Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Timothy Philip
August 1, 2013
1.
Atomic Shit
(a) Atomic quantum numbers
(b) Spin Orbit Coupling
i. Multiplicities of the SO states
ii. relative positions in E for these states
2.
h
e
(b) Ep =
Ee =
h2
2m2e
hc
p
Work Function
Conduction Band
Valence Band
Fermi level
IM F P = EA2 + BE 1/2
E 2 for E < 100 eV
E 1/2 for E > 100 eV
IM F P 10 nm
I = I0 ex/IM F P
I = I0 ex where = 1/atten
Si3 N4 (E = 1.5 keV) atten 1.5 m
Si3 N4 (E = 8 keV) atten 70 m
Ni (E = 1.5 keV) atten 200 nm
Ni (E = 8 keV) atten 10 m
As atoms become electron rich, atten goes down
Electron Transitions
(a) Transition Probabilities
i. Proportional to DoS of initial states (as seen in XPS)
ii. Proportional to DOS of final states (as seen in XAS)
(b) Relaxation Schemes
i. lifetimes of excited states
ii. Fluorescence - independent of Esource and chemical state (oxidation etc.)
1
ii. = h
A. : core-hole lifetime fs
B. : energy spread
5.
Diffraction - 3D
(a) Bragg Condition
i. n = 2d sin
ii. dhkl = a/ h2 + k 2 + l2
(b) Structure Factor
i. 3D = 2(hu + kv + lw) DERIVE
ii. Structure factors for fcc (all derivatives), bcc, base centered
(c) LP Factor (shape, not function)
2
ii. t = B cos
B
6.
Diffraction - 2D
(a) Wood Notation:
i. X{hkl}(p q)R A
A. X is substrate. A is adsorbate
7.
XPS Setup
(a) Survey spectrum
i. Before the survey, make sure sampel is conductive. Use a metal reference is sample is not
conductive
ii. Use Large sample energy range to get all emissions from sample
(b) High resolution peak-of-interest (PE) spectrum
i. Zoom in on specific peaks
ii. Always good to look at valence band
(c) Analysis
i. Subtract background (Shirley background function)
ii. Integrate areas under each peok
A.
A3p3/2
A3p1/2
= (3 + 1)/(1 + 1) = 2
Raman & IR
(a) Harmonic oscillator solution: freq =
1
2c
2
f mm11+m
m2