Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
International Symposium
on Biofuels
September 25-26, 2007
New Delhi, India
2007 UOP LLC. All rights reserved.
UOP 4833-01
Drivers
Need
Petroleum cost and
availability
Profitable Processing
Options and incentives
Mandates
GHG emissions
Approaches
Issues
Availability
Stand
alone options
Costs
Co-processing
options
Transportation
Hydrogen
generation
Composition
Higher
value products
UOP 4833-11
UOP 4833-10
Process
Methanol
Biodiesel
Biodiesel
Vegetable Oil
H2
Vegetable Oil
Product
Biodiesel
Glycerol
EcofiningTM
Green Diesel
Vegetable Oil
Catalytic
Cracking
Green Gasoline
Green Olefins
Pyrolysis Oil
Hydro
Hydro-processing
Green Gasoline
Green Diesel
Lignocellulosic
Waste
Hydro
Hydro-processing
Green Fuels
Green Chemicals
UOP 4833-12
- Economic
- Sustainable
- Leverages refinery assets and infrastructure
UOP 4833-13
H2
Diesel
Pretreater
Vegetable
Oil
Diesel
Remove contaminants
H2
DHT
Diesel
DHT
Diesel
Green Diesel
Unit
CO2
HO
CH3
MW = 200-300
O
Triglycerides
H2
CH3
HC O O
CO2
H2O +
H3C
CH3
OO
MW = 700-900
CH3
H2O
H3C
H3C
CH3
CH3
H3C
H3C
CH3
CH2 +
CH3
H3C
Make-up
Hydrogen
Vegetable Oil
Reactor
Acid Gas
Removal
CO2
CH3 CH
Propane &
Light Ends
Separator
Naphtha
or Jet
Water
H3C
+
H3C
H3C
Diesel
Product
CH3
CH3
CH3
H3C
+
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
UOP4699-05
Reactor
Make-up
Hydrogen
Acid Gas
Removal
CO2
Propane
& Light
Ends
Separator
Naphtha
or Jet
Water
Diesel
Product
UOP 4833-14
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
HOS
100
1.5-3.8
Liquid Products
Naphtha, vol-%
1-10
Diesel, vol-%
88-99
Cetane Number
> 80
Sulfur, ppm
<1
Biodiesel
(FAME)
Green Diesel
11
Specific Gravity
0.84
0.88
0.78
<10
<1
<1
43
38
44
Cloud Point, C
-5
-5 to +15
-30 to -10
Distillation, C
200 to 350
340 to 355
265 to 320
40
50-65
70-90
Lubricity
Baseline
Good
Baseline
Stability
Good
Marginal
Good
Oxygen Content, %
Cetane
UOP 4833-17
Barrels
in Pool
Cetane
Index
Kerosene
500
41
7500
52
Hydrotreated LCO
2000
20
Green Diesel
2346
74
Average Cetane
50
50 min
2000 bbl/day
$9200/day
$3.90/bbl
US$/Barrel
7.0
6.0
5.0
B5
4.0
B10
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Base Case
FAME Only
FAME w/LCO
Assumptions
150K BPD European Refinery configuration with FCC & HCU
Refinery processes a mix of Mid-East crudes
Product slate per EU norms; EN 590 for diesel
Purchase FAME, LCO, Green Diesel as need to meet B5 or B10 blend
In this example, margin premium of Green Diesel over FAME w/LCO addition is:
~$40 million annually for B5
~$80 million annually for B10
UOP Confidential
NPV, $MM
$500
$560MT w/Tax Incentive
$400
$560MT
$300
$420MT
$200
$100
$0
50.00
60.00
30.00
40.00
-$100
-$200
-$300
-$400
-$500
70.00
80.00
UOP 4833-19
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Green
Diesel
3.80
BTL
PyOil to
Naphtha
3.00
2.27
1.50
0.75
Sugar
Cane
Corn
0
Current
Future Target
Ligno- Animal
Cellulose Fats
Veg.
Oils
Veg.
Oils
Waste
Waste
Biomass Biomass
UOP 4833-31
UOP 4833-20
UOP 4833-22
1.45
1.38
1.28
1.01
1.34
1.03
1.23
.29
.20
1.26
.33
Petroleum
Diesel
Biodiesel
Fossil Energy
Nuclear Energy
Biomass Energy
UOP 4833-23
Kg CO2/ MJ
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
Petroleum Biodiesel
Diesel
Green
Diesel-A
Green
Diesel-B
Deoxygenation
Isomerization
Green Diesel
Deoxygenation
Selective Cracking/
Isomerization
Green Jet
Process
Methanol
Biodiesel
Biodiesel
Vegetable Oil
H2
Vegetable Oil
Product
Biodiesel
Glycerol
EcofiningTM
Green Diesel
Vegetable Oil
Catalytic
Cracking
Green Gasoline
Green Olefins
Pyrolysis Oil
Hydro
Hydro-processing
Green Gasoline
Green Diesel
Lignocellulosic
Waste
Hydro
Hydro-processing
Green Fuels
Green Chemicals
UOP 4833-25
UOP 4833-26
FCC Co-Processing:
Gasoline and Olefin Yields
Yields, wt%
Dry Gas
Propylene
Propane
C4s
Gasoline
LCO
HCO
Coke
H2O, CO, CO2
Total
VGO
5.9
10.2
1.9
13.7
36.7
9.6
17.7
4.3
0
100.0
UOP 4833-27
Technical Difficulty
Cellulosic
Ethanol
Cellulosic
Gasoline
Cellulosic
Diesel
Jet Fuel
Green Diesel
Biodiesel/
FAME
Ethanol
2005
2010
2015
year
UOP 4833-29
Summary
Refiners are well positioned to play a major role in
renewable diesel production
UOP and Eni are licensing the Ecofining Process to
produce diesel from vegetable oil and greases in
refineries
Green Diesel has superior fuel properties
The Ecofining Process is more sustainable and has
better economics
Longer term, technology development focused on
the utilization of algal oils and waste biomass
UOP 4833-32
UOP 4833-34