CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1

RESEARCH DESIGN

3.2

RESEARCH PROCEDURE
(1) Gathered data from any kind of resources such as internet and books available in the
library to conduct this research study.
(2) Prepared all the budget, apparatus/materials and facilities needed.
(3) Sent a letter of permission to Prof. Conrado L. Pioquinto (noted by our adviser Engr.
Audrey B. Aba, Program Head Engr. Jerry S. Porras, VPAA Dr. Dolores S. Daguino
and Dean Engr. Danilo C. Galindo) for the entry of our delivery of Cement, sand,
gravels and PVC pipes. Then, bought the said materials afterwards.
(4) Conducted laboratory procedures of the first two objectives which are to determine
the individual properties (such as Grading, Specific Gravity & Absorption, Bulk
Density, Surface Texture, Fineness and Moisture Content) of the cement, sand and
gravels (river-source & crushed stone).

The following laboratory procedures were based on ASTM:

4.1 Sieve Analysis of River source stone & Crushed stone:

Table 1.1 Grading Requirements for Coarse Aggregates (ASTM 33/ AASHTO M80)

4.2 Specific Gravity & Absorption of River source stone & Crushed stone:
Materials:

Bucket, wire basket, medium-sized pan, oven, aggregates, spring

balance and a weighing scale.

Procedure:

Take a 5 kilogram sample of the aggregate and note as the initial weight.
Place the sample in the wire basket then soak in water, repeat in several times
until the aggregates surface is free of foreign objects, then, weigh using the
spring balance while it is completely submerged in water. The weight

observed minus the weight of the wire basket is noted as the buoyant weight.
After weighing, leave the sample soaked in the water for 3 days.
Take the sample off the water then wipe its surface dry. Weigh and jot down as

the saturated surface-dry condition.

Place the sample in the oven for 2 hours.
After oven-drying, let it cool before weighing as the oven-dry condition of the

sample.
4.3 Mass Density River source stone & Crushed stone:
Materials: Tamping rod, cylindrical container, ruler, weighing scale and sample
coarse aggregates.
Procedure:

Fill the cylindrical container with the coarse aggregates.

Note: when placing the sample in the container, use the tamping rod to
allow the sample fill the voids.
Then, measure the inner diameter and the height of the container. Compute for

volume of the noted measurements.

Weigh the sample.

4.4 Moisture Content of River source stone & Crushed stone:

4.5 Sieve Analysis of Sand:

Table 1.2 Fine Aggregates Grading Limits (ASTM C33/ AASHTO M 6)

4.6 Specific Gravity & Absorption of Sand:

Materials: Weighing balance, oven, Erlenmeyer flask, graduated cylinder, enamel
tray, pan, air tight container, glass rod, filter paper, funnel, water, 500g of sand and
observation sheet.
Procedure:
Weigh the pan first and put a 500g of sand then weigh again and noted as W1.
Place the 500g of sand in the Erlenmeyer flask, fill it partially with clean

water & entrapped air be eliminated by stirring it with the glass rod.
Then completely fill it with clean water, cover it and shake the container up &

down direction.
Weigh the filled container and note it as W2.
Empty the container & place the water in the enamel tray. Wash and clean the
flask and refill it with clean water up to same level. Weigh the refilled flask

and note as W3.

Water in the enamel tray is separated by placing it in the beaker. Water place
in the beaker being filtered in the graduated cylinder and wait until the sand

totally separated in the water.

Joined the accumulated sand in the sand in the enamel tray and oven it good

for 1 hour.
After 1 hour, removed the tray and the sand being cooled in the air tight
container, weigh it and noted as W4.

4.7 Fineness of Cement:

Materials: Sieve No. 200, pan cover, pan, cement, and digital weighing scale.
Procedure:
Take a 64 gram sample of the cement.
Using the Sieve No. 200, sieve the cement sample for 2 minutes.
Weigh the residue on the Sieve No. 200.
4.8 Specific gravity of Cement:
Materials: Volumetric flask 100ml capacity with stopper, cement about 50g, glass
rod, weighing balance and 1liter of kerosene.
Procedure:
Weigh a clean and dry volumetric flask with its stopper and note as W1.
Place a sample of cement up to half of the flask (50g)and weigh with its

stopper and noted as W2.

Add kerosene to cement in flask till it is about half full. Mix thoroughly with
glass rod to remove the entrapped air. Continue stirring and add more
kerosene till it is flush with the graduated mark. Dry the outside and weigh

W3.
Entrapped air may be removed by vacuum pump, if available. Empty the
flask, clean it, refill with clean kerosene flush with the graduated mark, wipe
dry outside and weigh W4.

(5) Computed the design mixture of our samplings based on *____ mix design.
(6) Conducted vertical compressive strength test using DPWH-ARMM compressive
strength testing machine at Simuay, North Cotabato. For 7th, 14th and 28th day of
concrete having aggregates of river source stone from Simuay and crushed stone from
Libungan. Each has 9 samplings 3 for 7th day, 3 for 14th day and 3 for 28th day.
(7) Recorded and analyzed the accumulated data from the tested samplings.
(8) Interpreted the results, made findings from the result, came up with conclusions and
lastly made some recommendations.

3.3

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

3.4

GANTT CHART

3.5

BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS

3.6

TASKING