re(.; o+ +ist, ad
cor^i *n ++e cold,)vs Me ou+ ;+ +hi.s worldl
Ne also male +iehJ.5 fri+h some Auslralians
rr,irawere travelliv'g round ilae worl/. l still

ffiffii

Colmudelti0n.rtivirir3

Unit 2, Writing Exercise4, p.28

Unit 14, Writing Exercise2, p,l72

a) Yourcollegewantsto add a sectionin its
magazine
on bookreviews,
and hasasked
students
to write a reviewo{ a bookthey
have.eallyenjoyed.
Writea review,giving
This
reasons
why you wouldre(ommend
book to other students.(220-260wordt

b) Youhavereada bookin whichan

hasbeenmade.Writean
importantdecision
the decision
and saywhy it
essaydescribing
wat so important.(220-260words)

d4!.:hd
dnh ny
t all..hdelJ
lh.: {lh thotu /!tl
FUE cat).,h, ahtt ) 4q tur,1,"3 1b .cdPkr'n abd.)l
:tif.jrat
a3P.:c1t 01 14.! .!.:"'h3
the {,tq
tu.r. pracl,.at pr.bk6
o
"..1 - ,
a.Jcrl;..d
rurhir! lide db n.at.:cl
- I tatl.<l
ard aJlhouSh lh.:r.! da3 nn ,nl.:Na|
a6:r thr.? h.!rt,
at a.:t/cr|,t..1, )1 da.,dpab,bte
la bot ,c.: cr.:aa
an bP
a'd .i8l?
telt"r
aui"! 10 lh. tbnt qu.u.:t
.l thtLl, 1 l.h
1]nal lk: uncahfo.labt" 3ea1. der.
t:,-111/, lhcrt
t a-.
t a-. .

a,.c /etL tBnl,(anl

ttad./.r,
lhah
1h... probleb
{.r
lhe {.-c1 l}"41 lhc f,14 rtl-. loiaJty iha?propnal.
d,ih l.t)tJ
a" aod;.rt.
ta4.tt
ka./.: up ol ]an,/t:.
chit.lr." b.5p,1. th. {ac1 thal lh. r.Lrvt tial..l
.p.L,4t .{{e.15
thal th. cc4pl., plDl di./ ei..d.
dad. th. {i/d Dn5t:',1.rbk: t.r .th/./r.n,
y.ur
th il.i
,i tua.
ar/v..l,5ea.n1
ttl,.t lh? appcs:l?
b,tl..d ai a .onedll
N? r.fl
bett.
ft. ..J. d.
ta.r.3,
tuta
hl ca).in vtai ?firen?rl
NP.el bt/ ..4.
).ar nal .1.:pt pr.pe.tt
5irc? t 4d 3!r. lrtLi ],..
'5

)t

' ^t

Write your letter in 220 260words.

Unit 5, Writing Exercise 3. p.64

rhis .eoe.efre
is for ldanna
qo. {-e posilid
o{ ac\ivi{ies
cLrldren's
std{s
camP.

Unit 1, Writing Exercise4.2, p,16

adrefullt/, 0".J 51e1. rl.:arlt tuhai ;,r. :t a,t

t',:;
.,1.11,:t.
th!. tl6,.t,n7 .DcA d6l..rtB
di5h lc .!ppa.l lAe tcAact. ) .t1)) ':t 1::...r
?G:rl.
+t)lt)r.: llhd raf,r!

You recentlytried to buy an old cameraon an

Internetauctionsite,but had someproblems.
Youwantto tell a Jriendwhat happened.
Writea letterto yourfriend,explaining
what
happened,
what you did and givingyour
friendadviceaboutbuyingth;ngson auction
sttes.

,i ,.,
a. t

l^ice
wl.b is afi)\yin3
slpervisd
d{ rhe

t have h@,fr
\@, M t.r .,e. )4r s. <re :\ 4
{rend
L
of ar@ a.rd
have been 41 3ahdo\
3odd
rolelre.
{o hos{
<he rs a very
of rF@1 the.
se^sihle air\ lfr
is always ki.la a6d cour\ds.
<he
is a\so tr.e$ely
fs
be an
ard wd\d
3@d
e/ce\\en{
1o @.k
w\'lh chndren
she l-@s a
Pecs6
b.olFer
a.d 5ls16
so she ,s ac4us{fred
yof5e.
b en{e.14rn'n5 dindren.
sr rs ve.y 3@d a.r baskelhal\
arNl h4s bee^ h lte
reah {or rhree years. -Ih's deso^srra\es
scl-@l
\rsr she l-qs lodd eye ro F@.d d.'o.d!64.1\a.
and
@|a
be r6eiJie.\
a\ any sp6.\
even lfse
slae
h,s '
Y, plare-d ln add,r@-) she 1@s ' u.nin3
r 't 1 reaolar l) e ire ,s e.!ere\,
sr - e
'h e i r 5 r
\eve\J and
r{"s p14ld {ennis ard {@rb;\\
a{ a hilh
ecreaLnlly
! ar su.e sf caJu r4ch the@
q:tr1s. l4s{ y@. she l@k 4 clu4lr{i61rh
1. le@F\
so she has o{fEbl
sk\lls eie.
baskellal\
@chr63
hle.esrs
she loves
are va.'ed - 4s ure\l as spfl
a^d sr. p\ays 1Le auirar. she e.ldys
reaainl
$6ic
a^1 is rarricu\a.\y
keen oi science fic{i;)
ahidh sl-e reaas a\! rhe r'me.
ln lFe Ar{u.e st]e
hoprn3 1. beo-oe
a sporls
's
{@dhe.J a.d {l-refore
{hrs )ob wou\d be \.y
use{u\ {o. fer bee$:e
she @u\d 32h v4\uable
ge. enltijsr4sh
!6.k
1l-@1 she
exPe.re@.
hea-s
\^dld
i^v51
i.]o hakirq
a \o\ oP l'me a.d enerly
sure 1Le cF i\d^
a1 lt- ump ha;ff@ri
spo;ls
rhpqx\?p
r',i-ino,
b\! e-\o/
, a ! !l- s,D e !,-e.
J@nd
ard

@!\d
f

@n

te

6'qhtv

an exae\le-l
recorfietul

Fer:]6
he. {.r

1o dd this \db
{-e posilid,

Conmuniuiiotr {!tn itius

Unit 10, Writing Exercis6, p.l26

Yourschoolisconsidering
adoptingan
endangered
animal.Thiswould involve
collecting
moneyregularly
and distributing
informationaboutthe progress
of the animal.
Yourclasshasbeenaskedto selectan animal
to sponsor,
and hassentout a questionnaire
to
in the schoolaskingfor their
all the students
suggestions
with reasons.
Writeyourreport
basedon the questionnaires
andyourown
ideas,suggesting
differentanimals
to sponsor
with reasons,
and suggesting
waysof setting
the projectup.
Write your rcport in 180-220words.
t |

| ,- ti 1 ,.iltt

,tt

L : | /. t:.

L ii: /,r r , ir !: 1 tr ,r .l f,.

L r ,1r'.rr:i l

f r dt . , L ir . - r r t rtr ti r i t.r /::\rtt.l .i .

,r . lf r i lr r r : rri rL r.r1 rr.l r.tl fr.r /. r l /" i i .
' r t ^: t : , . t J t l) t tv .' tv ,( r^ n l rri
, r t | ( ! . . , , t r t a i { r!r.i
.,

t,,,
^ :t".t,j
'1 .,t\trt,.t

il

r,;r1 .rrl

Unit 14, Writing Exercise5, p.'175

Ex.qml^er
Tl-*

LoE!

ebhL!

Comria^L5
haE b..^

c(FpkLed

e^

Lh

h .L

.5

sder-r.^gLh.

Org4^LsoLLd o'd CotP5io.r

Seisib|e op^ing Lo Lr"p 6LrjHo(&wr, !L ends
.oLFzr db.uFLlg. ApFrop.laLa use o porogrophs.
Rq"g"
Sft
rangz ha5 b.^ ded\or.sLrqLed b:) Lfp
.ordidoLe, g. o,JL of Lhis (odd! sq!.(red.
Hor*a.'
LL latuage
G generq g .\oL vd:)
q6blLiou5
q C Ll-c.e cqld haw bea rore usc
o loE .r co.rFk{
s.^Leres.
R23!ELer
Co.lsLe^Llg qid apFroFri,qLelj Lnforft\al. Tl,p
Lol! is rr@19 a^d en8ages Lh i^L.6L
o Ll-z

r^lc\,ld cchdla. 5l^orLlisLit

LhLs enLrj

d Lr

.r l -i 1

) i1, Lr . ha ! , . t r )
\ . r' /.t-. t..i
,
t!t'.rri
itt\tv.,..
ir t r , i
^r l

Unit 12, Reading2 Exercise1, p,145

StudentC

ooo
When
aViclorian
scenlist
rnvents
a timemachrne
and
propls
himself
intolheyar802,701AD,
he s inilially
deiqhled
lolindihatsuiiering
lrasbeenrepacedbybeaub,,
c0nlenimnl
andpeace,
Entranced
atfiaslbylheEloi,
aneiin
species
descended
frommanhesoonrealses
iiat lheyare
simply
rernnanls
ofa oncegreatculture
nowweakand
chrldrh
rason
lo be
v afra0 0l rhedar^.lhpyfaveevery
afrad: n dep
tunnels
beneath
theirparad
selurksanother
racedescended
tromhumanity,the
sfiisler
lvlorlocks.And
when
thescientisls
tirnemachine
vanishes
itbecomescear
hemustsearch
ihse
tunnls
ii he s evertorelurn
to his

lThelime Machinehy H C We s (Webrevew)l

Tl-ra qre eorft 6i^or gra..,maLi.ql rds $h!.h

do
L Lfc .eoder LrlCrsLorvCi^o LtE
^oL Fre@
uj.Lt .l ess48.
t'.[ eLill 5po!l Ll- i-6Fr55!o^
o.\ Lfc LargeL reader, e.g. Ll"z coiro. Spllin3 !5
.qLf. i^acc!ra.,
e. eAi-Li^g

reference
Grammar
lndex
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
l0
11
12
13
14
15
16

Artc es(Unit2)
(Unrt5)
structures
Comparatve
andsuperalve
(Unit
4)
Condtionals
e nouns(Llnt 10)
Countab
e/uncoLrntab
E m p h ass( L lnts 9 , 11)
(Unit6)
Flypothetica
meaning
ntens
fiervmodif
ers(Unit5)
(Unit10)
/t aspreparatory
sLrbjecvobject
Mo d ave r b (sU nits
3, I1)
(Unit13)
Participle
caLrses
(U
P a ssve
s nts 12 ,13)
Relatve
causes
lUnit2)
S u b sttu ton
a n de lpsis(Unit6)
(Unts 3, 7, 8)
Verbpatterns
(tlnts 1, 7, 9, 12)
Verbtenses

l Articles

Manyof the Englishprefercoffeeto tea.

. with adjeclives
usedasnouns
Shegoesto a specla/s.hool for the blind.
. tor rcgions,
mountain
ranges,
oceans,
seasandcountries
(whenthese.eferto . collection
of stdtesor areas)
Englandls pan af the Eritish lsles
. for hotels,restaurants,
theatres
andc nemas
We can't possiblyalfotd to stayat the Ritz!

1.3 Zero afticle

We useno atcle lthezeroartice):
. in generalsations
with pLuraandlncountabe nouns
whenwe mean'all
whenwe arereferring
to the general
useof an nrttuton
place
ratherthana parlicular
Hegoesto school in kotland
He'sbeentakento hospital
ior continents,
counvies
andcties
Perth is in Australia.
lor mountains
andlaks
Lake vostok B petnanentlyfrczen.
. lor moststreets
(except
TheHighstreeo
I l;veon North Avenue.

1,1 Indefinite article alan

We usetheindefnitearticea/anfor slng!ar counlable
. whenwe menton somethnq ior the f ut time
Thecanceptaf a bnnd s dit'ficukto define.
. whenit doesn'1matlr
wh.h pal|cu.rperson
or thing
we arereierrnq ro
I baughtthisT-shirt
)na supetma*et

1,2 Delinite afticle the

W e u sethe defn ie ar tc : i a : ' ., j .9 - .. ..d
counlaDe noLrns,
ano !. r-

. wnensomern
nq r.! .'
a rcadyknowwh.:' .:'!:' r' :. ..
:. 'q rlerred
to
'
My parcnts
liredir:e :''. ".,.. fhe'.,...rasald...
.

w h e nther e s or ! c _: 1 _ ;:' .:_ :,_

Connery.
w h e nther eLsone. - l
mp o (antt o t he s o: . . -l've got an appainir .' . : . the iosP Ej
i n g e n er als at lons ! , :-,' :, : .. -....
. - -.-:
fh e p a ndais t ht ea. . ' = ...

2 Comparative and superlative

structures
2,t Basiclorms
We usemoreor mostbforenouns,adverbs,
lwo-syllable
adtectives
endng in Jul lessand-lnq,
lwo-rvllable
doje.t,/" 4he e rr" .ero d sy abe ,r
stressed,
andlongeradlectives
leatn more money than shedaes.
shewo*s morc elfedively than anyaneI know
sheis the most lselul memberof the tean
Heis oneof the most misunderttood attistsof the
we add-el and-e5tto one-syllable
adlectives
and
tlvo'syllable
wherethe secondsyllables
adjectives
It s hotter thanit usedto be.
She'sa lot funnier than het brcthet
3 To comparetwo th ngsw can aho useth structure
ds + adjective/adveb + ai.
l don t 90 aut as often as l'.1 like to.

2.2 tntensifying

comparative fort rs

3.4 supposing/imagine

fo I lersrl, cor odr"ive'ornswe canusethe lollowrng

We usesupposngandmaqlne n placeof ll Themaning

I ean .onsidefably/a grcat dealfmucMalot morc now

thanI dtd tenyearsaga.
I seeloads/tons nare peoplethan/ ured to. (informal)
Ithtnk the questionsaregeftingmorc and morc difficult.
ThePlazaHotelis slightlyla bi*ather nore expensive,
but

Supposing/lmagineyou won the lattety what wouldyou

Thetehaven'tbeenhalf as many/nothing like as nany

.anplainls sinceGlynbecamebass.

3,5 if + was/were to
We lrse/ + lraslyvreto io rnakean eventseemmore
hvoolhetcal
Thi\.I J4Jrei, no' -9edw,r s(oteve o,. e.g
lf they werc to find a way of wipingout malaia, millions
of liveswouldbe saved.

3 Conditionals

3.6 it + will/would

3,1 Basic foms

We useif + willlwouldto makereqlest5morepo ite. n th s

caserhe auxlllarywilllwauldmeans'be wi ngto'
lf you will justbearwith us far a few monentt the
Ministetwill answeryour questions.
ff you would be kind enoughto sendyou accountdetails,
we willseftle this natter innediately.

1 we uselifl/r'henluniess
+ psent simple/wll/)+ present
generaltruths.
simpleto express
when yau heat water ta 1a)'c, it boils/will boil.
2 We use\ifl"lhen/unless+ prcsentsimple)+ imperativeto
g vea command.
Stay hereunlessI tell you to leave,
We use(/f/whenlurles5
+ preseftsirnple)
+
willlmightlmay/prctenlcontnuousto expressa condition
reierrng to a porsb1epresent
or flrtureevent.
Unlets I hear framyau, I'll go on ny own.
Hemight be prcparedto da thejab when he3 finished
We use(lFlunless
+ pastsimple/past
continuo!, +
wauld/cauld/might/aught
to to expressa hypothetical
condltonfefeffng to the present
or fut!re
lf Anna went to college,shecould studylanguages.
1wouldn't takemy laptapunless lwas planning to do
W use(rTlurle5s
+ p.st perfect)+
wouid/could/might/ought
to hayeto talk abouta
hypothetica
cofditon in the p.n.
Evenif I'd got thejab, I prcbablywouldn't have

3.2 Formal styte

4 Countable/uncountablenouns
Somewordsarealways(]ncountable.
Theycannotbe
usedwith the indelinite
artc (a/an)and
theydo not
I needsomeaclvi.e dbout whichaaurseto chaose.
fhere'sa lot of inlormation availablean the lnternet.
She'sdoingrcsearchinto languageleaning.
Thereisn'tany news abaut the electionsyet.
somewordsmaybecountable
or uncountable,
depending
on ther prcserneanng.
Therc'sa spa<ebetr'',.een
the cupbaad and the wall.
(countable)
Theastrcnautswill ttavelthroughrpace. (LrncoLrntab
e)

5 Direct and reported speech

In rnoreformalstyer,lFcanbe omlttedandthe auxiliary

verbp acedbforethe sublect.
lf I had been wahed ) Had I been warned about the
shuatian,I wauldhavenade otheraffangenenE.
lf they had not been ordered to ) Had they not been
ordeted to, they wouldnevethaveenteredthe building-

Wher rha<cqu6^Ce
o' evelrrrs . .d. ir s -or necass..y
pasttensesto pan perfect
to backshift
I rcallyenjoyed thepady lastSatutday.
we heardyou reallyenioyed the paft/ lastSaturday.
Whenthe rcporlingvrbs in the present,
futureor
present
perfect,
andthe situations nil true,the tenses
don'tusually
change.

3.3 if + should/happen to

Hesayshe loves children.

We useif + shauld
/happento to suqgest
is
thatsomething
ratherun key to happen,or mayjusthappenby chance
Shouidandhappencanbe usedtogether
fi yau (thould) happen to passa phama.y, couldyou get

She'prcbablyte youshe'sa vegetaian.

I'm teffifiedaf heights.
Shehasoften said that she'steffifiedof heights

3 Whenthe reporting
verbsarein a pan tensethe mooal
\erbswould, shauld,coutd,night, aught to andnust do
noi usually
changetheirform
Yaushould visitthe castleduringyour stay
Herecommendedthat I shoutd visit the castleduting
4 Report
ng verbsthat emphasise
the irnpoa(ance
ot an
actronareoftenfollowedbysiouldin BritishEnglish,
and
bythesubjunctv
in American
Engtsh.
Theyrccommendedthat we shoutd stayovemtgnL
n
I insishd that he ac.ept paynent for thewark he had

6 Emphasis
6.1 Cleft sentences with what
lmpod.ntinforrnaton
canbe emphasised
by pL'ltting
it at
the endof a sentence.
We put the lessimportanl
inlormatron
intoa clausebeginning
with r/hat,andopen
the sentence
with thiscause.Wecanthenfinishwith the
rmportant
inforrnatton
Thetwo partsof the sentence
are
io 1edwitL 6 or vta5,srrcewe yeatAe /hatclaLsed!
singular
I likeSam'ssense
af humourmastof all.
WhatI likenast afallabaut Sanis hissense
of humour
Theliesshetold reallvupsetme.
what reallyupsetme was the liesshetold.

6,2 Emphasiswith inversion

We canp!t certainrestrictive
wordsor phrases
at the
beginnng of the sentence
ior ernphasis.
Whenwe do this,
therers nversion
of ihe sublectandauxiliary
verb
Under no cir.umstancesshouldyou tet hergo
At no time would the cansderary otherpossbihty.
Not until the end dld I rcatsehe dangetId beenn.
Harclly had I put thepnonedo,ln when tt ftng agan.
No soonefhed I put thpphaneda^n thani .ahqaqan.
SeldomhaveI rcadsurhan e.celt'ntpteFof w;t.
Rarcly will you seesucha gifted perfarmer.
Little did I knaw that he ptannedta rcsignthatday.
Never before has the city taokedso nagnificent.
Only then did I realisehaw unhappyshehad been.
Not only haveyou nssed a ,u"eLs , tar".s,bu yau have
alsataled to handin anv watk

7 Hypotheticalmeaning
7.t wish + past srlrrpre
We lse wsh + pastlimple(or/f or, + pastsimpt)
ro
xpress
a wishaboLrr
rhepresent
or the iur!rc
I wisMf only I had ny own computer
I wisMf only I was going an the trip tononow.

7.2 woufd rather + past sitrrple

We usenTould
rather+ pastsimpteto expfess
a preference
aboutthe present
or tuturc.
rd nther you .a ed back tateaif you dan t mind
Would you nthet I went to town tomaffaw?

7.3 wish + past perfect

We useMrh + pastperfectto referro th nqsthat w w sn
hadbeendifferentin the past.
I wish l'd never met you!

T.4 l wish t could

We use/ w,;h/ couldto talkaboutan abi ty we,dtke to
have,or a habitwe'd tiketo be ablero giveup.
I wish I could dtive
I wish I could give up smoking.

7.5 wish + would

We usew6h + wouldto talkabouta habitw'd Ke
someone
elseto giveup.
I wish my gtandfathet would give up snoking.

7.6 ltl (high) time

We use/t3lime or /r! h/ghtime+ pastsinrple
to describe
something
we thinkshoutdbe donein the present
or fut!re.
It's high ti,ne thegovennent did somethinqabou oe
trafficin our citis

7.7 suppose
We usesuppose
to describe
something
that mayhappenif
the iutureor mayhavehappened
in the past.lt meansrne
Supposeyou <hn't get ajob - taha(wil Vauda then?
Supposehe hadh't had a nap - he'd neverhavefound

8 lntensif iers/modifiers
1 Themeaning
of manyadjectives
canbe intensified
with
adverbssuchas/arber,!/y at exceedingty.
It wasrather hot in the room.
I only had a vety short time ta preparcfar the rcst.
It wasexceedingly difficutt ta crossthe rcad.
7 someddFctvp\ake"dyhtvear 'F/t.ene reartr g.
Theseadjectlves
canonlybefurtherintensfied
with
adverbssuchasabso/uael,canptetelyo( utterly.
Ihe plot of that fitn wascompletety impossibte.
Shewas utte y miserable when thehatidayended.

9 tf as preparatory subiecuobject
9,1 ll as preparatory

subject

referring
/t canbe usedasthe subjectof a sentence
ldlpr.
T\isisa
totuard.rod wo d or pt'aseocc.rri_q
lt ls oftenused:
commonstruct!ren spokenEnglish.
. to prccde
an in'fnitveclause
It wasreallylovelyto seePhilip again.
Itmdke! me5adto tee her so fEil and thin
. to precedea nh- cl.use(wirh that/whalwhat,eic.)
It's unlikelythat he'll anive on time.
It's te ble how many people are unemployecl.
. to giveaddtionalemphasis
to thefi6t pieceof
inform.tiorln a seftence
It wasSally wha gaveme the prcsent,not Ann.

9.2 ll as ptzparatory object

referring
/fcan alsobe uredasthe objectof a sentence,
later,in thrspattern:
occurring
forwrrdsto a wordor phrase
+ inf nitivy'wh-clause.
s!bject+ verb+ /t+ complement
Theythoughtit undesiableto give him the prize.
lfaund it puzzlingthat she'd not said goodbye.

10 Modal verbs
Moda verbsLar be Jsedro e^press
tne fo bwrnq
. possib
lity
That.ould/mighLtmaybe the answer
Thethiefcould/might/may havehada knifeI can't havebeennote thanl/"p at the time.
. logicaldeduction
Thatmust be Toman the phone.
It can't be Susie'sdress- sheneverwearspinK.
Theapplicantmust haveperfotmedverywellat the
interuiewta get thejob
ob gation/necessiry
Yaunust leavethe bujldingimmediately.
rve got to finishthisrepott taday.
Ihey had to recordeverf.hirg theydid.
lackof obligation/necessity
Youdon't have to get a visa.
Wedidn't need to pay ta qo in.
We needn't have bathetedto bookreats.
prohbiton
Yau mustn't leaveyau mabilephoneswitchedon
advice(we.kob gation)
Youthould tty to bring as little luggageas possibb.
Youought not to be playingnusic so late at nighL
Ihey should have/ought to have takenout insurane.
CanI barrowyour dictionary?
May I apenthe winllow?
I askedif I could takesometime off wo*

. abitiry
fhey canall speakseverallanquages.
lcouldn't swim.
lwas afraidaf thewaterbecause

11 Participle clauses
A participeclause
canbe usedaftera nouninsteadof a
An irg participle
rcplaces
an actveverb.
Studentshoping to go on the tip shauldrcgstet nov/.
An -ed pa(icipleGplaces
a passive
verb.
Evettaneselecbd lor the teammust seethe coach
A participle
clause
canbe usedto repacewords ke
sa,asa result,when.
because,
since,
nred after the langjauhey, they went to bed eatly.
Having rcad the boak, lfaund the filn easyto follow
Having linallylinished out shopping,we went and had

12 Passives
1 We usethe passive
whenthe activeformwo! d require
the useof an indeflnite
or vaguepTonoun
or noun.
yaut applicatiansaan.
someone will process
Yourapplicationwill be prccessedsoan.
sounde55
2 We oftenusethe passrve
to rnakea statement
personal,
the agent.
or to avoidmentioning
Offende6will be prcsecuted
with verbssuchaslhlnk,
3 Weoftenusethe parsive
knowand5ayto suggettthat t s a genefa
be/,er,
Sheis said to be out greatestli ng Miter
4 We sometimes
usethe passive
to avodan awkward
changeof subjectin the m ddleof a sentence.
shefirst saw the {ilm when shewasfifteen,andsomeof
the sceneshavehauntedhet evet since
shelirst saw the tiln when shewasfifteen,and hat
been haunted evet sinceby sone of the scenes.
5 lf the sublectis not the aqent,we crn usea passve
inlinitve
Ihete s nothing elseto be said about it.

13 Relative clauses
13.1 Defining rctative clautes
Detinlng
relative
clauses
saywhjchpersonor th ng (orkind
of pe6onor thing)we aretalknq about.
I'd prefet to go to the session
whichlthat st.ts at 7.15
Ihe naftet of whi.h I am speakingnow is strictly
Thenan she askedcouldn't tel her anything.
Ihe apattmentwherc I lived wasverycheap.

(without.o)
velb+ objecr+ barcinfinitive
My grcndfather let me drive the tradat
verb+ 'nq or to nfinitive ittlechangein meaning
I began to |ea.n FrenchwhenI was six.
t began leaning FrenchMen I was stx.
verb+ ingor bareinf nitive ittlechangein rneanng
I saw him get on the bus.
I saw him gefting on the bus.
verb+ rngor to lnfinilive
- ch.nge n meaning
I tied to woft nore quickly,but lcouldn't.
I tied wo*ing norc quickly,but I nade lotsaf

13.2 Non-defining rlative ctauses

Non'defningreatveclduses
tl us moreabouta personor
lh nq thatwe haveakeadyidentfied.
an the 3d of March,which is a Saturday, we're havinga
Thefiesident,for whom a oressconferencehad been
oryanised, had to leavesuddenly
Theteaty, under the terms of whi.h all ptisoneE arc to
be released,wassignedyesterday.

14 Substitution and ellipsis

I rcmemberedtelling hetabout the patly - she'd been

We avoldrepettionof wordror expressions

thal have
dl edd/be" ed by n"drs o'subs .rio,randelhpss

14,1Suhstitution

Substiutoninvovesusng olherwordssuchaslt, one,do.

there,that, sa, neitherandnat.
|'ve beento Thailandsevercltmesbut Alan hasneverbeen

Billdoesn'trcallylikefornaiaccasions
and neitherdo L
Shepickedup a packetof biscuitsand openedit.
A: Wauldyau likea cupaf tea?B:I'd laveone.
A: Areyougoingskiingthiswinter?B:Wemightdo.
A: Canyou cometa a canceftwith Susieand ne tonight?
B: That saundsgreat,
A: ls that all we haveto do today?B: I hopeso.
A: Shewan t ga if Tans there B: I expectnot.

,4,2 E lipsis
leavlng
El|psisnvolves
out wordsto avoidrepetiton.
Wedo thisl
. afterard, but or of whenthe subjectrsthe same
Shefelt anxiaLsand confusedabout the situatian.
He wasexcttedbut a little apprehensive
abaut thejob.
I'll prcbablytakethem sane flowersor maybesone
. at the endof a vrbphr.se
Shewantedta visitheraunt in haspitalbut shecouldn't.
Shepranbed to do her honework, and shehas
l didn t want to ga there,but ny nather saidI had to
Hedoesnl play muchtennisnaw thaughhe uted to

15 Verb patterns
Verbsmay be folowed by a numberof d fferentnructlres:
He knew that he sked being found aut and sent to
.

verb+ to inf nltve

He aftempted to.hange hts vr'af oi !il.
. vrb+ object+ fo lnfin tve
My sistet always encouraged me to take.hances.

.
.

| rcmembeted to tell herabout the partJtbut shesaid

shecouldn'tcome.
verb+ tiraf+ clause
He explained that the trainhad beendeiayed.
Sheconfimed that I hadpassedthe enn.
verb+ object+ that+ clause
The guide told us that it wasa vetyold building.
The weather forecasterwamed everyone that a
stormwasbuildingup.
verb+ prepositpn
+ -,n9
He didn't admit to stealing the necklace
verb+ object+ preposition
+ -rr9
Shecongratulated me on doing so well.

16 Verb tenses
,6.1 lalking about the past
Thepastsimple s usedto descrbe a stateor eventat a
lime in the pasiwhi(hisspecrfied
or understood
t starteclschoolin 1994
Aftq that, I neversaw hlly again.
2 Thepresentperfectsimpleis used
to describe
a statebeginning
in the pasiand e.dingup
I've been interestedin astrcnamyevs sincemy uncle
gavene a telescope.
to descrbe dn p,/prror eventsal ar L$pe(ifeo r "1eir
the past
Ite seena lot of famausanis$perfom an stage.
Thepast perfctsimpleis lsed to makeit clearthat
something
happened
belorea q ventimeor eventin th
past.
I'd notced him severaltines befotewe wereactually

,6,2 Continuousverh torms

l n gener a,c ont in !o !sv e rbfo rmsma yb e u s e d :
. to descrbe a repeatedv-ont
she's alwayt trying ta help
Hewas tapping hisfingersan the table
. to desrrb a temporarystuaiion
I'n wo*ing as a receptionistat present.
He had been staying at the Central Hotel far a few

I'll be going ta Landon next Tuesday.

to stressthe durationof a stateor event
By next L4ay,she' have been liing in that house for
l'd been tifting waiting for aimast an hour by the tme

6 i.: future perfed simple s usedlo descrbe

som-:ii ._crai frl or sho! d be completedby a
sD c;3d: ne rn the future.
lney wi have affived in Mascaw saon
Theyshould have finished shootlng the filn bythe end
7 Olher expressions
!5ed to referto th future
. to be n for sanethins:Io suggnthdt somethng (often
negalve)will delinitelyhappen
t m afraid he's in for a disappaintment.
. lo be due to: to indicatedn eventin the futlre that has
alreadybenschedued
Theplaneis due to aftive at 5.3Aa m., but it night be
. am/is/arcta usedin formal contxtsto indKatean event
that has beenofficallyscheduledand thdt s expectedto

to descrbe an ncompeteactionor event

I was talking ta the manager on the phane, but I got
He had been studying ln Rame far 1:Nayeats when his
fatherphonedta say he was neededat hame
10 descrbe an act vity whre the rsllt' are.pparenl
She'd been reading a day, aml her head aded.
l've been going ta the qyn rcgularly and I m feeling a

Youarc to rcpon tu the nanagtngcliectot at9.AA

tanarrow naning
Patticipants
arc to assemblein the hall at 1A.0Aa.m.
ta be on the paint oflta be aborf to: usedtodescrbean
eventexpededto happenverysoon
Tenyears ago, do.ta6 thought they wete on the point
of wiping aut TB
I'm about to hand in my rctignatian.

16.4 Future in the past

16,3 lalkinE about the tuture
1 Thepresentcontinuouss usedio descrrb
arrangements
or plansthai havealready
beenmdde
(ThefutLrre
timrference
s natedor known{romthe
I'm going on holidaynextweek
Thepresentsimplerslsed to describe
the Iuturereen
ar fact,e g in t metabesandJormaarrangements
Ihe exhibitianopens nextfuesday.
3
to makepredctionsbasedon present
evidence
lthink it's going to be a lorely day
t'm going to do the bestI can
Thefutur simpleis used:
to makea generapreddion
Theyda nat thlnk the Presidentwill be there
to express
a decision
madeat the momentof speaking
AK then l'.omewithyau.
5 Thefutur continuousis used:
to descfibe
d defnitep an
I' be leaving at sixo'.lack.
.o dFsc b e a 1e. p1l i

o og es ) d' o- nd d I ae i

Thistine tomoftawI'll be lying on the bea.J1

t\e

I Thepastcontinuouss Lrsed
to talkaboutpl.nsmade
al a specifrc
l me n the past.
I was gefting the eight o'clocktrain,sa I ha.l to hurry.
2 was9orn9to is used10talkabout nientiofsmaden the
pastthatwernot lulf led.
Steve was going to pickup the dry-cleaning,but he
3 wasthinkingaf s usedfor Lrnceta
n plansthat mayor
m.y not be fulf ed.
We werc thinking of going ta Marocconext week,
but it dependsif we canget a flight

(Paper
2)
Writingreference
Contents
Paper
2, Paftl
lnformation
sheet
lnformalletter
Review
ReporVProposa
Artlce
Egsay
yourmarks
lmproving
Edtingcheckst

p.201
p.2O2
p.204
p 206
p.208
p.2'lo
p.211
p.2t4

Paper 2, Part I
Task
with a groupof classmales
Yourecentystayedat HappyValeyCampsite
with yourstay.
tr p, but weredisappointed
on an end-of-course
youreceived
before
from HappyValleyCampsite
Lookat the brochure
bookingthe trip andthe notesyou madewhileyouwerethere.Then
aboutyourstayand
d rectorcomplaining
writea letterto the campsite
as,i'9 fo coroe_sar
o_ on behaf of you'grouo,9N,ngyourreasons.

Camlite
Hally ValleY

ll'#'iru*.':*tl"
l'"H';ul*l
',*i[t
:ffi::'f
*sfl*trmH:;',.1:llfi
$uoem
(generous
rates
orouD
; cosytraileraccommodation

Srnalana

. metres
lromcleansafebeach
Grimsoa
in nearby
. fantastic
niohtlife
I

Phone:982019076
e-mail:haPvalcam@netexplor'com
Manager
CamPsite
Thompson
David
LjtdeBaY
HapPYValleY
Gl79F{9
Gisbom

Writeyourletter in 180-220word:

\lritine

relerence (Paper 2)

Modelanswer

DearMr Thompson.
I am writingto complainabouta holidayI spentat Happy
Valleyfion 12lhto 20thAugust\r'irha groupof student
with our stavfbr scvcralreasons.
friends.we wereunsatisfied

JiIJil'#;::il:';:::ffiT+ft.
-"
chargedthe full fee despitethe fact that we had odginally
beenouoteda Daicewith a studentdiscount.Funhermo and

contrarvto whatis statedin vourbrochure.

friendswho
broughttheir own tentswerc not allowcd to usethem and had
to pay to renl tentsthey did not need.
lf this were nol enough,we have complaintsrbout the site
and had not beencleanedfi]r
ilself. The failers were c_ramped
somelimc. Ahhough therew:rs a mini-market,it wxs not at al1
'convcnient ; apartfrom being extremelyllpensive, it wrs

closcdfor mostof theday-Finally.I wouldhardll-caBc

Lrnd
onccin9ry,i*5\i6iu tnnirrtr.nrghrlrle:r.1,,rrr
broch$rgal
aims.
I lriedlo speaklo you duringour stny.but thrswns
impossibie.
I feel thal your brochureis misleading.I expcct to rcccive

fbr our disappoinlmcnt,

otherwiseI
llnancialcompensalion
will lrke lhemJlrcrfunherby contrcring.n
orgsnr\rtion
standards.
dealinglvith adverdsing
I look forwardtl) henringfrom you.
Yourssincerely,

James bcou;n
Jdres Brown

USEFUL
IANGUAGE
THf CIRCUMSIANCE
STATII'IG
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

to draw you att6ti@

to corrPlain about
to exPres my.on@h

to
about

is ...
My nost seious.onplaint
ohly did your enploye nsuh ur...
,Vof ont(+ lnveGion, e 9
^toty,...
FiBtly, .., s@ndly, ... Fha
E this were not enough ..DEMAiIDIIiIG
ACTIONTO BETAKEN
. Unles you ,.,, I have no oqtion but to ...
, It I do not,,,, t will hale no.hoi@ but to...
. Otheryis t wi beforce.lto...

Do begn by dntfying.
and/ or
dscr bnq
r he ,
s rualon yo! arewrI l,ci

\\fidrs

Paper2, Part 2

rcfcrencc (Papcr 2)

USEFUI.
I.ANGUAGE

Information sheet

TAIKIN6 ABOUT HIS.IORY

DOth nk of a tit e foryourin{ormat

on
sheetthatwil afouse
thereader's
curiosity
andinterest.
provide
DON'T
i ustrat
ons.

Founded in 1825, the .ity o, ...

fhe Spors Cstte was nbblishe.l
1955 saw the .reation of ..-

in 1934 ...

TALKII{GABOUTLOCATION
I'lettltng in the Saint Lauqt Va|ey is the li age af...
A tho.t d.i@ along the <oast rcad takes you to El Escabat.. .
Di.e.tly opposite the Uousesof Pa ianent, you wil find ...
TALKINGASOUTFACITITIES
OfFER'OOR PiOOUCTSAVAIIABLE

Youroca tourst officehasaskedyou

to contrbuteto an nformation
Sheet
for v sitorsto yourcountry.
Thepurpose
of thisinformation
sheets to nform
vistorsaboutthemainpublcho days
the year.
tfiat occurthrouqhout
Writeyourinformationsheetin
220-260words.

fhe hotel ofteB supetb - .

Matine sports fa.ilities.t
Parto nirc <arrot be beie.ed
ln addition ao innovative pra&tcts for finan.ial nanagenent, our.onpany
LIsTINGPOI'{TsOR FEAIURES

also ...

]\lew deveIopm ents i o cIu.le :

. a fully equipped labotatory
rhe tollowing coores witt be avaitablein the autunn:
. eveht naoagehent
, tntetyenng
TAI.(INGABOUI IUTUi' PLAI{S
We hope to expand this se|i.e fdnhet ovet the nert few teas
Anong teve@l lutue prcie.ts are plans to cteate an anline selice.

Modelanswer
The Landot the long Weekend
manyoi whKhareon a Mondayor
we re f.mouelor our publcholidays,
Friday.
Herearesomeol the mostimpo(ant n eachof the fo!r seasons.
(Bewarnd:banksandmostbusnesses
arec osedon daysma ed u/ th a.

Sumner
Hemisphere,
fah n thesumrner
n rheSouthern
andwecebraie
Chrstrnas
noo
our n a to n a d a yi n th i ! s e a s o 1

. Chrstmas
Day(25l12)'
. Boxnq Day{26112)r

. NewYear's
Day(1/l)'-. Alnra E Day(2611)'

th nk of Easter
andol anothr
Whenthe leaves
beqn to fall,Aunrallans
ANZACdayThelalteris a dayon whichAustralians
and
nationdlhoLiday,
rernember
who lostthei.llvsin the Frst
NewZealanders
ther compariots
and
WorldWar Membe6of thearmedforcesaswe asexservcemen
wor.enlaKepan n a psraoe.
Easter
N,4onday*
cood Friday*
ANZACDay,Api 25th(AunrdlaandNewZealand)
th s s a
W ntersarern d in Aunralaso f youdont likeveryhotweather,
goodtrrnefor v et nql Themon impodantpublrcholidayis gih JLrne*
Elizabeth
3oiica b rthday.
Queen
Spring
on the second
Tuesday
n
Themon rrnpor:.n:!!b c holdayjs jn Victoria
November,
ani s [le !o!.ie Clp Day.TheMebourneCupisa horser.ce,
toLlowt closely
on
dndlocas go to wakf : Peope fromall overAustralia
rado or te evlso. es3:.; tr i iheyhaveplaceda bet!
you'llbe abllo lointhe --5ll whenever
.!oL._:.:: :! ..me ro Australia,
holidays
Austraansha!'; :-_ :_ :^: of the. manypublic

DON'I rse laiguage tftrt

po nts f yo! do, yoJ w
not d.trro.stzte a wde
v o c a b ! a r ya n dt h s m a y

writing refeMe (r,4,er 2)

lnformal letter
Task
Yourecently
wenton holidayabroadandstayedwith a friend.
youmisread
Unfortunately,
the departuae
timeon yourrcturnticketand
your
missed flight.Youwereableto get anotherflightthe samedaybut
hadno moneyle,ftto payfor the ticket,so yourf end paidfor it. Write
a letter to yourfriendexplaining
howyou havearranged
repayment
andinvtinghim,herto staywith youwhenhey'she
visitsyourcountry
Wrlteyourletter in 220-260words.
Model answer
De.ar Cla.ra,
I -nldhf Ih Attq
d(q 3dr a, ftla 31rabfrad65 ro
-*Er!|.
5aJ for klelpirE d'e our an kaa5. Ih @atl5 s6(\
f h..d to b.rt?pa 3dr at slch an l'\ioct6.bl" ||c|r and I
l(n,ot, jo'J c$ hlr.e f'o'^, embafidsc;ed I !,ag abdrt
kEving fo a.L 56d f6 pa3 +6 ny ftke.rl
I ar|\ noll) hode

DON'T
ilnishyour

5a$elrj, a.j jo.J can .ee.

I Derl

ifilo

mb banL ihle rno(rwE ..nd arranged to lrarrefur -tt.

ftrz 6t 11lf- icy-et frol|t rwj acraJrrr Jo Ttt3, 6 +ft.nbr5 3tloob be ltth 3oo ang da5 nod. Ih er'cbsh
fl]- G.ce.V Ja jo{r can 3e2 ho, drlch *c. lglLe'r c6s+
ln dolb(5 ar6 checl4 .that -the an\oonf I'ne 3efir |n
Poonds B Coftect, It sf|cdd be, a5 I &;Led itle ba,nlcachier to dajue cf,c,L Jte e)4hange raie.
Despite hl5drg _ttle dane l@.ttLi,
I t|ad a
Jha
ln
San
dcruedd
difh 3d,
kandEc.o. I pacncol6.rlS
enjoSea .l4t|ng 3ou( nEi,e ar6 gok'g 6n itE boat np
dtth kpa foer6g. I aleo bve-d l+'e cihj, aspec|allg JYs
b6t area ar\d hoPe, Il gef lo c^d|s. lc6d,- Le+a(e +e
ldgl
I knod 3on iald jd, rJdif vBit L.nclon k\ iYE
srNre(.

I (ealt5 ibPe.

do .\6r1age io

gei ttle tkne

lf 5dJ cdr'., 3ai orll sta5 dith r'a
ard
fahilj. lde tEve pk,rrhJ oF roo.n arvc
aodb ba
'vJ
!ea\ ddt6e,
io ld5r let ll3 Lndr Dk'en l]dr re cornrng.
Id lc^/e -itle ctlan ,. t6 re'turn
and +o
5dr tt.i$ralriS
sYrd,
arar'd L-d!dd\.
3dr
3oo

6+F ll)6(v., arld Jflai

A Jte
again!

best

... IX +eak

fo

36d 3oon, ancihanl5

0O d! deyour etter

USEFULLANGUAGE
B E G I NNI N GT H E L E T T E R

rhanks so nu.h tor your letler. It wd rea y great to hea. f.od you
So y not to have wittetu'been in touch for so long/tuch a ,cttg
tim' l@ beenrealYbusYlatetY
fhought I'd betteldrcp you a lin@lwite to let vou know '

I think thatt all ny new for the moment.Do wfite tuon an l let ne
know whatyou vebeendatng
Oneeagain, thanks vety nuch fo. beinge ni.e
Can't wait to seeyou on the 24th/nert wek in
DoD'ttoryet to say hi' to .. frcn m,e.

theothernight
fn rcatly/teftibty/awlu y tuny about whathaPPertetl
in
wat
\ne
t
see
vou
Qtt
nanaEe
to
sor.y I couldn'V.lldn't
IN VITIN G
How about neeting up far a dtihkl.aning a\s far a neal sone tirc?
Why don't we try to get togetherene tine eon?
I wat wondeing if you nlght like to get tagetherwith the rcstof the otd
qangnextnne yau rc tn own
TOAN INVITAIION
RISPONDIN6
Thanksvery nu.h lot invitingus to yau pa@. we rc ft.aA baking foNad
I was rcally ex.ite.t when I got your invlt3tion. Unlortunately rve
rcalisedit's the tane weekehdas nv causins weddihgso I wont t aD' to
nake iVlt .!osn't look as it t'n goihg to l'',akeit

I wat wondering it you happenedto knowarywherc@ @tl srav

tf you've got a sparc ,,o.'ent, do vou think vou codd find out when the
nusic fenivalb an thisYeatT
s TER
OA P RE V I O LUET
REfERRITNG
Do you remefiber that spattt.enttevou mentionedin your lan letter?
You saidin your letlet that you werethnk g of awlvins fot a Khoh6htP
Lasttime you wroE you atked how fiha wasgettingon
You know that rcuse I told you t hadappliedfap we , .

\Iritine relereoce (l',rrcr 2l

Review
Task
Theeditorof yourcolegeEnglshlanguaqe
youto
magazine
hasasked
wrte a revew of two f msyou haveseenrecently
sayrng
why oneof
thef lms s ikey to beof partrcu
ar reevance
andinterest
to students
at
the co legeandwhyyou belevethe otheris not so uselu.
Wrteyourreviewin 220 260words.
Model answer

. Thetwo vrdeosI wai.hedwere Cureto. Summelne

Blupsand'Days
o{ Woldea Theftts'waswolh the
trmeandmoneyand hasan imponantmessagej
all I
cansayaboutthe secondisyou'dbe betteroff
spendng yourcashon a take-away
pizza!
'Curelor Summenime
Elues's a filmaboutyoung
peopleon ho|dayin Greece,
andalmostassoonasit
startedI foundmyselflaughingtill I criedand
noddng in agreement
with moreor lesseverylineof
the script.I hadn'tseenanyof the actorsbeforebut I
foundtheirportrayal
of teenageB
froma London
comprehensive
completely
convincing.
Thelilm hasa - -for youngpeople:that caringabout
clearmessage
oihersandthe planetmeansmorethanmoneyor
looks.Thef lm wasthoughtprovoking
aswettas
extremely
entertarnrng.

DO lsc vocab uar ys pe. l.

revievv.q DO rry 10 make
yolr rever .reren nq tor
r.ngc or vo.aD! ary a.d

D O NT l o r l l e tto .o ve r a
( i e p . n I 5m n to n e dI

Conversely,
'Daysot Wonder'wa5a completely
kettle
different
of fish.Despite
a star-studded
cast,a
directorwith a stringof film successes
behlndherand
a screenp
ay basedon ihe novelof the sarnename,
'Daysof Wonder'justdoesn'twork.Changing
-the
settrngfromseventeenih
centuryParis
to contemporary
syd1ey,
wrrleledvrng
rhes,nptrn r-e bafoque
\-ye
of the orlgrnalnovel,is panicularly
unsatisfactory
What3more,its impossible
to believe
that a man
wouldcontemplate
kiilingsomeone
merelyfor_--:
speaking
to hisgirlfriend.
Suchnconsistenc
esin the
p ot ruinedthe credibility
of the filrnfor |^ne.

The plrpole of a rcllew s

readelto ree the I m or
readlrre book DON'Tte

5o,if youwantio watchsomething

that you'llenloy
andwhichhassomething
important
to saythen'Cure--for Summenirne
Blues'isthe oneto choose

D O n d y o u r e !e w w th

\riting

tuf.tun(

(Pdprr :)

USEFUL
LANGUAGE
SOOK(FtCTtON)
whodu.it,romance,
scenceficton,
Typi thr le( rnystery
p01,dialogLe,
setling,
:tmosphe@,
Elements:
character,

book,travelbook,
Typesrcoffeetabe book..ookery
encycloped
a, dctio.arytextbook,
manual
Elemente:
chaptetsecton, ndex,glo$aryilluslraton,
aulhoi

Types:(asfor ficton)+ adaptation,

comedy,
annation
Elements:
scree.pay,
scrpt, set,role,conume.dsign.
phologGphy,
specaeffects,.nimaton,
soundtrack
People:can,actordiredor,producer,
scrptwiter

INTRODUCINGA SRIEFACCOUI{T OF THE PTOT

Set io eight@nth.entury Landon,the filn telh the ttory ot/

@untt eventsin the livesaf threesisters.
ld the brcathtakinglands.apeof narthen Canada,the b@k
qar',inet ahethenes ot so tudeand intina.y.
On the eee of the Fist WorldWar,the *.ies introdu.es us to

COMMEI{TII{G CRITICALtY

I lound the plot rather

.o n@ntionaUpredi4 ab@.on t tNed/con pleteIy
bi2anc/absurdl h.o np rchensi bIe
Ihe no!r',i has soceeded i|' cteanngan extenely
i nt.katd@ p lex plot/entiet betevabIdl ile -|Ike
f he .h atacteB a.e co/lipletely beIb! abIe/ua.o nvin. i ng
and he dialog@ is wiatylttilted .nd natutavartifkial.
Ihe baletinawas absoluaelyb.i iantlwat veryirg on the

'lYper:(aslorflm) + fa(e, musica

Elements:
acr.sc^e.ser roe cort,me.y..5. -rsic. de!i91.
srage
Popler(asfor fim) + playwlsht,composer

A patrtutlar strengthlweakn.st ol the prcducton was the

setdesignW MarcebCamillen
rhe qhibition catalog@is Kononi@lly p .ed/tidi.uloutly

(ONCERI
(lead.
Typ6sof grcup or musidan:rockgoup/ba.cvmuslcian,
b s, ft),ihm)9! tarst,( ead/backing)
singer,
drur.meitolk
singe/guitasr,countryand wertern sl.gerlar:
ba|rd/quarterfi
cr'sngerorch6tra, q!intevquadev
ensemble^o
ohvvioli srcelln
El6mnts:
song,yricsiune,piece,symphony,
concerto.
c6ntata,
score,
stage,the.ve,hal, auditori!m
People:songMtercomposer,
conductor

PROVIDIII6
A RECOMAIENDAlION
I would ttrcngly advlseyou not ta nlsrv/aste you n ney
I would deliniaely rcco,,l,nd
teeingtuititinE/readlng/llavlnEa look at'lvlelbaune: a
for ahe who enioy cohtenpotatyhusk, rtopkat Sting
Quand are not to be nitsecl.
co and @ 'Mffiix'. You' be anazed.

EXHI B I T I O N

COMPAiING AND (ONIRASIIIIG (IIREIiIGIHS OR TWO

photogEphy,
furnit!re,deslgn,
lyper: pan1ing,
sculpture,

EVENTs)

Elemene gabry cataogue.

dispays

Typas:seres,documentary
soapope.a,dfama,sitlation
comedy,
chatshowdebate,
curcntaffairsp.oqramme
presenter,
People:compare,
hosi,d.ec(or,producet

PROVIDING BAC|(GROUNDINFORMATION

'A Hore af a Differentcalaur' is MichaetGa.dans loudh

n oveltsecon d ti Iitf i Bt nai or rc Iels coh d ih divict! at
'ln the Beginningwas the ward .ade on et ad@n dnenas
last weekand I went along to seeit

while/Whercas/Ahho!9h/D.sph. the fa.t that/ln sphe ot

the h<t that chaa.leietiu ws padi.ulatu nrcng, the pbt
9raduallyIost.rcdib1Iiy.
fhe can is btiliant espe.iallywhentau takeinto a.caunt
how truly dreacltul the sdpt is.
1 Renehbet WhatYouDid LastWinter'is a masteryietel
'Lookingfot san' is the opposite.
Aoth frlnt are lkely to appealtoyounset audiencs,but
'Pontuaden wiu be etpe.ialy appealing
ileithn the novel nor the liln fuly convincedne thoush
the chaa.tet of Margorcally.ones alive on the screen.

$ritinc

reicrcncr (Papcr 2)

Report

with the
a revew intosportingactivities
Yourloca colrnci s conducting
ng morepeope to takepartin sport.Youaqreeto
a m of encourag
in sporting
writea reportdescrb n9 the exstinglevelof participation
peoplefrom
actvties n yourareancludng factorswhrchdiscou.aqe
more
waysof encouraging
takingpartin sport,andrecommending
peope to takeup a sport.
report n 220-260words
Wrte yoLJr
Model answer
Pafiici.petion

in Sp1tt ia S@t ta Merid,

lntroduction
lhc nimsofthis rcport rrc to proli(tc :rn olcrlicw ol
p.lrri(ip.,r
or r,'F,{tiDE.\ri\itic. in nn l,\rl (unrnrL'i(\
indicitc ircrors$bi.h discoumgcpcoplefiom txking prrt
r' r" h,\\ lrcrt(r
rn.p,,rt rnJ rrr.rkrrcc,unnr<n(irr!rt'
prrricip:uiolin sport|nighrb.:rchiclcd.

Currentsituation
I i D tc rl i c \v c dp copl c from l 3 to 32 l ni ng h S rnta Mi ri i .
lcrvcr th.n hilft(!)k part nr .nv sportirrg acrivit,yAntong
drosc \\'ho did do sport, footLrallras thc most popul.tr
ti i l ,\\c J h r rrr drri ri urll c(p.fi r .rri \i ri c. .Lri l r.r' " g* rIg.
acn,bics rnd s\.inrming. 'ltDnis $'rs popuhr rn()ns oldcr
pcoplc bec:ruscofits social nirurc, whilc biskctball rnd
Darrial afts lr'crc lcrsr popular

Factorspreventingfuller participation
Thcrc \rs r clear dn nion bcnvccn thosc who alfctrdv took
part b sporl rnd dDse \vho did not. lhc fbrmcr citcd cost
ofequiprncnt rnd lack offacilities, c.g. tennis courts.tnd
good footbill pitchcs as the main facrors prevenring them
ftrn do g norc. Those $ho did not ph_va sport, on the
othrr hind, ciled dislike olcompcntnc sporrs ancl hck of
nc as thc maiD reav'N. Some clescribedthe poor clLalitv
ofhcilities rn ch)nging rooms as an oil:putting lactol

Recommendaiions

DON'Tmakeyourbu et
pointstoo s mpeasyo!
a ra.geof
demonsfiate
vo.ab!aryandtlr s may

ln mY opinion. encouraging those \ho clrrrentl! tike no

part in sports should bc a priorinr I recommenc{
. orCanisingan adrerrising .mpaign in order to pronote
keep fit actiliries rather than tean grmes
. intrcducing neN activities such as \ater lerobics it
times \l'hcr people ee h'ee
. npgn.ting laciliiies currenth considered ro be poor.
Those who alrcad_\'dosome sporting rcti\iA \ill be
encouragedto do more ifcDrrent sporring ticilities rre

op n onsand
Do express
yourreportDo fc ude

$ritin reference o,ipcr 2)

Report v Proposal
The ayoutandformatof a proposacanbeverysimilarto a report.
.Jowever,
wherea reports usualybasedon an eventor situationthat
ras happened
or alreadyexsts,a proposal
tendsto be basedon a
'uturestuationor planandismoreforwardlooking.
The
secton s the mostimportantpartof a proposal.
'ecommendations
(FORA REPORT)
USEFUL
LANGUAGE
sTATING
TI{EPURPO5E
OFTI.]EREPONT
rhe aim/purposeof thlt repott is/was ao
d esui bde vaIu.te/W sent,..
tn thls rcpotl, I wil desdbdevatu.tdqesent
fhit rcporl providet a
det cd pnon/evaIuati otVp rcsentation ...

USEFULLANGUAGE(FOR A PROPOSAL)
SIATING THE PURPOSEOF TTII PiOPO5AL

In this propotal, I wi| .les<ribdevaluat4p6ent/

...

oscRtStNG
tow you 60T youi tNFonMAfloN
t spoketonnrcNlewed sevqal nei',be't ol tldtt ...
Menbe8 ot the local polke fot e antwercc!a
t visited thrce ho6h: the M.ntina; thePhge Rayale
and
I condu.ted a sutuey .nong co ege gtaduates...
cat owneB wte invlted to attend . tocut gtoup ...
AEPOiTING
YOIJRRESULTS
MastpeaplesaweyArcssedthe oplnton that . .
A..orc ng to tu Ann Wilkinsan,the fundjngts .
A hiEh/snalusignifi.ant prcpoftion of thote
e! eyedtespondents talcl that.,.
25% ol the students. .
A sma nunber felt that the situatbnhaddetetia@ted.
P R SEN TA
I NG
LI 5T
fhe points in favou againstintodu.tng g$eti.aly
nodilied foods can be sunnaised at follow
2
Ihe lollowing reasonswete given lor tackof
p.rtt.ipatioh in lo.al festivals:tiBtly ..., se@dty ...
Argunents put forwarcl ln fawur ol/against the
ihto.ruction ot a local televition channelwere:
2
fhete arc a nunbq of ways in which fa.ilities fo. the
patehts of sna childrcn coutd be improvect:
2 ..
MAK I NG REC O M M E N D A T I O N S

ln th. Iight of the rcsullt of the suruey/questionnane

the intrcdu<ti@ of a smallfe would teem to be the
best choice/opti on/soIut i on.
I woulel rccommend,theretore, the pur.hase of five
morc computers aod |aser p'inte(.
My rcconnendanons ate I folows:

rhit prcpos.l is for.-.

BACKGROUIID
INFORMAIIOX
taedba.k tmn stu.tent quettionnahes suggests,,,
Folowing a sureey atnong.o ege Etaduatet ...
htqested pafties werc inited to attend ,.,
Ihae were sat Bl lstues atiting trcn the tatt event,
whi.h wat not a su<.ess...
MAKING
RICOMMENDA'ION5
ANDSU6GE5TIONS
A fo<usgroup shoulclb. setup by .
fheft thould be an invenigatlon into ..,
| rcco,'rmendthat a new <earreb errrbrisred ...
FINAIRECOMMEI'IDAIIOiI
th he llght of the Mults ol the tutuey/questtondaire
the lntfoctu tion of a snall fee woutd tee|'- to be the
be'. cholcdoptto tdsotution
tf these rc@mmendationt arc lolowed, then tha
sirtaton wi be grcafly inFrcve.!.
ff ahesasoggestlonsare inptemented, therc w t be a
na*ed lnprcvenent i^ the situation.

'$dtina reference (Pryer 2)

Article
Task
Youreadthe fol owingannouncement
in an international
trave magazne.
placewbercvoulive:
Tourirm is it a goodor a badthingforthe
jli'u""
liflleloudsmwherevoulrvl
too
or
,r,i,tr''* i' 1oomuch
'ru* do burislsbdng?
. what benefiis
. wit"i ru-""lii" io" o"'avantalesif ihereweremoretourisrn?
edition'
*" will publishthemostinterestinsin ournext
wil;.;;;;i";
Writeyourarticle n 220-260words.
Modelanswer

To tour or not to tour

A good question?

Touism is the fast-growingindustryof our age, and as travel

becomesevon sasier it will contanueto expand.But is this
reallythe best thing for us all? h's a good question.
Personall, I live in a small town where lourists are tew and
far between.In one way, having tourists a.ound woutd bring a
breath of fresh air into the town, and people would open up
more interestingshops that could benefiteveryone.tf hotets
were openedand new loisureactiviriesset up, there would be
greaterjob opponunitiesand young peoplewoutd be more
likely to stay in the town insteadof moving to the ciry to tind
work as thev do at Dresent.Therewould also be more for
local pople to do in rheir spare time. So there are certainty
advantagesthat com wirh tourism, butwhat about ihe othe.
Travelincreasespollution and damagelo the environmenrin
general.On a loc6l level,too manylourists can upset the
balanceof a town and with the inevitableincreasein rrafiic
there is likelyto be congestionin small centreslike mine. This
can be seen in smallski resortsin winter, when large numbels
of enthlsiastiskiersclog up .arow roads leadingto the
slopescausingproblemsfor localsgoing abour their normal
So what'sthe a.swer? On balance,lthink there shoutd be
more tourism where I live becausethe advanragsourweish
th e d i s a d v a n tases
-though l thi nk i t shoul dbe regutated.
On
a personalnot, l d love to have a cinema in the townl

DON'T
forqetto

writirg

refeq@

(paper 2)

Writine refererce o'.per 2)

Essay
USEFULLANGUAGE
IIITRODUCINGT}IE IOPIC

Task
Youhavehada classdisclrssion
on
why it is importantto preseNe
the
past.Nowyourteacherhasasked
youro wrre an essayI v ng your
opnionson thefolowingstatement:
we shouldspendmaremaneyon
Presetvingour past it is too
Wrte youressay n 220-260words

Sone people dain that tuueuns area wasteof noney

ft is often sai ! that.hildrcn shouldbe tauqhtmarehistaryin schoat.
What ,i otae, nat4l ir t at histaty41utd be an inpottant patl of the

Whlle it is ltu that spqding somenaney is a gaad thing,it may not atways
be tight to tpnd aoo nu.h.
Not only is it tight to spqd money,but also to investtn the fot\ne.
Conwsely, it n8y not be the ight thing to do.
on the @tary, theleis a grcundswl of optnionagainstthe ptan.
I ca4 honestlysay that I agrcewith the plan.
Pe/Jonay, I teel that spendingnaney an peseNing the pastd a complerew.sre.
Frommy perspeaive it seensto be a gaad tdea.
co CtuD[{6
On balan e, , feel that morenoney shouldbe spenton preseNinghistaty.
Iaking everyahlnglnto .onsldentlon theteis a cleatcasefar cutting the budg,at

DO NT nar twt h yo u r

Somepeoplefeelthat thereis no pointin spending

anymoney
at a I to preserve
the past,whileotheBthinkthat not enough
Toneyisspe_rbecause
it isvitalto preserue
ou. fuil hertage.
Whydo l^ey teerthis?
_---'
_e'e
|
arenany reasons
whyihe pastrsrmportartForo-il
th n9,we canlearnfrom mistakes
that peoplemadein history
so that we don't makethemagain.Foranotherthing, t we
understand
wherewe havecomefrom,thenwe mrght
understand
wherewe aregoing!A finalpointisthat it is
importantto preserve
artefacts
fromthe pastso thatfuture
generations
canunderstand
how life usedto be.Monevis
currently
spenton teachinghistoryandon buildlngmuseums
andpreservrng
historical
sites,but is it enough?
t is expensive
to preserue
the past buildinqmuseums,
excavating
sites,promoiingexhibitions
- all thesetakebothtime
andmoney.Somepeoplefeelthat we shouldlookfoMards,not
back,andthat ihe moneywouldbe bettersoenton slch useful
amenities
ashospiials.
Oihersacceptthat althoughsomemoney
shouldbe spent,we shouldnot spendtoo much.
In myoplnlonit is necessary
to havea perspective
on the
present,
andthiscanonlybe achleved
by studyingand
preseaving
the past.Therearemorethingsin lifethansimply
beng practical,
andif we spendmoremoneyon preserving
the
past,thenwe areinvestjng
in tuturegenerations.
Forthisreason,
agreewith the statement
thai we shouldspendmoremoney
on preserving
our past it isioo importantto lose.

ffim

Nriring reiereDoe (Paper 2)

lmproving your markson Paper2

Eachof the two p ecesof writingproduced
by a candidate
for Paper
rsg venan mpression
markasfo lows:
Band5

Fora Band5 to be awarded,

thecandidates
writinghasa verypositive
effecr
on the tarqetreaderThecontentis relevant*
andthe topicisfu v devtooed
nlormation
and deasdreskilfully
organised
througha rangof cohesive
devices,
whichareusedto goodeffect.A widerangeof complex
srrucrures
andvocabulary
is usedffecUvely.
Efforsareminimal,
andinaccuracies
wh ch
do occurhavno impacton communication.
Register
andformatare
conslstenty
appropriate
to the pueoseof the taskandtheaudience..

Band4

For. Band4 to be awarded,

thecandidates
wlltng hasa positv etfecton
ihe targetreadr.
Thecontentit relevant*
andthe topicisdevelooed
nfom.ation
and deasarcclearly
organised
throughthe useof a varietyof
cohesive
devces.A goodrangeof cornplex
structures
andvocabulary
i5used.
Somerforsmayoccurwlh vocab!lary
andwhencomplex
language
is
attempted,
but thesedo norcausedifficultyfor the reader.
Reqiner
andlormat
a e -sl-dll/.oo'oo.iare
ro t-e pu posFol rhetart anolhe dud;e.ce

Band3

Fora Band3 to be awarded,

the candldates
wriiinghasa satisiactory
efiecton
rl^erargetreade Theconrents re'eva1l'with sorredevelopmpnr
oi tre
topc. Informatonandideasaregenerally
organised
logically,
thoughcohesive
devcesmaynot a waysbe usedappropriately.
A satisfactory
rangeot
struct!res
andvocab!aryis r.tsed,
thoughworddoice mayla(kpre(ision.
Errors
wh ch do occurdo not calsedlfficrjty for the readerRegister
and
Tormat
arefeasonaby
appropriate
to the purpose
of thetaskandthe audence.

Band2

Fora Band2 to beawarded,

the candidates
wrting hasa negative
fiecton
thetargetaeader
Thecontentis notalwa)5relevant.
lnformation
andideasare
inadequately
organired
andsometimes
incoherent,
with inac(urate
LJse
oi
cohervedevice!.
Therangeof structures
andvocabulary
is limitedand/or
repetitve,
andefiorsmaybe basicor causedifficultyfor the reader.
Reqister
dro Jorrat a e soreurneir.apprpnaleto rhepurpolpof the ld(t ard rhe

Band 1

Fora Band1 to be awarded,

the candidates
witing hasa verynegative
ef{ect
on the iargetraderThecontentis ottenirrelevant
Information
andtdeasare
pooryo.gansed,often ncoherent,
andthereis minimaluse
ol cohesiv
devices.
Thrangeof nrlcruresandvocabulary
isseverely
limited,anderrcrs
trequenUy
causeronsiderabe
dlffcultyfor the readerRegGter
andformaiar
ifapproprateto ihe pLrrpose
of thtaskandrheaudience

Band 0

Fora Bafd 2eroto be awardpd,there s eithertoo littlelanguage

lor
assessment
or the candd.ies !!r[ ng istotallyirrelevant
or illegible.

* Candidates
who do noraddres!a thecontentpointswittbe penatised
for
da ng nadeqLrately
with ihe .eq!irements
of thetask.
Candidates
who t! ly saif:he Band3 descriptorwill
demonstrate
an
periofmance
adequate
^ r.'..c at CAElevel.

Thsgeneral
impresson
marksche-: : -::r r coniunction
witha task-speciflc
markscheme,
wh chJocuses
oa a.::_: :a::: c to eachparticular
task(e.g.repoir,
artc e, formaletter).Thesecr::' : - a,a: aontent,relevance,ranqeof
strudufe and vocabularya.. rcgine.

ffi{|l]llilt!fig

l\'riti4

reteen$

(Paper 2)

Lookat thetaskbelowandtheanswer
a student
haswrtten The
stLrdent's
workhasbeenannotated
bytheirteacherLookagar ai r.neCAE
markn9cfiteraon page211. ntowhichbandwouldyo! pui th i .ns\,!er?
Task
Thetourstauthoritywantsto encourage
touristsand ocalsto spend
moret mewalking
around
thecapta cty n yourregion
or countryand
hasdecided
to prepare
an information
sheetwh chwillinclude
suggest
onsforwalksthatpeope cantake.Theinformation
sheetw I
suggest
threewalkstakrngn important
buildngsandmonuments,
parksandopenspaces
anda partof thecty that s particularly
interest
ng for culturaor h storcalreasons.
Youhavebeenaskedto
prepare
thissecton of the sheet
Wr te yourcontrbuton to the informationgheetin 220-260words.

frcn rhe qus6uon.v/hat

SPENDMOPETIME UAL(IN& AROUNDYOUPCAPITALCIIY!

'Trler. afe lot o+ dalk3 afdrll
36(r cd5 3d can ral@
gei t6 knod YE;fre(. tEe d(e altez d(2 oeB:
In\pdtaffi

bLildlnds and .i6(\rr\,ffi3

san cfBiob.l
ha5 n.n5 in\poi'raff bllldin33 and 6o{\u.nen+5.
There 13 the cafie"dral 6f ttla lifficda-re
eorlcesnon Dhich
dere buft in *le :ieveftte,n c.nnr5. lhefe afe a\156ve.3
nlce ho!5e5 fia-t 6nce bebf\s ro arch f.chad-5
in Jtie are.,
near ro ihe nad4e-t. Yar 3l-Eld aL 3ee *e bi5hap 5
Palac. arll rila HBt6.g Mo=?.,rn.
P6.rla3 and oPen ipace3
-ThB 15 a 5h6at dalK becauie

i(e

yd, h6.va
6.ndo,"n 5pac4.5.
ro *

fhls.auna6 a.lfyou aant

y.utselt Tryana nake ir
60uhd nore art ta.t l@,Yar
.oua 6ugges! that it 16a
aaoa pta.e ro sa for ptupt.

d(e I

T'::

--.'T*-Jfr
tha no\r1tains f6l- +hG'. If
3dr a.e snJdL in San CriltoUaL
the 6nr5 green .paLe B 1rl. HLrnbol4r Pada. 'Ihis i:' ndr a.
bfge pafl, and
3d can uElL a.ard if in abdt fDenrS
dnffes or ha.]f an tbr. -Itsre 6 a pfefib +lode. iha, in
ltle parL in Apr,t < it i. bafte( if
3d go ften.
A pacr

oF *.

cirq

nBf

,ftfere5rnq

{o.

.rlru.a,

aea5ons

-Ihe a.rea ardM -iie sfare iheane i5 ve.4 inta.es'linft

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,^po.+im
gdL.q
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d{ pennn35
b.l i6l:d.
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Debcnbe the walk lt elJ a.a

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pi.iva1_e ga.[eia5 a.dnd
here. Nexi daor
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$liting

reierence (Papr 2)

ot thisanswerwith the
NowcheckyoLrrassessment
teacherscomrrentsbelow
(ommentsand adviceon imotovement
Teacher's
(adjectives
suchas nice,lmportantandbeautiful;
obvouslyyou knowyourcityverywellandyou've
got p entyto say.Yolr'veaisotho!9ht carefully
about sentence
structures
with Thereis/are...). I don'tth nk
that anyonereadingthiswouldfeel iketakingthe
the layoutof yourmaterial.
Nevertheless,
thiswould
walks,do you?l'vemadesomesuggestions
be gradedas Band2 if it werean examanswer
on how
youdon't reallyexpandon anyof the ldeas youranswercouldbe improved,
but you needto edlt
because
yourworkthoroughly
fof grammarandspeling
ln the inputtaskandyou havetakena lot of
(seepage214).
ero6 usingtheEditing
checklist
anguagedirectyfrom t. Anotherproblemisthat a
greatdealof the anguage
youuseisverysimple
Workon it andthenhandit in again.
Now ook at the student's
secondattemptat the same
CompaTe
the two, and
task.Ths s now a Band5 answer.
hasdoneto improve
it.
seewhatthestudent
Gellig

la lhan 5d" Cris]obal

on {aol /

-fhe be,'l viary''lo dixorer a^/ ctttr' i5 on {oal. We've code up uLlh
lhree erc,fi"3 ua.lk, lo .ha'r j!.).1 ha'l vaded aur cilty' is
WaJk /t Archleclural nanelt
5la-.1 a1 lhe ate-,ntpirtY calAedral of ]he tan4cu/4+e Canceptio", b t
in lhe sevenleenlh ce"lur,r' W4Jl da'lt 3arl,43o Streel urth ts lcryt)r,au1
v,llat, ance haneo o{ rich .1e.chatt' lrad;to it 5;/k5 dtd ,pice. lerhap.
lLe hasl kLgrifrcerl a{ lhe.e are lhe Bi5Aop'5 fuJace atd lhe Ulla
/Useua. Al the erd of lhe
3an Pedra qth,ch r)ow hotJses lhe l;ttorf
slreel lau'll {ikd tte ma.let with it' ude varElq o{ e/ote ftuils
a.nd f/aueft \^l4ll lhrough, tuqjg y1tur pic,;c lurch an lhe uat/.
WaJk et A brealh o{ {recL ar
anahg
flead o+{ lavrar& /toaboldl lark atd e'lav a pleaiant ild
shaded pLtths. l{ lao're lucrl ehouSh to be lhere;D April, rdJ'I d\a
be able 1a el)aq lhe antu|l totter sho'! Whatever the fde o{ year the
pa-rk i5 a btohderf'l 5pal {or tr pichic, 50
darrk o, a behcA faa'r3
lhe Sloriau5 centra/ {aonlLk a'd eAoq q.or'il to,ch.
Walk 3t rhe atl a+ the c,t,
'1h,5 valk lal6
lau +rod the 5lale -rhelrlre and ;15 idposir)g r)e;gAbajr
L,bran/, lhraqh g)airt htid;t13 .l.ee-tu lo the ,ton;cipaj
lhe Sllle
Gallery 'fhe Gallery h&5e. ai ;npressrve collectior o{ worki bty' lacal
atli5l., bul ,nary cller 5daJl 1aJle.iei ;n lhe area al5o l&ve plehll ta
5lap far a cD+{e. ;, .'. a{ the nat/ altracltue ca{1. yau'l prabably
teed la pol pur +..i !p, tut ue k6't qao u tave lhora!1hu
el)are.l Selt;E i. k.lrr .'a.h Cr;.totat o" {aotl

il

$rritn,g reference (Paper 2)

Editing checklist
Whenyou havef nishedthe f rstdraftof a preceol
workcheckthat you have:
. doneeveMhingyouwereaskedto do ln the task
nput
. usedanguage
appropriate
for yourtargetreader
conStsrenry
ln youransweT
. usedapproprate ayoutfor the task(headings,
paraqraphs,
etc.)
. useda rangeof structures
andvocabulary
evenif
youhavechosen
to usebulletpointsin panol
youranswer
. usedd fferentanguagefromthe anguageof the
nputto avoidregsterprobems

made nkscefiveenparagraphs
andbetween
seniences
n paragraphs
checked
theaccuraqof yourgrammaL
speIng
andpunctuatron
Havea mentalistof the kindsof erro6youtend
to makeandpaypartcularattentonto looklng
for theseerrors.
Readyourworkat leastthreet mesandlookfor
a d fferentaspectof the answereacht me,e.g
the firsttimecheckfor c arty of message
and
generalorganisation,
the secondt r.e checkfor
grammar
andpunctuatlon,
andtheth rd t metor
5pefing.

COMMONMISTAKES
AgEement nounsand pronounj
He hat a conputerahd he. his
W btathet watks.t hone.
tnttaertot he. hit' a da
ba$ ,end\
hrcrgh the'he
^a*
Agrementsubiedand velb
Peopleafte. flndeit difficultto adjustto change.
satahandJeftt thrceteenagechildrenwho had iustgot hone
frcn schaolw @rc sutptisedta find theirgtandfathetin the

FiEtI h* washedthe dishesahd thent sweptthe floo.

t 8 have been livingih Landonfot sA monks now
Dayau oft.n 9a *ee ta the cinena2
t wondetwh.t * 8ll andAlan arc doingnowT
WhadC.*.ame to the paftyl

t vebeenneaningto askyou whercyou bLyyaut cot'feeTX

t'vebeenmeaningto askyou whetetou bLyWut cot'fee.r'
Howotten doesthe aveagesrudentusethehtenet, Oul
tutoeyshowsthat ir is norc aften thanyou ntght think I
Ho'| often doesthe aveQgestudentusethe htenetT Aur
etuey shovvsthat it i5 nore aften thanyou night think
'
Thesi.@tsappeaoncehad .hanged 11
Thesilel,s appe.tancehad changed./
Theisitu\ .aryark wasfull so we had ta pak in the strcet.X
fhe isnots' capatk wastuI so we had ta pak in the nrcet. /
Saon55okof households
will be cannectedta the lntenet, sald
'soon 55./aof hou*holds wi| be connededta he lntenet,'

Nareti hasrahdfaugta herselfto play theguitar

My siqeeh@t oA n ete * stdd/rg fa\tiaha' sctaot,

My nxaeen-yeat-oldnie.e isstudyihgfashionat schoal./

I havebeiagbeen neahingta wte to you fot weeks.

tf t #elC+#e had rcalisedthe phonewasout of otde, t
wouldnt haveb@ne wonied.
Hesu994ted we geiFggo ta a Meicah rcslaunht
{.1e.ke Snoking b nat alla@d ih anypart of the anpon.

Omiesionof silent letters

srhotagy X psycholagy{

1think that without the l,.ve we cauh hotsuNive.

Designaf the lieingrcffi wasblehdaf nodern and ctassical
fhe designof the ltuingrcan wasa blehdof hodem and

respwbte X rcspahsible{
dee.MahtageX clisad\antage
't,
hqeIh@r thete/t heiI where/wear pie.e/pea.e
n{c&ry | neanry /
o<curen.e)( e.wen.e J.

rcthorkal)( rhetakal r,
1",1y
causinwha is .aming ta dinnettanight|i@ in Ne
U. caL.i.,

lw

^ha:.,on..o

o di.lc!

Iooght, hvp. q N-,,

'llliting

referene (P.per 2,

ylutrgaunoldnedia'byAmda
rr Alsun 2006, cmpure
mlke for chdlly child,s'

by Mdk Heidesoi

Mcveigh-publishedinrh,??ddon
nd b' Rus*u Jenkins.pubkhed in t'e fi,.r on 29 Decenber 2005, Se1f.
slft6 h3vDsp*t bt Dmiel Allen.pDblished
in ?lr rd4 oi 13 Ocbber200s,
O Ponon Edu.dioi Limitjl20og
Newbrmr b b. idendned tr urhm or thk
mcodmce {ih th. Coptnghr. Desisnsad
Ail nsh6 rsrvcd:

no pn ol lhh publicarion my b. rpnrdued, tud

in r

on 23 Apdl 2001. sig njshf,e: wiirr famny more isn\ alway5nfliel by Moii.r
Pod.r publi.h.d in /r a,agr oi 30 Apiil 2m4. Trk. oi s rot ln3r hrs all the lun
2ml; oxl Masaire for'Temper,rempea The OFi Unive6iryfor'Whds
ki.mc rll ,bou.? ec$.d 2r Fctruaa ?00t: P.iguin Books for cxta.! ton A
blie! ir or oot musum : Solo slndicarion Ltd ror 'I m so very sonr' by Lino
Bnnsoi. ptrblirh.d ii ln. Er.dar Srz,/a/r' oi l0 Mdh ?003. 'A d.y in rho Lircor
I h.mr dna by Joya Lr/m, p$rished ii lne Eki,s srzi.turl ,P 7. fo. bos
$ho brd sraif: sF r.s rim d *o,k by Rob McNeil. publish.d i. rhe rk"i,a
srr',/,Z/oi23Mry2m2.'Sldeldboursav. u!ourbisbraf, byAnyWjl ia6,
pnblish.d in th. f'r,i4
sr.,/drlon 20 Ju.c 2005.'A Loidonr\ di,4 byAhi"

l,rinred $d bound by L E c o. s p A l-alh {1N) . Ikl},

ACKNOWIDDCDTIENTS
hblilher atl{nowl.dAenentt
ThcptrbLhhcn
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lor ilrei' lecdbrck aid co'nr.nb durins thc dc\lopm.it of rhe mrEd'l: Mirhm
ohrcs (A4dnntr Enni Brkoh.Kotiru (GMcc):sb,Di clc'rc (Ikly)i Mmk
Doskez (Poland)rRachclwshh (Sprin)iElrind Boyd.AndF{ Cowl.t. Ed.
Ellicock,Judt[ wilsoi {UK)
Aulho.A.knd
rd3cnmt!
The duthoa would likc ro rhfk th. lublilh.r iuoqli Robinen for hcr conianr
pdietrce Md uidri{ndjng. md rhc cdilor Clft Nichcn'Mmh lor ht itrcisiv.
cdiroislwo'k.Thcysould rls llkc ro rhdnklhc Pi.Nr R.$mh.Sally Col. for
[d psk$tuncc i fiiding ju{ thc nght im0g$. aid Judirh wilen for sll hcr
h.lttul codmcnrsnndMvic. dmingrhcprujcd.
Wc rc gn{dul 1orhc rollowiis ror rcmhsion b addprd Epbdlo 4reK rrm
Arwnr!d.ukforlrvicqof 'Ncv*-$dil8nory" plblishd 2Mry2004o2r,$7
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Ptrhn$ puhlishedin AaC fo.rr h J!ru4 2006, Trurh bchind tr $ilc publ cd
hrtcad.!rinApnlr0{0md
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ltublic(nnr l-rd fo'
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lnfomniion l-rd ldr'Bsk h rh. Furum by C!ft.ine Csn. publkh.d h rrild,t8
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poenl by Mike Prker pubrishenir s.pEnb.r ]m:i rludnouft Publishiie for
.nd Aftl Cnn, p$kh.d
'wish you had r bir nore c h I bl Chrldnc SankcJ_
in c.Dtbri.lst AN.n1h rn a.t6tr. ?rn3; FN.n Dail! Ptrs ror "niilk dd
skilh by Jo Malo&, poblislied h rh. ,vD4olt ,l'at,:rp ii Ausrr xxtr: t'.
w
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l-ukc collift, pub nhld in /.,elltjat Llld t Th. E oionisl NewlpryE Ltd.
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rErpre*Ne\!pap. for'Mouldyalddonsh
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by PhillipBliokm@. $d 1]1epo{qof\iting$nt b:_Ror Rotrs..published
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th. Sm.lq F prts t|.p.itu
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ol $en lves ,
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Ihe l,d.raLt
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Hodd6 H.rdline r.r rhe .imd

cxrc

tlmp?a,

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in lpnl ]l|i: \IB \r5: ;

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P{bli$.d i.
:r = :o5li.ig Lrid

of, tunory bantea bJ Gqg wd5, publish.d in rh. tyeni,a srdnaad oi

24 M3mh2ml. Diggingup londoi\ pa$ hy SEphenHo.F, How frr.an ralcni
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Ski.hid on 3 Febrffy 20o3r 'whtrfs in r
n!n.? b, Aigh Epsein plbli$hed in rh. Do,l, Mdil on 19 F.bfley 2003, Thc
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M.di!C6!plor'Liviiesnh gdndpdridby lwli WdKon.publishedii
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ToD sbfiord tr .\vhy cml you tickh younel,'. fiN publi-\6.j s rta
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,v4n a Dal on 2r Apd 20o2r'ro
hnptfth.hunCry.ycNrlon; John Ctu. tor'lnsid. rhe rc\s ]Rrs
adyenGins , finr pnbrkh.d in 6drdi.an rr,.arrn otr 3 Febflaq rdD: JDc,rl.
fd Tlre p.ruadea, "Hor eaily ft
.f,siry !E you pEuad.dby sal.sps
in Febo,4 2flrx; Prc.rhi Na; foi -r r,lcd dy iddrriry b sd Dr dls !+ N
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in lusrn

lfr'l:

P!n:1

job , pubish.d on 5 May 2t[r6! Hed corponrion for 'Ihe 5ci.oe oi sr T-i
by Joer wclh, publishedin iE &n Fra,.tr.a chm,i.lr on 13 r_o\.mba llrxl,
c.od sme but k it n'. fiN p{bli$.d in d.
Srdt , M.mins Hnld aa2 s.pnb
,nd -Mdh
Halndd. Fmnsion santd und{ Ems of G\a Fi.d

tsBN978-1-4058-7680-l

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