Evaluation of Anti-Microbial activity of Palladhagi

legium
Ravathi, Tamizharasan, Aruljothi
1.Department of pharmacology sivaraj siddha medical college Salem.
2. Department III rd year BSMS sivaraj siddha medical college Salem.
3. Department of Siruppu maruthuvam sivaraj siddha medical college Salem.

ABSTRACT:To acesses the efficacly of antimicrobial activity of pallathagi legium. The antibacterial and
antifungal activity of palladhagi legium was carried out by agar well diffusion method. The
result shows a significant inhibition for Pseudomonos Sps,Staphylococcus aureus ,
KEYWORDS:
Semicarpus anacardium, anti microbial agar well diffusion method

INTRODUCTION:The knowledge of herbal medicies now a days spreads world wide. A vaiety of preparations
with herbs either in single form or compound form, purifed forms are used to treat diseases
challanging against moderm aspect.
Semicarpus anacardium (family: Anacardiaceae) is distributed in sub- Himalayan region,
tropical of gentral part of india. Its common name is marking nut, vernacular Bhilwa. It is a
well known plant in siddha& Ayuevedha system of medicine [1 ]

Botanical description:Semicarpus anacardium

Taxonomical classification:
Kigdom- Plantae
Sub kingdom Tracheobionta
Super division- spermatophyta
Division Magnoliophyta
Class - Magnoliopsida.
Sub class- Rosidae.
Order Sapindales.
Family Anacardiaceae
Genus Seme carpus.
Species Anacardium [2]
Parts used : nuts

Actions : Alterative, caustic.

Properties:
It has the property to cure piles, vaatha and skin disease.
Phyto Chemical:
Anacardic acid, cardol, catechol, anacardol, Semecarpal, bhilwanol.[4]
Uses:
This is very useful in piles. A compound of sesamum seeds, chebulic myrabolans,
anacardium fruits, equal parts bruised made into a paste and are used in piles and anaemia.
[5]
Terminalia chebula.
Taxonomical classification:
Kingdom planted
Order myrtoles
Family combrataceae
Genus Terminalia
Species T. Chelula.[6]
Parts used: Tender fruit.
Actions : Gentle laxative, astringent & alterative.[3]
Properties: It has the property to cure constipation, inflammations and piles.[7]
Uses
The tender fruit of Terminalia when given with castor oil will cure constipation and irritation
around the anus.[8]
Phyto Chemicals:
Chebulenic acid, tannic acid (20-40%) gallicacid, nature anthraquinone.[9]
Sesamum indicum.
Taxonomical classification
Kigdom plantae
Order lamiales
Family pedaliacace
Genes sesamum
Species S. indicum[10]
Part used: seeds
Action : Emmenagogue,stimulant,diruretic, tonic, laxative.[3]
Properties:
It has the property to cure piles and relieve constipation[3]
Phyto Chemicals
Aflavonoid, glucoside, pedalin.[9]

Uses:
These seeds are used for piles in the form of decoction and it also has demulcent action.[4]
Saccharum officinarum
Taxonomical classification:Kingdom plantae
Order poales
Family poaceae.
Sub family panicoideae
Genes - Saccharum
Species S. officinarum[11]
Parts uses: Stem-sugar
Action : Demulcent and antiseptic.[3]
Since sugar has demulcent action it is used to reduce the heat which is predominant in piles.
[5]

2.Materials and methods :2.1.Collection of materials

Semicarpus anacardium.

Terminalia chebula.

Sesamum indicum.

Saccharum officinarum.

Semecarpus anacardium nuts were collected from the foot hills of yercaurd and the
remaining raw drugs were collected from the familial raw drugs store in Salem district. The
above drugs were authenticated and deposited in herbarium in Sivaraj Siddha medical
college salem
Purification of preparation Ingredients
The following drugs are purified according to standard siddha text literature
Purification of semecarpus anacardium
Purification of Terminalia chebula
Purification of Sesum indicum
Purification of Sugar
All the above Ingredients were powdered separately and finely it is made in to the form of a
bolus [12]
Microbiological study of the trial medicine palladhagi Legium

Preparation of Extract.

To 5 grams of palladhagi Legium, 50ml of water was added and lept in a boiling water bath
for 20minutes and then filtered. The extract of the drug was tested with the following micro
organisms.

Gram Positive organisms

Gram Negative Organisms

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Streptococci pyogens.
Staphylococci aureus
Staphylococci albus
Candida albicans

Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi
Shigella flexneri
Proteus vulgaris
Chromobacterium violaceum
Xanthomonas maltophilia

Procedure : Agar well method (Cup plate method

Anti Baterial Screening:The drug palladhagi legium extract (500, 1000 sl/disc in concentration)
Was tested for anti microbial activity using agar disc diffusion assay according to the method
of Bauer et al. 1996, the strains of micro organisms obtained were inoculated in conical flask
containing 100ml fo nutrient broth. These conical flasks were incubated at 37 C for 24
hours and were referred to as seeded broth. Media were prepared using Mullar Hinton agar
(Himedia, Mumbai, India) Poured on petri dishes and inoculated with the test organisms from
the seeded broth using cotton swabs. Sterile discs of 6 millimeter width had been
impregnated with 20ml of test extract and introduced into the upper layer of the seeded
agar plate. The plates were incubated over night at 37 C anti bacterial and anti fungal
activity was assigned by measuring the inhibition zone formed around the discs. Imipenium
(10 sl/disc) are used as a standard drug for anti bacterial screening

Funngal Screening:Ketoconozole (10 g/disc) is used as a standard drug for anti fungal screening
Sabouauds dextrose agar medium was prepared. 100 l of candida albicans was gently
spread on the medium plate.
Well was made using well cutter.
100ml of samples were loaded (Alcoholic extract)
Incubated at 37C for 48 hours.
Zone of inhibition was measured using Himedia zone of inhibition scale results.

Anti _ Bacterial:-

The trial drugs palladhagi legium shows high sensivity to Wschrichia coli, Salmonella
typhi, Shigella flexneri, Xanthomonas Maltophilia, Staphlococci aureus, Staphylococci albus
and shows moderate sensitivity to proteus vulgaris, Chromocacterium violaceum,
Streprococci pyogens when compared to imipenium at 10 g dose.

Zone of inhibition(mm)
Palladhagi Legium
500l
1000l

Organism Used
Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi
Shigella flexneri
Xanthomonas maltophilia
Proteus vulgeris
Chromobacterium violaecum
Streptococci pyogens
Staphylococci aureus
Staphylococci albus
Escherichia coli

18
18

19
18

20

20

18
17
16
16
18
18

19
17
16
18
19
19

Salmonella typhi

Shigella

flexneri

Xanthomonas maltophilia
violaecum

Proteus vulgeris

Chromobacterium

Staphylococci aureus

Staphylococci albus

Anti fungal:The trial drugs palladhagi legium shows hith sensivity to Candida albicans when copared
to Ketoconozole at 10g dose. So the trial drugs have good antimicrobial activity.
Note palladhaghi legium low dose, dose, palladhaghi legium high dose given in figure.

Organism

Zone of inhibition(mm)
Palladhagi Legium
500 l
1000 l

Standard
(Ketoconozol

Control

e)

Used

10 g
Candida

20

20

16

albicans
Candida albicans

Conclusion and discussions:

From the above study, it is revealed that the antimicrobial activity of palladhagi lehgium
showed significant activity of both bacteria and fungi. From this conclusion we can get a
new lead to proceed further activities.

Examples:

Reference to a journal:
1. PMC Pharmaco jn0-Rev 2010 Jan. A review mono semalty, Ajay Semalty .. and M.S.M.
Rawat.
2. Patel, Sanjay R. Invitro cytotoxicity activity of Semecarpus anacardium Extract against Hep 2
cell line and renal cell line. International journal of Pharma Tech Research. Spinx. Retrieved
18 June 2013.
3. Gunapadam I mooligai vagupppu.
4. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants.
5. Indian Materia MedicaIerenstein, M; Potter, J. (1945).
6. The distribution of Myrobalanitansun. The Biochemical journal 39(5): 390-392
PMID 21020785
7. Indian Medicinal Plant
8. Pathaartha Guna chinthamani
9. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants.
10. Raghu Ram, David Catlin, Juan Romero, and Craig Cowley (1990)
11. Sesame: New approaches for crop improvement Purdue university.
12. Sarabeenthera vaithiya Muraigal, Soolai, Moolam.