Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
xlsx
Security Level
WCDMA
2004
384
128
150
1.4
6
72
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ANR Automatic Neighbor Relation funciton resides in eNodeB and eNodeB maintains the
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X2 interface for seamless HO, NO X2 no Inter eNodeB HO, It would be then cell reselectio
MIB is transmitted after 3 radio frames and in between it just repeated MIB. 1 radio frame = 1
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HSDPA
2005
14MBPS
<100
3
15
180
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
IFFT
FFT
Normal Prefix
extended Prefix
The largest unit in time domain is a frame, each of which is 10 ms in length. Each of the frame consists of 10 sub fram
each of which is 0.5 ms in length.Each of slots consists of 7 symbols
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
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eNodeB
Load Control = DL Power & UL Interference
Admission Control
Packet Data Scheduling QOS
Src eNobeB makes HO Decesion
ANR Automatic Neighbor Relation funciton resides in eNodeB and eNodeB maintains the NRT Neighbor Relation Table
Ne Detection for Addition & Ne Deletion for Removal
MME
MME controls Serving Gateway Switching (Other eNodeB & SGSN) through S11 interface
VLR functioning
EPS Bearer
Radio Bearer
Mobile to eNodeB
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X2 interface for seamless HO, NO X2 no Inter eNodeB HO, It would be then cell reselection, So X2 is not mandatory
MIB is transmitted after 3 radio frames and in between it just repeated MIB. 1 radio frame = 10ms = 10subframes = 20 slots
subcarrier in OFDM based systems. It is used by the mobile device to locate the
Primary & secondary syn signals are transmitted on each 0 and 10 slot
independent of BW PSS & SSS are transmitted on cental 62 sub cariers
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PSS 1-3
SSS 1-168
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HSUPA
2006
Security Level
5.7MBPS
<100
HSPA+
2008/2009
28
11
<50
5
25
300
10
50
600
QPSK,16QAM,64QAM
QPSK,16QAM,64QAM
FreqtoTime
Time to Freq
5.2 Us first Symbol
16.7
e frame consists of 10 sub frames, each of which is 1 ms in length. Each of sub frame consists of 2 slots,
of slots consists of 7 symbols, each of which is 66.7 us.
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9 QOS classes
4 GBR 5 non GBR
EPS Bearer
S1 Bearer
S5 Bearer
S5 Bearer
Serving Gateway - Packet Gateway
er is there
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X2 is not mandatory
CQI reporting is normally PREODIC on PUCCH or on PUSCH when multiplexed with data
CQI can be NON PREODIC when requested by eNodeB and its always on PUSCH
next PDCCH
10subframes = 20 slots
the mobile device to locate the center of the OFDM frequency band.
SIB1 Camp
SIB2 Access
SIB3 Mobility
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LTE
2010
150DL 75UL
48
10
LTE ADVANCE
15
75
900
20
100
1200
Security Level
100DL FAST
1G SLOW
cat4
cat5
150dl/75
300dl/75
2*2 mimo
4*4mimo
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External Bearer
Packet Gateway to PDN
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Same IP Address
One PDN
Same IP Address
Second PDN
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15khz spacing
20mhz
20mhz
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One of the most important step for testing/troubleshooting around the initial registration is to check whether U
successfully complete the time-sync (step i) and ii)), but it is very hard to check this step with any kind of equi
One way to easily check whether UE succeeded in time-sync or not is to check from UE log whether UE success
decoded Cell ID or not. If UE successfully detected Cell ID, it means UE successfully completed the time-sync.
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Random Access Response window size (ra-ResponseWindowSize): The random access response window (ra-window
duration monitoring the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in order for the UE to receive a Random Access Resp
message. If the UE fails to receive a valid random access response message until the Random Access Response window e
UE is capable of retransmitting the preamble.
mac-ContentionResolutionTimer (broadcast by SIB2). Specifies the number of consecutive subframe(s) during which th
monitor the PDCCH after Msg3 is transmitted
T300 starts after RRC connection Request if no RRC connection setup received and T300 fails its a failure
T302 stats after RRC rejection received and sets its value to wait timer which is received in RRC connection rejection message
So no access to current cell for T302 and if cell reselection occurred then T302 stops
SRB are signalling radio beares used only for the transmission of RRC & NAS msgs
Paging Capacity
is depended on MME Paging capacity & eNodeB paging capacity
CQI-PMI-ConfigIndex determines how often the UE is supposed to report CQI (channel quality Indicator) and PMI (pre-coding
RI-ConfigIndex determines how often the UE is supposed to report RI (Rank Indicator) on the PUCCH.
ROOT Sequence
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In real network Ne site Root Sequence must be different and do not overlap as well other wise mobile will face INTERF
Summray
Cell radium tell Ncs = N
NCS can be calculate by formula Ncs> 1.04875 (6.67*r+TDM+2) or by the cell radium table
One root sequence can generate how any orthogonal preambles = floor(839/N)=M
One cell need how many root sequence = roundup (64/M) = X
The SFN (System Frame Number) which helps with synchronization and acts as a timing reference. The periodicity of MIB is 40 ms. A ne
every 40 ms when SFN mod 4 = 0 and within the 40 ms period, the same MIB is repeated every 10 ms (SFN field in MIB does not change,
actual SFN=4n, 4n+1, 4n+2, and 4n+3). MIB is always sent in subframe 0. Note that the SFN field in the MIB records only the most signific
actual SFN; the remaining 2 bits are determined by which of the 4 repetitions the UE is looking at (00 for the first copy, 01 for the second, and
SIB1 is sent with the periodicity of 80 ms when SFN mod 8=0 and is repeated when SFN mod 2 =0. In other words, a new SIB1 is sent ev
within the 80 ms period, the same SIB1 is repeated every 20 ms. SIB1 is always sent in subframe 5.
PHICH (Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel )are located in one OFDM symbol in each su
http://lteuniversity.com/get_trained/expert_opinion1/b/hongyanlei/archive/2011/07/08/physical-hybrid-arq-indicator-channel-phic
The Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) in the downlink carries Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) acknowledgements (ACK/NA
uplink data transfers.
Multiple REGs groups are required by one PHICH and same sets of REGs groups can be used by different PHICH
ACK iss 111 & NAC is 000 so three bits are used for them. PHICH uses BPSK so 1 bit per sybmol means 3 bits
as PHICH are differentiated by orthogonality factor and PHICH group number
For normal cyclic prefix SF 4 is used by orthoganality factor so in totol 4*3 = 12 bits are required
as one REG groups is consists of 4 Resource Elements so 3 REGs are reuqired by one PHICH
as per the standard by 3GPP there could b 8 CPICH in CPICH group. In 10MHz e.g there are 7 PHICH groups
so in one PHICH group there could be 7 * 4 * 3 = 84 Res
Ng & bandwidth value in MIB
if NG = 1 and BW =10mhz then Ng * N_DL_RB/8 = 1* 50/8 = 6.25 means 7 PHICH groups and 56 PHICHS
PCFICH is always 4REG also appears in first OFDM symbol of each subframe
and always occupies 4REGs regardless the system bandwidth
The Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) is one of the control channels that works at physical layer. It is used
dynamically indicate the number of symbols to be used for PDCCH.
On one hand, the UE needs to decode PDCCH to know where to find SIB on PDSCH. On the other hand, PDCCH and PHICH
share the resources in the control region of a subframe and the set of the available resources for PDCCH depends on the PHI
configuration (PCFICH resources are fixed and known).
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Each CCE contains 9 REGs, which are distributed across the first 1/2/3 (/4 if needed for a 1.4MHz channel) OFDM symbols a
bandwidth through interleaving to enable diversity and to mitigate interference.
PDCCH http://lteuniversity.com/get_trained/expert_opinion1/b/hongyanlei/archive/2011/05
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Knowing the PDCCH capacity, dynamic PDCCH allocation can be used to improve throughput. If the number of active users is
OFDM symbols are used; if there are more active users in the system, more OFDM symbols will be allocated for the PDCCH.
CN
The CN also tracks the mobility of inactive terminals (i.e., terminals in power saving state).
E-UTRAN
E-UTRAN performs all radio related functions for active terminals (i.e. terminals sending data).
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gt
ts
0.203125ms
tseq
7.3104 *10-8
0.795275
1.795275
119.2913
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0.0016
1.6
0.196875
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269.2913
29.53125
61.16693
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20/pdcch-construction.aspx
chive/2011/09/19/pdcch-dimensioning.aspx
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LTE system information is one of the key aspects of the air interface. It consists of the Master Information Block (MIB) and a number of Syste
1.
The MIB is the first thing a UE looks for after it achieves downlink synchronization. The MIB carries the most essential information that
The uplink carrier frequency and the uplink channel bandwidth (in terms of the number of Resource Blocks, for example n25, n50)
The Random Access Channel (RACH) configuration, which helps a UE start the random access procedure, such as preamble information
The paging configuration, such as the paging cycle
The uplink power control configuration, such as P0-NominalPUSCH/PUCCH
The Sounding Reference Signal configuration
The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration to support the transmission of ACK/NACK, scheduling requests, and CQI re
The Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) configuration, such as hopping
4.
SIB3 contains information common for intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and/or inter-RAT cell reselection. This information does not nec
s-IntraSearch: the threshold for starting intra-frequency measurement. When s-ServingCell (i.e., cell selection criterion for serving cell) is
s-NonIntraSearch: the threshold for starting inter-frequency and IRAT measurements
q-RxLevMin: the minimum required Rx level in the cell
Cell reselection priority: the absolute frequency priority for E-UTRAN or UTRAN or GERAN or CDMA2000 HRPD or CDMA2000 1xRTT
q-Hyst: the hysteresis value used for calculating the cell-ranking criteria for the serving cell, based on RSRP.
t-ReselectionEUTRA: the cell reselection timer value for EUTRA. t-ReselectionEUTRA and q-Hyst can be configured to trigger cell resele
5.
SIB4 contains the intra-frequency neighboring cell information for Intra-LTE intra-frequency cell reselection, such as neighbor cell list, b
6.
SIB5 contains the neighbor cell related information for Intra-LTE inter-frequency cell-reselection, such as neighbor cell list, carrier frequ
(Note that 3GPP states that LTE neighbor cell search is feasible without providing an explicit neighbor list. Since the UE can do blind detectio
In E-UTRAN, SIBs 6, 7, 8 carry information for IRAT cell reselection to UTRAN, GERAN, and CDMA2000 systems respectively. SIB 1
7.
SIB6 contains information for IRAT cell reselection to UTRAN, such as:
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8.
Security Level
SIB7 contains information for IRAT cell reselection to GERAN, such as:
In GSM/GERAN, system information from second quarter is modified in 3GPP Release 8 to include LTE-related cell-reselection paramete
9.
SIB8 contains information for IRAT cell reselection to eHRPD (evolved High Rate Packet Data, which is the 1xEV-DO Rev.A with th
Information for searching eHRPD: carrier frequencies, system time info for PN synchronization, and the search window size
Pre-registration info for eHRPD (optional): required or not. The pre-registration procedure intends to minimize the service interruption time
Cell reselection thresholds and parameters: ThreshX-high, ThreshX-low, T-reselectionCDMA2000, Speed dependent reselection paramet
Neighbor cell list for monitoring potential eHRPD target cells.
10. SIB9 contains a Home eNB name. The home eNB is the femto-cell in the context of LTE, a small base station used in residential are
11. SIB10 is for an ETWS (Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System) primary notification. ETWS is a public warning system. The pagin
12. SIB11 is for an ETWS secondary notification.
The transmission time and periodicity for the MIB and SIB1 are fixed by the specifications. A UE knows exactly when to listen for them. Th
The periodicity of MIB is 40 ms. A new MIB is sent every 40 ms when SFN mod 4 = 0 and within the 40 ms period, the same MIB is repea
SIB1 is sent with the periodicity of 80 ms when SFN mod 8=0 and is repeated when SFN mod 2 =0. In other words, a new SIB1 is sent ev
The periodicities of SIB2 and up are configurable, and can be set to 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 or 512 radio frames. These SIBs can be grou
In order to make sure the SIBs are received by the UE, an SI-window is defined to enable multiple transmissions of the SI message within
The following figure shows an example of the configuration of the periodicities of SIBs 2, 3, 6, and 7. Here, we use two SI messages, SI1
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CQI
Security Level
CQI (Channel Quality Indication) report is an important element of LTE and has significant impact on the system performance. There are two
The granularity of CQI report can be divided into three levels: wideband, UE selected subband, and higher layer configured subband. The wid
If closed loop MIMO is used, PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator) and RI (Rank Indication) are also reported. PMI indicates the codebook (pre-ag
There are seven transmission modes in LTE, each one is corresponding to certain multiple antenna techniques. For each transmission mode
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ock (MIB) and a number of System Information Blocks (SIBs). The MIB is broadcast on the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), while SIBs are sent on the
e most essential information that is needed for the UE to acquire other information from the cell. It includes:
on. This information does not necessarily apply to all scenarios; please refer to 3GPP TS 36.304 for the details. The basic parameters include:
ection criterion for serving cell) is higher than s-IntraSearch, the UE may choose not to perform measurement in order to save battery life.
00 systems respectively. SIB 1 and SIB 3 also carry IRAT related information.
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hich is the 1xEV-DO Rev.A with the support of connectivity to Evolved Packet Core of LTE), such as:
public warning system. The paging procedure is used to inform the ETWS capable UEs in RRC idle and RRC connected modes to listen to SIB10 and SIB1
xactly when to listen for them. The transmission time and periodicities of other SIBs are configurable and scheduled by SIB1.
ms period, the same MIB is repeated every 10 ms (SFN field in MIB does not change, although the actual SFN=4n, 4n+1, 4n+2, and 4n+3). MIB is always s
ther words, a new SIB1 is sent every 80 ms and within the 80 ms period, the same SIB1 is repeated every 20 ms. SIB1 is always sent in subframe 5.
frames. These SIBs can be grouped into a set of SI (System Information) messages which are transmitted with different periodicities. All of the SIBs contain
missions of the SI message within the window. The length of the SI-window can be set to 1, 2, 5 10, 15, 20 or 40 ms. Within an SI-window, only one SI mess
re, we use two SI messages, SI1 and SI2. SI1 contains SIB2 and SIB3 with a periodicity of 16 radio frames, while SI2 contains SIB6 and SIB7 with a period
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subband.
tem performance. There are two types of CQI report in LTE: periodic and aperiodic. The periodic CQI report is carried by PUCCH. But if the UE needs to se
ayer configured subband. The wideband report provides one CQI value for the entire downlink system bandwidth. The UE selected subband CQI report div
MI indicates the codebook (pre-agreed parameters) the eNB should use for data transmission over multiple antennas based on the evaluation of received re
ues. For each transmission mode, certain combination of CQI report is defined in the specs, based on periodic/aperiodic, wideband/UE selected subband/h
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PBCH), while SIBs are sent on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) through Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages. SIB1 is carried by "Sys
parameters include:
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RPD system when the UE is still connected with the E-UTRAN. When the UE is connected to eHRPD, it may also pre-register with E-UTRAN. The pre-regis
ell reselection parameters properly.
4n+2, and 4n+3). MIB is always sent in subframe 0. Note that the SFN field in the MIB records only the most significant 8 bits of the actual SFN; the remain
eriodicities. All of the SIBs contained within a single SI message should have the same periodicity.
n an SI-window, only one SI message can be sent, and may be repeated multiple times. When a UE tries to acquire an SI message, it listens from the starti
ains SIB6 and SIB7 with a periodicity of 64 radio frames. Assume that the SI-window length is 10 ms (1 radio frame).
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UCCH. But if the UE needs to send UL data in the same subframe as the scheduled periodic CQI report, the periodic CQI report will use the PUSCH, toget
selected subband CQI report divides the system bandwidth into multiple subbands, selects a set of preferred subbands (the best M subbands), then reports
d on the evaluation of received reference signal. RI indicates the number of transmission layers that the UE can distinguish. Spatial multiplexing can be sup
wideband/UE selected subband/higher layer configured subband, No PMI/single PMI/multiple PMI. Since RI changes slower than CQI/PMI, it is reported wit
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essages. SIB1 is carried by "SystemInformationBlockType 1" message. SIB2 and other SIBs are carried by "SystemInformation (SI)" message. An SI mess
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ster with E-UTRAN. The pre-registration may happen well ahead of the actual handover. The registration Zone ID is also given (eHRPD or 1xEV-DO Sessio
bits of the actual SFN; the remaining 2 bits are determined by which of the 4 repetitions the UE is looking at (00 for the first copy, 01 for the second, and so o
message, it listens from the starting of the SI-window until the SI message is received.
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report will use the PUSCH, together with UL data transmission. This is because a UE can't transmit on both PUCCH and PUSCH simultaneously. In this ca
e best M subbands), then reports one CQI value for the wideband and one differential CQI value for the set (assume transmission only over the selected M
h. Spatial multiplexing can be supported only when RI>1. For spatial multiplexing, CQI is reported based on per codeword. The maximum number of codew
r than CQI/PMI, it is reported with a longer interval on periodic report. It is reported together with CQI/PMI on aperiodic report since the resource on PUSCH
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ven (eHRPD or 1xEV-DO Sessions belong to an RNC and hence apply to certain zones).
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PUSCH simultaneously. In this case, the periodic PUCCH resource will be idle. Since periodic CQI report brings in the "always on" signaling overhead, the r
mission only over the selected M subbands). The higher layer configured subband report provides the highest granularity. It divides the entire system bandw
The maximum number of codeword in LTE is two.
port since the resource on PUSCH is less limited.
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ays on" signaling overhead, the report granularity is relatively rough. In order to get more detail CQI report, the eNB can trigger aperiodic CQI report when n
It divides the entire system bandwidth into multiple subbands, then reports one wideband CQI value and multiple differential CQI values, one for each subb
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gger aperiodic CQI report when needed. The aperiodic CQI report is transmitted on PUSCH, together with UL data or alone.
al CQI values, one for each subband.
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MLB= Mobility Load Balance (Only for inter freq or IRAT) nor for Itra Freq
Trigering Factor ( PRB Utiliation & Number of UE's)
Air Interface Load = PRB Usage & Number of UE's in synchronized state
Hardware Load = CPU & DSP
Transport Network Layer Load = S1 Bandwidth usage
MRO
SON
MRO collects handover performance statistics for different scenarios, identifies abnormal handover scenarios, and optimizes
handover-related parameter settings. MRO helps to reduce the number of abnormal radio link failures (RLFs) caused by prem
and delayed handovers, handovers to wrong cells, or ping-pong handovers to achieve better resource utilization and improve
experience
the triggering quantity and reporting quantity used in handover measurements for MRO are based on reference signal received
1)- Handover scenario identification
2)- Handover scenario handling
3)- Result monitoring