OF PUNCH STRENGTH

There are cases where trouble, such as punch tip breakage and flange fractures, occurs during the punching operation.
Often the cause of this trouble is a lack of technical data concerning standard parts, or an error in the selection of the punching tool material
or shape. In order to reduce the incidence of this kind of trouble, standards for correct punch use, with consideration for factors such as the
fatigue strength of tool steel and concentration of stress at flanges, are presented here.

P t 1
: Punching profile lengthmm
For a round punch, d
t : Material thicknessmm
2
: Material shearing resistancekgf/mm
0.8XTensile strengthB

Soft

Hard

Soft

Hard

Lead
Tin
Aluminum
Duralumin
Zinc

2 3
3 4
711
22
12

1316
38
20

2.54
4 5
812
26
15

1722
48
25

Copper
Brass
Bronze
Nickel silver
Silver

1822
2230
3240
2836
19

2530
3540
4060
4556

2228
2835
4050
3545
26

3040
4060
5075
5570

2. Fracture of punch tip

Stress applied to punch tipkgf/mm2

aShoulder punchbJector punch

P/A
P : Punching force, A : Cross-section area of punch tip
aFor shoulder punch
s4 t/d 2

bFor jector punch

2
2
J4d t/d d1 3

d1
d

1225

PC-04.indd

1225-1226

Stress amplitudekgf/mm2

Example 2Find the possibility of punch tip fracture Fig. 1Fracture of punch tip
when shoulder punch SPAS650P2.8
and Jector punch SJAS650P2.8
d 1 dimension0.7, as shown on
P. 186are used.Punching conditions are the same
as in Example 1.
aFor the shoulder punch, from Formula2:
2
s41.264/2.8110 kgf/mm
bFor the jector punch, from Formula3:
2
2
/
0.7
J42.81.2642.8
2
117 kgf/mm

From Fig. 2, we see that whens is 110 kgf/mm2, there is the

possibility of fracture occurring with an D2 punch at approximately
9,000 shots.
When the material is changed to M2, this increases to approximately
40,000 shots.
The possibility for the jector punch is found in the same way.
Because the cross-section area is smaller, the punch tip will
fracture at approximately 5,000 shots.
Fracture will not occur if the stress applied to the punch during use
is less than the maximum allowable stress for that punch material.
Consider this to be only a guide however, because the actual
value varies depending on variations in the the die accuracy, die
structure, and punched material, as well as the surface roughness,
heat treatment, and other conditions of the punch.

Steel

26 or more
26 or more
3035
2736
3342

0.1% C
0.2% C
0.3% C
0.4% C
0.6% C

25
32
36
45
56

32
40
48
56
72

Steel
0.8% C
1.0% C

Silicon steel sheet
Stainless steel sheet
Nickel

72
80
45
52
25

90
105
56
56

Leather
Mica 0.5 mm thick
2 mm thick

Fiber
Birch wood

Fracture
d

Hot rolled steel sheetSPH18

Cold rolled steel sheetSPC13
Steel sheet for deep drawing
Steel sheet for building structuresSS330
Steel sheet for building structureSS400

28 or more
28 or more
2832
3344
4152
32
40
45
56
72

40
50
60
72
90

110
90
130
100
65
55
6670

4450 5763

0.60.8
8
5
918
2

Schuler, Bliss

N
kgf9.80665

d/t4/

80

105 shots
M2

60

105 shots

104 shots

D2
104 shots

40
20

1
2
3
4
5
Punch diameter/material thicknessd/t

4. Fracture due to buckling

Buckling load Pkgf

Pn2EI/2 5
n2EI/P 6
n : Coefficient n 1 : Without stripper guide
n2 : With stripper guide
4
I : Second moment of inertia
mm
For a round punch, Id4/64
: Punch tip length
mm

E : Youngs moduluskgf/mm2
D2
: 21000
M2
: 22000
HAP40 : 23000
V30 : 56000

As indicated by Eulers formula, steps which can be take to improve buckling strength P include the use of a stripper guide,
the use of a material with a larger Young's modulusSKDSKHHAP, and reducing the punch tip length.
The buckling load P indicates the load at the time when a punch buckles and fractures. When selecting a punch, it is
therefore necessary to consider a safety factor of 35.
When selecting a punch for punching small holes, special attention must be paid to the buckling load and to the stress which is
applied to the punch.
Example 4C alculate the full length of the punch which will not produce buckling
when a8 hole is punched in stainless steel 304 sheet thickness
1 mm, tensile strength b 60 kgf/mm 2with a straight punch D2.
Punching force P d t

Fig. 2Fatigue characteristics of tool steel

Reference: Plasticity and Working, Ago,19204
1978

M2 1160 oil 58011h 62.0HRC

D2 1025 air 22011h 61.0HRC

140

M2
120
D2
100

80
70

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4

4 5 6 7 8 9 105

Number of repetitionstimes

From Formula
 n2EI/P
6:
2221000 201/1206
262 mm
If the safety factor is 3, then
262/387 mm

810.860
1206 kgf
4

Example 1 The maximum punching force P when punching

a round hole of diameter 2.8 mm in a high-tensile
steel sheet of thickness 1.2 mmtensile strength
80 kgf/mm2, is the following. When Pt,
Shearing resistance0.880
2
64kgf/mm
P3.142.81.264675 kgf

100

Shearing resistance Tensile strength B

2
2
kgf/mm
kgf/mm

dmin4t/
2
: Fatigue strength of tool steelkgf/mm
Example 3The minimum punching diameter that is possible
when punching 100,000 shots or more in SPCC of
thickness 2 mm with an M2 punch is the following.
dmin4t/ 4
4226/97
2.1mm F atigue strength for M2 at 100,000
shots:
2
97 kgf/mmfrom Fig. 2
2
26 kgf/mmfrom Table 1

 8
Second moment of inertia I d
64
64
4
201mm

Punching force Pkgf

Fig. 3Punching limit

Minimum punching diameter: dmin.

With stripper guide : n2

If the punch plate sheet thickness t is 20 mm, then buckling can be prevented by using a
punch of total length 107 mm or less. For a punch based on the stripper plate
punch plate
tip is guided by the clearance, the full length should be 87 mm or less.
Example 5The buckling load P when a SHAL560P2.00BC20 punch is used without
a stripper g uide is the following.
Punch material : M2
Pn2EI/2
2
2
E 22000 kgf/mm2
1 220000.785/20
4
24
426 kgf
I  d
64 64
4
If the safety factor is 3, then
0.785 mm
P426/3142 kgf
Without stripper guide : n1
Buckling will not occur at a punching force of 142 kgf or less.

Based on punch plate Based on stripper

60

Table 1Shearing resistance and tensile strengths of various materials

20

1. Calculation of punching force

3. Minimum punching diameter

Shearing resistance of workpiece

kgf/mm2

PRODUCTS DATACALCULATION

d2
Fig.4Buckling of punch

1226

2012/10/25

17:00:33