Winnie The Poh On The Managment

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WINNIE-THE-POOH
ON MANAGEMENT
Winnie-the-Pooh
on Management
In which a
Very Important Bear
and
his friends
are introduced to a
Very Important Subject
Roger
E.
Allen
A DUTTON BOOK
DUTTON
Published by the Penguin Group
Penguin Books
USA Inc.,
Penguin Books
375 Hudson Street,
New
York,
27 Wrights Lane, London
Ltd.,
New
W8
York 10014, U.S.A.
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Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2
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Penguin Books Ltd, Registered

First
Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England
Offices:
published by Dutton, an imprint of Dutton Signet,
Books
a division of Penguin
Grateful acknowledgment
USA Inc.
Canada by McClelland
Distributed in
made
is
to
The
&. Stewart Inc.
Pooh
Trustees of the
Properties for the
use of illustrations by E. H. Shepard and quoted material by A. A. Milne.
Individual copyrights for text quotations and illustrations: Winnie-the-Pooh, copyright
1926 by
E. P.
Dutton
& Co.,
Inc.;
copyright renewal 1954 by A. A. Milne.
The House At Pooh Comer, copyright 1928 by
E. P.
Dutton
& Co.,
Inc.;
copyright
renewal 1956 by A. A. Milne.

First Printing,
10
.^
Roger E. Allen,
SAll
Copyright
November, 1994
6
1994
rights reserved
REGISTERED TRADEMARK
MARCA REGISTRADA
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA:
Allen, Roger E.
Winnie-the-Pooh on management
in
which a very important bear and

/ Roger E. Allen,
his friends are introduced to a very important subject

p.
cm.
ISBN 0-525-93898-2
1.
Management.
HD31.A4163
I.
Title.
1994
658dc20
94-29856
GIF
Printed in the United States of America
Without limiting the

tion
may be
ted, in
rights
under copyright reserved above, no part of
this publica-
reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmit-
any form, or by any means {electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,

owner and
or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright
the above publisher o{ this book.
This book
Marilyn:
is
dedicated
my friend, my wife, my
Our
to:
love,
my
life.
three sons and their families:
Matt and Scottie

Stephen, his wife. Stasia, Christopher and Thomas
Jeffrey, his wife, Shirley, and Bryce
Mark, his
wife, Jody,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
book
name
my
this
a collaborative effort,
is
stands alone
on the
title
even
page.
appreciation and thanks to those
book
if
the author's
want
to express
who helped make
possible.
Winnie-the-Pooh, a Very Important Bear

Steve Allen
Stasia Allen
Marilyn G. Allen
Mark
Jeff
Allen
E.
Allen
Esther
J.
introduced
The
Allen:
me
to
staff of
my
mother,
who
told
me
stories
and
my
edi-
Edward Bear
Dutton, including:
Rachel Klayman and Matthew Carnicelli,

tors; Julie Park,
And, of
Joan Powers, Lisa Johnson, and others.

A. A. Milne, creator of children's
course,
classics.
And
all
the managers, good and bad, with
have worked.
learned from every one of you.
whom
CONTENTS
Introduction
xi
which Winnie- the-Pooh Learns About Management and What Makes Someone a
Manager
i
In
11.
In
which Pooh Visits Owl in the Hundred Acre

Wood, Has Management Theories Explained, and
Fears
He
Is
a Bear of
No
Brain at All
21
which The Stranger, Pooh, and Rabbit Talk

About the "Hows" of Setting Objectives and Organizing and Pooh Forgets to Sing His Manager
Song
37
III.
In
IV.
In
which
Piglet,
Pooh, and Tigger Communicate
After a Fashion, Learn the Rules, and Pooh
Very Forgetful Bear
61
Is
Contents
V.
which Pooh Finally Sings His Manager Song,

Eeyore Wanders By, an Expotition Is Remem-
In
bered, and Motivation, Delegation, and Leader-
ship
VL
In
Are Explored
83
We Talk About Measuring Ents, a WooTracked to Its Lair and Defined, and Pooh
which
zle Is
Gets to
Know How Much Honey He Has
which Pooh, Owl, and The Stranger Discuss

the Others in the Forest to Learn About Develop119
ing People and Tigger Is UnBounced
VIL
In
VIII.
In
which Pooh and The Stranger Talk About
Horrible Heffalump Trap for Managers and
They Can Do
IX.
03
In
to
Avoid
Falling into
which The Stranger Comes
It
the
What
35
to the Forest for
the Last Time, a Party Is Held, Pooh Becomes a

Very Important Bear, and an Enchanted Place Is
Visited
147
X.
In
which The Stranger Thinks About
Forest,
Visiting the
What Was Found There, and What Was
Brought Back
159
INTRODUCTION
.
Christopher Robin said:
"What do you
like
doing best in the world, Pooh?"
'Well," said Pooh, ''what
had
to stop
and
think.
a very good thing

began
to eat
it
like
best" and then he
to do, there
was a moment just
before
you
which was better than when you were but he

,
didnt know what
If
Because although Eating Honey was
it
was
called.
you were reading a good book, that moment might be
called
an "Introduction."
Ideally,
it
should raise your
what the book is about, how it

came to be written, and why you should read it.
All about us we can see failures of management: unanticipation, tell you
repaired potholes, high school graduates
who
can't read
or write, cars that need to be recalled, wasted tax dollars,
unsafe streets and neighborhoods.
and increases
daily.
My management experience
less
list is
long
Why is this?
public sector has convinced
spend
The
me
in
both the private and
that managers need to
time and attention on sophisticated ap-
proaches to management and devote more time to improving and practicing the six functions of a manager's
job.
They need
to get
back to
basics.
Introduction
xii
That is what this book is about the six functions

manager should master, and how every manager
can do so.
The book is also about A. A. Milne's world of
Winnie-the-Pooh. At first it might seem odd to comthat a
bine a children's classic with management.
pose of doing so
is
The
pur-
to explore the six functions in
an
unfamiliar context, which will allow us to think about
them
in a
new way and make
the basics of a manager's
job clear and understandable.

If this is
to be done,
would be "REQIRD"
one or more
(as
visits to
that world
Owl's door knocker's notice
read) to refresh memories of Pooh's adventures and to
what we can learn from them.

It has been a long time since I visited the Forest
where Pooh and his friends live. I would be a stranger
there to be sure, but I am certain that Pooh will help,
being That Kind of Bear.
If you are a manager, there may be some reminders
in this book about things you know but haven't thought
about recently and some skills that could stand a little
honing and polishing.
If you'd like to be a manager but aren't, this is a
see
good place
If
to start.
you aren't a manager, the
skills
of a manager
can help you manage your own day-to-day
activities
better.
If
you're a significant other, child, spouse, or friend
Introduction
xiii
of a manager, this book can help you to understand the
Very Important Job a manager does.
on
and see
what adventures await. Don't worry about finding it.
After all, A. A. Milne said in his introduction to The
House At Pooh Corner "... the Forest will always be
there
and anybody who is Friendly with Bears can
So, follow along
find
it."
Come.
...
tiptoe to the Forest
which Winnie-the-Pooh Learns

About Management and What Makes
Someone a Manager
In
That morning Pooh had been looking in the Forest for a

bee-tree that might possibly contain honey, when he
came up behind a stranger standing still and looking as
if he might be lost.
Pooh had had some experience in being lost the
time they had tried to unBounce Tigger. He knew how
offputting it could be when you've missed your way
somehow, so he spoke up nicely.
"Hallo," he said in his best I-know-where-I-am
voice, just to be reassuring. "I'm Edward Bear. Can I
help you?"
The
Stranger turned around, stopped looking
lost,
and looked pleased. "Good morning. Pooh.

ing to find you so that you could.
"How
could
"Well."
The
I was hopHelp me, that is."
help you?" asked Pooh.
Stranger put
down
the picnic basket he
Roger E. Allen
had been holding. "I'm writing a book, and it seemed to

me that if you let me write about some of the adventures
you and your friends have had,
book.
It's
it
would be a better
book about management."
"Man-age-ment," said Edward Bear in the some-
what puzzled tone he used when he was thinking,

Eeyore might say, "Trying to think."
"Yes.
Management."
"That
is
a very long word."
kind of long word that

thing good, like ah
Owl
some people
Pooh
uses.
reflected. "It
Does
it
is
the
stand for some-
ummm honey?"
"Well, not exactly.
It
stands for something that
called managers do.
Management
is
nei-
You can have either good

bad management, depending on how managers do
ther good nor bad.

or
or, as
It
just
is.
their job."
"That seems very confusing. Almost everyone
know
thinks that honey
is
good always."
we are not talking about honey."

"I am." Pooh rubbed his tummy. "In fact, I was
for some but I found you instead."
"Yes. Well,
ing
"We
are talking about
"I'd rather talk

I
thought
down
management."
about honey. Before you came along,
heard a buzzing-noise.
to the old
look-
Why
hollow tree and see
came from some bees
"We can go down
if
we walk
the buzzing-noise
that just might be
there later, but
don't
making honey?"
first
want
to talk
Winnie-the-Pooh on Management
about management because
ject
and
Pooh
it's
think you can help me,
Very Important Subif
you
will."
cast a lingering look in the direction of the
bees that were making the buzzing-noise and then

brightened. "If
you with
it,
it's
then
Very Important Subject, and
might have a chance to become a
help
Very Important Bear."

"That's quite possible. Shall
about
we
sit
down and
talk
it?"
some honey, but I suppose,

that if I want to become a V.I.B., I shall have to." Pooh
carefully selected a comfortable -looking stone that had
an unobstructed view of the old hollow bee-tree and sat
down. "We can talk and at the same time keep an eye
on the tree just in case anyone else heard a buzzingnoise and decided to come to see if it came from some
bees that might be making honey."
"All right. Now, the reason that management is a
Very Important Subject is that if we didn't have management, most important things wouldn't get done, or if
they did, they wouldn't get done very well."
"Like going to visit Rabbit and his not having remembered to stock his larder with a pot of honey to put
on the bread that he should serve to guests who just
happen to drop by and might like to have a mouthful of
"Bother!
I'd really like
something?"
"Exactly.
Pooh
sat
That and many other important things."

up straight, taking more of an interest in
"
"
Roger E. Allen
the subject of management. "So
management
people who manage
manage learn how do
why
don't people
who
"
"
to
it
properly?"
"That's the problem. Just about everybody agrees
on
what management is. The art and science of directing

effort and resources so that the established objectives of
an enterprise may be attained in accordance with accepted policies' is one definition. It is the 'How' that
nobody is quite sure about."
^^^^
Pooh nodded, assuming

difficult,"
he
most always
said. "If
says,
his wise-bear look. ''How
you ask Eeyore
how he
is,
is
he ah
'Not very how.' Everyone has trouble
remember once when I heard a buzzingnoise from the top of a tree and decided that there
might be honey there. I also decided that I would like to
eat a little honey. It was the 'How' to get the honey that
with 'How.'
was troublesome."
"Well,
it
is
the same thing with management.
It
seems that almost everyone has a theory about good
Winnie- the-Pooh on Management
management and how
it
can be achieved. There are
and stacks of books on the subject. There

X and Theory Y and I think even
stacks
are books on Theory
on Theory
Z.
agement by
Abraham Maslow; The
There
are books called Eupsychian

Practice of
Man-
Manage-
ment by Peter Drucker; Creative Management by Shigeru

Kobayashi; In Search of Excellence by
Thomas
J.
Peters
and Robert H. Waterman Jr.; The One-Minute Manager

by Kenneth Blanchard and Spencer Johnson; and on
and on and on. They are good books, but

"
but they sound very complicated,"
"That
why
is
years or so,
came
think that
to you.
fads.
the latest
would improve
"I
dis-
and by manage-
They have paid too much attention to trying

management theory and not enough atten-
tion to the real basics of managing.
centrating
past twenty
many managers have been
tracted by the theories in these books
ment
said Pooh.
Over the
think that most
their performance tremendously
on these
think that
basics of a manager's job.
many
of your adventures illustrate
those basic functions of a manager that,

consistently
by con-
if
practiced
and properly, would help any manager do a
really excellent job."
"They would?" Pooh sounded
They would," he
surprised.
"Oh,
said in a barely certain kind of voice.
"For instance, the adventure you mentioned
you
tried to get
yes.
honey
could be used
of the six basic functions in the
as a
when
good example
work of a manager. Those
Roger E. Allen
common to all managers and what
are the things that are
makes them managers rather than something
else."
saya
"You mean a manager instead of
Pooh
bee?"
stared off in the direction of a tree. "I thought
heard a buzzing-sound
The
just then."
Stranger listened carefully.
on the
the village
far side of
"I
think someone in
the Forest
is
running a stick
along a picket fence."
"Oh.
thought
"No.
think
"I see."
tention,
it
Then
Pooh
it
might have been a bee."
just
sounded
show
to
asked,
like a bee."
that he
"What
had been paying
at-
are the six functions of a
manager's job?"
"Let's use your adventure of getting the
identify them," suggested
The
picnic basket, took out a
little
Stranger.
honey
He opened
to
the
morning snack of some-
thing that he kindly gave to Pooh, and then took out a
book, which he leafed through until he found the place
he wanted.
began to
"I
believe
it
went
like this."
The
Stranger
read.
One
day
open place
when he was
in the
out walking, he
middle o{ the
forest,
and
came
in the
to
an
middle
of this place was a large oak-tree, and, from the top of
the tree, there
came
a loud buzzing-noise.
Winnie-the-Pooh
put his
head between
First of all
sat
his
down
at the foot of the tree,
paws and began to think.
he said to himself: "That buzzing-noise
means something. You don't get a buzzing-noise like

that, just buzzing and buzzing, without its meaning something. If there's a buzzing-noise, somebody's making a
buzzing-noise, and the only reason for making a buzzingI know of is because you're a bee."
Then he thought another long time, and said:
"And the only reason for being a bee that I know
noise that
of
making honey."
Arid then he got up, and said: "And the only reason
for making honey is so as I can eat it." So he began to
is
climb the
tree.
Then
he climbed a little further

and a little
further
and then just a little further.
He was getting rather tired by this time, so that is
why he sang a Complaining Song. He was nearly there
now, and if he just stood on that branch
.
as
Crack! ...
"It all
bye to the
comes,
last
suppose," he decided, as he said good-
branch, spun round three times, and flew
gracefully into a gorse-bush, "it all
so
He
les
comes of
liking
honey
much. Oh, help!"

crawled out of the gorse-bush, brushed the prick-
from his nose, and began to think again.
And
person he thought of was Christopher Robin.
So Winnie-the-Pooh went round

Christopher Robin,
who
to
the
first
his
friend
lived behind a green door in an-
other part of the forest.
"Good morning, Christopher Robin," he
"Now, that
illustrates
should perform, which
is
the
first
said.
function a manager
Establishing Objectives," said
^f^%
Winnie -the -Pooh on Management
The
Stranger. "It
is
also the first thing she should
the operation she
is
managing."
Pooh looked
puzzled.
"Are managers always
do
for
'shes'?"
he asked.
"No,"
see,
The
Stranger answered.
pronouns are
difficult.
The
"Many
are hes.
You
convention of using the
male pronoun when referring to a situation that could

involve either
Therefore,
confusing and annoys some people.
is
when
I'm writing or talking,
sometimes use
the male pronoun and sometimes the female pronoun,

which is what I did here."
Pooh nodded, to show he understood, but he really
didn't. "If Christopher Robin were here, he would write
the
first
because
do
it,
function with a stick here in this patch of earth,

it
sounds like something to be remembered.
but he
is
"A good
idea.
I'll
do
it
as
picked up a stick and wrote in the dirt in big
The
Six
Work
1.
I'd
who can spell."

we talk." The Stranger
the only one in the Forest
Functions
of a
in
letters.
the
Manager
ESTABLISHING OBJECTIVES
"This was the
first
thing you did
when you
noticed the bee-tree. You decided that you wanted
Roger E. Allen
10
and how much of it you wanted."

"All of it," said Pooh wistfully.
"You then went to Christopher Robin whose help
was needed to attain the goal and meet the objective."
to get the honey,
The
Stranger continued to read:
wonder
"I
if
you've got such a thing as a balloon
about you?"
"A
balloon?"
"Yes,
myself coming along:
just said to
Christopher Robin has such a thing

him?'
just said
it
as a
'I
wonder
if
balloon about
to myself, thinking of balloons,
and
wondering."
"What do you want

was
a balloon for?"
you
said.
Winnie-the-Pooh looked round to see that nobody

listening, put his paw to his mouth, and said in a
deep whisper: "Honey!''

"But you don't get honey with balloons!"
"I
do," said Pooh.
11
Well, you both went out with the blue balloon, and
you took your gun with you, just in case, as you always
did, and Winnie-the-Pooh went to a very muddy place
that he knew of, and rolled and rolled until he was black
and then, when the balloon was blown up as big

and you and Pooh were both holding on to the
string, you let go suddenly, and Pooh Bear floated gracelevel with the
fully up into the sky, and stayed there
top of the tree and about twenty feet away from it.
all
over;
as big,
"That was very good, Pooh," said The Stranger.
"You effectively carried out the second function that a

good manager performs." Under the first function The
Stranger wrote:
2.
ORGANIZING
"You analyzed what had
to be
done
in order to reach
the objectives. You determined what resources you

would need, what jobs needed to be performed, and
who would be best suited to do the required work. You
made that assignment based on your evaluation of their
talents and abilities."
"Christopher Robin had a balloon and a gun just in

case something should go
"Exactly.
He was
wrong and they were needed."
best because Rabbit, or Piglet, or
Eeyore didn't have those things.
Once you had picked
Christopher Robin, you went on to the third function,
Roger E. Allen
12
which is Motivating." The Stranger wrote that down

number three.
3.
as
MOTIVATING
"What's moti
motivawhatever?" asked Pooh.
"Motivating. It means the reason why someone

would want to do something. If you, as a manager, want
someone
jective,
to
do a job or
to help
you accomplish an ob-
you must find a reason why he or she should
him
what it is."
Robin about the honey."
"Since you knew he liked honey, that gave him a
reason or a motive to help you get it. He knew that if he
helped, he would share it when you achieved your obhelp and
"I
tell
or her
told Christopher
jective.
You were motivating him
"Almost everybody
seems to
me
help me, even
there
that
Christopher Robin
if
likes
is
to help you."
Honey,"
said Pooh. "But
it
might be another reason.
always willing to do something to
there
is
no honey.
think
it's
because
I'm his favorite bear."
The Stranger complimented him. "Liksomeone else can be the strongest motivator of all.
That was very astute of you."
"That Kind of Bear!" thought Pooh, although he
"Excellent,"
ing
didn't say
it
out loud.
asked instead.
"What
is
the fourth function?" he
"Developing people.
certain to do
this,
Stranger wrote
4.
it
13
good manager must make
although
easy to neglect."
it is
The
down.
DEVELOPING PEOPLE
"That was what you were doing when you were be-
ing a cloud and you were coaching Christopher

in
how he
Robin
should act to make the bees think that you
were a cloud and not a bear hanging from a balloon.
You remember,
it
went
like this."
"Christopher Robin!"
"Yes?"
"Have you an umbrella

"I
think so."
"I
wish you would bring
down with
and look up
it,
and say Tut-tut,

that,
on
it
it
in your house?"
it
out here, and walk up and
at
me
every
looks like rain.'
now and
think,
would help the deception which we
if
then,
you did
are practising
these bees."
Well, you laughed to yourself, "Silly old Bear!" but
you didn't say
it
aloud because you were so fond of him,
and you went home

"Oh, there you
as
soon
as
for
your umbrella.
are!" called
you got back to the
get anxious.
down Winnie-the-Pooh,
tree. "I
was beginning to
have discovered that the bees are now
initely Suspicious."
def-
Roger E. Allen
14
"Shall
put
my
umbrella up?" you
"Yes, but wait a
moment.
said.
We must be practical. The
is the Queen Bee. Can you

Queen Bee from down there?"
important bee to deceive
which
is
the
see
"No."
"A
pity.
Well, now,
if
you walk up and down with
your umbrella, saying. Tut-tut,
do what I can by singing a

Gol"
cloud might sing.
.
it
little
would
rain,
How sweet
to be
this song:
a Cloud
Floating in the Blue!

little
Always
"How
cloud
sings aloud.
sweet
to be
a Cloud
Floating in the Blue!"

It
makes him very proud
To
shall
as a
down and wondered
Winnie-the-Pooh sang
Every
So, while you walked up and

it
looks like rain,'
Cloud Song, such
be a
little
cloud.
if
"You mean when he had put

was walking up and down, and
Tut,
tut, tut, it
"Exactly.
What
his umbrella
told
singing a
up and
him he should
say
looks like rain'?"
You were developing
more, you developed your
is
15
his acting ability.
own
'cloudness' by
Cloud Song."
little
Pooh nodded. "I thought it was one of my

Cloud Songs, but I'm not sure that the bees
"Yes."
better
thought
so."
"Well, improvement in performance usually comes

in stages. Perhaps next time they will think so.
Now
example of the
The
here
is
a great
fifth function."
Stranger read from the book.

"Christopher Robin!" he said in a loud whisper.
"Hallo!"
"I
think the bees suspect something!"
"What
"I
sort of thing?"
don't know. But something
tells
me
that they're
suspiciousV
"Perhaps they think that you're after their honey."

"It may be that. You never can tell with bees."
The bees were still buzzing as suspiciously as ever.
Some of them, indeed, left their nest and flew all round
.
the cloud as
one bee
sat
it
began the second verse of
down on
this song,
the nose of the cloud for a
and
moment,
and then got up again.

"Christopher
"Yes?"
ow!
Robin,"
called out the cloud.
Roger E.Allen
16
been thinking, and I have come to a very

important decision. These are the wrong sort of bees.''
"I
The
number
5.
have
just
Stranger wrote
down
COMMUNICATING
as
five.
COMMUNICATING
"Communicating is just telUng everyone who has

something to do with your project what is going on,"
The
said
you
tell
you act
Stranger.
"It's
something that happens when
them things, and also

and work with them."
it
has to do with the way
"Like telling Christopher Robin that the bees were

definitely suspicious."
and you were
"Yes,
said 'owl'
when
also
communicating when you
the bee stung the nose of the cloud."
"That wasn't meant to be communication,"
said
Pooh, remembering and rubbing the nose of the cloud.

"Nevertheless,
it
was effective and gave a member of
your team information about the true state of the situa-
which
what communication is supposed to do."

"That's nice to know. At the time it wasn't so nice."
"I can imagine. Now, the sixth thing that a manager
tion,
must do
is
is
to establish measures of
how
in terms of progress toward the objective
individual
is
doing
her performance,
things are, both
and
in
how each
in other words.

"That
ber,
is
you did
called
it
17
Measurement and Analysis. Remem-
this way":
"Christopher Robin, you must shoot the balloon
with your gun. Have you got your gun?"
"Of course
have," you said. "But
spoil the balloon,"
you
if I
do
that,
it
will
said.
"But if you dont,'' said Pooh, "I shall have to let go,
and that would spoil me."
When you put it like this, you saw how it was, and
you aimed very carefully at the balloon, and fired.
"Ou^/" said Pooh.
I miss?" you asked.
"You didn't exactly miss,'''
"Did
said
Pooh, "but you missed
the balloon.'"
"Pm
so sorry," you said,
and you
time you hit the balloon, and the
fired again,
air
and
came slowly
this
out,
and Winnie- the-Pooh floated down to the ground.
The
6.
Stranger wrote:
MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS

"This
is
possibly
one of the most important
because unless individuals
what they
know how
are doing correctly, they can't
performance.
Of course,
factors,
they are doing and
improve their
the results of your measurement
must be communicated to everyone on the team.
Roger E. Alien
18
"You were doing exactly

Christopher Robin that his
balloon.
And
when you
this,
Pooh,
first
shot had missed the
by telling him what his
first
told
shot hit, you
enabled him to correct his aim and improve his perfor-
mance with
his
"Fm
glad
second shot."
did that," said Pooh.
"I
think."
"Managers are always glad when someone on their

team improves their performance."
Pooh was not so certain that he would improve his
performance the next time he
honey from
tried to get
the bee-tree unless he did something very different.
climbed
down from
looking at the
list
his rock,
He
walked over, and stood
of the six functions in the
work of
manager to see if they gave him any ideas on how to get

the honey that he was almost certain was in the tree
where he could hear the buzzing-noise.
The
Six
Work
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Functions
of a
in
the
Manager
ESTABLISHING OBJECTIVES
ORGANIZING
MOTIVATING
DEVELOPING PEOPLE
COMMUNICATING
MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS
Except they didn't quite look
across them, so they looked
L
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
more
because in
like that
getting to where he could see them, he
19
had walked
like this:
ABLISH
OBJECTIVES
ORG ZING
MOTI
ING
DEVELOP
OPLE
COMMUNI ING
MEASUR ENT AND ANALYSIS
Pooh stood looking down
TNT'
"What's an
"It's
"Oh.
like
list
and scuffed out some of the
an 'ENT.' To
little
tell
about 'OPLE.'
thing that
said,
'MEASUREMENT.' You walked
didn't think
he
that a manager's supposed to measure?"
supposed to be
across the
for a while. Finally
we had
the truth,
Now
see.
letters."
talked about anything

I
was also wondering a
But there
is
one other
don't understand."
"What's that?"
Pooh pointed
It's
at the
the 'Hows' that
list.
"These
all
look like 'Whats.'
have trouble with."
"That's very true. However, before
on the 'Hows,' we
first
had
to
know what
were that the 'Hows' would apply

"I see," said
sounded
as
if
the 'Hows'?"
he
Pooh
we could work
the 'Whats'
to."
in a puzzled tone of voice that
really weren't sure. "Shall
we
start
on
Roger E.Allen
20
The
that
Stranger looked up at the sun.
it's
well past lunchtime.
"It
seems to
me
think we've talked
enough for one day. Shall we go down and see if that

really was a buzzing-noise made by bees making honey,
or would you rather go back to where I left a picnic hasket, which I happen to know has a large pot of honey
inside it?"
II
which Pooh Visits Owl in the
Hundred Acre Wood, Has Management
In
Theories Explained, and Fears
He
Is
a Bear of No Brain at All
Pooh was
as
puzzled. Actually,
he wasn't so much puzzled
he was confuzzled. Confuzzled was almost the longest
word that Pooh knew, and he hadn't known that until

Christopher Robin had explained that it meant sort of
mixed up and baffled.
Pooh had been feeling confuzzled ever since he had
talked to The Stranger about management. It had been
a Very Nice Conversation and Pooh had particularly
liked the way it ended with the very large pot of honey
that The Stranger had thoughtfully brought along in
the picnic basket.
Pooh had understood very well about what management was and about the six basic functions in the work
of a manager, particularly after The Stranger had mentioned that Pooh had scuffed out some of the letters
when he had walked around to look at the list The
Roger E. Allen
22
Stranger had written in the
dirt.
That
part
seemed
very simple and easy to understand, even for a Bear

of Very Little Brain.
Which was what was
confuzzling.
It all
seemed very
simple, except the
"How"
had
and stacks of books had been
said that stacks
perhaps, but
The
Stranger
writ-
management and had named

seemed simple, why had so many
ten about the theories of
some of them.
If it
books been written? Perhaps he. Pooh, didn't

derstand, after
It
really un-
all.
was a fine spring morning in the
forest as
he
started out. Little soft clouds played happily in a blue sky,
skipping from time to time in front o{ the sun as
had come
if
they
and then sliding away suddenly

so that the next might have his turn. Through them and
between them the sun shone bravely; and a copse which
had worn its firs all the year round seemed old and
dowdy now beside the new green lace which the beeches
had put on so prettily. Through copse and spinney
marched Bear; down open slopes of gorse and heather,
to put
it
out,
over rocky beds of streams, up steep banks of sandstone

into the heather again;
to the
Acre
and so
at last, tired
Hundred Acre Wood. For
Wood
"And
that
Owl
it
was
and hungry,
in the
Hundred
lived.
anyone knows anything about anything,"

said Bear to himself, "it's Owl who knows something
about something," he said, "or my name's not Winniethe-Pooh," he said. "Which it is," he added. "So there
you
are."
if
Roger E. Allen
24
Owl
lived at
The
Chestnuts, an old- world residence
o{ great charm, which was grander than anybody

or seemed so to Bear, because
bell-pull.
which
else's,
had both a knocker and a

Underneath the knocker there was a notice
it
said:
PLES RING
IF
Underneath the
AN RNSER
IS
REQIRD.
bell-pull there
was a notice which
said:
PLEZ CNOKE
IF
AN RNSR
IS
NOT
REQID.
These notices had been written by Christopher

Robin,
for
who was
the only one in the forest
who could spell;
in many ways, able to read

own name WOL, yet somehow
Owl, wise though he was
and write and
went
all
spell his
to pieces over delicate words like
MEASLES
and
BUTTERED TOAST.
Winnie-the-Pooh read the two notices very
fully, first
from
left to right,
and afterwards,
care-
in case
he
Then, to make
had missed some o{ it, from right to

quite sure, he knocked and pulled the knocker, and he
pulled and knocked the bell-rope, and he called out in a
left.
very loud voice, "Owl!

speaking."
And
require an answer!
the door opened, and
Owl
It's
Bear
looked out.
"Hallo, Pooh," he said. "How's things?"
"Confuzzled," said Pooh.
"And
help me. About management, that
thought you could
is."
25
"Well," said Owl. "That's a Very Serious Subject
and might take awhile. Could you

think
"I
stay for lunch?"
could stay that long," said Pooh, trying to
see over Owl's shoulder
if
his larder
was
"Nothing elaborate though.
as usual.
as well
Just a
stocked
mouthful of
condensed milk or whatnot, with perhaps a
honey
is
unless, of course,
you have a pot of honey that
somebody who
old and just might spoil soon unless
wanted
do a favor finished
to
would help
finish
Owl moved
me
it off,
lick of
that
it
case,
is."
out of the door.
put The Wall Street Journal
which
In
off.
"Come
in then. Just let
was reading to one side
and we can begin."
"With lunch,
that
my
hope," said Pooh. "By the way,
see
friend Eeyore has lost his tail again."
"Eh?"
Owl
looked out the door.
don't see Eeyore
"I
out there."
"I
meant the belhrope. The
was attached to
see
last
bell-rope.
"Oh,
visited here that time
found
one.
It
my
looks remarkably like the one
Someone unhooked
it
yes.
I'm rather fond of
lends a certain air of distinction to
saw
it
Eeyore
it."
Owl peered at the

why he would be.
ally, it
time
and took
it
it
can
myself.
It
entrance. Actu-
had
away
you were looking
Well,
previously.
just after
you
for Eeyore's tail.
on a bush, just like the last

must be that someone is manufacturing them
this
one
in the Forest
26
Roger E. Allen
and then being

est to
when
careless
they go through the For-
market."
"Oh," said Pooh.

"Yes. Well,
let's sit
"With lunch,"
could
hadn't thought of that."
"I
down and
said
Pooh
get started."
quickly.
with elevenses," he
start
said,
"Or perhaps we
glancing at the
clock ticking away on Owl's mantelpiece.
have a
ing,
something
little
and
it's
"Why,
at
"I
generally
eleven o'clock in the morn-
almost that now."
so
it
is,"
said
Owl.
"I
generally have some-
thing myself."
"And then we
could have lunch
After they had both had a
then had lunch.
Owl and Pooh
side of the fireplace.
It
later."
little
settled
something, and
down on
either
was getting blusterous outside,
but Owl's house was well constructed, and the
danced and crackled and threw
off a nice
warm
fire
glow.
Pooh felt that this was

management theory.
a very
"Well, Pooh/' said Owl.

"I
good place to learn about
"Where
anything about management theory
Owl
Brain, "what
instead
"I
we
shall
don't know," said Pooh. "Since
hastily, lest
27
start?"
don't
know
except," he
said
think he was a Bear of Very Little
somebody does that makes him a manager

a bee
of, say,
or something else."
wasn't asking you the question," said Owl.
"I
was
asking myself."
"I
you
thought you were asking me.
Pooh, where shall we
say, 'Well,
"That was
just a
say to Piglet, 'Isn't
distinctly
heard
"
start?'
manner of speaking, like when you

it a beautiful day?' You don't really
expect an answer because he can see
it
is
a beautiful
day."
"Oh," said Pooh.
"I see."
"Good," said Owl, relieved that that had been

cleared up.
"Now, where
shall
we
begin?"
Forgetting that
Owl was
probably asking himself
Pooh
said, "I've
always found that a good
the question,
place to begin
is
at the
beginning, because otherwise
things can get very confuzzled.

it's
how
If
you begin
at the end,
not very interesting, because you already

things ended before you begin, and
if
know
you begin
at
the middle, you can't go both ways at the same time,
and"
28
Roger E. Allen
"We
will,"
pronounced Owl
firmly, "begin at the be-
ginning."
"Good," said Pooh, and scrunched back in

to be in the proper listening position
and
his chair
to get
more
comfortable.
"One of the earliest records we have about management theory," continued Owl, "is in the eighteenth
chapter of Exodus in the Bible. Moses was the leader of
a tribe of people called the Israelites."
Owl
paused and peered at Pooh. "As you know,
desirable that a
show that he knew

until
Owl
said
that,
it is
Pooh nodded to
although he hadn't, really. Not
manager be
a leader."
it.
"Anyway, Moses was having trouble doing a good

job because he was trying to do everything. His fatherin-law, Jethro, seeing what was happening, told Moses
to pick out some good people and let them handle
some of the less important work. This would give
Moses more time to do the really important parts of his
job. Doing that is called 'Delegation,' and it is a very
Important and Necessary thing for a manager to do,
even today."
Pooh said "Del-e-ga-tion" to himself several times
so that he would remember to ask The Stranger about
where it fit into the six functions of a manager's job. It
sounded as if it just might be a "How."
He also made up a little Manager Song so he would
remember
to ask
The
Stranger about a leader.
29
The manager, manager,
A leader should be.
He hummed
That's
Most Important,
As we
oilcan see.
under his breath until
it
Owl
looked at
him and asked him if the lunch had not agreed with
him because he was making a strange sound.
Pooh said that he was fine and it was a very good
lunch, indeed. The sound was just a sound he made
when he was trying to remember something.
"Good," said Owl. "Now, the Exodus happened a
long time ago, but, ever since then, people have thought
about management and have been writing about
it."
"That's what The Stranger said. He said there were

books about Theory X and Theory Y and Theory Z and
lots of others that
And
forget right
now."
then Pooh had to stop and
tell
Owl
about
The
Stranger and what he had said. After he had finished.
Owl nodded
"I
things
wisely.
we can skip over

about management and
think
cent theories, like
a lot of the in-between

talk about the
more
re-
and Y."
"Good," said Pooh. He rather liked the idea of

Theory X because "X" was one of the letters that he
knew he could make. You just took two sticks that
were the same size and put one on top of the other so
that their middles touched.
"
Roger E.Allen
30
You had to be careful how you did it, because you

might get something that Christopher Robin said was a
PLUS
which meant something completely
sign,
differ-
ent from "X."
Pooh
also liked
"X" because
a lot of words that
Xciting,
Robin
it
meant good
was the
first letter
of
things, like Xcellent,
Xceptional (the kind of Bear Christopher
said that
he was), and Xtremely
delicious, like
honey.
Sometimes, when nobody was around. Pooh would
make an "X" when he found two

in the Forest, just to
"X and
Y,"
remind himself about "X."
Owl went
on, "were what Douglas
Gregor, in his book. The

called the
of the right-size sticks
Human
two basic choices
Mc-
Side of Enterprise,
managing the worker
for
and working.
"Theory
was the traditional approach, and
sumes that people are
lazy
and
it
as-
work only beworking, and have to
shiftless,
cause they have no choice, dislike
also assumes that people can't take respon-
be driven.
It
sibility for
themselves and their actions and have to be
looked
after.
"Theory Y, on the other hand
"Why
on the other hand?" interrupted Pooh.

"What! What?" asked Owl.
"Why is Theory Y on the other hand? I didn't know
that Theory X was on the first hand."
"Oh, I see," said Owl. "That is just a way of saying
is it

from'
distinguished
'as
thing
we were
This
was
difficult
first
talking about."
Pooh, ahhough he
"I see," said
didn't.
the
31
management theory
to understand
some-
times.
"As
was interrupted" Owl
Pooh "Theory Y assumes that peo-
was saying, before
peered sternly at
have a need to work and that they want to do
ple
things and take responsibility. They don't want somebody to take care of them. They want to do it themselves.
"As you can
The
opposite.
gor,
who
way
Pooh, the two theories are exactly
question
is,
which one
is
right?
McGre-
wrote the book, pretended to be impartial, but
there was
the
see,
little
question that he
felt
that Theory
was
manage work and workers."

Owl peered at Pooh. "Which one do you think
right?"
to
is
he asked.
Pooh thought about the two

sure he had them straight in
thought about
all
theories until he was

his
mind.
Then he
the things he and his friends had
done that needed managing. Then he thought about

all his friends and everyone he knew. Then he thought
about himself.
He
thought so long and so hard that he
finally
thought that he probably needed Strengthening, which
he
just
happened
to
mention
to
Owl.
32
Roger E. Allen
Owl
said
it
was almost teatime anyway, and
al-
though he didn't have any of Roo's Strengthening Medicine, perhaps a little more condensed milk and honey
on bread might
"That
serve the purpose.
possible," said Pooh.
is
"Anyway,
worth
it is
trying."
So they each had

little
something was a
thing. Still,
little
little
when he had
honey from the
plate.
something, although Pooh's
more than Owl's
little
licked off the last
Pooh
did
feel
some-
little bit
of
considerably
strengthened.
While Owl cleaned up the

fire,
because
was getting
it
dishes
chilly
and poked up the
and
late in the day,
Pooh thought some more.

Finally
he shook
Brain at All!
his head. "I fear
can't decide
am
which one
a Bear of No
is
right
and
which one is wrong. The theories are exactly the opif one is right, then the other must be wrong. It
seems to me that some, like Eeyore, would be happier
with Theory X and others, like Rabbit, would like
Theory Y better. As for myself, sometimes I need taking care of and sometimes I don't. If someone needed
taking care of, then Theory Y would not be at all Nice
posite;
for
them."
"Congratulations, Pooh," said Owl. "That
the conclusion that
is
Abraham H. Maslow came
book, Eupsychian Management. Peter Drucker,
exactly
to in his
who
is
recognized as an expert in management, concluded that
Winnie "the -Pooh on Management

the question
not which theory
is
manager must decide what
He
tion.
also said that a
neither Theory
new
nor Theory
is
right,
but that each
right for her
is
theory
Y seem
is
33
own
situa-
needed because
to
work very well
in all organizations.
"So you
All.
see,
You came
smart people
THAT
Pooh, you are not a Bear of No Brain
to the
who
sort of Bear!
better although
"Thank
same conclusion
are experts in
still
as did
some very
management."
thought Pooh, feeling
a little confuzzled.
He
now
because
it is
door. "It
is
at all,
Pooh," said
had
getting late, and
seems to be more blusterous outside than
"Any time
much
stood up.
you. Owl, for explaining things to me.
better be leaving
at
Owl
as
it
it
was."
he opened the
always a pleasure to discuss Very Serious
Subjects."
It
was very blusterous indeed, and besides he had a
feeling that
it
must be getting close to supper time, so
Pooh hurried toward home, jumping down the banks of

creeks and bending over to miss low-hanging branches
instead of going around.
when he saw
Old Grey Donkey, Eeyore,

standing in a thistly comer of the Forest, he thought
about the bell-pull at Owl's, slowed down, and went
Still,
the
over to him.
"And how
are you?" said
Winnie-the-Pooh.
Eeyore shook his head from side to
side.
Roger E. Allen
34
"Not very how," he

all
how
said. "I
don't seem to have
felt at
for a long time."
"Dear, dear," said Pooh, "I'm sorry about that. Let's
have a look
at you."
So Eeyore stood there, gazing sadly at the ground,

and Winnie-the-Pooh walked all round him once.
"Why, what's happened to your tail?" he said in surprise.
"What
has
happened
to it?" said Eeyore.
"It isn't there!"
"Are you sure?"

"Well, either a
tail
make a mistake about

"Then what is?"
is
it.
there or
And
it
isn't there.
You
can't
yours isnt there!"
"Nothing."
"Let's
have a look,"
said
Eeyore, and he turned
slowly round to the place where his

little
tail
had been a
while ago, and then, finding that he couldn't catch
he turned round the other way, until he came back

where he was at first, and then he put his head down
and looked between his front legs, and at last he said,
it
up,
to
with a long, sad
sigh, "I believe you're right."
"Of course I'm
right," said
Pooh.
"How
"It
like
35
not to be there," said Eeyore gloomily.
it
wasn't there once before, you know."

"Yes, but
think
know where
it is,
this time.
It's
at
Owl's pretending to be a bell-rope."
"How
fied to
be
Strange," said Eeyore.
What They Are
"Some
are never satis-
but always want to be Some-
thing Else."
"If
give
it
you go to
Owl and
ask him, he probably would
back to you since he has a knocker already. But be
him nicely, because he said he was fond of it."

tell him that I was attached to it," said Eeyore. "That might convince him, but I doubt it. Oh, well,
I might as well try. Thank you, Pooh."
sure to ask
"I
could
And Eeyore
"Well," said
ready
left,
set off in the direction of
Pooh
"at least
some people who need
Owl's house.
to himself, since Eeyore
think
had
al-
was right that there are
to be taken care of, sometimes."
Ill
which The Stranger, Pooh, and
Rabbit Talk About the "Hows" of Setting
Objectives and Organizing and Pooh
In
Forgets to Sing His
Manager Song
Sometimes Pooh thought that Rabbit was almost as

Bouncy as Tigger. At other times, he thought that
in Bounciness, nobody could quite come up to Tigger.
Not Rabbit. Not even Kanga. The thing was, Kanga's and Rabbit's Bounciness was a controlled sort of
Bounce, whereas there was no telling just where Tigger's Bounce would land him.
So Pooh was glad it was Rabbit and not Tigger who
came Bouncing along while he was waiting for The
Stranger.
Sometimes Tigger forgot that he had been unoff if he

wasn't expecting to be Bounced on.
Bounced, and that might put The Stranger
"Hallo, Rabbit," said Pooh.
"Good morning. Pooh,"

doing?"
said Rabbit.
"What
are
you
38
Roger E. Allen
im
;;^^i^%f*^^
The
about The
"Thinking about being a V.I.B. and waiting

Stranger."
And
Stranger and
for
then Pooh had to explain

management and the chance to become
Very Important Bear and everything.

"I see," said
Rabbit,
when Pooh had
finished.
"That
sounds very interesting."
"Why
don't you stay?" asked Pooh.
He remem-
bered that Rabbit was one of the smarter and more
educated ones in the Forest, and
it
might be nice
for
He also remembered
about Motivation and quickly mentioned that The
Stranger had had some Very Fine Looking snacks in
The
Stranger to have
him
there.
his picnic basket last time.
"That's not to say that
it is
certain that he will bring
along another picnic basket today, but since he did before,
he
just
might again and very kindly
offer to share."
Rabbit didn't have to answer the question, because
39
then The Stranger came along through the Forest
just
carrying a picnic basket.
Pooh made the introductions
and The Stranger and Rabbit
when
that everyone says
When
it
was
all
done,
it
said the kind of things
they are being introduced.
seemed
to be taken for granted
that Rabbit would stay.
The Stranger
conversation with Owl about management
Then, of course. Pooh had

about his
to tell
theory.
"It
sounds to
me
as if
Owl
did a very good job telling
you about those management theories," The Stranger
when Pooh had finished. "I also think that your

comments were addressing the really important issue,
that of differences. You are very insightful, Pooh."
At that. Pooh felt very good, and he even stopped
wondering if there was another pot of honey in the picnic basket that The Stranger had brought.
"You see, if we stop to think about it, we all know
said
that the same individual will react differently under dif-
We
know
that each of us is different in our nature, in what we like
and don't like, and in our outlook on life and what we
ferent circumstances
want
to get
from
and conditions.
also
it."
"Rabbit likes to have bread and condensed milk
with his honey, but
don't
mind
looking at the picnic basket.
just
"I just
honey," said Pooh,
thought
I'd
mention
that as an example."
"That's a good example.
If
had a job that needed
Roger E. Allen
40
doing and
needed the help of you both,
offered
if I
only fish and chips as a reason for helping, then neither

of you might be very interested.
happen
just
can
both help
eat.
have some bread and condensed milk
to
and a pot of honey

than
Which reminds me,
in
my
would
me when
it is
picnic basket, which are
really appreciate
more
you could
it if
time for lunch so that
it
doesn't
spoil."
Pooh and Rabbit both agreed

willing to
"So,"
do
that, just so
The
it
that they would be
wouldn't go to waste.
Stranger continued,
"it is difficult
up one kind of management organization that

perfectly for everyone.
As
book. Management: Tasks,
me
seems to
"It does.
work
Peter Drucker says in his
then," said Rabbit,
listening very carefully, "if that
manager's job a
will
'We
and no in-
Responsibilities, Practices,
do not yet have a genuine theory of business

tegrated discipline of business management.'
"It
to set
is
"
who had been
the case,
it
makes the
difficult one."
But
still,
it
is
the manager's responsibility
meet her objectives, so she has to do the best with

what she has. She must decide what the reality of her
situation is and work with that."
"If Eeyore was here," said Pooh, "he would say that
is Discouraging and Sad."
"Not totally. We can look at companies and organiGamble, 3M, Microsoft, and othzations like Procter
to
&
ers that
have done a very good job over the years by
41
looking clearly at reality and structuring the way they

operate so that they and most of their people perform
very well, in spite of there not being an adequate
man-
agement theory available to them."

"But what about the manager who doesn't work
for
one of those organizations?" asked Rabbit. "What
is
he
is
to
to do?"
"I
think the most important thing he can do
pay regular and careful attention to doing the very best

job he possibly can
on carrying out the
tions of a manager," said
"You
The
see, in this area,
plete control of
the manager has almost com-
have
his
system like 3M's, and indeed
even
as a
Stranger.
how and what he
able, for instance, to
possible, but
six basic func-
does.
He might
not be
company change over

it
to a
might not be practical or
he can improve
his
own performance
manager.
"In addition, although our knowledge about
nature and
know
management theory
is
inadequate,
human
we do
quite a bit about the six functions of a manager's
job."
"It's
the 'Hows' that are difficult," said Pooh.
The
"why don't we take one

of your adventures and look at it and see what sort of
'Hows' we can find about the first two basic functions:
"Well," said
Stranger,
Establishing Objectives and Organizing."
"Good," said Pooh.

ginning."
"I
always like to start at the be-
Roger E. Allen
42
what about using an adventure that the two of you shared? Can you think of one
that had establishing objectives and organizing as part
"Since Rabbit
of
is
here,
it?"
"What about
the time Kanga and Baby
Roo came
to
the Forest?" asked Rabbit.
"That might be a very good choice,"

Stranger thoughtfully. "Now,
let
me
see,
said
how
The
did that
start?"
Nobody seemed
to
know where
there they were in the Forest:
When Pooh
come
they came from, but
Kanga and Baby Roo.
asked Christopher Robin,
"How
did they
Robin said, "In the Usual Way,

if you know what I mean, Pooh," and Pooh, who didn't,
said "Oh!" Then he nodded his head twice and said, "In
the Usual Way. Ah!" Then he went to call upon his
friend Piglet to see what he thought about it. And at
Piglet's house he found Rabbit. So they all talked about
it
here?" Christopher
together.
"What
don't like about
it
is
this," said Rabbit.
"Here are we
suddenly
you, Pooh, and you. Piglet,
43
and
Me and
"And Eeyore," said Pooh.

"And Eeyore and then suddenly
"And Owl," said Pooh.
"And Owl and then all of a sudden
was
"Oh, and Eeyore,"
Pooh.
Rabbit very slowly and
"Here we
of and then, suddenly, we wake up one
said
forgetting him.^^
"I
care-
are," said
fully, "all
us,
morning and, what do we find? We find a Strange Animal among us. An animal of whom we have never even
An
heard before!
animal
who
about with
me
in
my
pocket,
about
carries her family
with her in her pocket! Suppose
carried
how many
my
family
pockets should
want?"
"Sixteen," said Piglet.
"Seventeen,
a handkerchief
one
suit!
isn't it?" said
that's
Rabbit.
"And one more
for
eighteen. Eighteen pockets in
haven't time."
There was a long and thoughtful silence

then Pooh, who had been frowning very hard
minutes, said:
"What?"
"I
make
it
for
and
some
fifteen."
said Rabbit.
"Fifteen."
"Fifteen what?"
"Your family."
"What about them?"

Pooh rubbed his nose and
bit
had been talking about

"Did
I?" said
"Yes,
you said
said that
his family.
Rabbit carelessly.
he thought Rab-
Roger E.Allen
44
"Never mind, Pooh," said Piglet impatiently.

"The question is. What are we to do about Kanga?"
"Oh,
see," said
Pooh.
"The best way," said Rabbit, "would be this. The best

way would be to steal Baby Roo and hide him, and then
when Kanga says, 'Where's Baby Roo?' we say, 'Aha.'' "
"Aha!" said Pooh, practising. "Aha/ Aha! ...
he went on, "we could say 'Aha!' even
course,"
if
Of
we
hadn't stolen Baby Roo."
"Pooh," said Rabbit kindly, "you haven't any brain."
know," said Pooh humbly.
"I
"We
Kanga knows that we know

where Baby Roo is. 'Aha!' means 'We'll tell you where
Baby Roo is, if you promise to go away from the Forest
and never come back.' Now don't talk while I think."
say 'Aha/' so that
"That was what we decided

"If
ferently,
at the time," said
Pooh.
now/ 1 think we would decide difbecause Kanga is really very nice and not at all
we had
to decide
it
Strange."
"That
is
only because
Kanga," said Rabbit.
"If
know someone, you

strange after
first.
all,
even
we have gotten
find
THEN. At
they are not so
they seem very different at
But we are not talking about
ing about
know
you take the time to get to
usually
if
to
the time
NOW. We
are talk-
Kanga seemed
like a
Strange Animal that we would be better off not having in the Forest."
The
Stranger had been listening carefully to
all
of
45
because he had forgotten some things about the
this
story.
"If
understand
jective that
it
correctly, then,"
he
said,
"the ob-
you established was to get Kanga to leave
come
the Forest and never
back."
"Yes," said Rabbit.
Pooh
"Yesssss," said
in
an Fm-not-quite-sure tone of
Baby Roo and hide

him and not give him back unless Kanga left the Forest.
Isn't that an objective?"
voice. "But
"Well,
ager
is
we
also decided to steal
said
let's see,"
The
Stranger.
"When
man-
setting objectives in her area of responsibility,
those objectives should follow certain rules. Those rules

tell
priate. If
we review
what your objective

in establishing
"I
"
and appro-
us 'How' to set objectives that are valid
like
'Hows' are
those rules,
really
maybe we can decide
was and
if
you did a good job
it."
learning
about the
'How,'
"
said
Pooh.
difficult."
"The first rule for establishing objectives is that

they must be derived from and be in accordance with
the basic purpose or mission of the organization. In
other words, you have to
was
set
up to do, what
its
know what
the organization
business really
is.
Then you
can design your objectives in any particular situation so

they will
make
a contribution to accomplishing that
purpose.
"Without a clear understanding of what the organi-
46
Roger E. Allen
zation's mission
what
there
is
no way
manager can decide
his objectives should be."
"Who
is?"
is,
decides what the purpose of an organization
asked Rabbit.
"That
one of the primary responsibilities of top

management. Unfortunately, it also is one that is freis
quently neglected. Often everyone thinks that the anit isn't, and determining it
work and thinking. When top
management hasn't established what the purpose is, the
swer
is
obvious. Usually
requires a lot of hard
organization will almost always get into trouble.
"A good example

States.
of this
is
railroads in the
United
Everyone connected with them knew that their
business was 'railroading.' Actually, the purpose of

their business
one place
was to move or transport things from
to another.
They concentrated on
railroad-
ing while the trucking companies and airlines took
away
By not establishing what
their business.
their
purpose or mission was, the railroads missed opportu-
and came on hard times.

"They had confused the means, a railroad, with the
ends viable and appropriate transportation."
"I can understand that," said Pooh. "Maybe stealing
Baby Roo was a means and not an objective."
nities
"I
think
it
may be
the other rules," said
we know
go on and
too soon to decide until
The
Stranger. "Let's
cover those.
"The second
rule
comes from the
fact that
you can't
The
do an objective or a goal.
47
objective must be able to
be translated into specific work and assignments that
be carried out to reach the goal.
will
"Next, the objective must concentrate on the really
important things so that you make the best use of the
no one and no
resources available to you since

tion has
all
organiza-
the resources needed to do everything.
"Then you should always have multiple
objectives,
because in any endeavor you are trying to balance a variety of needs,
and that requires more than one objec-
tive.
make
"Objectives must
ask to determine this are:
we do
sense.
'Is
it
The
questions you
reasonable?'
and 'Can
it?'
"If
the answer you get
is
no, then you had better re-
Few individuals will work very

achieve something when they perceive that fail-
draft your objectives.
well to
ure
is
preordained.
"Finally, objectives should
since they are based

ideally,
an informed
future holds
many
on
not be cast in concrete,
a guess about the future
guess, but
surprises
still
a guess. Since the
and many conditions
beyond our control, objectives should recognize

fact and contain an allowance for it."
"It
are
this
seems to me," said Rabbit slowly, "that we didn't
do badly in setting our objectives according to the rules

except we should have paid more attention to the purpose of our organization before
we
set
our objectives.
"
Roger E. Allen
48
Then we
should have had more of an allowance for
we expected."
The Stranger.
"I know," said Pooh. "If we had spent more time
talking about our purpose, we might have seen that we
felt that Kanga and Baby Roo coming to the Forest was
possibly a threat to us. The purpose of our organization
things not going as
"Why
is
that?" asked
then would be to see
if it
really
was a threat, and
if so,
what we should do about it."

"We just hopped to a conclusion," said Rabbit, "that
Kanga was a threat, so that limited us in choosing our
objectives."
"That's the trouble with not
knowing what the
purpose or mission of an organization
is,"
said
real
The
Stranger.
"Yes," said Pooh.
of finding out
if
"We
cdlild
Kanga was
have had an objective
a threat, say, by asking
Christopher Robin."
"Or," added Rabbit, "by sending Piglet to say 'Hallo' to
Kanga while Pooh and I watched to see if she ate him

"Which Piglet wouldn't have liked. But either plan
would have been easier than what we did do," finished
Pooh.
"What happened
"Piglet
"I
then?" asked
had an objection,"
said
The
Stranger.
Pooh, remembering.
"There's just one thing," said Piglet, fidgeting a bit.

was talking to Christopher Robin, and he said that a

Kanga was Generally Regarded
imals.
am
of the Fiercer
it is
well
known
Deprived of
is
Its
that,
Young,
it
One
if
of the Fiercer
becomes
as fierce as
Two
of the Fiercer Animals. In which case 'Aha!'
haps
2L
"Piglet," said Rabbit, taking out a pencil,
"It
"when
is
it,
per-
and licking
"you haven't any pluck."
hard to be brave," said
Piglet, sniffing slightly,
you're only a Very Small Animal."
Rabbit,
up and
will
is
foolish thing to say."
the end of
"It
An-
not frightened of Fierce Animals in the ordi-
nary way, but
Animals
One
as
49
who had begun
to write very busily, looked
said:
is
because you are a very small animal that you
be Useful in the adventure before

Piglet
was so excited
us."
at the idea of
being Useful that
he forgot to be frightened any more, and when Rabbit

went on to say that Kangas were only Fierce during the
winter months, being at other times of an Affectionate
Disposition,
he could hardly
begin being useful at once.
sit still,
he was so eager to
50
Roger E. Alien
"What about me?"
said
Pooh
sadly.
suppose
"I
shan't be useful?"
"Never mind, Pooh,"
said Piglet comfortingly.
"An-
other time perhaps."
"Without Pooh," said Rabbit solemnly as he sharpened his pencil, "the adventure would be impossible."
"Oh!" said Piglet, and tried not to look disappointed.
But Pooh went into a corner of the room and said
proudly to himself, "Impossible without Me! That sort of
Bear."
"Now
listen all of you," said
Rabbit
when he had
fin-
Pooh and Piglet sat listening very eamouths open. This was what Rabbit read
ished writing, and

gerly with their
out:
Plan to Capture Baby Roo

1.
General Remarks. Kanga runs faster than any of

Us, even Me.
2.
More General Remarks. Kanga never

eye off
Baby Roo, except when he's
takes her
safely but-
toned up in her pocket.

3.
4.
we are to capture Baby Roo, we

must get a Long Start, because Kanga runs faster
than any of Us, even Me. (See 1.)
A Thought. If Roo had jumped out of Kanga's
Therefore.
If
pocket and Piglet had jumped
in,
Kanga wouldn't
know
51
the difference, because Piglet
Very
is
Small Animal.
5.
Like Roo.
6.
But Kanga would have to be looking the other
way
first,
7.
See
2.
8.
Another Thought. But
so as not to see Piglet
if
jumping
Pooh was
in.
talking to her
way
very excitedly, she might look the other

a
moment.
And
9.
for
then
could run away with Roo.
10.
Quickly.
11.
And Kanga wouldnt
discover the difference until
Afterwards.
"Then what
The
did you do?"
Stranger asked
Rabbit.
"I
read
it
out and answered any questions they had.
Then by going over it very carefully, I made

they each knew what it was they had to do.
into the plan any suggestions
"I
suggested that
Pooh
said
my part
"I
said
"To
Kanga
added
also
distract her,
little bit
you
see,
of poetry,"
which was
in the Plan."
Stranger.
did?" Rabbit
"When
ties
tell
ideas they had."
think you did an excellent job of Organizing,"
The
"I
proudly.
and
certain that
sounded
manager
surprised.
organizes,
and the decisions that
are
"Oh,
yes.
he analyzes the
did."
activi-
needed to meet the ob-
52
Roger E. Allen
He
jectives.
develops a step-by-step plan and puts
it
in
writing so that everyone connected with the endeavor
can
refer to
it.
"The plan must

and who
is
tell
when each
responsible for doing
the work and divides
it
it.
step
He
is
to be
then
done
classifies
into manageable jobs. Accord-
ing to the requirements of those jobs, he selects individ-
whose experience,
abilities
match those
"Then he reviews the plan with the
individuals,
uals
talents,
and
requirements and assigns them.
answers their objections, and incorporates their suggestions,
when
they are appropriate, into the plan.
"He then makes
certain that each individual under-
knows what they have
stands the plan and
"So, you can see, you did
all
to do.
of those things."
"Yes," said Rabbit. "Considering that
we probably
wrong purpose, it was a good plan."

"And you did a good job of organizing," said Pooh.
"Thank you, Pooh," said Rabbit. "I couldn't have
started with the
done
"I
it
without you."
know," said Pooh modestly.
"My
goodness," said
sun and noticing that

"It*s
time for lunch.
me how
it all
came
it
Why
The
Stranger, looking at the
was almost directly overhead.

don't
we
eat
and you can
tell
out."
So they opened up the picnic
basket, spread a cloth
in a nice shady spot, arranged all the food so that
convenient to reach, and Rabbit began.
it
was
"We
all
went out
to look for
53
Kanga and Roo.
Kanga and Roo were spending
a quiet afternoon in a
Roo was practising very

and falling down mouse-holes
sandy part of the Forest. Baby

small jumps in the sand,
and climbing out of them, and Kanga was fidgeting about

and saying, "Just one more jump, dear, and then we must
go home." And at that moment who should come stumping up the hill but Pooh.
"Good
"Good
afternoon, Kanga."
"Look
at
afternoon. Pooh."
me
jumping," squeaked Roo, and
fell
into
another mouse-hole.
"Hallo, Roo,
"We
were
my
just
ternoon, Rabbit.
Rabbit and
little
fellow!"
going home," said Kanga.
Good
Piglet,
"Good
af-
afternoon. Piglet."
who had now come up from
the
"
"
Roger E. Allen
54
other side of the

"Hallo, Roo," and
Roo
ing, so they stayed
and looked.
And Kanga
twice, "I don't
said
know
"Hardly at
all,"
"Oh!"
Pooh.
said
"Roo, dear,
him jump-
after
Rabbit had winked at him
you are interested in Poetry
at all?"
said Kanga.
just
home."
There was
Pooh,
if
afternoon," and
asked them to look at
looked too.
"Oh, Kanga,"
"Good
said,
hill,
one more jump and then we must go
Roo
a short silence while
fell
down
an-
other mouse-hole.
"Go on," said Rabbit

piece as
let
me
see
behind his paw.
in a loud whisper
"Talking of Poetry," said Pooh,
was coming along.
"Fancy!" said Kanga.
It
"I
went
"Now Roo,
made up
like this.
Er
little
now
dear
"You'll like this piece of poetry," said Rabbit.

"You'll love
it,"
said Piglet.
"You must listen very carefully," said Rabbit.

"So as not to miss any of it," said Piglet.
"Oh, yes," said Kanga, but she still looked at Baby Roo.
''How did
it
Pooh gave
Pooh?" said Rabbit.
go.
a little
cough and began.
WRITTEN BY A BEAR
OF VERY LITTLE BRAIN
LINES
On Monday
I
wonder
''Now
to
is it
when
the
myself a
true, or
sun
lot:
is it
not,
is
hot

"That what
which and which
is
On Tuesday,
when
it
hails
is
55
what?"
and snows,
The feeling on me grows and grows

That hardly anybody knows
If those are these or these are those.
On Wednesday,
And
I
have nothing
is
the sky
if it's
On Thursday,
when
And hoar-frost
twinkles
That
these are
On Friday
"Yes,
it
is
who.
starts to freeze
on
the trees,
one sees
whose
but whose are these?
isn't it?" said
it is,
blue.
true
what and what
How very readily
is
else to do,
sometimes wonder
That who
what happened on
dear,
when
and then we
Kanga, not waiting to hear
Friday. "Just
really
one more jump, Roo,
must be going."
Rabbit gave Pooh a hurrying-up sort of nudge.

"Talking of Poetry," said Pooh quickly, "have you
ever noticed that tree right over there?"
"Where?"
said Kanga.
"Now,
Roo"
"That was well done," said The Stranger.

ager finds a plan
soon
is
as possible."
not working,
it
"If a
man-
should be changed as
56
Roger E. Allen
"Thank
you," said Pooh.
"Go ahead
Rabbit, read us
the rest."
"Right over there," said Pooh, pointing behind Kanga's back.
"No," said Kanga.
go home."
"You ought
"Now jump
in,
Roo, dear, and
we'll
Rabbit. "Shall
to look at that tree right over there," said
I lift
you
in,
Roo?"
And
he picked up Roo
in his paws.
"I
can see a bird in
it
from here," said Pooh. "Or
is it
a fish?"
"You ought
"Unless
it's
to see that bird
from here," said Rabbit.
a fish."
"It isn't a fish, it's a bird," said Piglet.
"So
"Is
it is,"
it
said Rabbit.
a starling or a blackbird?" said Pooh.
"That's the whole question," said Rabbit. "Is
it
blackbird or a starling?"
And then at last Kanga did turn her head to look.

And the moment that her head was turned. Rabbit
you go, Roo!" and in jumped
and off scampered Rabbit,
with Roo in his paws, as fast as he could.
"Why, where's Rabbit?" said Kanga, turning round
said in a loud voice "In
Piglet into Kanga's pocket,
again.
"Are you
Piglet
made
all right,
Roo, dear?"
a squeaky Roo-noise
from the bottom of
Kanga's pocket.
"Rabbit had to go away," said Pooh.
"I
think he
thought of something he had to go and see about suddenly."
"And
Piglet?"

"I
57
think Piglet thought of something at the same
time. Suddenly."
"So then the plan worked
"Welhhhl,"
said
Of course
Pooh
soon
as
perfectly," said
slowly.
"Not
The
Stranger.
exactly."
Kanga unbuttoned her pocket, she

Just for a moment, she thought
as
saw what had happened.
knew she
she was frightened, and then she

felt
quite sure that Christopher
harm happen
to Roo.
having a joke with me,
"Now
So she
I
will
wasn't; for she
Robin would never
let
any
said to herself, "If they are
have a joke with them."
then, Roo, dear," she said, as she took Piglet
out of her pocket. "Bed-time."
"Aha/ " said Piglet, as well as he could after his Terrifying Journey. But
Kanga
didn't
"Bath
seem
first,"
it
wasn't a very good "Aha/" and
to understand
Kanga
said
what
it
meant.
in a cheerful voice.
"Aha/ " said Piglet again, looking round anxiously for

the others. But the others weren't there. Rabbit was playing with
Baby Roo
in his
own
house, and feeling more
fond of him every minute, and Pooh,

be a Kanga, was
est,
still
at the
who had
decided to
sandy place on top of the For-
practising jumps.
"I
am
not
voice, "that
it
at all sure," said
Kanga
in a thoughtful
wouldn't be a good idea to have a cold bath
Would you like that, Roo, dear?"

who had never been really fond
this evening.
Piglet,
of baths,
shuddered a long indignant shudder, and said in as brave

a voice as
he could:
Roger E.Allen
58
"Kanga,
"Funny
see the time has
little
come
Roo," said Kanga,
to spleak painly."
as she got the bath-
water ready.
"I
am not Roo,"
said Piglet loudly. "I
"Yes, dear, yes," said
ing Piglet's voice too!
Kanga
am
soothingly.
Piglet!"
"And
imitat-
So clever of him," she went on,
as
she took a large bar of yellow soap out of the cupboard.
"What
he be doing next?"
will
"Can't you see?" shouted Piglet. "Haven't you got

eyesl
Look
"I
am
at
me!"
looking, Roo, dear," said
Kanga
rather severely.
"And you know what I told you yesterday about making

faces. If you go on making faces like Piglet's, you will grow up
and then think how sorry you will be.
to look like Piglet
Now then,
you about
into the bath,
it
and don't
let
me have
to speak to
again."
Before he
knew where he
was. Piglet was in the bath,
and Kanga was scrubbing him firmly with a

flannel.
large lathery
"She
also
made him
which
ing Medicine,
take
some of Roo's Strengthen-
Piglet didn't like in the least, al-
though Kanga told him
it
really
was quite a nice
when you got used to it." Pooh thought for

"Pm really not quite sure that's true. At least
that
59
would never prefer
it
to honey. Still,
taste
moment.
I'm certain
suppose
it
Look how far Kanga can jump."
make you strong.

"Then Christopher Robin came by and
does
that
Roo was
ally,
at
became
my
told
Kanga
house playing," said Rabbit. "Actu-
quite fond of him, and
we
are
now
great
friends."
"And Christopher Robin had

and
Piglet
managed
that he got his
to escape
own
and
left
roll
the door open,
on the ground
so
comfortable color back again,"
Pooh added.
"That was a very exciting adventure," said The
"Thank you for telling me how it came out."

And then he remembered that he had an appointment outside the Forest, so he quickly packed up his
picnic basket and, telling Pooh he would see him toStranger.
morrow,
left.
"Rabbit," said Pooh. "It seems to
me
that today
is
Tuesday."
"Yes," said Rabbit.
"And
if
today
is
Tuesday, I'm
supposed to be playing with Roo."
"And
jumping
I'm supposed to meet
Kanga
for
my
weekly
lessons."
So they both hurried
off in different directions.
Roger E. Allen
60
On
the way to the sandy place in the Forest, which
was the best place to practice jumping, because

fell
down, you didn't hurt
that he
had forgotten
if
you
Pooh remembered
Manager Song for The
yourself.
to sing his
Stranger.
"Bother," said Pooh. "Oh, well.

to sing
it
tomorrow
or
PU
surely
maybe the next
day."
remember
IV
which Piglet, Pooh, and Tigger
Communicate After a Fashion, Learn the
Rules, and Pooh Is a Very Forgetful Bear
In
"It
has to be Wednesday," said Pooh.
"Why
is
"It just
tomonrow
that,
Pooh?" asked
stands to reason.
is
If
Piglet.
yesterday was Tuesday, and
Thursday, then today must be Wednesday."
Piglet thought about that for a

it
moment. "Why does
have to be Wednesday?"
"Because,
Piglet,"
explained
Pooh
patiently,
"Wednesday always comes after Tuesday and before

Thursday. So it comes in the middle."
"Not always," said Piglet.
"Always," said Pooh, being very firm.
"I
remember
last
year
it
was Tuesday and then the
next day was Christmas and the following day was
remember
because it was a Particularly Fine Christmas. It had
snowed very hard on Tuesday, the day before, which is
Thursday," said Piglet, even more firmly.
"I
"
62
Roger E. Alien
how
remember it was Tuesday, and I had a Christmas

tree which I had Very Carefully Decorated. When I got
up on Christmas I found a large gift of haycorns under
the tree, and a big red balloon that Christopher Robin
had given me
"And a pot of honey, which I had given you."
"Which you ate all of, when you came around to
wish me a Merry Christmas."
"Yes, I know. There's nothing like a good pot of
honey on Christmas morning," said Pooh dreamily. "Or
I
for that matter, anytime."
"But
"It's
it
was
my gift, and
you ate
it all."
the thought that counts," said Pooh.
"Oh," said
Piglet. "That's true.
way, that proves
forgot. But, any-
it."
"Proves what?" asked Pooh,
who was
still
thinking
about honey.
Wednesday doesn't always follow TuesSometimes Christmas comes the day after Tuesday."
proves that
"It
day.
"Oh," said Pooh.
"I
hadn't thought about that."
"Could today be Christmas?" Piglet was suddenly

very worried because
if it
was, he was very far behind in
his preparations.
"I
don't
think
so," said
Pooh
slowly. "Be-
on Christmas, in my experience, there is usually

snow on the ground, and there isn't." He looked around
very carefully to make sure that there wasn't a little patch
of snow somewhere that he had missed. If there was a lit-
cause
tie
it
smidgen of snow
just
just sort of lying
might be a Christmas of Very
63
around, then maybe

Little
Snowfall that
had somehow crept up on them and he should run home

to see
if
there was a large
"No," said
gift
Piglet, also
of honey waiting for him.
looking around, although he
was thinking about haycoms. "There
isn't."
Roger E. Allen
64
"So,
"I
if it isn't
suppose
so,
Christmas,
must be Wednesday."
it
but I'm not really sure." Piglet looked
under the nearest bush to see

Pooh, there's Tigger coming.
today
if
is
snow
there might be
and there wasn't so he looked
there,
Why
all
around. "Look,
don't
we
ask
him
if
Christmas or Wednesday?"
Tigger was Bouncing along pretending to hunt

ever-It- Was that Tiggers hunted. Since
What-
he wasn't quite
what "IT" was that Tiggers hunted, he was practicing

on anything that he came upon. He would Bounce along
until he saw something that looked likely and then he
sure
would get down very low
to the
ground and creep closer
very carefully so as not to alert Whatever- It- Was.
When Piglet and Pooh came up to him, he was stalking a very large gorse-bush. "Hallo, Tigger," they said.
"Shhhhh,"
fierce
said Tigger very quietly. "I'm
Something-Or-Other.
minute."
moved
As
Piglet
I'll
hunting a
be with you in just a
and Pooh watched, Tigger slowly
forward, keeping close to the ground, his
twitching rapidly back and forth.
Then with
tail
a loud
Worraworra'worra'worraworra he jumped into the very
middle of the gorse-bush, thrashed and rolled around,

and, after a terrible struggle,
out, all covered
"Have
managed
to pull himself
with prickles.
won?" he asked
cheerfully.
"That's just a harmless gorse-bush," said Pooh.

"If
it's
looking?"
harmless,
why
did
it
bite
me when
wasn't
"I
don't think
"Yes
did. It
it
too quick for
"Those
prickles
if
it.
it
65
did."
would have bitten
See,
have
me
worse but
was
bites all over."
are just prickles," said
Pooh. "You always get
you happen to get into a gorse-bush."
"Maybe Tiggers don't hunt
gorse-bushes." Tigger
looked carefully at the gorse-bush so as to remember

that
it
"I
wasn't the Sort-Of-Thing that Tiggers hunted.

suspect not," said Pooh, as he and Piglet began to
help Tigger get rid of the prickles. "They aren't even
The only one I know who might like to eat

them would be Eeyore, who likes prickly things like
good to
eat.
had gotten most of the prickles out

Bouncy again. Piglet, from
behind Pooh, because he was a Very Small Animal and
being Bounced on might seriously damage him, asked,
"Tigger, is today Wednesday?"
"Or is it Christmas?" asked Pooh. Hoping that there
still might be a small chance that it was.
Tigger considered this, first sitting down and then
getting up rather quickly to remove a prickle that they
had missed and then sitting down again.
"I think," he said at last, "that it can't be Christmas,
because, if it were, we would all be over at Christopher
Thistles." After they
of Tigger and he was feeling
Robin's house helping

every year. So
to
it
him open
his presents like
must be Wednesday.
we do
Why do you want
know?"
"Because
The
Stranger said he would see
me
tomor-
66
Roger E. Allen
row and he
isn't
here."
Pooh
didn't
have to explain
about The Stranger because everyone

knew about him by now.
"Well, that explains
row.
It's
"Not
it,"
in the Forest
said Tigger. "It's not tomor-
today. You're a day early. Pooh."

really," said
Pooh. "Because he said
tomorrow
and
yesterday's
like
tomorrow's yesterday would be today."
make
sure that
day, you see,
because yesterday
"If The
it
right.
He
"Which
paused to
Wednes-
is
Christmas,
took jump-
ing lessons from Kanga,
to be here,
yesterday
it
today and not tomorrow, just
he had gotten
if it isn't
always happens
is
which
on Tuesdays."
Stranger
and he
is
supposed
isn't," said
Tigger, looking around, "then
he must be Someplace
Pooh and
Else."
Piglet thought about
that and agreed that Tigger was probably right.
"Maybe
he's lost," squeaked Piglet.
"If that's so," said
Objectives
lishing
Pooh, remembering about Estab-
and
Organizing,
"our
objective
should be to find him. Since there are three of

will
we
all
will
"If
us,
go in different directions because that
we
way
have a better chance to find him."

is lost," said Piglet, trying to keep out of the
he
way of Tigger by moving around Pooh, "instead of

thinking that tomorrow is tomorrow. That is."
Pooh was too busy Organizing
67
to listen. "Piglet,
since you have the shortest legs, you will look at the
which would be around Rabbit's

and Eeyore's houses. I'll go over and look in the Hundred Acre Wood, which is the next closest Someplace
Else. Tigger, you look on the other side of the Forest
closest
Someplace
Else,
near the bee-tree."
Then Pooh reviewed their assignments with

them to make certain that each knew exactly where
to go.
"After
we have
looked, we'll meet back here just be-
That was
fore lunch."
just in case
The
Stranger had
brought his picnic basket with him.
So they all set off in their proper directions.

Pooh was the first to return because Piglet had
found a Very Nice Patch of haycorns and that had delayed his search. When he saw Piglet coming along,
munching on the last of the haycorns, he called out,
"Did you find The Stranger?" thinking that perhaps carrying a Very
him
to lag
Heavy picnic basket might have caused
behind
"No," said
haycorns, so
"I
it
Piglet.
Piglet. "I did find a
didn't find a single haycorn," said Pooh. "If
would have brought them back

"I
all
Very Nice Patch of
wasn't a complete waste. Did you?"

I
had
for you."
meant, did you find The Stranger?" Piglet looked
around to make certain The Stranger wasn't hiding
behind a
tree so that
he could jump out and say "Sur-
68
Roger E. Allen
prise!" at Piglet. Piglet
was a Very Small Animal and
was not too fond of People jumping out unexpectedly.

"No," said Pooh. "Let's hope that Tigger found
him." So they settled
at the sun,
ally didn't
down
to wait.
Pooh kept glancing
which was almost overhead, although he

have to since his stomach told him it was
real-
most lunchtime.
After what seemed to be a long time, but really
came Bouncing along through the trees.

"Did you find The Stranger?" Pooh and Piglet called
wasn't, Tigger
out together.
"Of
course," answered Tigger. "Tiggers always find
Strangers
if
they go looking for them."
"Where
to
is he?" Pooh stretched up as tall as he could

where
see
The Stranger was, and if he had a heavy
picnic basket with him.
on the other side of the Forest, near the

sitting on a rock with his picnic basket beside
"He's over
bee-tree,
him."
"Why
didn't you bring
him back with
you?" asked
Pooh.
"You didn't say to bring him back," said Tigger re"You just said to find him. Which I did.
And almost right away. I watched him for a long time,
but he didn't do anything except sit there. I was behind
proachfully.
a bush, so
he didn't see me. Tiggers are very cunning
about things like that, you know."

"Well,
if
you found him right away, why didn't you
come
right
back and
tell
we wouldn't
when he wasn't
us so
time looking Someplace Else
69
waste our
there?"
him
him and then we
Tigger shook his head. "You didn't say to find
and come
right back.
would meet here
member
You
said to find
just before lunch.
distinctly
you said
Which
is
now.
re-
that."
You misunderstood me," said Pooh.

you didn't mean what you said," Tigger pointed
"Bother!
"If
out logically, "then you should say what you mean."
"Well, there's no helping

to go over to the bee-tree."
now. We'll
just
have
Pooh shook
his
head
it
sadly.
"Since
it's
lunchtime now, he probably will have
eaten everything in his picnic basket by the time
we
get
Oh, bother!"
Fortunately, he hadn't.
While they were eating lunch, which included some
gourmet haycoms for Piglet, imported Extract of Malt
for Tigger, and, of course, a large pot of honey for Pooh,
The Stranger was told about the difficulties they had
had in finding him.
"It seems to me as if there were problems with comthere.
munication," he
that
is
said.
"In a way, that
one of the things we
is
fortunate, because
are going to talk about today."
"What's communication?" asked
Piglet,
who
hadn't
been with Pooh when it had been talked about.

"It means telling everyone working on a project
what is happening. Everyone needs to communicate,
Roger E. Allen
70
because that's
how we
learn and
From the information we receive, we make decisions about

live.
what
to do,
work,
how
what not
to live,
to do,
how
how
to
others are
what they are

thinking and feeling, and what is important to them.
"From the information we give, others learn the
same things.
"Which is why communication is so important to a
relating
to
us,
manager.
It is
a manager's job to get things done, and the
only way that things get done

mation.
If
a manager
is
by an exchange of
infor-
not good at communicating,
viduals will not understand
know how
is
what
is
indi-
wanted. They will not
to direct their efforts in trying to achieve the
objectives that have
been
set,
and they
will
not
know how
they are doing. Since others working with them will have
the same problem, there will be duplication of effort
even worse, some
"Are there
know
if I
am
necessary things will
rules?" asked
ties this
"I like rules.
or,
all."
Then
doing things in the correct manner."
"Yes," answered
the rules
Pooh.
not get done at
The
Stranger. "Suppose
and then you can
tell
tell
you
me why you had difficul-
morning.".
"Do the
rules apply to Tiggers?" asked Tigger.
"They apply
to everyone
who
formation, which, by the way,
communication."
is
needs to exchange
in-
another definition of
"Good!" Tigger
sat
up
71
straighter. "Tiggers like to
communicate."
The
"That's fortunate," said
Stranger. "If you like
something, you will tend to be good at

"Tiggers are Very
Good
at
it."
communication," said
Tigger in a very decided voice.
"The nice thing about communication is that almost anyone can improve her performance and become
a better communicator."
"If
she follows the rules," said Piglet.
"Yes.
Which
brings
us
to
the
The
rule."
first
Stranger took a large tablet from his picnic basket and
wrote
down
finished,
1.
the
first
he showed
it
rule in big letters.
to the others
When
and read
it
he had
aloud.
TO COMMUNICATE THERE MUST BE AN

EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION.
"This rule says several things. There must be at least
two
individuals.
There can be many individuals
volved in the communication, but there must be at
in-
least
two. Next there must be an exchange of information.

That means that all communication should be a twoway process back and forth, if you like, with all indi-
viduals
who
are participating
both getting and giving
information."
"Does that mean," asked Pooh, "that
if I
am
telling
Roger E. Allen
72
Tigger that he should search the other side of the Forest,
should be getting information from
"Absolutely.
At
will
do
also?"
the very least he should give you
the information that he knows what he
he
him
is
to
do and that
it."
"That's so
will
know
that
for
'Feedback,'
communicated
properly."
"Exactly.
The word
it is
which
we'll
talk about after we've covered the other rules.
"Now
2.
the second rule
is
this:
ALL INFORMATION EXCHANGED SHOULD

BE AS CLEAR AND COMPLETE AS POSS^
IBLE.
"There
is
a law called 'Murphy's Law' that states:
anything can be misunderstood,

stood.'
it
will be
'If
misunder-
There are many reasons why we don't under-
we receive. One reason is that

words mean different things to differ-
stand information that

the same word or
ent people."
when Owl
and I
'On the other hand
thought he meant what he said, but what he really
meant was 'As distinguished from,' " said Pooh.
"That's a good example," said The Stranger. "Let
"Like
me
said,
'
give you another in the form of a
"Good," squeaked
Piglet. "I like
little
game."
games."
Winnie "the -Pooh on Management
that
and then you each

you. Ready? The word
say a word,
"I will
word meant
Tigger
to
73
tell
me what
'house.'
is
"
said, "Kanga's."
Piglet said, "Eeyore's."
Pooh
said, "Owl's."
"We have
word
'house.'
three different meanings then for the one
Why
did you pick those words for your
answer?"
"I
live at
Kanga's house," answered Tigger. "So
thought of her house."

"I
was remembering when Pooh and
for Eeyore," said Piglet. "It's the only
so
built a
house
house
ever built,
thought of that."
"And
thought of Owl's because
Indeed house, and
was
just talking
it is
about
Very Grand
Owl
saying
'On the other hand,' which happened at his house."

Pooh paused for a moment and then said, "Communication is very difficult if the same word means different
things to different people."
"Did
"Yes.
You
win?" asked Tigger.

all
had very reasonable answers,"
said
The
Stranger.
win games."
asked you all to meet
me at the house, it is very likely that we would all end
up in a different place just because the same word has
different meanings to different people. So you must be
careful with the words that you use."
"Good," said Tigger.
"You can
see
from
"I like to
this that
if I
Roger E. Allen
74
"It
seems to
me
that there must be other reasons,"
"Even when
said Piglet.
use words that
we
all
know,
sometimes have problems."
Another very common reason that causes
"Yes.
problems
is
is
that people don't always pay attention. This
communication. The
particularly true with verbal
problem
can
is
that
talk, so
we can think much
faster
than someone
we miss parts
we think we are listen-
our minds tend to wander, and
of the information even though

ing carefully."
"I'm sorry," interrupted Pooh.

part.
"I
didn't hear that last
was watching the bees in the bee-tree and think-
making lots of honey because they are

buzzing very loudly." So The Stranger repeated what he
had said, and Pooh was a Very Embarrassed Bear. Howing they must be
ever,
The
Stranger said
it
was
all
right because
it
Proved
the Point.
"Of course," The Stranger continued,

information should be complete.
"all
of your
The danger here
is
that, as a manager, you are so familiar with what you

want to communicate, you might leave something out.
So you need to review carefully everything you will be
communicating to make certain it is complete."
"Like Pooh not saying that I was to bring you back,"
said Tigger.
"When
"Yes. That's a
found you, that
Stranger wrote
it
Now we come
to a
often overlooked."
The
good example.
very important rule that
on
is
his tablet.
is."
"

3.
THE INFORMATION SHOULD BE MEAN^

INGFUL TO THE INDIVIDUAL WHO IS
RECEIVING
"There are
is
75
that even
pay
much
really
if
the individual
IT.
two reasons
the information
who
is
for this rule.

is
The
first
clear and complete,
receiving the information will not
attention to
it
unless
could say 'important,' to him.
it is
As
meaningful, or you
the saying goes,
'It
goes in one ear and out the other.'
"Now, you probably wouldn't be bothering

nicate the information unless you felt that
tant to those
in a
way
who were
that stresses
"For instance,
there
is
receiving
what
if
is
it,
so you
it
to
commu-
was impor-
must express
it
important to them.
you are managing a factory and
the need to increase production because you are
not meeting delivery dates that your customers require,
you could
call
your people together and
However, that probably
isn't
tell
them
that.
very meaningful to most of
them, so they won't pay attention, or they won't take

very seriously, figuring that
problem.
"On
the other
hand
is
it
the sales department's
"He means as distinguished from the first thing,"

Pooh whispered to Piglet.
"If you tell them that the customers may cancel
their orders unless delivery
pens, there
may have
is
improved, and
to be layoffs,
if
that hap-
you can be sure you
Roger E. Allen
76
have their attention, because now the information
will
is
important to them.
"The second reason is that there is not much point

in telling someone something that is not of importance
to her. You are just wasting her time and yours."
"Sometimes Eeyore goes on at great length about
the new Thistle patch he has found," said Pooh. "I am
glad he found it, of course, but really, I am not all that
interested in Thistles."
"What do you do when
that happens?"
what I would do if I found a

big pot of honey." Pooh shook his head. "Honey is
much more difficult to find than Thistles. Then when I
"I
usually think about
realize that
Eeyore has stopped talking about Thistles,
pay attention again."
"You
see, that
is
exactly
"Are there more
what the
rule guards against."
rules?" asked Tigger.
He was
begin-
ning to Bounce.
"There are two more, and they are Very Important."
The
Stranger wrote
letters
4.
the next rule in even bigger
ALWAYS GET CONFIRMATION THAT

THE MESSAGE YOU ARE COMMUNICAT^
ING HAS BEEN UNDERSTOOD.
"This
all
down
than he had before.
is
called 'feedback.'
It
means that because of
the reasons we have been talking about, you should

always
make
certain that the message you were
nicating was understood. You do
whom
77
this
commu-
by asking those to
you are giving the information to
tell
you what
information they received and by listening Very, Very

Carefully to what they
tell
you.
"If what they tell you is not correct, then you tell
them what they have not understood or have missed,
and you repeat
this process until
you are certain they
have understood your message. You

communicator, you must be a good
"Tiggers are Very
"That's
why
listener."
Good
know
be a good
Tigger.
said
Listeners,"
see, to
that
Pooh didn't say to bring you

back when
"And
found you."
didn't ask for
feedback from him," said
Pooh.
"That's
went wrong.
where
fear
am
a Bear of
"But then you didn't
The
Very
Little Brain."
the rule," pointed out
Stranger.
"That's true," said Pooh.
"So
5.
know
now we come
"I
would do much better now."
to the last rule."
INFORMATION CAN BE GIVEN IN MANY

WAYS. THE MORE WAYS YOU USE, THE
CLEARER AND MORE BELIEVABLE IT
%
Roger E. Allen
78
HOWEVER, THE MESSAGE

MUST BE THE SAME IN ALL WAYS. IT IS
VITAL TO BE CONSISTENT.
WILL
BE.
Pooh,
Piglet,
"I
and Tigger looked
... don't
thought
just told
them."
that
clear,
it is
"And
nally. "I
understand
if
at the rule carefully.

.
Then he
Piglet said
it,"
you had a message
for
fi-
someone, you
quickly added, "Making sure
complete, and meaningful, of course."
getting feedback,"
Pooh added.
"That's very
important."
"Well," said
The
Stranger, "there are really
many
ways that we use to communicate and to get our messages across.
"We
are using
two
right
now.
We
are talking about
the rules of communication. That's called giving infor-
mation verbally
tion.
At
we hear the informaam writing it down on this
in other words,
the same time,
we can see it. That's called giving information

visually
we see it.
"Then we could combine those two ways so that we
tablet, so
give the information in two forms at the same time
movie or
in a
"The most important way,

ager,
is
viduals
him
particularly for a
information given by the way he
who
as
TV program. That's really a third way.

acts.
The
manindi-
are receiving the information will watch
closely to see
message that he
is
if
the way he acts gives the same
giving by other ways such as verbally
or visually.
his actions
If
convey
79
a message that
is
dif-
what he is saying or writing, they will assume that he really doesn't mean what he is saying or
ferent from
writing."
"I
still
don't understand," said Piglet,
"about the acting part, that
is,
and giving
in-
formation by what you do."
an example, then. Suppose

you are a manager, and you notice that the
place where everyone works is not clean or
"Let's take
neat.
You know
when
things are messy,
it
is
important, because
it is
not very nice to be there
and you often can't find things when they are

needed."
"I
me
was clean once," interrupted
a bath
thought
when
for a
is.
It
"Kanga gave
was pretending to be Roo."
moment.
ing clean, that
my
Piglet.
"I
didn't like
it
He
very much. Be-
wasn't comfortable and
it
changed
color."
"We
were talking about the place where everyone
works," said Pooh. "Not about the ones
who work
there."
"Oh," said
Piglet.
"So the manager
"Excuse me. Please go on."

calls
everyone together and shows
them how messy everything

nicer
will
it
will
be
be easier
if it is
if
points out
clean and neat and
the situation
for their suggestions
is,
is
how much
how their work

He then asks
changed.
about what should be done and
in-
80
Roger E. Alien
corporates their ideas into his
own
plan.
He
organizes
down, gives everyone a copy, posts it

on the bulletin board, and gets feedback to make sure
the work, writes
that
it is
it
understood."
"So then the place became clean and neat," said

Tigger. "I like
happy endings."
"Unfortunately,
"I
me
don't see
it
why
didn't."
it
didn't," said
Pooh.
"It
seems to
manager followed all the rules."

because the manager made a mistake that
undid all the good work he had done. He didn't clean
up his own office, which had dust balls in all the corners, papers falling off his desk, and books and folders
piled on top of file cabinets. He also crumpled up a
piece of paper when he was out in the shop where
everyone was working and just threw it on the floor. So
everyone decided from his actions that being clean and
neat was not really very important and didn't do anythat the
"It didn't
thing themselves."
"I see," said Piglet.
"You could
say that actions speak
louder than words."

"That's very good. Piglet.
I'll
just
add
it
to the last
rule."
"It's
it
original too," said Piglet proudly. "I just thought
up."
The
added a
on the
title at
down what
had said and

the beginning so that what was written
Stranger wrote
tablet looked like this:
Piglet
Winnie'the'Pooh on Management
81
Rules for Effective
Communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
TO COMMUNICATE THERE MUST BE

AN EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION.
ALL INFORMATION EXCHANGED
SHOULD BE AS CLEAR AND COMPLETE AS POSSIBLE.
THE INFORMATION SHOULD BE MEANINGFUL TO THE INDIVIDUAL WHO IS
RECEIVING IT.
ALWAYS GET CONFIRMATION THAT

THE MESSAGE YOU ARE COMMUNICATING HAS BEEN UNDERSTOOD.
INFORMATION CAN BE GIVEN IN
MANY WAYS. THE MORE WAYS YOU
USE, THE CLEARER AND MORE BELIEVABLE IT WILL BE. HOWEVER, THE
MESSAGE MUST BE THE SAME IN ALL
WAYS. IT IS VITAL TO BE CONSISTENT. REMEMBER, ACTIONS SPEAK
LOUDER THAN WORDS.

They
"1
all
looked at the
can see why we had
said at last.
"We
list
written
on the
difficulty this
tablet.
morning," Pooh
didn't follow the rule about informa-
tion being as clear and complete as possible, and

didn't get feedback."
we
Roger E.Allen
82
The Stranger. "It was a good exammanager must be very careful when she is
communicating and must think about it before she does
it and while she is doing it. All managers should prac"Exactly," said
ple of why the
tice the rules until
they become second nature."
"I'm not going to practice hunting now," said
"Fm going to find Eeyore and practice communication." With a loud Worraworraworraworraworra
Tigger.
he Bounced
off in the direction of Eeyore's house.
"Thank you,"
said Piglet to
that things will be

I'll
go see
Owl and
much
clearer
find out
me where he might have

He started off
cently."
The
if
Stranger. "I'm sure
from
now
on.
think
he can communicate
seen a patch of haycorns
to
re-
toward the Hundred Acre
Wood.
After Tigger and Piglet had
left.
The
Stranger and
Pooh agreed that they would meet the next day. They
made
very certain this time that they followed the rules
The
of communication, and
Pooh on
It
his Particularly Excellent use of feedback.
was only
alized that
after
The
Stranger had
he hadn't sung
Very Forgetful Bear," he

again.
Stranger complimented
Oh, bother!"
his
left
that
Manager Song.
Pooh
"I
re-
am
said to himself. "I forgot
a
it
V
which Pooh
In
Finally Sings His
Manager Song, Eeyore Wanders By, an

Expotition Is Remembered, and
Motivation, Delegation, and Leadership
Are Explored
Pooh was
Very Determined Bear. Twice he had
gotten to sing his Manager Song to
The
for-
Stranger.
This morning he would not forget because
it
was an
was Important because
it
was to
Important Song.
It
remind himself to ask The Stranger about words

"leader"
and "delegate," and how they
fit
into a
like
man-
ager's job.
The
himself
best
all
way not to forget was to sing the song to

way from his house until he saw The
the
Stranger. So, as he walked along through the heather,
he sang the song to himself.

The manager, manager,
A leader must be.

That's
Most Important,
As we
all
can see
Roger E.Allen
84
After he had sung

tried
humming
make
a very
to singing
he came
it.
it
over and over, he
somehow it didn't
good Hum, so he went back
it,
but
He went on
singing
until
it
where
to the part of the stream
when he
the stepping-stones were, and
was in the middle of the third stone,
he began to wonder why the song did not

feel like a
Good Song. So he
sat
down on
middle of the stream and thought about
The sun was
the stone in the
it.
warm, and the stone,
so delightfully
which had been sitting in it for a long time, was so

warm too that Pooh almost forgot to think about the
song, but then he remembered that he had to meet The
Stranger and that the song should be a Good Song lest
The Stranger would think that he didn't deserve to be-
come
a V.I.B.
seems to me," he
"It
said, "that since
about a Very Important Thing and

about Very Important Words,
it
is
the song
used to remind
is
me
should be a Very Im-
portant Song."
He watched
thought about
sound
like a
He
sang
a dragonfly hover overhead while
that. "Bother!
The
is,
it
doesn't
Very Important Song."

it
again, Just
To Be
darted away, which proved that

tant Song, because
surely
trouble
he
if it
it
Sure.
The
dragonfly
wasn't a Very Impor-
had been, the dragonfly would
have stayed to see how
it
came
out.
Winnie 'the -Pooh on Management
85
^^^'
"It
seems to me," thought Pooh, "that
Very Important Song,

up some more
it
if it is
to be a
should be longer." So he made
for the song.
He
To
delegates
work
those that he trusts.
Objectives
and organizing
Are some of his musts.
Pooh decided that the second verse made the song a

more Important one, so he got up off his stone and went
to meet The Stranger.
As he walked, he thought that if one more verse
86
Roger E. Alien
made
the song seem more Important, then a third verse
might make
seem Very Important, which was what

was wanted. So, as he walked, he wiped his mouth with
the back of his paw to remove a little something left
it
over from the
he had had
little
something of marmalade and honey
and sang a rather
for breakfast
verse through the
fur. It
went
like this:
He
does
As
well as he can.
all
fluffy third
these things
For they are
all
part
Of a manager 's plan.

Written down
seem like
Important Song, but coming through pale fawn
like this,
doesn't
it
about half-past nine on a very sunny morning,

to
Pooh
to be
Very
fluff at
seemed
one of the Most Important Songs he had
ever sung. So he went
The
it
on
singing
it
all
the
way
to
where
Stranger was waiting for him.
"Hallo, Pooh," said
The
Stranger. "Did you
make up
that song?"
"Well,
sort of
made
it
up," said Pooh. "It isn't
went on humbly, "because it just sort of

comes to me, you know, so I can remember to ask you
about what Owl said is important. Which is a manager
Brain," he
being a leader and delegating."
"Those are important and

song
is
Very Appropriate.
it
seems to
me
that your
We were going to talk about

motivation today.
tion at the
We
87
can cover leadership and delega-
same time."
"Oh," said Pooh. "Thank you. About the song,
mean." Pooh was not quite sure what "Appropriate"
sounded Important.
He
then told The
meant, but
it
Stranger
about his conversation with
all
the part he had forgotten to

"I
am
tell
Owl
him about
pretty certain about delegation,"
"but I'm not sure what a leader
is,
or at least
last time.
and why
he
finished,
it is
impor-
manager should be a leader."

The Stranger, "why don't we see if you
can think of an adventure that had a leader, and we can
see what that tells us about what a leader is."
"It's hard to think of an adventure that had a leader
if one is not sure what a leader is," pointed out Pooh in
a Very Reasonable tone of voice.
"That's a very good point. A leader is an individual
who goes ahead and others follow."
"Oh," said Pooh. "That kind of an adventure. I remember " but he had to stop because, just at that moment, Eeyore wandered into sight, saw Pooh and The
Stranger talking, and came over to them.
"Hallo, Pooh," he said. "I found my tail just where
you said. It was pretending to be
tant that a
"Well," said
a bell-pull, but
it
couldn't fool
me." Eeyore looked back at his

tail,
which was following
behind him.
close
""s.
Roger E.Allen
88
"That's a very fine
tails
go,
suppose
are supposed to go
individual
goes,
and
who
this
is
where the
doesn't.
it
Not
al-
goes and be-
bell-pull. It's just
wants to be a
"How
all
attached to them
one
ways. Sometimes
comes a
it's
Eeyore sadly. "Actually,
right," said
tails
The
and introduced himself.
Stranger,
"As
tail," said
my
luck to have a
bell-pull." After a long silence
like a tail."
He
tail
that
he added,
looked back to make sure
it
was
there.
still
"That reminds me," said Pooh.
The one where we
were
just talk-
went on an Exdiscover the North Pole and Christopher
ing about a tale.

potition to
"We
all
Robin was our leader."

"I remember that," Eeyore said gloomily. "It didn't
end very well. Speaking of end, you will remember what
happened to my tail in that adventure, won't you?"
"Of course," said Pooh. "But that happened later. I'll
tell it
stand
from the beginning so The Stranger
will under-
it."
"Very well," said Eeyore. "Just so you don't
Some
do,
you know. Forget their promises, that
Pooh promised not

tail
is."
to forget the part about Eeyore's
and began at the beginning.

began with me meeting Christopher Robin,"
"It all
said
forget.
Pooh.
89
Christopher Robin was sitting outside his door,
on his Big Boots. As soon as he saw the Big

Pooh knew that an Adventure was going to happen, and he brushed the honey off his nose with the back
putting
Boots,
of his paw, and spruced himself up as well as he could, so
look Ready for Anything.

"Good-morning, Christopher Robin," he
as to
called
out.
"Hallo,
Pooh
Bear.
can't get this boot on."

"That's bad," said Pooh.
"Do you think you

could very kindly lean
against me, 'cos
pulling so hard
that
fall
keep
I
over backwards."
Pooh
down, dug
and pushed hard against Christopher Robin's back, and Christopher Robin pushed hard
against his, and pulled and pulled at his boot until he had
sat
his feet into the ground,
got
it
on.
"A good leader involves others in his preparations,"

The Stranger. "What did he tell you then?"
"Then he told me this," said Pooh.
said
"We
on an Expedition," said Christohe got up and brushed himself. "Thank
are all going
pher Robin,
as
you. Pooh."
"Going on an Expotition?"
said
Pooh
eagerly. "I don't
90
Roger E, Allen
think I've ever been on one of those.
to
on
Where
are
we going
this Expotition?"
"Expedition,
"Oh!"
silly
old Bear.
said Pooh. "I
It's
got an
in
'x'
know." But he didn't
it."
really.
"We're going to discover the North Pole."

"Oh!" said Pooh again. "What is the North Pole?" he
asked.
just
"It's
a thing you discover," said Christopher
Robin carelessly, not being quite sure himself.

"Oh! I see," said Pooh. "Are bears any good
covering
at dis-
it?"
"Of course they are. And Rabbit and Kanga and all
It's an Expedition. That's what an Expedition
of you.
A long line of everybody.
means.
"That sounded
"A good
is
is
they are important

"I
said.
the project
The
motivating individuals.
do a better job when they
exciting and significant.
something that
make
to be exciting," said
really part of
will try to
is
would be exciting," Pooh
worked on seem
Stranger. "That
the project
if it
leader will always try to
that she wants
Everyone
as
feel that
By being
part of
important, individuals will feel that
and everyone
likes to feel that
way."
wasn't sure what a North Pole was," said Pooh,
"but Christopher Robin said
it
was a thing you discover
and that sounded important. He

were good
at discovering
also said that bears
it."
"That's another thing that leaders do.
age and praise those
who
are
They encour-
working with them.
We all
"
up to what someone thinks about us
like to live
good, so
we
successful.
91
will try harder to
Motivating really
if it
is
make the project or the work

means giving someone a rea-
son to do good work. Feeling that a task
is
important and
up to the good opinion that someone we respect has
living
of us are both very strong reasons to do a good job.
"What did Christopher Robin do
then?"
The
Stranger
asked.
"He
said this."
"You'd better
if
my
gun's
tell
all right.
the others to get ready, while
And we
must
all
see
bring Provisions."
"Bring what?"
"Things to eat."
"Oh!"
sions.
I'll
said
Pooh
go and
tell
happily.
them."
"I
thought you said Provi-
And he stumped
"So that was some more motivation
for
off.
you to join
in the Expedition."
"Yes," said
honey and
Pooh
dreamily. "I had a large pot of
"What happened next?" asked Eeyore. "I wasn't

you know. Not at the Beginning. I almost never
am. I know what they say. Eeyore doesn't have to be in
at the start. He'll come along anyway. Let Eeyore bring
there,
up the end." Eeyore sighed. "That's

are.
Sad but
"When
just the
way things
true."
Christopher Robin asked you to
tell
the
Roger E.Allen
92
others to get ready," asked
The
Stranger, "what do you
think he was doing?"
Pooh thought
was
He
guess
he
was giving you a part of his responsibil-
he would have time to do other
to carry out, so that
things.
"I
delegating," he said slowly.
"Exactly.
ities
moment.
for a
What
did you do then?"
"Well, the
first
person
met was Rabbit, and
told
him about the Expotition and what the purpose was and
that we were to bring things to eat and that we were to
meet at Christopher Robin's. Then I asked him to go
tell
Kanga, while
went
to find Piglet."
"So you delegated part of your task to Rabbit."

"Yes," said
that
It
is. I
Pooh
proudly.
can see why Owl
made my
"That's
job easier and
why managers
"I
guess
did. Delegate,
said delegation
it
is
important.
got done faster."
use delegation as a very im-
them to multiply their efforts.

You also did it the right way. You told Rabbit the objective and the reasons for the assignment. You gave him
portant tool.
It
allows
an important task
to
many managers
do
unimportant or minor
tasks,
which
is
delegate only
unfair to those
they manage.
to
"What is even better is that you didn't tell him how

do it. You let him decide how to accomplish the task.
manager delegates in that way, it gives subordinates

a chance to learn and develop their own skills and abilities
to grow by doing parts of the boss's job."
If
"
"He
brought
him
do
didn't
all
93
"He
exactly right," said Pooh.
it
of his friends-and-relations, and
only told
to bring Kanga."
"That's not bad.
A manager has to learn that when

may make
she delegates, those she delegates to
That
takes. In fact, they almost always will.
making mistakes you learn how

afraid to try
new
"Anyway,"
is
and
right,
things.
"Remember, good judgment

ence, and experience
do things
to
an impor-
and growth. By
tant part of anyone's development
you are not
is
mis-
is
the result of experi-
the result of bad judgment."
said Pooh, "it didn't matter. Rabbit said
they could march at the end, after Eeyore."

"It
mattered to me," said Eeyore.
"But nobody cared because

said to
come
we were
in.
on, and
was
all
went
at the end, but
"But you said

"Yes, but
we
it
was
also said
"I
found
it
unsettling.
then Christopher Robin
just
off after
I
him
in the order
wasn't at the end."
all right," said
Pooh.
Don't Blame Me."
"What happened then?" asked The Stranger.

"I made up a song as we walked along," said Pooh,
"and I was singing my song to Piglet when suddenly
"Hush!" said Christopher Robin turning round to

Pooh, "we're
just
coming
to a
Dangerous Place.
."
.
"Hush!" said Piglet to Kanga.
"Hush!" said Kanga to Owl, while Roo said "Hush!"

several times to himself very quietly.
Roger E. Allen
94
^^
h^''^
/
;^
^^/
"Hush!" said
''\\u%\\\ "
Owl
said Eeyore in a terrible voice to all Rabbit's
friends -and -relations,
each other
oi
all.
And
to Eeyore.
all
down
the
last
and "Hush!" they
said hastily to
one
and smallest friend-and-relation was
the line, until
it
got to the
last
whole Expotition was saying

downwards
in a crack in the ground, and stayed there for two days
until the danger was over, and then went home in a great
so upset to find that the
"Hush!" to
]\\'m,
that he buried himself head
and lived quietly with his Aunt ever- afterwards.

His name was Alexander Beetle.
They had come to a stream which twisted and tumbled between high rocky banks, and Christopher Robin
saw at once how dangerous it was.
"It's just the place," he explained, "for an Ambush."
hurry,
"Well,
Robin had
bush?
wasn't sure what kind of a bush Christopher

said, so
A gorse-bush?'
whispered to
"
Piglet,
'What
sort of
"Owl heard and

Surprise. I told him
Then Owl
said that
denly, that's an
an Ambush was a
said that
that so
if
when
fell
people jump out at you sud-
Ambush, and
told
him
that
"We
it
suddenly one
had taken me
out of myself.
six days to get all the prickles
we were not
him about the
me
out of a tree and that
that
sort of
a gorse-bush sometimes.
is
time that a gorse-bush had sprung at
day
95
Owl
talking about gorse-bushes, but
said
told
was."
got past the Dangerous Place without an
bush," said Eeyore.

ing place in the
"Now we
Expo
Am-
are almost at the interest-
what we
They were climbing very
did."
cautiously up the stream
had gone a
to a place where the banks widened
out at each side, so that on each side of the water there
was a level strip of grass on which they could sit down
and rest. As soon as he saw this, Christopher Robin
called "Halt!" and they all sat down and rested.
now, going from rock to rock, and
little
think," said Christopher Robin, "that
"I
eat
after they
way they came
all
much
our Provisions now, so that
we
we ought
to
shan't have so
to carry."
"That shows that Christopher Robin was a good

leader,"
est
The
Stranger said.
and concern
shows
this
care of
is
"A
for the people
leader has a sincere inter-
he manages.
One way he
by making certain that their needs are taken
and that he
is
concerned
for their well-being."
96
Roger E. Allen
"My need was not taken care of," said Eeyore. "As
Usual. Nobody told me to bring along something. How
like Them. Nobody even offered to share."
"I
shared," said
Pooh.
had by
"I
cident sat
a thistle,
ac-
down on
and
got
up rather quickly
you could eat
so
,,^,.
_.,.,.
^(y
it.
^^'
,w.v^.
":^^^%^ o2J
..
^/
So you could eat

^^^^
it and for another
reason." Pooh rubbed his sitting down place as he remembered the thistle.
"Thank you again. Pooh," said Eeyore. "That
was very kind of you to share. As I told you at the
time, however, sitting on them doesn't do them any
good. Takes all the life out of them. Everyone should
remember that and take care not to sit on a thistle
if they encounter one. They could call me and I
would advise them as to proper behavior toward a
thistle."
"I'll
remember
that," said
The
Stranger.
"What hap-
pened next?"
"Well," said Pooh, "Christopher Robin was off talking to Rabbit about the
it
North Pole being
wouldn't be called a pole
on
his
face
if it
a pole because
wasn't. Piglet was lying
back sleeping peacefully. Roo was washing his
and paws
in the stream, while
Kanga explained
to
everybody proudly that
this
was the
97
time he had
first
ever washed his face himself. ..."
was saying that
"I
didn't hold with
all this
wash-
modern Behind-the-Ears nonwhat may happen. Bound to be

Look what did happen."
ing," said Eeyore. "This
You
sense.
unhealthy,
"What
can't tell
say.
did happen?"
The
Stranger asked.
"Roo fell into the stream," said Pooh, "and was being
swept downstream over a waterfall into the next pool."
much
"So
for washing," said Eeyore.
"Everybody was doing something to help," Pooh went

on. "Piglet was jumping up and
say' noises;
Owl was
down and making
'Ooo,
explaining that in a case of Sudden
and Temporary Immersion, the Important Thing was to

keep the Head above Water; Kanga was jumping along
the bank, saying 'Are you sure you're
Roo was
answering, 'Look at
"This
lose
is
fallen.
told
him
my
tail
it
"I
didn't
wouldn't be
into the pool
to catch onto
dear?'
swimming!'
turned around so that
and hung
I
Roo
the important part," said Eeyore.
my head.
tracted
me
all right,
"
dis-
where Roo had
and he'd be
all right."
"That was very quick thinking," said The Stranger.

"Yes," said Eeyore modestly. "I thought so at the
time."
"But by that time,

farther
"I
all,
down
Roo had been swept two
pools
the stream," said Pooh.
couldn't have
had my back
known
that," said Eeyore. "After
to everything.
It is
very
difficult, in
98
Roger E. Allen
case
youVe never
noticed, to
while you are facing
down two
held
tail in
pools below where
Roo was and found
and Kanga came up and took one end of

it
across the lower part of the pool,
up against
and climbed
it
a pool
it."
suppose that's true," said Pooh. "Anyway,
"I
pole,
hang your
and Roo
went
a long
it.
We
drifted
out."
"So Roo was rescued," said The Stranger.

"Yes, and something else happened. Christopher
Robin came up and asked me where I had found the
pole.
him
told
be useful so
that
just
just
picked
found
it
it. I
thought
it
ought to
up."
"Pooh," said Christopher Robin solemnly, "the Expedition
is
"That
with
my
over.
is
all
tail in
You have found
very nice," said Eeyore, "but
was
sitting
the water."
Eeyore took his
from side to
the North Pole!"
side.
tail
out of the water, and swished
it

Roger E. Allen
100
"As
it.
expected," he said. "Lost
That's what
body minds,
it's
done.
suppose
"Poor old Eeyore.
Numbed
it's all
I'll
dry
it.
all feeling.
Numbed
Well, as long as no-
right."
it
for you," said
Christopher
Robin, and he took out his handkerchief and rubbed
"Thank
who seems
that's
it
up.
you, Christopher Robin. You're the only one
to understand about
tails.
They
don't think
what's the matter with some of these others.
They've no imagination.
tail isn't
a tail to them,
it's
just a Little Bit Extra at the back."
"Never mind, Eeyore,"

bing his hardest.
more like a tail perhaps.

if you know what I mean."
feeling
"It's
again,
said Christopher Robin, rub-
"Is that better?"

It
Belongs
"That's another characteristic of a leader," said

Stranger.
"He
treat those
tails.
treats individuals as individuals.
with
What else
They
Robin
tails
He
The
doesn't
the same as he does those without
happened?"
stuck the pole in the ground, and Christopher
tied a
message on to
it.
NORTH POLE
DISCOVERED BY POOH
POOH FOUND IT.
"That was very nice of Christopher Robin to do
that," said
"You
see,
The
Stranger after admiring the message.
Pooh, that
is
another thing that a good leader

does.
He
gives credit to others. Since
101
he was the leader
of the Expedition, he could have said that he discovered
the North Pole.
Our
selves look good.
natural tendency
An
to
is
effective leader's goal
make ouris to make
his people look good."
made me feel proud of what I had done," said

Pooh. "It made me feel so good I went home and had a
little something to revive myself." Pooh looked at the
picnic basket again, and this time The Stranger noticed.
As he unpacked the picnic basket. The Stranger
"It
continued talking.
"I
would say that Christopher Robin
was a very good
leader. First,
he created an
ment about the
job that was to be done.
air
of excite-
Then he
kept
the objective as simple as possible so that everyone
could understand what needed to be done."
"Even
Piglet," said
Pooh, watching the basket being
unpacked.
"Even
role
Piglet,"
model
The
Stranger agreed.
showing by
others to act.
He
his actions
"He acted
how he
as a
expected
treated individuals as individuals
and
showed he was concerned with their welfare. When something happened

like Roo falling in the stream, he stood out of the way
and let the others get on with their job, not interfering
unless he was really needed, because a leader's job is to
lead, not to do. Finally, he gave credit to you, when he
could have taken it himself."
with dignity and respect
"Yes," said Pooh. "I didn't
know
it
was the North
Roger E.Allen
102
Pole
it
so
when
picked
it
he could have properly
and taken the
Robin recognized
that he discovered it
up. Christopher
said
credit."
"But he didn't, which shows he was a good leader."
Pooh
didn't answer because
with a particularly good

the bees had
ded to
show
made
it
jar of
he was too involved
honey, which tasted
like
from apple blossoms, but he nod-
that he thought Christopher
Very Good Leader indeed.
Robin was
VI
In
which
We Talk About Measuring
Woozle Is Tracked to Its Lair and

Defined, and Pooh Gets to Know How
Much Honey He Has
Ents, a
Pooh was
sitting in his
house counting his pots of
honey.
Waking up
early that morning, just as the sun
came
window and made interesting patterns

the Thought Had Occurred that it had
days since The Stranger with his picnic
in through the
on the
floor,
been several
basket had been in the Forest.
Thought Had Occurred, another thought

came right along behind it. If The Stranger hadn't come
to the Forest in several days, he might not come with
his picnic basket for several more days.
Pooh sat up in bed and watched the dust motes
dance in the sunbeams. It seemed to him that the two
Once
the
thoughts were Significant. "Perhaps," he said to himself,

I had a little something. All Would become Clear."
So he got out of bed, selected a pot of honey from his
"if
Roger E.Allen
104
honey-cupboard, and
sat
down
at the table to
think
about the Thoughts.
As everyone knows,
it
about Significant Thoughts
So
is
very difficult to think
when one
is
eating honey.
was not until he had finished the pot of honey and
it
was looking inside
to see
if
More
just possibly a Little
might have been hidden away in a comer that he
real-
why the Thoughts were Significant.

The Stranger hadn't come to the Forest for several days, he might not come for several days more, and
if he didn't come he wouldn't be bringing his picnic
ized
If
basket,
and that was
Without the picnic
Significant.
basket there wouldn't be any more extra pots of honey,
and he. Pooh, would have to depend upon his own supply. The Thing to Do was to count how many pots he
had
in his honey-cupboard.
Pooh
there was
was
did this from time to time, anyway, even
no
sort of
really
good reason to do
because
it
comforting to be able to say to himself "I've
got fifteen pots of honey
may
so, just
when
left.
Or
sixteen, as the case
be."
He had found from experience
that
it
was not nearly
one pot of honey left,"

left" was distinctly
honey
and
Uncomforting and Upsetting, so he usually waited to
so comforting to say "I've got
to say "I've got
no
pots of
count until his larder was
full.
This particular day, his larder was Very Full because
The
Stranger had brought so
many
pots of
honey on
his
105
and had so nicely offered to share, even suggesting

that Pooh take leftovers home, that Pooh had not used
visits
much
own honey.
of his
When
the honey-cupboard was not
full,
Pooh could
count the pots while they were in the cupboard because
he kept them
all
on the bottom
shelf
where they were
Easy to Reach.
When
cult
was
it
task.
He
full,
much more
counting was a
diffi-
could never remember whether one
counted the pots on one shelf and multiplied by three,
what was on each shelf and then added

them all together. Since Pooh was really only sure of
Times Twos, he usually decided to add, and even that
was difficult since he was never sure if eleven added to
six was eleventy-six or fourteen.
or counted
The
best way,
was to take
all
when
the honey-cupboard was
the pots out and put
them
full,
in a line
on
the floor.
So he got
a chair to stand
on and began
pots from the cupboard to the floor.
to
move
the
Roger E. Allen
106
When he
straight line,
had them all nicely arranged in an almost

he began to count. He did very well until
he came to the next to the

not a
full pot.
honey
in
it
Pooh could look
it
as half full. If
that way."
in
He
finally
it
it is
is
a half-full pot,
half empty,
decided that
if
counting
just finishing
should
should count
it
when
definitely be
there
came
his door.
"Fourteen," said Pooh.

it
he ate the honey,
no question. The pot would

empty. So he did and it was.
He was
was
and see that there was
there would be
knock on
line. It
about halfway up.
"Bother," he said. "If
count
pot in the
last
fifteen? Bother! That's
"Hallo, Pooh," said
"Come
in.
Fourteen.
Or was
muddled me."
The
"Hallo. Fourteen, wasn't
Stranger.
it?"
"What was?"
"My pots of honey that I was counting."
"Well," said The Stranger, "I heard you saying fifteen when I opened the door just before you said
'Bother.'
"
"Oh," said Pooh.
"I
guess
did.
Now
shall
have to
count them again."

"Before you do that,
pots of
honey
why
don't you add the three
brought along? They are imported: one
from France, one from Spain, and one from
Italy.
would appreciate the opinion of an expert
you on
which
is
best."
like
107
"Thank you very kindly," said Pooh. "The honey I

like best comes from bees, but I shall be pleased to help
out."
And he
added the three pots to those that were
al-
ready on the floor. Since the pots already stretched from
had to start another

them and scratched his head.
wall to wall, he
"Counting
have them in a
"unless you
they are
all
he
difficult,"
is
in a line,
it is
same
pots are not the
He
looked at
The
Stranger,
line.
said to
straight line.
Even when
sometimes hard because
size,
and the question
is
all
the
if
you
should count two small pots as one big pot."

"I
can see
how
"The thing
is,
that would be," said

it is
more comforting
have sixteen pots of honey,

separately,
when
than
if
The
if
Stranger.
to say that
you
you count two small ones
you say you have
fifteen pots.
But
comes time to eat them, a small pot is Hardly

Enough, so you end up eating two small ones, so it is
just like you only had fifteen instead of sixteen."
"So you might as well count the two small ones as
it
one."
"I
suppose
Pooh
so."
sighed.
"It
is
comforting
though to have an Extra Pot.
know,
like a
Just for emergencies, you

snowstorm or a flood when you can't get
out to get more."
"An
extra pot
"Then
is
comforting,"
The
had a problem of what
that wasn't full and
"That's good."
it
Stranger agreed.
to
wasn't empty, but
do about a pot
I
solved that."
Roger E. Allen
108
"Yes,
it
was," said
is
dreamily, licking his
lips.
not really surprising that you find counting
"It's
The
ficult," said
which,
Pooh
Stranger. "Counting
you remember,
as
usually the part that
is
is
is
measurement,
part of a manager's job,
done the
dif-
and
by many
least well
managers."
"I
can understand why," said Pooh, "but
thought
it
was measuring Ents."

"No,
on the
it
and scuffed
'm'
it
out so
it
looked
like
it
was
"
'Measure
"1
was measurement. Remember, you stepped
ent.'
am
a bear of
Very
Little Brain.
does a manager bother with measurement?

told me, but
But why
forgot!
1
know you
forgot that too."
"After a manager has set the objectives for what
needs to be accomplished, organized the
effort,
and mo-
who will be working, she needs

know what is happening and what
tivated the individuals

to
have a way to
progress
tives.
is
She
being made toward the established objecgets this information
by setting up yardsticks
or measurements."
"Oh,
pie
yes," said
know how
right,
Pooh.
"Now I remember.
Unless peo-
they are doing, and what they are doing
they can't improve their performance, or
know
if
they are making progress toward achieving their objectives.
As Eeyore would
say.
know
"Here we go
They
reaching their goal or playing
won't
Nuts in May" with the end part of an
if
they are
gathering
"
ant's nest.'
The
109
Stranger smiled. "That's a very good way of
describing the
way
things are
you don't have good
if
measurements. So, a manager will see that everyone
concerned has measurements available that not only
show how the organization is performing but that also

relate directly to the work of each individual.
"You see, Pooh, the manager interprets and analyzes
the measurements, shows
how
they evaluate perfor-
mance, and communicates
this
information to every-
one
her subordinates,
peers,
and
the manager sees that information
superiors. Basically,
available that al-
is
lows everyone to track the progress that
Pooh thought
for a
is
moment.
"Piglet
me
it,
being made."
and
tracked
something once."
"Why
make
don't you
tell
this business of
about
measurement
and perhaps
down
comfortable chair, "although I'm not sure

is.
The way
One
it
went was
fine winter's day
will
clearer."
"Very well," said Pooh, settling
that
it
in his
it
will.
most
Help,
like this."
when
Piglet
was brushing away
snow in front of his house, he happened to look up,

and there was Winnie-the-Pooh. Pooh was walking
the
round and round
and when
in a circle, thinking of
Piglet called to him,
he
just
something
"Hallo! said Piglet, "what are you doing?"
"Hunting," said Pooh.
"Hunting what?"
else,
went on walking.

no
Roger E.Allen
"Tracking something," said Winnie-the-Pooh very
mysteriously.
"Tracking what?" said

"That's just what
coming
ask myself.
"What do you think

"I shall
Piglet,
closer.
ask myself.
What?"
you'll answer?"
have to wait until
catch up with
Winnie-the-Pooh. "Now, look there."
He
said
it,"
pointed to the
ground in front of him. "What do you see there?"
He gave
Do you think
"Tracks," said Piglet. "Paw-marks."
squeak of excitement. "Oh, Pooh!
little
it's
aaWoozle?"
"It
times
may
be," said Pooh.
it isn't.
With
You never can
"Sometimes
it is,
and some-
with paw-marks."
tell
went on tracking, and

Piglet, after watching him for a minute or two, ran after
him. Winnie-the-Pooh had come to a sudden stop, and
these few words he
was bending over the tracks in a puzzled

"What's the matter?" asked
"It's
sort of way.
Piglet.
a very funny thing," said Bear, "but there
seem
whatever- washas
been joined by another whateverand the two of
to be two animals now. This
it-
it- is
them
are
now
proceeding in company.
."
.
There was a small spinney oi larch trees just here,

and it seemed as if the two Woozles, if that is what they
were, had been going round this spinney; so round this
spinney went Pooh and Piglet after them.
Suddenly Winnie-the-Pooh stopped and pointed ex.
citedly in front of him. ''Look!

''What?'' said Piglet,
in
with a jump.
an exercising
"
that he hadn't been frightened, he
once or twice
And
then, to
show
jumped up and down
sort of way.
"The
tracks!" said Pooh.
"A
third
111
animal has joined the
other two!"
"Pooh!" cried
Piglet.
"Do you think
it
is
another
Woozle?"
"No," said Pooh, "because
It is
either
Two Woozles and
it
makes
one, as
it
different marks.
might
be, Wizzle,
"
Roger E. Allen
112
or
Two,
zle.
as
it
might
be, Wizzles
and one,
if
so
it is.
Woo-
Let us continue to follow them."
So they went on,
feeling just a little anxious
case the three animals in front of

Intent.
And
then,
all
for
ever in his
them!
now,
in
of Hostile
of a sudden, Winnie-the-Pooh
stopped again, and licked the
manner,
them were
nose in a cooling
tip o{ his
he was feeling more hot and anxious than
life
before. There were four animals in front of
when he had licked the tip of

and found that it brought very little comthat I have just remembered something. I
"I think,'' said Piglet,
his nose too,

fort, "I think
have
just
remembered something that
forgot to
terday and shan't be able to do tomorrow.

really
ought to go back and do
"So you were

said
The
"Not
left to
it
So
do
yes-
suppose
now."
track the Woozles by yourself,"
Stranger.
really," said
Pooh,
Pooh looked up
at the sky,
and then,
as
he heard the
whistle again, he looked up into the branches o{ a big
and then he saw a friend of his.

Christopher Robin," he said.
oak-tree,
"It's
Christopher Robin came slowly
down
his tree.
"what were you doing?

First you went round the spinney twice by yourself, and
then Piglet ran after you and you went round again together, and then you were just going round a fourth
"Silly old Bear,"
time
he
said,

"Wait a moment,"
up
said
113
Winnie-the-Pooh, holding
his paw.
He
down and thought, in the most thoughtful

way he could think. Then he fitted his paw into one of
sat
the Tracks
and then he scratched
his nose twice,
and
stood up.
"Yes," said Winnie-the-Pooh.
am
now," said Winnie-the-Pooh.
"I
see
"I
have been Foolish and Deluded,"
a Bear of
No
"You're
the
"and
said he,
Brain at All,"
Bear in All the World," said
Best
Christopher Robin soothingly.
"It
seems to
me
that
it
was a reasonable mistake to
make," said The Stranger.

"Really?" said Pooh, brightening up. "But anyway,
that was the end of the tracking story.
with measurement, that
it
help
is?"
"It certainly does. It supplies
that
Does
me
with
just the
word
need to describe much of the information many
managers and workers receive.
"You
when
do
I,
see.
Pooh, the
first
considering measurement
and the others who
jobs effectively?
mation that
It
is:
What
are concerned,
information
need to do our
should be measurements and infor-
will enable us to direct our efforts
desired results that

"I
thing a manager should ask
we can
control."
can see that," said Pooh.
pots with honey,
it
toward
your job was to
fill
wouldn't do you any good to get
in-
"If
Roger E.Allen
114
formation that told you

in
how many
Ents you should put
each pot."
"Exactly. Yet in
many
organizations the measure-
ments and information that the manager receives is

similar to that. It is like you and Piglet tracking the
Woozle. The information you were receiving from
the paw-marks led you around in a circle and didn't
mean
really
anything.
We
could call information
that does that 'Woozle Measurements,' in honor of
your adventure."
Pooh
eral
"Woozle Measurements" to himself sevtimes, just to remind himself that it was named in
said
honor of one of his adventures. He rather liked the

sound of it. Certainly having something named in
honor of one of your adventures could mean you were
on the verge of becoming a Very Important Bear.
"The manager must make certain that the measurements she establishes are meaningful. They must
measure and provide information on what she and
others really need to know. They must not be 'Woozle
Measurements.'
"For instance, in
ment may
many
plants a
manager of a depart-
receive the quality control results or the pro-
duction figures for the plant as a whole.
whom
she supervises get nothing.
need
is
what
is
to receive figures or
happening
The workers
What
they really
measurements that show
in quality
and production
manager's area of responsibility."
in the
"Why do
115
managers get Woozle Measurements?"
asked Pooh.
"Often simply because certain measurements are
al-
ready being collected, and the manager accepts that because that
is
the
way
it
measurements have been
has always been. Often the

set
up by the accounting de-
which
from what a man-
partment, for accounting department needs,
may, and usually
are,
very different
ager and her people need to know.
something
different, she
is
When
she asks for
often told that the figures
enough for her predecessor, so they

should be good enough for her, or that the computer or
the system won't allow it, or that the figures and measupplied were good
surements are too expensive to collect just for her.
"The manager must not accept this. She must ask

'What kind of information do I and the people I
am responsible for and to really need to receive in order
herself,
to
do our jobs properly?' Once she has decided
then she can work out how and where

what form it should be in."
to get
"But suppose the accounting department

give
it
still
it
this,
and
won't
to her?" asked Pooh.
you can convince them, but

manager can collect the information herself. After all, she can't do a proper job without it. She must have it to do an excellent job, as must
"Often,
if
if
you
really try,
not, as a last resort, the
her people.
slide
It is
because
it is
not
fair to
them
difficult to get."
or to herself to let
it
Roger E.Allen
116
Pooh. "Are there any other rules about
"I see," said
measurements?
"Well," said
like rules.
The
nomical to collect
as
as simple as possible.
ers
are comforting."
Stranger, "they should be as ecois
practicable.
With
They should be kept
data processing and comput-
tempting to generate masses and masses of figures.
it is
The
They
information
ports, but
may be
in there
somewhere
people won't take the time to dig
principle to follow
is
it
at
and those
that are perfectly satisfactory,
out.
Show
to use exceptions.
ments only when they deviate from what
That way you don't waste time looking
is
A good
measureexpected.
measurements
figures that re-
and graphs help
quire action stand out. Charts
in the re-
also.
"In addition, measurements should be timely.
need to know something today

it
it
"What
they are used to
or,
make
should
is
a very
set
will
common
up very
it.
up by the manager so that
to control people
be a great
situation
It is
actually the
and to
loss of effectiveness.
and one that managers,
they want to be excellent managers,
against.
straight
self-control possible. If they are
abused
say,
dominate them, there

This
is
about measurement."
that?" asked Pooh, sitting
is
"Measurements must be
if
all
he were getting ready to remember
if
used
in order to take action,
next week,
the most important rule of
as
you
much good to get the measurements

when it is too late. Finally, there is
doesn't do you
about
If
must guard
main reason why measurement
the weakest part of most managers' performance."

"I'll
remember
that," said
Pooh, "and
117
think
un-
derstand better about the 'How' of measurement. Could
we
my honey
do
try
measuring
"I
think that would be a very good idea," said
to see
if I
it
properly?"
The
Stranger.
Pooh
said
he thought what he
know was how many
really
needed to
honey he should have in

his honey-cupboard to be sure to get more before he ran
out. That was seven, since he liked to have a pot of
honey each day, and he had always been able to get
more honey within a week.
Then he counted the pots he had and got the number exactly right, which was eighteen, counting the two
pots of
small pots as one and including the three that
The
Stranger had brought.
He
put the seven pots on the top shelf, explaining
Roger E.Allen
118
to
when he had used

bottom two shelves, he would know
The
the
Stranger that
everything on
it
was time to
go and look for some more honey.
The
Stranger said he thought that was a very fine
control system, which
should be used
for.
is,
of course,
"There
is
what measurement
no point
in
having any
measurements or reports or data, unless some action
is
taken based on them."
"Thank
system.
It is
you," said Pooh. "It does
ever so
much
less
know about measurement. And
seem
like a
now
Confusing,
since
now
good
that
I've got the
honey properly measured and put away, can
to bring your picnic basket over to the table?"
help you
VII
In
which Pooh, Owl, and The Stranger

Discuss the Others in the Forest to
Learn About Developing People and

Tigger
"It
UnBounced
seems to me," said Pooh, "that there are two parts to

"Indisputably that
sual observation
an
is
initial
is
the case," said
Owl
would reveal that there
"Even a
it."
ca-
indubitably
is
statement and then a final phrase."
"Oh," said Pooh.

"That," said
"I see," said
"I
thought there were two parts to
Owl with
Pooh.
"I
dignity, "is
what
it."
said."
guess Indisputooly confused me."
Pooh had invited Owl over to his house to talk with

The Stranger about the fourth function in a manager's
work, that of developing people. Pooh felt that he knew
less about that part of a manager's work than anything
else a
manager was supposed
to do,
and perhaps Owl's
being there would help.
Owl had flown

just in
when
over from the Hundred Acre
Wood
time for breakfast, since he really preferred flying

the sun was not too bright.
Knowing
that.
Pooh
120
Roger E. Allen
had prepared for his visit by having on hand some of Owl's favorite breakfast food.
After they had finished eating,
and while they were waiting
The
Stranger,
Pooh
for
Owl
told
about developing people.
"The Stranger said that a good

manager systematically works on
helping his people grow and improve and on improving
himself and his performance as a manager."
Owl nodded wisely, as if he had known that all
along, although he hadn't. Not really.
They had just decided that there were two parts to
the fourth function of a manager when Pooh's bell rang
and The Stranger came in. Owl had never met The
Stranger, so Pooh introduced them very nicely, as he
had been taught by Christopher Robin, who was learning about something called "Manners," which meant
helping elders and please and thank you and, of course,
doing introductions properly.
"I'm very pleased that you were able to
The
Stranger said to Owl.
"I
come
today,"
was very impressed with
your grasp of management theories that Pooh told
me
about. I'm sure you will add to today's discussion."
"Thank
you," said Owl.
"One does
one's best, but
here in the Forest, one's opportunities for intelligent

cussions about matters of
moment
dis-
tend to be somewhat
111
Owl shook his head sadly from side to side. This

was most impressive, since as Owl could turn his head ah
limited."
most
all
the
way around, he appeared
to be looking
over his right shoulder and then over his
"We
shoulder.
already decided that developing people
two
parts to
was
so."
it,"
"The word,"
had
said
Pooh. "Owl said 'Indisputooly' that
said
Owl
"Oh," said Pooh.
"I forgot.
sometimes have
difficulty
like 'confuzzled'
Pooh wrinkled up
'expotition.' "
"
firmly, "was 'indisputably.'
with long words, although not with words
and
left
first
his
and
nose
"On the whole, I have less trouble with

long 'X' words. Somehow they are easier to remember."
"If I had known that," said Owl, "I would have used
scratched his head.
an
'X'
word
instead.
could have
cumstances are lacking in
said,
this case.'
'Extenuating
cir-
"
"You're exactly right that there are two parts to the
The Stranger.
we should talk about them separately."
"So we don't get Muddled," Pooh said.
"Yes. Although the objective is the same, the way
fourth function of a manager's job," said

"I
think
manager goes about developing his people is quite

from the way he improves himself and his
different
performance
"I
as a
manager."
think," said Owl, "that,
ligent discussion,
we should
if
say
we
are to
have an
intel-
what the objective
is
in
developing people."
"An
excellent point.
The
objective should be to en-
Roger E. Alien
122
able the individual to develop her talents and abilities to
the fullest so that she can be effective in her work with

the organization. Ideally, the objective
is
to achieve ex-
cellence within the limits of those talents and abilities
and
in accord with the individual's wishes."

"I see," said
Owl.
"Why don't we
start
with what the
manager does to develop his people? That would be useknow. For instance, there are some individuals
ful to
here in the Forest that

oping."
think could stand some devel-
And Owl named
those he
felt
could stand some
developing.
The
in
Stranger chuckled. "I'm afraid what you have
mind, Owl,
not what we're talking about here.
is
manager does not
try to
make people
their basic personality. In the
first
place,
that
we know enough about people
that.
Second,
it
change
don't think
to be able to
would be deeply resented because
manipulative and,
"Still,
over, or to
A
do
it is
think, immoral."
some might
profit
from the process," said Owl.
we could
some way change

the personality, then the individual would not be the
same person. For instance, how would you describe
"That's possible, but
if
in
Eeyore?"
"Eeyore
is
a quadruped of the horse kind but smaller,
with long ears and a
tuft at
the end of the
tail,
who
ex-
hibits psychological manifestations of depression, pes-
simism, and occasional symptoms of a latent paranoid

neurosis," said
Owl.
"Eeyore
said Pooh,
him and
is
donkey who
is
mostly gloomy and sad,"
who thinks They'

him problems."
"and
cause
123
take advantage of
what I said," said Owl sternly.

"Oh," said Pooh. "Anyway, Eeyore is just Eeyore."
"Suppose for just a moment," said The Stranger,
"that we could change Eeyore and make him like, say,
Tigger, who is Bouncy and optimistic. What would you
"That, Pooh,
is
think about that?"
"You would have someone who looked

and acted like Tigger," said Owl.
"But
it
and
it,
"1
it's
one Bouncy Tigger is

In fact," he continued,
besides,
for a forest of this size.
"sometimes
Eeyore
wouldn't be Eeyore," said Pooh slowly.
don't think Fd like
enough
like
almost too much.
We
even
tried to un-
Bounce Tigger once."

"Really," said
"It
The
"What happened?"
this," said Pooh, remem-
Stranger.
went something
like
bering.
One
day Rabbit and Piglet were sitting outside
Pooh's front door listening to Rabbit, and Pooh was

ting with them.
the Forest was
It
full
sit-
was a drowsy summer afternoon, and

of gentle sounds,
which
all
seemed
to
be saying to Pooh, "Don't listen to Rabbit, listen to me."
So he got
into a comfortable position for not listening to
Rabbit, and from time to time he opened his eyes to say
"Ah!" and then closed them again to say "True," and

from time to time Rabbit said, "You see what I mean.
124
Roger E. Allen
i\iW
and
Piglet," very earnestly,
show
Piglet
nodded earnestly
to
that he did.
coming to the end of it at last,

Bouncy nowadays that it's time we
"In fact," said Rabbit,

"Tigger's getting so
taught
him
a lesson. Don't
Piglet said that Tigger
you think
so. Piglet?"
was very Bouncy, and that
they could think of a way of unbouncing him,
be a Very
Good
Idea.
it
if
would
"Well, I've got an idea," said Rabbit, "and here
it is.
We take Tigger for a long explore, somewhere where he's

never been, and we lose him there, and next morning we
find
him
again,
and
mark my words
he'll
be a
differ-
ent Tigger altogether."
"Why?"
said
"Because
Pooh.
he'll
be a
Humble
Tigger. Because he'll be a
Sad Tigger, a Melancholy Tigger, a Small and Sorry Tigger,

and Oh-Rabbit'I-am-glad'tO'See-you Tigger. That's why."
"Will he be glad to see
me and
Piglet, too?"
125
"Of course."
"That's good," said Pooh.
should hate him to go on being Sad," said Piglet
"I
doubtfully.
on being Sad," explained Rabbit.
"Tiggers never go
I asked Owl,
what they always
get over it with. But if we can make Tigger feel Small and
Sad just for five minutes, we shall have done a good deed."
"They
get over
just to
make
it
with Astonishing Rapidity.
sure,
and he
said that that's
"Did you decide to go ahead with Rabbit's plan to
change Tigger?" asked The Stranger.

"Yes, the very next day."
The next day was

ing hot and sunny,
mind
for himself,
quite a different day. Instead of be-
it
was cold and misty. Pooh didn't
when he thought
but
of
all
the honey
the bees wouldn't be making, a cold and misty day always
made him feel

Piglet came to
sorry for them.
He
said so to Piglet
when
fetch him, and Piglet said that he wasn't
thinking of that so much, but of how cold and miserable
would be being lost all day and night on the top of the
But when he and Pooh had got to Rabbit's house.
Rabbit said it was just the day for them, because Tigger
always bounced on ahead of everybody, and as soon as he
got out of sight, they would hurry away in the other direction, and he would never see them again.
"Not never?" said Piglet.
it
Forest.
"Well, not until

row, or whenever
we
it is.
find
him
Come on.
again. Piglet.
He's waiting for
Tomorus.
."
.
Roger E. Allen
126
So they went. At first Pooh and Rabbit and Piglet

walked together, and Tigger ran round them in circles,
and then, when the path got narrower, Rabbit, Piglet
and Pooh walked one after another, and Tigger ran
round them in oblongs, and by-and-by, when the gorse
got very prickly on each side of the path, Tigger ran up
and down in front o{ them, and sometimes he bounced
into Rabbit and sometimes he didn't. And as they got
higher, the mist got thicker, so that Tigger kept disap-
and then when you thought he wasn't there,

there he was again, saying "I say, come on," and before
you could say anything, there he wasn't.
Rabbit turned round and nudged Piglet.
"The next time," he said. "Tell Pooh."
"The next time," said Piglet to Pooh.
"The next what?" said Pooh to Piglet.
Tigger appeared suddenly, bounced into Rabbit,
and disappeared again. "Now!" said Rabbit. He jumped
into a hollow by the side of the path, and Pooh and
pearing,
Piglet
jumped
after
The
For-
listening.
est
was very
silent
when you stopped

and listened
They
to
could
it.
see
nothing and hear

nothing.
There
moment's
was
silence,
and then they heard
him pattering
off
him. They crouched in the bracken,

again. For a
become
so
little
longer they waited, until the Forest had
that
still
127
it
almost frightened them, and then
Rabbit got up and stretched himself.
"Well?" he whispered proudly. "There

I
are! Just as
said."
"So you got Tigger
"Not
that
we
it's
exactly," said
The Stranger.
Pooh. "What we didn't know was
lost," said
a funny thing about Tiggers, they never get lost.
"Nobody knows why. They just don't. So when he

couldn't find us, Tigger went right back to Kanga's and
started playing with Roo. They were playing the game
of throwing fir cones at each other." Pooh paused. "In
case you wanted to know what they were doing."
"So you found him there, when you and Piglet and
Rabbit got back," said Owl.
"Not
really," said
"The fact
somehow."
is,"
Pooh.
"It
went more
like this."
said Rabbit, "we've missed our
way
They were having a rest in a small sand-pit on the

top of the Forest. Pooh was getting rather tired of that
sand-pit, and suspected it of following them about, because whichever direction they started
ended up
at
it,
and each time,
as
it
in,
mist at them. Rabbit said triumphantly,
where we
are!"
said nothing.
and Pooh
He had
"Now
know
and Piglet
think
of
something
to
to say,
said sadly,
tried
they always
came through the
"So do
I,"
but the only thing he could think of was, "Help, help!"
Roger E.Allen
128
and
it
seemed
to say that,
silly
when he had Pooh and
Rabbit with him.

"Well," said Rabbit, after a long silence in which no-
body thanked him
for the nice
"we'd better get on,
"How would
suppose.
we're out of sight of this
shall
Pooh slowly,
we try to find
be," said
it
walk they were having,
Which way
Pit,
"if,
we
as
try?"
soon
as
again?"
it
"What's the good of that?" said Rabbit.

"Well," said Pooh, "we keep looking for
not finding
it,
so
thought that
we'd be sure not to find
if
we looked
Home
and
for this Pit,
which would be a Good
it,
Thing, because then we might find something that we
werent looking
looking
for,
"So you were
lost," said
"Well," said Pooh.
suppose
be
lost.
"I
if
which might be
The
you know where you
What we
didn't
Stranger.
are,
were, and
you can't very well
know was where home
was."
assume," said Owl, "that since you are here, you
"Sort of," said
home
had a
little
was."
Pooh. "Christopher Robin came
looking and found Piglet and

all
what we were
"We knew where we
eventually found where
we
just
for, really."
me and
took us
home and
something."
"What happened to Rabbit?" asked The Stranger.

"He had gotten separated from us and was lost, but
we
Robin said he exhim since he was sort of
didn't worry because Christopher
pected that Tigger would find

looking for us
all."
129
Tigger was tearing round the Forest making loud yap-
And at
ping noises for Rabbit.
Rabbit heard him.
And
last
the Small and Sorry Rabbit rushed
through the mist at the noise, and

Tigger; a Friendly Tigger, a
Helpful Tigger, a Tigger

all,
in just the beautiful
"Oh, Tigger,
am
a very Small and Sorry
it
Grand
suddenly turned into

Tigger, a Large
who bounced,
way
if
and
he bounced
at
a Tigger ought to bounce.
glad to see you," cried Rabbit.
"So the adventure ended happily," said The Stranger,

"but Tigger wasn't changed.
He was still
Bouncy."
"Yes," said Pooh. "After that, though,
nobody much
minded. Especially Rabbit."

"It
The
is
very, very difficult to
Stranger, "as
could,
we
change someone," said
said earlier. In addition,
we would probably
even
prefer the person the
if
we
way he
was, as your story shows."
"But
if
you can't change people," asked Owl, "how
does the manager carry out her responsibility of devel-
oping people?"
"That's the funny thing about this function of a
ager.
You
just can't
see,
the manager really can't develop people.
be done. All she can do
ronment that encourages them

"
'Hows' are
head from
'How' of
difficult," said
side to side. "This
all.
man-
The manager
is
to provide
It
an envi-
to develop themselves."
Pooh, slowly shaking his
seems the most
difficult
has to develop her people,
but you can't develop people."
Roger E.Allen
130
"She can't do
can do
it
directly, but there
is
a great deal she
must know her people. She

them, observe them, and, above all, listen
indirectly. First she
should talk to
By doing that, she will begin to learn their

strengths and weaknesses.
"Once she knows those, she can start to work with
the individuals. She can give assignments to them, delegate some of her own work, for instance, where their
strengths will help them to perform well.
"In the process, their weaknesses will show up. They
will make mistakes. However, and this is extremely important, the manager should emphasize their strengths
to them.
and view
their mistakes in a positive way, pointing out
that mistakes are a natural part of the learning experience.
"Working under these conditions, most people will

want to correct their weaknesses and will work hard to
do so. The important thing is that it is done on their
own, not imposed from outside. No one likes to have
someone continually pointing out their weaknesses."
"What else can the manager do?" asked Pooh.
"She should select her people carefully and give
them work to do that will meet their needs and that is
compatible with their talents, experience, and ability.
She also can provide them with appropriate training if
they want to take it to upgrade their skills.
"Above all, she should leave them alone. Get out of
the way and let them get on with the job. Guide them,
help them, but don't sit on them or smother them."

"I
on
sat
Piglet once," said
He
Pooh. "By accident.
much
care for
"Few do,"
"That's
The
didn't
it."
Owl.
said
exactly
Stranger.
131
right,"
"Few of us
said
like to
be
hovered over. By letting her peo-
need help, the manager
ple alone, unless they
is
showing
them and considers them to be competent,

mature individuals. Not everyone will respond to that, but
that she trusts
enough of any manager's people
will react favorably so
that a very effective operation will be possible.
"Remember
that the manager's objective
is
for
each
individual to achieve excellence within the limits of his

or her talents
and
abilities.
plain that excellence

strive for
it
"Is
is
the manager makes
like to
be challenged
it
as long as the
seen to be achievable."
there any more?" asked Pooh.
"There
is
The key word
"Or
is it
lunchtime?"
one other thing that we should
stress.
in our definition of the function of de-
veloping people
is
Once
the objective, her people will
themselves. Everyone likes to be a winner,
and most people

challenge
is
is
'systematically.'
Since the manager
attempting to reach her objective by establishing an
environment or a climate that encourages growth and
improvement of the
individual, she
must make certain
and continuous."
Owl. "If the manager's
that her efforts are consistent

"I
can see
that," said
efforts
Roger E. Allen
132
are sporadic, the
ambiance
be one of change and
will
uncertainty, obviating the idea of a consistent condition surrounding
and effecting the development of an
organism, namely, the individual."
"What?"
said
think about what
Pooh, and even The Stranger had to
Owl had
said for a few
"That's exactly right. Owl,"

nally.
"Growing and improving
The
is
place over a long period of time.
know
Stranger said
fi-
a process that takes
The
individuals must
that their efforts will be rewarded at the end of
The environment
that time.
stable
moments.
that will do that must be a
one that they can count on.
"And
speaking of rewards, the manager should com-
pliment individuals, preferably in public,
good job
in terms of their talents
and
when
abilities.
they do a
Raises and
promotions come along relatively infrequently, but the

opportunity to congratulate someone on doing something well occurs almost daily.
every opportunity.
commitment
to
The manager
The compliments
should seize
will reinforce
"What about
the manager?" asked Pooh. "She was
supposed to grow and improve her performance

"That's a
her
growth and encourage the individual."
little easier,"
said
The
also."
Stranger. "She has
control over that herself. Ideally, her superior will be
doing the same thing the manager

people, but even
on the job
if
herself.
you know why?"
is
doing with her
he does not, the manager can take

In fact, it is vital that she do so. Do
133
Pooh thought for a moment. "Because," he said

we
were
talking
slowly, "when
about
communication, we agreed that actions speak louder
.
than words," he finished in a rush.

"Precisely.
her
own
By making
grow and improve
performance, she shows her people that she
considers
it
to be important,
a consistent environment.
"I try," said
ager do
efforts to
it
"First,
which
also helps to create
Very good, Pooh."
Pooh modestly. "But how does the man-
for herself?"
she monitors her
own performance
can see where she needs improvement.

best ways I've found
is
that used by
In his autobiography, he
qualities
ful.
and
skills
He made up
tells
about
so that she
think one of the
Benjamin Franklin.
how he
decided what
he needed in order to become success-
a checklist showing each one.
the end of each day, he would review the
himself a mark on
how
each item. By doing
well he
this,
list
Then,
at
and give
had done that day on
he not only kept reminding
himself what was important, he also had a running record

of his progress. IVe found
it
very helpful, and
it
only takes
about five minutes at the end of the day."

"Is
that
what you meant by
'systematically'?" asked
Pooh.
manager should decide what

skills and characteristics she might need in the future
and begin to learn and practice those. Often she can get
an idea as to what these should be by observing and
"Yes. In addition, the
Roger E. Allen
134
talking to her superior.
and she
also
She can take extension
can volunteer
courses,
for duties that her superior
does and ask that they be delegated to her."
"So the manager improves her performance on the

job she
at the
is
doing
at the present time," said
same time prepares herself
for
her future
sponsibilities."
The Stranger. He looked

"Do you know, I think we've
"Exactly," said
up
at the sun.
almost gone through lunchtime."

"I
know," said Pooh. "My stomach
told me."
Owl, "and
re-
VIII
which Pooh and The Stranger Talk
About the Horrible Heffalump Trap for
Managers and What They Can Do to
Avoid FaUing into It
In
While Pooh, Owl, and The Stranger were eating lunch,

the weather had changed. The sun was covered by
clouds, and it grew quite dark outside Pooh's house. The
wind blew harder and whistled in through the crack in
the door, bringing with
"I
it
the scent of rain.
think," said Owl, licking off the last bits of bread
and honey that The Stranger had thoughtfully brought,

"that it might well be an auspicious time for me to return to
orate
my
still
abode before atmospheric conditions deteri-
further."
Pooh suggested to Owl that he had better think

about going home, because it looked as if it might rain.
The Stranger looked out the door and said that it
looked as
if it
were raining already in the direction he
Pooh
needed to
go, so
for a little
while to see
if
if
didn't mind, he'd stay around
the rain would pass by.
136
Roger E. Alien
Pooh
he didn't mind
said
at all, as
he had some
questions he wanted to ask.
While Pooh cleaned up

ing out the remaining
little
after lunch, carefully leav-
snacks from the picnic bas-
he thought about the questions he wanted to ask
ket,
The
who was
Stranger,
taking a few winks in Pooh's
most comfortable chair in front of the toasty
The
"It
Stranger
seems to
ever so
much
woke up just as Pooh was finishing.

me," Pooh said, "that a manager has
what with Establishing Objectives
to do,
and Organizing and

all
fire.
all
the
rest,
that
don't see
how
it
gets done."
The
Stranger chuckled. "I'm sure most managers
would agree with you.
someone can do
it
It is
well
is
a big job,
and the only way that
to be as effective as possible."
someone who works for

the police? Christopher Robin once read a book about
a
a one of those."
a
someone who
"You're thinking about 'detective'
investigates crime. The word I used was 'effective.' It
simply means that the manager must get the right
"What's
'defective'?
Is
that
things done."
Pooh thought for a minute. Finally he said, "I see. If

the manager isn't getting the right things done, then he
must be getting the wrong things done, and if he gets
the wrong things done, then the manager won't be
making progress toward achieving his objectives. That
seems simple,
think."
137
"That's exactly right, Pooh, but you would be surprised
how
often managers concentrate
on the wrong
things simply because they haven't thought about being

effective.
Many managers
themselves get distracted by
let
not make a major contribution toward
tasks that will
achieving their objectives and then complain because
they do not have enough time to do the important things.
"A manager
should always remember what he
ing to achieve and
what
reaching his goals.
is
try-
tasks are really important in
Then he
should concentrate on
those tasks."
"It's
not always easy not to be distracted," said Pooh.
"Sometimes things happen. Like the time that
and
Piglet
were searching for Small, one of Rabbit's friends-
and-relations
who was
lost."
"What happened
to
distract
you?"
asked
The
Stranger.
"Well,
it all
started
when Rabbit
told
me
that Small
had disappeared and that everyone had been Organized

into a Search.
and then work

bit
was to search by the Six Pine Trees
first
my way back to Owl's House where Rab-
would meet me."
As soon
as
Rabbit was out of
bered that he had forgotten to ask
whether he was the

settled
as
it
Pooh remem-
who Small
was, and
sort of friend-and-relation
on one's nose,
by mistake, and
sight,
or the sort
who
who
got trodden on
was Too Late Now, he thought he
Roger E. Allen
138
would begin the Hunt by looking for Piglet, and asking

him what they were looking for before he looked for it.
"That seems wise," commented The Stranger.

"I
thought
so. It's
are looking for
if
you to recognize
list
of How
ever so helpful to
you are looking
when you
it
should go about
for
find
know what you
something.
it.
It
helps
even made up a
it."
Order of Looking for Things

1.
special Place. (To find Piglet.)
2.
Piglet.
3.
Small. (To find Small.)
(To find who Small
4. Rabbit.
5.
(To
tell
is.)
him Vve found Small.)
Small Again. (To
tell
him Vve found Rabbit.)
"That's a good habit for a manager to acquire," said
The
Stranger.
"Yes," said Pooh, "probably most V.I.B.s keep
was so busy writing

ing where
this
down
was going that
in
my head and
lists. I
not look-
got distracted."
"Did someone interrupt you?" asked The Stranger.

"No," said Pooh.
"It
happened
The next moment

indeed, because
like this."
the day became very bothering
Pooh was
so busy not looking where he
139
was going that he stepped on a piece of the Forest which

had been left out by mistake; and he only just had time
to think to himself: "I'm flying.
der how you stop
"
when he
What Owl
does.
won-
stopped.
Bump!
"Ow!" squeaked something.
"That's funny," thought Pooh.
"I said
'Ow!' without
really oo' ing."
"Help!" said a small, high voice.

"That's
me
again," thought Pooh. "I've
dent, and fallen
down
a well,
and
my
squeaky and works before I'm ready for
done something
had an Acci-
voice has gone

it,
all
because I've
to myself inside. Bother!"
"Helphelp!"
it
"There you are! I say things when I'm not trying. So

must be a very bad Accident." And then he thought
that perhaps
when he
did try to say things he wouldn't
Roger E. Alien
140
be able to; so, to make sure, he said

Accident to Pooh Bear."
"Pooh!" squeaked the voice.
"It's Piglet!"
Pooh
cried
loudly:
"A Very Bad
"Where
eagerly.
are you?"
"Underneath," said Piglet in an underneath
sort of way.
"Underneath what?"
"You," squeaked Piglet. "Get up!
."
.
"What's happened?" said Pooh. "Where are we?"

"I
think we're in a sort of
Pit.
was walking along,
looking for somebody, and then suddenly
more, and
thing
fell
"So
it
just
when
on me. And
got up to see where

it
wasn't any
was, some-
was you."
was," said Pooh.
"Yes," said Piglet. "Pooh," he went on nervously, and

came a little closer, "do you think we're in a trap?"
Pooh hadn't thought about it at all, but now he nodded. For suddenly he remembered how he and Piglet had
once made a Pooh Trap for Heffalumps, and he guessed
what had happened. He and Piglet had fallen into a Heffalump Trap for Poohs! That was what it was.
can see where that would be
"I
The
distracting," said
Stranger.
"It
was," said Pooh. "Very.
We
spent a great deal of
Not Searching for Small because we were trying to

decide what to do when the Horrible Heffalump came
time
by to inspect his Trap for Poohs and found us in
"What happened when

in
its
Trap?"
"It didn't."
it."
the Heffalump did find you
Christopher Robin,
else, said:
went into
who was
"Where's Pooh?"
his
141
thinking of something
but Rabbit had gone. So he
house and drew a picture of Pooh going a
long walk at about seven o'clock in the morning, and
then he climbed to the top of his tree and climbed
down
Roger E. Allen
142
again,
went
and then he wondered what Pooh was doing, and
across the Forest to see.
It was not long before he came to the Gravel Pit, and

he looked down, and there were Pooh and Piglet, with
their backs to him,
dreaming happily.
...
"Hallo, Pooh."
and looked away again. And he felt

and Uncomfortable that he had almost decided to run away to Sea and be a Sailor ...
Piglet looked up,
so Foolish
"So
all
the time you and Piglet spent deciding what
to
do when the Heffalump came could have been spent
on
getting out of the Gravel Pit and then carrying out
your Search for Small."

"Yes," said Pooh. "But
I
we were
distracted.
Pm
afraid
was not a Very Effective Bear."

"Still," said
managers.
If
The
Stranger,
"it's
good lesson
for
they are to be effective, they must force
themselves to set priorities and not allow themselves to

be distracted. They must stay with their priority deci-
They must do first things first and second

not at all. They must be alert not to fall into the
sions.
ble
things
Horri-
Heffalump Trap of being distracted from accom-
plishing their priority tasks."

"I
understand that," said Pooh.
else that a
other than
manager must do
setting
priorities
"Is
there anything
in order to be effective
and then sticking
to
them?"
"There are
several.
But probably the most important
143
thing that a manager must do in order to be effective

to
manage time
"How
is
that done?" asked Pooh, in a puzzled tone of
"Time just goes

you can change it."
voice.
by. It doesn't
seem
to
"That's very true. Everyone has the same

time, twenty-four hours in a day.
manage
that those
is
me
that
amount of
However, some people
to accomplish a great deal in those twenty-four
hours and others very
ence
is
properly."
little.
The
reason for the
who accomplish
differ-
a lot devote their
time to tasks that will help them to meet their objectives
to productive tasks.
or reducing as
on
much
They do
as possible
this
by eliminating
unproductive demands
their time."
"How do
"The
find out
they do that?"
manager
starting point should be for the
how he
spends his time.
ing
what
tasks
he
how much
time
is
is
What he
is
to
actually do-
performing at the present and
devoted to them.
He
does this by
keeping a record of how he spends his time each day for
He
what he does as he does it

and how much time it took to do it. This is called a
Time Log,' and it is a good idea for a manager to keep
one about every six months, simply because the work a
manager does will change.
"The manager then can analyze his Time Log and
eliminate or reduce the time spent on work that does
not contribute to his priority tasks and objectives."
about a month.
records
Roger E. Allen
144
"How does he do
that?" asked Pooh.
"Many techniques can be
used.
Two
good books on
the subject are The Effective Executive by Peter
Drucker and
Life
How
to
F.
Get Control of Your Time and Your
by Alan Lake in.

"Finally,
the manager should schedule the time
available to him.
a time
when he
evening, or the
A good way to do this

will
first
is
to
sit
down
at
be undisturbed, say on a Sunday

thing
Monday morning, with an
appointment book and think about what needs to be

accomplished in the coming week.
"He should
first
consider his priority items and
schedule blocks of time to work on them. Care must be
taken not to schedule too
much
of the time available.
If
someone overschedules, he will get discouraged because

he can't accomplish what was scheduled. Every manager knows that there are always interruptions and unscheduled events, so count on it in advance. Schedule
only about 60 percent of the time. Leave the
If
nothing occurs, the manager can always
rest
open.
re juggle or
expand the time scheduled on priority items.
"Then each
day, either at the
end of the day or
first
thing in the morning, he should review and adjust the
schedule for the upcoming day and the rest of the week."
"It
seems to me," said Pooh, "that the scheduling
would take a
"Not
lot of time, all
really.
by
itself."
After you are used to doing
would find that only about a half an hour
is
it,
you
required for
145
the weekly scheduling and about five minutes for the

daily review
and adjustment."
"That doesn't seem
amount
"That's only about the
spend each day
Pooh.
like a lot of time," said
of time in a
for a little afternoon snack,
week that I
which nor-
mally would be scheduled right about now."

"Well," said
dow and
The
Stranger, walking over to the win-
looking out, "a good manager doesn't deviate
from the schedule unless

rain has passed over,
and
it's
about time for
me
have the scheduled snack and then
leaving. Let's
be on
absolutely necessary.
it is
The
to be
I
must
my way."
"There are a few things

basket you brought.
If
left
over from the picnic
we had them
for a Little
then the basket would be lighter
thing,
Pooh most
carry," suggested
The
for
Someyou to
helpfully.
Stranger agreed and they sat
down to have
a Little
Something, which turned out to be a Large Something.
As
they were eating
"When you
told
me
Small, you never said
"Oh
came
yes,
along,
I
I
The
Stranger asked Pooh:
your story about the Search for

if
Small was found."
forgot. Just
when Christopher Robin
was trying to soothe myself in that awk-
ward place in the middle of the back where something

was tickling me when suddenly Piglet gave a shout."
"Pooh!" he
your back."
cried. "There's
something climbing up
Roger E. Allen
146
"I
thought there was," said Pooh.
"It's
Small!" cried Piglet.
"Oh,
that's
who
it is, is it?"
said
Pooh.
"Christopher Robin, I've found Small!" cried Piglet.
"Well done,
Piglet," said
Christopher Robin.
IX
In
which The Stranger Comes
Forest for the Last Time, a Party
Pooh Becomes
Is
was quite sure
Piglet
had heard
Piglet
had
Held,
Visited
Everyone knew that The Stranger would be
No one
Is
Very Important Bear,
and an Enchanted Place
Forest for the last time
to the
visiting the
and that there would be a
how
they
knew
party.
this.
was absolutely and positively certain that he

it
from Rabbit, and Rabbit was equally sure that
told him.
Owl
claimed to have picked up the
news from the wind that sighed
Kanga was
softly
through the
trees.
who was so excited at the idea

who had told him.
he just knew. "Tiggers always know
told by Roo,
of a party that he completely forgot
Tigger said that
about things like that," he

at
said. "Tiggers are
very good
knowing."
Pooh knew. He thought that The Stranger had told

him just before he left on the day it had rained, but then
again, he wasn't sure, since they had talked so much
that day that his brain had gotten tired and refused to
Roger E Allen
148
remember exactly what The Stranger had said. When

he woke up the morning of the party, he lay in bed and
remember how he knew.
Knowing made Pooh feel sad. He
tried to
Stranger
him
tle
Brain.
The
the Forest because
visit
like a
Bear of
He
Some
liked having
The
Stranger treated
Brain instead of a Bear of Lit-
also liked the picnic baskets that
The
Stranger brought, or rather, what was inside the baskets.
Thinking about the picnic baskets reminded him

about the party, which made him
feel glad.
Since
The
Stranger had brought such good food in the picnic baskets, the
food for the party should be even better, since
parties are supposed to be Special.

"Let's see
now," he said to himself, since no one
was around, "there

of honey.
Or
That was
will probably
will there
else
be a pot, no, two pots
be three?"
a difficult question
and Pooh
finally de-
number was probably three.

"Then there are sure to be some of those little cake
things with Pink Sugar icing. Maybe even enough so
that one can have More if one is so inclined. Then for
dessert there will be honeycombs that are nice and
chewy and lots and lots of orange marmalade to spread
on them to make them go down even easier " and
Pooh happily dreamed on.
Even Eeyore knew. "Someone must have made a
mistake," he said gloomily. "Mostly no one tells me
what is happening until it's Too Late. That's sad, but
cided that the correct
it's
just the
be a party.
way things
I'll
jump out and
party,
ing
when
say 'Surprise!'
there isn't a party after
"On
Probably there
are.
go and
all.
the other hoof,
shall miss
if I
Still,
it.
me down the odd
149
going to
isn't
get there everyone will
and the
How
surprise will be that
like
them.
don't go and there really
is
suppose they would be send-
bits that got
trodden on. Kind and
Thoughtful."
In the end, Eeyore decided to attend.
He and
the others got ready.
Eeyore had considerable

getting the
bow on
difficulty
his tail tied ex-
actly right since his tail kept acting

like
it
was once again thinking about
becoming a
Owl
bell-pull,
but in the end, he managed
it.
took particular care and made certain that his
claws were spotless and well polished. After
all,
his contribution to the
book The
Stranger was writing was indubitably of inestimable value, and
it
was not inconceiv-
able that the festivities were conceived to
give recognition to his preoption to inscribe the dedication of the tome.
Piglet actually considered
to the party.
He
washing before he went
thought about
it
for a long
time and
then decided that if he did so, it was quite likely that no

one would recognize him, and he would not be allowed
to attend. So he didn't. Wash, that is.
150
Roger E. Allen
Kanga gave Roo
a thorough bath,
even including washing inside

ears.
For once,
Roo
his
didn't splash,
but sat quietly thinking about the

party.
When
Kanga
finished, there
weren't even any puddles on the

floor except for
one very small one that hardly counted.
Rabbit was wondering
he should
if
invite all his
The Stranger might not be expectmany and might not have brought enough chairs.
friends-and-relations.
ing that
Finally
he decided that
they would probably

spread themselves
all
on the
he didn't invite them,
if
come anyway. They could

grass
and wait hopefully
in
case anybody spoke to them, or dropped anything, or
asked them the time.
While Roo was being dried off, Tigger carefully

groomed himself, licking his fur until it all lay down in
exactly the right place and shone silkily in the sunlight.
Tigger admired himself in the mirror after he had finished, commenting 'Tiggers are very good at looking
well groomed."
Pooh, deciding he had dreamed

about the food that would be at the
party long
enough and that he had
better get ready for the real thing
he had dreamed
cor-
just to see
if
rectly, got
up and carefully brushed
his fur into place.
It
it
had gotten
all

scrambled while he slept and didn't look at
Fur of a Bear
and found
where a long table and chairs had been
their
set
base of one of the largest trees in the Forest.
It
on
time, saying "Don't
didn't rain.
sunny day. The

clean,
all like
the
Who Is Going to a Party.
Finally everyone was ready
ore arrived
151
It
blame me
way
up
to
at the
Even Keyif it
rains."
was, in fact, a beautiful, warm,
had washed everything

and the leaves shone as they nodded and flutearlier rains
tered in the soft, gentle breezes that whispered through
the Forest. Little spots of sunlight danced across the
which covered every inch of the table.

There was everything that Pooh had dreamed about
and more. There was even enough so that all of Rabbit's
friends-and-relations did not have to depend on What
Someone Might Carelessly Drop. There were specially
food,
succulent thistles fresh cut for Eeyore, haycorns for

Piglet, Extract of
bread,
Malt
for Tigger,
and condensed milk
and plenty of honey,
for everyone.
And
little
cake things with Pink Sugar icing, of course.
When they all had eaten nearly enough, and then

some more. The Stranger stood up and made a speech.
He told them nicely how much he appreciated their
contribution to his book.
"Contri
what?" asked Pooh.
"Hush," said Owl. "What you told him."
"Oh," said Pooh.
He
said
he was
sorry to be leaving, but that
he
Roger E. Allen
152
would come back to the Forest someday. Then The

Stranger thanked everyone by name, even Small, and
told them He Could Not Have Done It Without
Them.
Everyone clapped and then Eeyore and Owl both
began to make a speech
"Unaccustomed
least
it
didn't rain
own
to his
as
am
Owl
theandsame
Eeyore beginning "At
time;
at
starting
"
yet."
Since each was listening only
speech, they both continued, which
made
it
very difficult for those around the table to understand
what
either
one was
saying.
didn't really matter, however, because
It
it
was a
good time to have just a little smidgen more of your faWhatever. Pooh had two Mores of the little cake
vorite
things with Pink Sugar icing.
When
the Owl/Eeyore speech was over and every-
one had clapped enough. Pooh stood up.

"When you first came to the Forest," he said, looking at The Stranger, "I fear I was a Bear of Very Little
Management. Now I know a

and about what a manager should do in
Good Manager. You even very carefully
Brain, particularly about

little
about
it
order to be a
explained the 'Hows' so that
Pooh shook
his head. "I
could understand them."
have always had
difficulty
with
'Hows.' 'Whats' are not nearly as hard."

"Tiggers are Very
Good
at 'Hows,' " said
Tigger in a
muffled, faraway-under-the-table kind of voice.

"Yes," said Pooh,
wondering where Tigger had got-
Winnie -the "Pooh on Management

ten
to.
"But
understand
"Why
"It's
also think
why
is
understand a 'Why.'
manager
Uke when
went
my
think
Rabbit one day after
The
visiting
Stranger.
Stoutness Exercises in front of
the mirror. Because of Rabbit's hospitaUty,
much." Pooh patted
is."
a manager?" asked
had finished doing
153
his stomach.
"Almost
as
ate too
much
as
and when
I tried to go home, I got stuck in Rabwhich was wide enough going in but
too narrow when one wanted to come out."
"So what happened then?" asked The Stranger.
"Rabbit told me what the Trouble was."
today,
bit's
front door,
"The
"It all
fact
is,"
said Rabbit, "you're stuck."
comes," said Pooh crossly, "of not having front
doors big enough."

Roger E. Allen
154
comes," said Rabbit sternly, "of eating too much.
"It all
I
thought
at the time," said Rabbit, "only
didn't like to say
anything," said Rabbit, "that one o{ us was eating too
much,"
said Rabbit,
"Well, well,
shall
"and
knew
wasn't me," he said,
it
"
go and fetch Christopher Robin
Christopher Robin nodded.
"Then
"We shall
"How
one thing to be done," he

have to wait for you to get thin again."
there's only
said.
long does getting thin take?" asked Pooh anx-
iously.
"About
"But
a week,
should think."
weekV
can't stay here for a
"You can
stay here all right, silly old Bear.
you out which
is
It's
"We'll read to you," said Rabbit cheerfully.
hope
it
"And
"And I say, old fellow,

room in my house do you
won't snow," he added.
you're taking up a good deal of
mind
getting
so difficult."
if I
use your back legs as a towel-horse? Because,
mean, there they
are
doing nothingand
it
would be
on them."
"V^^t about meals?''
very convenient just to hang the towels
"A week!"
said
Pooh
gloomily.
"I'm afraid no meals," said Christopher Robin, "be-
cause of getting thin quicker. But
Bear began to
sigh,
cause he was so tightly

eye, as
he
we
will
read to you."
and then found he couldn't bestuck; and a tear rolled down his
said:
"Tlien would you read a Sustaining Book, such as would
help and comfort a
Wedged Bear
in
Great Tightness?"
So for a week Christopher Robin read that sort of

book at the North end oi Pooh, and Rabbit hung his
and in between Bear felt
washing on the South end
.

himself getting slenderer and slenderer.
And
155
at the
end
"
week Christopher Robin said, "Now!

So he took hold of Pooh's front paws and Rabbit
took hold of Christopher Robin, and all Rabbit's friends
and relations took hold of Rabbit, and they all pulled toof the
gether.
And
And
And
for a long
time Pooh only said "Oti;/"
''Oh.'"...
then,
all
of a sudden, he said 'Top!'' just as
if
cork were coming out of a bottle.
And Christopher Robin and Rabbit
and all Rabbit's

and relations went head-over-heels backwards
and on the top of them came Winnie-the-Pooh
friends
.
free!
"And
that's
why
manager
is,"
said
Pooh.
"To get you out of tight places when you eat too
much?" asked Eeyore.
"No," said Pooh. "To get everyone to pull together
in order to accomplish
an objective."
when everyone except Pooh and The

Stranger had gone home and all the cleaning up had
been done. The Stranger suggested that they take a litAfterward,
tle
walk to work
off
some of the
Fullness.
They walked along, not talking very much, except

things like "The pink icing was unusually good, wasn't
it?" and "Everyone made good speeches, didn't they?"
until at last they came to an enchanted place on the
very top of the Forest called Galleons Lap where Pooh
Roger E. Allen
156
had gone once before, a long time

pher Robin before he went away.
The
place was indeed enchanted.
set grass, quiet
ago, with Christo-
Its
and smooth and green.
floor
It
only place in the Forest where you could
y^<^
was close-
was
sit
still
down
the
care-

lessly,
without getting up again almost at once and
looking for someplace
No
else.
one could count the sixty-odd
rounded the glade in a
The
it
157
trees that sur-
circle. Sitting there,
Pooh and
Stranger could see the whole world spread out until
reached the sky.

In the enchanted place, everything seemed to be
very simple and easy to understand, even manage-
ment, and somehow, accomplishing anything that
ak
158
Roger E. Allen
one wanted
to accomplish did not appear to be at all
difficult.
Pooh
sat quietly, his
and thought about
all
back against one of the
that
The
trees,
Stranger and he had
talked about.
"Do you think
might?" he finally asked.
"Might what. Pooh?"
"Do you think

tant Bear since
might
Very Impor-
If
your book gets published,
is."
"Pooh, in
my
opinion,
gets published or not,
ways
become
helped you with a Very Important
Subject like Management?

that
really
will
it
doesn't matter
you always have been,
if
are,
be a Very, Very Important Bear."
"Oh," thought Pooh. "That
my book
sort of Bear!"
and
al-
X
which The Stranger Thinks About
Visiting the Forest, What Was Found
In
There, and
The
What Was
Brought Back
Stranger leaned back in his comfortable armchair,
which was placed at exactly the right distance from the

Very Nice Fire burning on the hearth. Outside it was a
rainy, blusterous sort of day that made the fire seem
even cozier and caused the flames to flare up from time
to time and then settle back and crackle quietly to itself.
One
might,
if
one had to be outdoors and struggle
with a turned-inside-out umbrella and cold rain

ling
down
this
was not a Friendly Day. But indoors, with
trick-
the back of a neck, be inclined to say that
work done,
a comforting fire,
an easy
all
your
chair, a little
something from the kitchen on the table beside you,
and a Very Good Book,
it
was a Perfect Day.
A day just
made to think and dream and maybe even nap a little.

The Stranger was thinking about the Forest where
160
Roger E. Allen
Winnie- the-Pooh and his friends lived. At first glance,

it seemed a far different world from our everyday one of
mind'boggling change, constant
and ephemeral morality.
insecurity, stress,
However, that
world
is
What
is
actually muc^
mor
could be
confrontations,
crises,
only the way
seemed. "Pooh's
it
Uke ours," The Stranger thought.

than to be caught in a
stressful
Horrible Heffalump Trap? Imagine the insecurity of be-
down
honey with no bee-tree in

sight or the unsettling change of having Strange Animals, who are generally regarded as one of the Fiercer
ing
to your last pot of
Animals, move into your neighborhood.

Visiting the Forest,
The
adventures could be used to
managerial
skills
their problems
ours.
The "Hows"
of the six functions
communicating; developing peo-
and measurement and
plicable to any field of endeavor
North
and emphasize
to perform are universal: Establishing
objectives; organizing;
ple; motivating;
illustrate
that could be applied equally well to
and
a manager needs
Stranger found that their
analysis are ap-
an Expotition
to the
Pole, business, the public sector, volunteer work,
professions, or one's private
life.
In the Forest, however, problems
somehow do not
complex or the consequences as serious as those

Hundred Acre Wood, there is
always the comforting thought that Christopher Robin
seem
we
as
face. Besides, in the
will
come along
to set things straight
In our society,
we
if
All Else
can't always count
on
Fails.
a Christo-
161
pher Robin standing in the wings waiting to help.
need to
ities,
rely
on our
own and
We
our collective talents, abil-
and resources. Excellent managers are needed, and
the need will be even greater in the future.
life
Having problems and difficulties is the nature of

and the reason we need excellent managers. Mas-
tery of the six functions of the manager's job will not
eliminate the problems, but
it
will ensure that
on the
journey through the Forest, there will be fewer gorse-
bushes and thistles along the way and ambushes will be
encountered
less frequently.
Those who strive for excellence will help us all to

meet the challenges the future will bring.
"So," The Stranger thought, "we should begin now.
It is
never too early to
start,
and every
can improve our performance
There
is
if
we
single
one of us
want to.
advance is
really
an old Chinese saying that 'Not to
to fall behind.'
now with Benjamin Franklin's checklist and

begin to move toward excellence as a manager."
The Stranger relaxed. He was comfortable with
"Start
what he had brought back from his visit to the Forest.

He knew that Pooh would wish everyone well in their
efforts to
improve.
And,
after all,
what could be more conducive to

success than to have on your side as guide and inspiration a V.I.B. like Winnie-the-Pooh?

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7

Very Important Bear

Very Important Subject

375 Hudson Street,

27 Wrights Lane, London

York 10014, U.S.A.

Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia

Penguin Books Ltd, Registered

Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England

published by Dutton, an imprint of Dutton Signet,

&. Stewart Inc.

Properties for the

use of illustrations by E. H. Shepard and quoted material by A. A. Milne.

Individual copyrights for text quotations and illustrations: Winnie-the-Pooh, copyright

copyright renewal 1954 by A. A. Milne.

The House At Pooh Comer, copyright 1928 by

renewal 1956 by A. A. Milne.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA:

which a very important bear and

his friends are introduced to a very important subject

Without limiting the

under copyright reserved above, no part of

reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmit-

any form, or by any means {electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,

or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright

the above publisher o{ this book.

three sons and their families:

Matt and Scottie

appreciation and thanks to those

who helped make

Winnie-the-Pooh, a Very Important Bear

Rachel Klayman and Matthew Carnicelli,

Joan Powers, Lisa Johnson, and others.

the managers, good and bad, with

learned from every one of you.

which Pooh Visits Owl in the Hundred Acre

which The Stranger, Pooh, and Rabbit Talk

Pooh, and Tigger Communicate

After a Fashion, Learn the Rules, and Pooh

Very Forgetful Bear

which Pooh Finally Sings His Manager Song,

bered, and Motivation, Delegation, and Leader-

Know How Much Honey He Has

which Pooh, Owl, and The Stranger Discuss

which Pooh and The Stranger Talk About

Horrible Heffalump Trap for Managers and

which The Stranger Comes

to the Forest for

the Last Time, a Party Is Held, Pooh Becomes a

which The Stranger Thinks About

What Was Found There, and What Was

Christopher Robin said:

doing best in the world, Pooh?"

'Well," said Pooh, ''what

a very good thing

best" and then he

was a moment just

which was better than when you were but he

didnt know what

Because although Eating Honey was

you were reading a good book, that moment might be

should raise your

what the book is about, how it