Sl.

No

Author

Title

Anand Nawathe, Rohan

Gawande, Sudhir Dethe

Impact of Advertising on Childrens Health

Atkin, Charles K

Television Advertising and Children's

Observational modeling

Brian L. Wilcox, Dale

Kunkel

Advertising and Children

Gerard Hastings, Martine

The effects of food promotion to children
Stead, Laura McDermott

5
Jane E. Ledingham,
C. Anne Ledingham
John E. Richardson

The Effects of media Violence

on Children

Effect of television advertisements for foods on

Jason C.G. Halford, Jane
food consumption in children
Gillespie,

MAGNE HAUG

New Understanding of the Behavioral Effects

of Advertising, Political campaigns and Health
Communication Campaign

Nick Yee

The proteus effect: Behavioral modification via

transformations
Of digital self-representation

Nidal Al-Salhi

Roads Advertisements and its Impact on

Customer Behavior

10

Prevention Institute for

the Center for Health
Improvement

Restricting Television Advertising to Children

11

Tanya Byron

Children and television today

12

Debra J. Holt, Pauline M. Children's exposure to TV Advertising in 1977

Ippolito
and 2004

13

Mike Brennan, Maureen

Syn and Kirsty Jopson

CHILDRENS BEHAVIOUR DURING

TELEVISION ADVERTISING

14

SUSAN VILLANI

Impact of Media on Children and Adolescents

15

Sandra L. Calvert

Children as Consumers: Advertising and

Marketing

16

Farooq Ahmed Jam,

Shakeel Akhtar

Impact of Advertisement on Children Behavior:

Evidence from Pakistan

17

Sonya A. Grier, Janell

Mensinger, Shirley H.
Huang

Fast-Food Marketing and Childrens Fast-Food

Consumption: Exploring Parents Influences in
an Ethnically Diverse Sample

18

Walter Gantz

Television Food Advertising to Children in the

United States

19

Prof. Swati Soni, Prof.

Makarand Upadhyaya

Pester Power Effect of Advertising

20
Patrice L. Engle

21

Mistry, Rashmita S

Influences of mothers' and fathers' income on

children's nutritional status
Family Income and Its Relation to Preschool
Children's Adjustment for Families in the
NICHD Study of Early Child Care.

22
Samuel W. Sturgeon

23

Tammo H.A. Bijmolt

24
Les Carlson
25

26

The Relationship Between

Family Structure and
Adolescent Sexual Activity
Childrens Understanding of TV Advertising:
Effects of Age, Gender and Parental Influence

The Role of Parental Socialization Types on

Differential Family Communication Patterns
Regarding Consumption

Coparenting, family process, and family

Schoppe SJ, Mangelsdorf structure: implications for preschoolers'
SC, Frosch CA
externalizing behavior problems.
Family structure and the externalizing behavior
of children from economically disadvantaged
families.
Ackerman, Brian P

27

Alice Kendrick

Advertising as Public Diplomacy: Attitude

Change Among International Audiences

28

American Academy of
Paediatrics

Children, Adolescents, and Advertising

29

Brian Young and Paul

Webley

The Role of Television Advertising in

Childrens Food Choice

30

Tianbai Deng

McDonalds New Communication Strategy on

Changing Attitudes and Lifestyle

Jist
Advertisers of children's television used to appeal to the parents earlier but now they appeal directly to children -- who do not have the emotional or cogniti
tools to evaluate what's being sold to them. Television is no more just a source of entertainment for children. They showcase the must haves for a kid makin
a consumer even before they have reached the age of 3.Thus the influence of the media on the psychosocial development of children is profound. Thus, it i
important for the parents to know their childs exposure to media and to provide guidance on
Age-appropriate
use of all habitual
media, including
television,
radio,
games and
Internet.practices, advertising cues serve as reminders eliciting the
Children
have established
patterns of
sanctioned
foodmusic,
eating,video
toy playing,
andthe
pro-social
actions. Some limited evidence suggests that this response facilitation effect generalizes beyond the specific objects promoted in the ads; for instance, mod
stimuli of cereal eating apparently stimulate greater consumption of all types of breakfast cereals", not just the featured brands. Moreover commercials seem
indirectly produce higher rates of requests for cereals as a means to consumption behavior

Two important information processing tasks are required for any person to achieve a mature understanding of advertising messages. First, the individual mu
able to distinguish between commercial and noncommercial content. In other words, an individual must be able to differentiate the ads from the programs.
of children indicate that those below the ages of 45 years do not consistently distinguish program from commercial content, even when program/commerc
separation devices are used. As children reach the age of 45 years, they typically perceive a categorical distinction between commercials and programming
primarily on the basis of affective or perceptual cues only.

Childrens food promotion is dominated by television advertising, and that the majority of this promotes pre-sugared breakfast cereals, confectionary, savor
snacks, soft drinks and, latterly, fast-food outlets. There is some evidence that the dominance of television has begun to wane in recent years. This review a
shows that the advertised diet varies greatly from the recommended one, and that theme of fun and fantasy or taste, rather than health and nutrition, are use
promote this to children. Meanwhile, the recommended diet gets little promotional support.

For some children, under some conditions, some television is harmful. For some children under the same conditions, or for the same children under other
conditions, it may be beneficial. For most children, under most conditions, most television is probably neither particularly harmful nor particularly benefici
Aggression in children appears to be causally over determined. That is, there is a whole constellation of variables besides exposure to violent TV content th
predict aggression and many of them must be present for aggression to result. Nevertheless, it does appear that exposure to televised violence does bear an
important and consistent relationship to aggression. Its significance may lie partially in the fact that it identifies a discrete focus for some rather straightforw
intervention approaches that are perhaps less sensitive than interventions that identify a more general focus such as global parental characteristics.

The impact of television (TV) advertisements (commercials) on childrens eating behavior and health is of critical interest. In a preliminary study we exami
lean, over weight and obese childrens ability to recognize eight food and eight non-food related adverts in a repeated measures design. Their consumption
sweet and savory, high and low fat snack foods were measured after both sessions. Whilst there was no significant difference in the number of non-food ad
recognized between the lean and obese children, the obese children did recognize significantly more of the food adverts. The ability to recognize the food a
significantly correlated with the amount of food eaten after exposure to them. The overall snack food intake of the obese and overweight children was sign
higher than the lean children in the control (non-food advert) condition. The consumption of all the food offered increased post food advert with the except
the low-fat savoury snack. These data demonstrate obese childrens heightened alertness to food related cues. Moreover, exposure to such cues induce incre
food intake in all children. As suggested the relationship between TV viewing and childhood obesity appears not merely a matter of excessive sedentary ac
Exposure to food adverts promotes consumption.

The mass media has important influences on the way we live and think, mass-media persuasion, i.e. deliberate efforts to influence the way we think or beha
small or nonexistent documented effects.

Digital media allows us to make both dramatic and subtle changes to our self representations with an ease not available elsewhere. These changes can grea
affect how we interact with others in virtual environments. For example, facial and behavioral mimicry can make us more likeable and persuasive. In additi
gaining social advantages, our avatars (digital representations of ourselves) can also change how we behave. This occurs via conforming to expected behav
the avatar a process referred to as the Proteus Effect.

95% of purchasing decisions made without awareness of the consumer, because of using means of deception to reach the depths of decision-making positio
the so-called subconscious mind of the consumer Another means of advertising that accepted and applied in a remarkable form are, ads on hold in the field
streets, such as banners and posters, which contain many times, written words or expressions through pictures and drawings.

The television has a major effect on the products children ask for and that increased television watching leads to increased requests for advertised products
addition, television advertising creates misperceptions among children about the nutritional values of foods and how to maintain positive health.8 Health ex
believe that constant promotion of high-calorie food is contributing to the epidemic of childhood obesity in the United States by encouraging preferences fo
food9 and contributing to poor eating habits.

Parents recognize the value of TV both positively to their children and to themselves but have concerns about possible negative effects and how to prevent
for their children. Television is part of everyday life and woven into the peer culture of our children. Short term negative effects in terms of excessive watch
and watching unsuitable content. However, there is no evidence to suggest that TV itself is the principal factor in childhood disorders rather a secondary
for children who may already exhibit other vulnerabilities. Technology now provides the means for parents to filter, monitor, control, limit and supervise w
children watch in order for them to develop a healthy relationship with TV

The children's exposure to television advertising has increased somewhat since 1977; however, their exposure to television food advertising has not increas
the same period and is likely to have fallen modestly. Due to changes in the television landscape, children are getting a substantial portion of their ad expos
from children's shows. In particular, children see about half of their TV food ads on children's programming. the viewing patterns of the audience of interes
children in our case | and must be appropriately weighted by viewing pattern for it to provide a good estimate of the number and type of ads seen by the aud

Children spend relatively little time looking at TV advertisements. Most of the time they are likely to be out of the room when the advertising is on, or enga
activities that compete with the advertisements for visual attention. Given this low level of attention, correct placement of an advertisement to capitalize on
little attention there is would be crucial to an advertiser.

The primary effects of media exposure are increased violent and aggressive behavior, increased high-risk behaviors, including alcohol and tobacco use, and
accelerated onset of sexual activity. The newer forms of media have not been adequately studied, but concern is warranted through the logical extension of
research on other media forms and the amount of time the average child spends with increasingly sophisticated media.

Children have both their own disposable income and influence over what their parents buy, and marketers attempt to determine how those dollars are spent

Ads do not impact negatively to children memory and behavior. It enhances the knowledge of children and the ads targeted to children are not effective, for
effective positioning of children related products marketers should target the parents and include ethical orientation along with environmental knowledge to
influence the buying behavior of parents. And the reason for this insistence was proved to be personal not the impact of advertising. Children try to copy th
and parents rejected the notion that ads negatively impact the behavior of their children, while they were agree in majority that ads enhance the knowledge
children.

Parents perceived exposure to marketing promotion is not related to their attitudes toward fast food. The lack of an association between marketing and atti
noteworthy, because marketing promotion frequently aims to influence attitudes through persuasion. Given the multidimensional nature of attitudes the nul
may be due to a measurement issue. In addition, the relationship between sales promotion and attitudes may not be direct but rather influenced by other fac
This explanation and our results are consistent with the idea that marketing activities are most effective at reinforcing and maintaining existing behavior pa
not persuasively prompting people to enact specific behaviors. The close proximity of fast-food restaurants is associated with more frequent fast-food
consumption. However, given the relatively high levels of access among participants, the variability in access in our sample is likely insufficient to demons
effect. It is also possible that where access to fast-food restaurants is sufficiently high in general, other factors determine frequency of use.

Children of all ages are exposed to a substantial amount of advertising for food and beverages, but their exposure varies significantly by age. Because child
12 watch so much television, and therefore see so many food ads, they may be the group most affected by food marketing. This is also likely to be an espec
important age for the development of childrens food habits, since they are likely to have more time away from their parents, have their own money, and ha
opportunity to make their own food choices. Therefore, policymakers and industry leaders may want to pay special attention to advertising seen by teens.

Kids are emerging as a homogenous consumer cluster of their own with peer group factor and mass media having an overwhelming impact on their brand c
consumption behavior and consumption patterns. Kids are keen observers, ever experimenting, do not take anything for granted and want to learn while ha
fun. There is no stickiness, no brand loyalty, ultimate materialism and consumerism in sync with the latest trends and fads. Kids are wanton, inexperienced,
and easily gullible, but, a very important set of consumers. Catching them young for product categories not actually meant for them is an act of irresponsibl
marketing. In no case should the children be made a target of reckless consumption and materialism.

For mothers, the percentage of the total family income they earned was most highly associated with children's nutritional status, suggesting that income con
mothers may have benefits for children. For fathers, the percentage of their income they contributed to the household food budget was most highly associat
children's nutritional status, suggesting that father investment or attitude toward children has important benefits for children.

families living at the poverty threshold, family processes fully mediated the effect of average income over the study period on social behavior but only part
mediated its effect on cognitive-linguistic development. The strength of these associations diminished as average income exceeded the poverty threshold. T
income had a greater impact on the family functioning and development of poor children than of nonpoor children.

When compared to peers from other family structures, adolescents from intact families were less likely to have been sexually active. Among youths who ha
sexually active, on average, those from intact families had fewer sexual partners, were less likely have a sexually transmitted disease, and were less likely
ever experienced a pregnancy or live birth. They also tended to delay first intercourse for a longer time than peers in other family structures, and this delay
associated with nearly all other positive outcomes regarding the sexual behavior

The age of a child turns out to have a positive effect. The effects of gender and parent-child interaction are rather small, both for verbal as for non-verbal m
of understanding of TV advertising. A high level of parental control of TV viewing may result in lower understanding of TV advertising

More general socialization types exhibit differences on specific communication dimensions. Specifically, mothers who are restrictive and warm in relations
with children are also more likely to use communication messages that promote monitoring and control of children's consumption activities. Mothers who
generally respect and solicit children's opinions also tend to utilize messages that foster the development of consumption decision-making abilities in childr
High levels of supportive coparenting and more adaptive family structures were associated with fewer externalizing behavior problems, whereas high level
undermining coparenting and negative affect and less adaptive family structures were associated with more externalizingbehavior problems. Moreover, the
of family affectivity and family structure interacted with coparenting and appeared to influence its effects on the family.

Problem behaviors were more frequent for children from unmarried families than from married families and were more frequent for boys than for girls from
cohabiting families. Relationship history reduced the effects for family structure. Children's adjustment varied with both the current status and past stability
caregiver intimate relationships for disadvantaged families.

Norms collected by syndicated companies about advertising effects indicate that women tend to pay more attention to advertising than men and that they ar
more receptive to advertising messages. Again, the tonality of the messages might have been more appropriate and therefore effective for women.

Young children younger than 8 years are cognitively and psychologically defenseless against advertising. They do not understand the notion of intent to sel
frequently accept advertising claims at face value. One solution that is noncontroversial and would be easy to implement is to educate children and teenage
the effects of advertising media literacy. Curricula have been developed that teach young people to become critical viewers of media in all of its forms,inclu
advertising

The very young children do not understand the objectives of television advertising and that there is some question about whether these children are taking t
advertisers information as fact. Whether or not they do believe what they see in television advertising we know that very young children are neo phobic an
visual exposure alone does not influence liking for novel foods. Moreover, whether or not children understand commercials, the translation from exposure
advertising to modifications in eating behavior takes a rather complex route.

The voices of the people as those health advocates and other communities cannot be stopped and there is no end of this game. These issues would be raised
but what we need is to change the consumers attitudes. We can maximize our wealth by changing consumers attitudes. And by following this communicat
strategy we can make our all stakeholders happy

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