Analysesanddesignofatwo Storiedrcbuilding 140523063724 Phpapp02 PDF

Civil & Environmental Engineering Department
First semester -Term (131)

CE 315 Reinforced Concrete
Term project
Analyses and Design of a Two-Storied RC Building

Instructors: Dr.Mohammed Baluch
Dr.Mohammed Al-Osta
Prepped by: Mohammed Jamal Sandougah

ID# 200816060
Email: eng-kovo@hotmail.com
1|Page
Table of Contents
1.
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4
2.
Project Objectives and scope of work ................................................................................................... 4

2.1.
Description of Structure ................................................................................................................ 5
2.2.
Loads Calculation ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1.
2.3.
Slab Loads ............................................................................................................................. 7
Building Geometry...................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1.
Modeling Stages.................................................................................................................. 11
2.3.2.
Normal Structure ................................................................................................................. 11
2.3.3.
Full Structure Modeling ...................................................................................................... 14
2.4.
Loads Assigned ........................................................................................................................... 15
2.5.
Ribbed Slab Design..................................................................................................................... 17
2.6.
Beam Design ............................................................................................................................... 20
2.7.
Column Design ........................................................................................................................... 25
2.8.
Foundation Design ...................................................................................................................... 28
2.8.1.
Procedure ............................................................................................................................ 28
2.8.2.
Results ................................................................................................................................. 30
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 67
References ................................................................................................................................................... 68
2|Page
List of Figures
Figure 2-1: Side View of the Building .......................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2-2: Top View of the Building .......................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2-3: Top View of the Building with Direction of Load ..................................................................... 7
Figure 2-4: Minimum Thickness for One-Way Solid and Ribbed Slabs ...................................................... 8
Figure 2-5: Block Dimensions ...................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2-6: Ribbed Slab Dimensions ...................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2-7-1: Normal Structure (Front view) ............................................................................................. 11
Figure 2-7-2: Normal Structure (Side view) ............................................................................................... 12
Figure 2-8: Normal Structure (Top view) ................................................................................................... 13
Figure 2-9: Full Structure (3D Model) ....................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2-10: Load on Grade Beams ............................................................................................................ 13
Figure 2-11: Load on Parapet...................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 2-12: ACI Coefficients Conditions .................................................................................................. 17
Figure 2-13 : ACI Moment Coefficients (1) ............................................................................................... 18
Figure 2-14: ACI Moment Coefficients (2) ................................................................................................ 19
Figure 2-16: Critical Beam ......................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2-17: Moment diagrom of beam#200 .............................................................................................. 21
Figure 2-18: Steel arrangement of beam#200 (1) ....................................................................................... 21
Figure 2-19: Steel arrangement of beam#200 (2) ....................................................................................... 22
Figure 2-20: Shear Diagram for beam #200 ............................................................................................... 23
Figure 2-21: Specifications of shear reinforcement of beam #200 ............................................................. 24
Figure 2-22: Critical Column #127 ............................................................................................................. 25
Figure 2-23: Output of column#127 ........................................................................................................... 26
Figure 2-24: Footings distribution of Solid Slab Structure ......................................................................... 28
Figure 2-25: Concrete and Rebar Parameters ............................................................................................. 28
Figure 2-26: Cover and soil parameters ...................................................................................................... 29
Figure 2-27: Footing geometry parameters ................................................................................................. 29
Figure 2-28: Typical elevation section of footing ....................................................................................... 30
Figure 2-29: Typical plan section of footing .............................................................................................. 30
3|Page
1. Introduction
The design of the Two-story reinforced concrete structure entailed a number of steps
and calculations. Each section listed below describes one step in the process of the design.
Attached to the end of this report are sample hand calculations for each step in the design
process.
2. Project Objectives and scope of work

The main objectives revolved around the application of the theoretical background in
reinforced concrete design courses to design a full structure instead of elements (beam,
column, foundation and slab). Another objective of this project is to learn how to utilize the
AutoCAD drawing software and the (STAAD.Pro) software tools in the best manner which
would be time saving and practical in modeling, analyzing and designing the structure.
Moreover, the project would help the group in interpreting the architectural drawings of the
building which would be useful in future careers.
On the managerial side, the group will conduct cost estimations and comparisons study for all
alternatives which would help to improve the decision-making process and the quantity
surveying skills. In addition, the project will help the group in improving time-management
skills.
4|Page
2.1.
Description of Structure
Building comprises of two story reinforced concrete structure. Basic building dimensions
are as follows:
Building footprint: 13.5 m x 13.5 m.

Building height: Building height: 9.6 m.
STADD side and top view drawings of the Building are shown in Figure and Figure 2-2.
Figure 2-1: Said View
5|Page
Figure 2-2: Top View
6|Page
2.2.
Loads Calculation
2.2.1.
Slab Loads
a) Slab self weight
Since the ratio of long edge to the short edge of slab = =
= 0.7 the load will
transfer in the short direction as shown in Figure 2-3 and the design will assumed as one way
solid slab and the hidden square as flour slab.
UP
Figure 2-3: Top View of the Building with Direction of Load
7|Page
Minimum slab depth:

Following ACI-318-08 the minimum thickness for one-way solid slabs as shown in Figure 2-4
is 24 for one end continuous and 28 for both ends continuous.
Figure 2-4: Minimum Thickness for One-Way Solid and Ribbed Slabs
8|Page
One end continuous
=
24
Both ends continuous
5000
24
=
28
= 208.33
5000
28
= 178.57
Figure 2-5: Block Dimensions
Weight of Block:
No. of rib/m =
1
= 2 ribs
0.5
No. of blocks/2 = 2 5 = 10
The weight of blocks in one meter square of ribbed slab =
(Number of blocks) (weight of one block) (9.81)
9.81
kN
Weight of blocks/2 = 10 12 1000 = 1.2 2
Weight of ribs:
Each one meter of ribbed slab has two ribs as shown in Figure 2-6.
Weigh of = (width(b) depth(d) number of ribs) (density of concrete)
(length)
kN
Weight of ribs/2 = 2 0.1 0.2 25 = 1 2
9|Page
Weight of top slab (t):

Top slab weight = (minimum thickness depth of rib (d)) (density of concrete) (length)
kN
Weight of toping slab/m2 = 0.07 25 = 1.75 2
Self weight of the ribbed slab:

Self weight = (Weight of Block) + ( weight of rips) + ( Top mat weight)
kN
Self Weight of ribbed slab = 1 + 1.2 + 1.75 = 3.95 2
Figure 2-6: Ribbed Slab Dimensions
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2.3.
Building Geometry
According to the Architectural drawings, the building is mainly composed of a 13.5 m X

13.5 m rooms with main beams spanning over 5, 3.5 and 3 meters with a center-to-center of
column spacing of 5 and 3.5 meters. In addition, the building includes a rectangular bathroom
with a thickness of 0.15 meters and with area of10.5 2 .
2.3.1.
Modeling Stages
1. Draw the normal structure using STAAD.Pro software

2. Define section properties of the structure (columns, beams and slab)
2.3.2.
Normal Structure
Front view dimensions of the two structures are shown in Figure 2-7-1.
Figure 2-7-1: Normal Structure (Front view)
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Side view dimensions of the two structures are shown in Figure 2-7-2.
Figure 2-7-2: Normal Structure (Side view)
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Top view dimensions are shown in Figure 2-8 .
Figure 2-8: Normal Structure (Top view)
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2.3.3.
Full Structure Modeling
3D of the structure is shown in Figure 2-9.
Figure 2-9: Full Structure (3D Model)
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2.4.
Loads Assigned
Dead load on grade beam is 17.375
as shown in Figure 2-10.
Figure 2-10: Load on Grade Beams
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Dead load on parapet is 12.2
as shown in Figure 2-11.
Figure 2-11: Load on Parapet
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2.5.
Ribbed Slab Design
Using ACI-318-08 chapter 8.3.3, Check the ACI limits which is shown in Figure 2-12.
Figure 2-12: ACI Coefficients Conditions
All conditions are satisfied.
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Figure 2-13: ACI Moment Coefficients (1)
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3.5 m
5.0 m
2
24
2
14
2
10
2
11
2
16
2
11
Figure 2-15: ACI Moment Coefficients (2)
= 1.2() + 1.6()
= 1.2(6.95) + 1.6(2.5) = 12.34
Apply moment coefficients which are shown in Figure 2-15:

Equations used for calculations [1]:
1) = 2
2) =
3) = 0.85
4) =
1
(1
5) min =
but not less than
200
6) =
Bar #4
-12.85
-642.567
12.35294
0.001546
0.00142857
127.229616
1
12.34
5,3.5
40
420
22.035
1101.864
12.35294
0.002667
0.00142857
219.5190
2
KN/m
m
MPa
MPa
-30.85
-1542.65982
12.35294
0.003760
0.00142857
309.4606
3
0.3048
0.27
-13.75
-687.571
12.35294
0.0016539
0.00142857
136.1094
2
m
m
9.45
472.5489
12.35294
0.001133
0.00142857
117.5656
1
KN-m
KN/m2
-
19 | P a g e
2.6.
Beam Design
Critical beam found to be beam # 200 as shown in Figure 2-16.
Figure 2-16: Critical Beam
Checking the design of beam # 200

For main re-bars
Take cover = 0.04 , = 0.5 , = 0.2 , = 0.46
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From STAAD.pro analysis, max (-ve) moment
= 33.6. , = 3 4 122 = 339.3 2

Max (+ve) moment
= 10.6 . , = 3 4 122 = 339.3 2

As Shown in Figure .
Figure 2-17: Moment diagram of beam #200
Moment diagram of beam #200
Figure 2-18: Steel arrangement of beam#200 (1)
21 | P a g e
Figure 2-19: Steel arrangement of beam#200 (2)
Calculating moment capacity of the beam in compression and tension, then check it
with the applied moments.
Equations used [1]:
1)
= ( 2)

2) = 0.85
339.3420
= ( 2) , = 0.85 = 0.8540200 = 20.96
= 339.3 420 (460
20.96
2
) 1000 1000 = 64.059 .
339.3420
+ = ( 2) , = 0.85 = 0.8540200 = 20.96
+ = 339.3 420 (460
20.96
2
) 1000 1000 = 64.059 .
22 | P a g e
Check (-ve) moment:

= 0.9(64.059 ) = 57.65 > 33.6 . OK
Check (+ve) moment:
+ = 0.9(64.059 ) = 57.65 > 10.6 . OK
For Stirrups:
From STAAD.pro analysis and design the values of Vu, Vc and Vs as well as specifications of
shear reinforcement is shown below in Figure and Figure .
Figure 2-20: Shear Diagram for beam #200
23 | P a g e
Figure 2-21: Specifications of shear reinforcement of beam #200
Check:
= + = 0 + 98.7 = (0.75) 98.7 = 74.03
74.03 27.62 OK
> 37.01 > 27.62 OK
So, no need for stirrups.
24 | P a g e
2.7.
Column Design
Critical Column found to be beam # 127 as shown in Figure .
Figure 2-22: Critical Column #127
The column output given by STAAD.pro for column # 127 is shown in the
following table and Figure .
SI Unit
English Unit
18.03
4.1
125.14 . 1107.6 .
11.96 .
105.9 .
13.78
0.263 2
407.7 2
29.5
3176 2
4.923 2
40
5.8
420
60.9
0.04
1.57
25 | P a g e
Figure 2-23: Output of column#127
To check the column reinforcement, checking whether the column is short or long should be
done first. If the column is long the effect of slenderness should be taken in consideration, if
not, no need to consider the effects of slenderness.
Slendernen ratio
Check:
Since the structure is braced frame if
34 12 2 it is short column, otherwise it is
long column.
34 12
1
11.96
= 34 12
= 32.85
2
125.14
Since the column both fixed ends = 1

= 3.5
3
0.750 0.3503
=
=
=
= 0.101
12
12(0.750)(0.350)
1(3.5)
0.101
= 34.7 > 33.73, so it is long column.
2 . 13.78 2 1.57
=
= 0.77
13.78
Since that the column has biaxial moments acting on it, the equivalent eccentricity method
will be applied.
26 | P a g e
Equations used:
87000
+87000
87000
60.9+87000
29.5 = 29.48
= = 0.85 29.48 = 25.1
= 0.85 = 0.85 5.8 13.78 25.1 = 1705

= = 4.9 60.9 = 298.4
=
29.51.57
29.5
0.003 = 0.0028 >
= ( 0.85 ) = 4.9 (60.9 0.85 5.8) = 274.3

= + = 1705 + 274.3 298.4 = 1680.9
= 1705 (10.64
1462.49
1680.9
25.1
2
) + 274.3(10.64 2.4) + 298.4(10.64 2.4) = 1462.49
= 10.4
27 | P a g e
2.8.
Foundation Design
Foundations design was done using STAAD.foundation software.

2.8.1.
Procedure
1) Analyze the structure using STAAD.pro.

2) Import STAAD.pro file into STAAD.foundation. Figure shows the distribution
of isolated footings.
Figure 2-24: Footings distribution of Solid Slab Structure
3) Define concrete and rebar parameters as shown in Figure :
Figure 2-25: Concrete and Rebar Parameters
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4) Define cover and soil parameters as shown in Figure 2-26:
Figure 2-26: Cover and soil parameters
5) Define footing geometry parameters as shown in Figure :
Figure 2-27: Footing geometry parameters
29 | P a g e
2.8.2.
Results
Below are two tables of footings sizes and reinforcement. Typical steel arrangement
and footing sizes are shown in Figure 2-28 and Figure 2-29.
Figure 2-28: Typical elevation section of footing
Figure 2-29: Typical plan section of footing
30 | P a g e
Foundation geometry for shear wall
Isolated Footing 21
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Input Values
Footing Geomtery
Footing Thickness (Ft) : 500.00 mm
Footing Length - X (Fl) : 1000.00 mm
Footing Width - Z (Fw) : 1000.00 mm
Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.00 mm
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.00 mm
Column Dimensions
Column Rectangular
Shape :
Column 0.75 m
Length - X
(Pl) :
Column 0.35 m
Width - Z
(Pw) :
Pedestal
Include No
Pedestal?
Pedestal N/A
Shape :
Pedestal N/A
Height (Ph) :
Pedestal N/A
Length - X
(Pl) :
Pedestal N/A
Width - Z
(Pw) :
32 | P a g e
Design Parameters
Concrete and Rebar Properties
Unit Weight of Concrete : 25.000 kN/m3
Strength of Concrete : 25.000 N/mm2
Yield Strength of Steel : 415.000 N/mm2
Minimum Bar Size : # 6
Maximum Bar Size : # 40
Minimum Bar Spacing : 50.00 mm
Maximum Bar Spacing : 500.00 mm
Pedestal Clear Cover (P, CL) : 50.00 mm
Footing Clear Cover (F, CL) : 50.00 mm
Soil Properties
Soil Type : UnDrained
Unit Weight : 22.00 kN/m3
Soil Bearing Capacity : 200.00 kN/m2
Soil Surcharge : 0.00 kN/m2
Depth of Soil above Footing : 0.00 mm
Undrained Shear Strength : 0.00 N/mm2
Sliding and Overturning

Coefficient of Friction : 0.50
Factor of Safety Against Sliding : 1.50
Factor of Safety Against Overturning : 1.50
------------------------------------------------------
33 | P a g e
Design Calculations
Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.00 m
Initial Width (Wo) = 1.00 m
Applied Loads - Allowable Stress Level

LC
Axial
(kN)
Shear X
(kN)
Shear Z
(kN)
Moment X
(kNm)
Moment Z
(kNm)
74.877
99.102
5.015
1.482
-348.409
-279.122
-0.531
137.333
17.802
0.941
-67.530
-185.540
-5.085
-1.439
488.882
281.613
0.436
-82.371
-13.372
-0.766
203.757
-6.409
-1.239
2.688
6.289
10
16.648
-2.920
-0.046
0.267
2.133
11
285.260
-8.973
-1.735
3.763
8.804
12
271.146
-12.363
-1.561
3.654
10.959
13
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
14
304.410
71.590
2.525
4.412
-271.181
15
21.211
-8.116
108.379
17.467
8.299
16
190.484
-156.123
-5.555
2.075
398.652
17
469.799
-7.343
-67.384
-7.472
6.934
18
380.960
147.952
6.491
5.865
-547.775
19
-185.438
-11.461
218.200
31.977
11.185
20
153.108
-307.475
-9.669
1.191
791.890
21
711.737
-9.914
-133.327
-17.902
8.455
22
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
23
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
24
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
25
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
26
303.185
152.795
6.909
4.791
-551.795
27
-263.213
-6.618
218.618
30.903
7.166
28
75.333
-302.632
-9.251
0.117
787.871
29
633.962
-5.072
-132.909
-18.976
4.435
30
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
31
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
32
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
33
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
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Applied Loads - Strength Level

LC
Axial
(kN)
Shear X
(kN)
Shear Z
(kN)
Moment X
(kNm)
Moment Z
(kNm)
74.877
99.102
5.015
1.482
-348.409
-279.122
-0.531
137.333
17.802
0.941
-67.530
-185.540
-5.085
-1.439
488.882
281.613
0.436
-82.371
-13.372
-0.766
203.757
-6.409
-1.239
2.688
6.289
10
16.648
-2.920
-0.046
0.267
2.133
11
285.260
-8.973
-1.735
3.763
8.804
12
271.146
-12.363
-1.561
3.654
10.959
13
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
14
304.410
71.590
2.525
4.412
-271.181
15
21.211
-8.116
108.379
17.467
8.299
16
190.484
-156.123
-5.555
2.075
398.652
17
469.799
-7.343
-67.384
-7.472
6.934
18
380.960
147.952
6.491
5.865
-547.775
19
-185.438
-11.461
218.200
31.977
11.185
20
153.108
-307.475
-9.669
1.191
791.890
21
711.737
-9.914
-133.327
-17.902
8.455
22
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
23
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
24
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
25
261.157
-10.611
-1.533
3.493
9.679
26
303.185
152.795
6.909
4.791
-551.795
27
-263.213
-6.618
218.618
30.903
7.166
28
75.333
-302.632
-9.251
0.117
787.871
29
633.962
-5.072
-132.909
-18.976
4.435
30
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
31
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
32
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
33
183.381
-5.768
-1.115
2.419
5.660
Reduction of force due to buoyancy = -0.00 kN

Effect due to adhesion = 0.00 kN
Min. area required from bearing pressure, Amin =
Area from initial length and width, Ao =
P / qmax = 3.621 m2
Lo * Wo = 1.00 m2
35 | P a g e
Final Footing Size

Length (L2) =
8.60 m
Governing Load Case :
# 28
Width (W2) =
8.60 m
# 28
Depth (D2) =
0.50 m
# 28
Area (A2) = 73.96 m2
Pressures at Four Corners
Load Case
Pressure at
corner 1
(q1)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 2
(q2)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 3
(q3)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 4
(q4)
(kN/m^2)
Area of footing
in uplift (Au)
(m2)
20
23.4557
5.6150
5.6837
23.5244
-0.0000
21
21.4516
21.1986
22.7940
23.0471
-0.0000
21
21.4516
21.1986
22.7940
23.0471
-0.0000
18
23.4297
11.6994
11.8712
23.6015
-0.0000
If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary. Otherwise,

to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure will be set to zero and the pressure
will be redistributed to remaining corners.
Summary of Adjusted Pressures at 4 corners Four Corners
Load Case
Pressure at
corner 1 (q1)
Pressure at
corner 2 (q2)
Pressure at
corner 3 (q3)
Pressure at
corner 4 (q4)
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
36 | P a g e
20
23.4557
5.6150
5.6837
23.5244
21
21.4516
21.1986
22.7940
23.0471
21
21.4516
21.1986
22.7940
23.0471
18
23.4297
11.6994
11.8712
23.6015
Adjust footing size if necessary.
Check for stability against overturning and sliding
Factor of safety against sliding
Factor of safety against overturning
Load Case
No.
Along XDirection
Along ZDirection
About XDirection
About ZDirection
5.042
99.634
1077.012
10.798
607.904
2.350
32.092
2299.745
2.309
84.264
925.514
6.335
1384.520
7.321
95.058
5274.047
88.014
455.234
2345.246
511.025
10
161.146
10206.828
16563.146
1126.246
11
67.409
348.657
1796.190
391.387
12
48.353
383.021
1789.319
299.929
37 | P a g e
13
55.866
386.674
1869.768
340.213
14
8.583
243.336
931.256
17.213
15
58.261
4.363
56.748
329.068
16
3.571
100.358
6821.752
10.057
17
94.942
10.346
145.646
565.310
18
4.412
100.556
616.140
9.028
19
32.242
1.693
22.525
187.861
20
1.752
55.724
1271.710
4.900
21
82.517
6.136
83.198
524.584
22
55.866
386.674
1869.768
340.213
23
55.866
386.674
1869.768
340.213
24
55.866
386.674
1869.768
340.213
25
55.866
386.674
1869.768
340.213
26
4.017
88.846
640.209
8.403
27
49.961
1.512
20.279
271.454
28
1.652
54.037
953.567
4.577
29
153.646
5.863
78.441
961.341
30
96.027
496.681
2558.767
557.551
31
96.027
496.681
2558.767
557.551
32
96.027
496.681
2558.767
557.551
33
96.027
496.681
2558.767
557.551
Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning And
Sliding - X Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along X-Direction : 28
Governing Disturbing Force : -302.632 kN
Governing Restoring Force : 499.900 kN
Minimum Sliding Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 1.652
Critical Load Case for Overturning about X-Direction : 27
Governing Overturning Moment : 140.210 kNm
Governing Resisting Moment : 2843.342 kNm
Minimum Overturning Ratio for the Critical Load Case : 20.279
38 | P a g e
Sliding - Z Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Z-Direction : 27
Governing Disturbing Force : 218.618 kN
Critical Load Case for Overturning about Z-Direction : 28
Shear Calculation
Punching Shear Check
Total Footing Depth, D = 0.50m

Calculated Effective Depth, deff =
D - Ccover - 1.0 = 0.42 m

39 | P a g e
For rectangular column,
Bcol / Dcol = 2.14
Effective depth, deff, increased until 0.75*Vc
Punching Shear Force
Punching Shear Force, Vu = 702.98 kN, Load Case # 21

From ACI Cl.11.12.2.1, bo for column=
3.90 m
Equation 11-33, Vc1 =
2657.25 kN
4368.42 kN
2748.88 kN
Punching shear strength, Vc =
0.75 * minimum of (Vc1, Vc2, Vc3) =
1992.94 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK
One-Way Shear Check

Along X Direction
From ACI Cl.11.3.1.1, Vc =

Distance along Z to design for shear, Dz =
3032.06 kN
4.90 m
40 | P a g e
Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vux where Vux is the shear force for the critical load cases at a
distance deff from the face of the column caused by bending about the X axis.
From above calculations,
0.75 * Vc =
Critical load case for Vux is # 21
2274.05 kN
320.71 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vux hence, OK
Along Z Direction
3032.06 kN
Distance along X to design for shear, Dx =
3.50 m
Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vuz where Vuz is the shear force for the critical load cases at
a distance deff from the face of the column caused by bending about the Z axis.
0.75 * Vc =
2274.05 kN
41 | P a g e
Critical load case for Vuz is # 21
291.95 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vuz hence, OK
Design for Flexure about Z axis
Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing. Find the
area of steel required, A, as per Section 3.8 of Reinforced Concrete Design (5th ed.)
by Salmon and Wang (Ref. 1)
Critical Load Case # 21
The strength values of steel and concrete used in the formulae are in ksi
Factor
from ACI Cl.10.2.7.3
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
From ACI Cl. 10.3.2,
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
From Ref. 1, Eq. 3.8.4a, constant m =
19.53
42 | P a g e
Calculate reinforcement ratio for critical load case

Design for flexure about Z axis is
performed at the face of the column at
a distance, Dx =
3.93 m
Ultimate moment,
643.30 kNm
Nominal moment capacity, Mn =
714.78 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
10.19 in2
Area of Steel Required, As =
Find suitable bar arrangement between minimum and maximum rebar

sizes
Available development length for bars, DL =
Try bar size
#8
3875.00 mm
Area of one bar =
Number of bars required, Nbar =
0.08 in2
131
Because the number of bars is rounded up, make sure new reinforcement
ratio < max
Total reinforcement area, As_total =
Nbar * (Area of one bar) =
deff = D - Ccover - 0.5 * (dia. of one bar) =

Reinforcement ratio, =
From ACI Cl.7.6.1, minimum req'd clear max (Diameter of one bar, 1.0, Min.
distance between bars, Cd =
User Spacing) =
10.21 in2
0.45 m
0.00172
65.32 mm
Check to see if width is sufficient to accomodate bars
43 | P a g e
Design for Flexure about X axis
Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing. Find the
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
From ACI Cl.7.12.2,
0.00180
19.53

Design for flexure about X axis is
a distance, Dz =
Ultimate moment,
4.47 m
743.82 kNm
44 | P a g e
826.46 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
10.00 in2

sizes
Try bar size
#8
4075.00 mm
Area of one bar =
0.08 in2
129
ratio < max

User Spacing) =
10.05 in2
0.42 m
0.00179
58.34 mm
Bending moment for uplift cases will be calculated based solely on selfweight, soil
depth and surcharge loading.
As the footing size has already been determined based on all servicebility load cases,
and design moment calculation is based on selfweight, soil depth and surcharge
only, top reinforcement value for all pure uplift load cases will be the same.
45 | P a g e
Design For Top Reinforcement About Z Axis

Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing.
Find the area of steel required
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53

Design for flexure about A axis is
a distance, Dx =
4.13 m
Ultimate moment,
0.00 kNm
0.00 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
10.00 in2

sizes
46 | P a g e
Design For Top Reinforcement About X Axis

First load case to be in pure uplift # 0
Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing.
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
From ACI Cl.7.12.2,
0.00180
19.53

a distance, Dx =
3.93 m
Ultimate moment,
0.00 kNm
0.00 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
10.19 in2

sizes
47 | P a g e
Foundation geometry
Isolated Footing 22
48 | P a g e
Input Values
Footing Geomtery
Footing Thickness (Ft) : 500.00 mm
Footing Length - X (Fl) : 1000.00 mm
Footing Width - Z (Fw) : 1000.00 mm
Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.00 mm
Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.00 mm
Column Dimensions
Column Rectangular
Shape :
Column 0.35 m
Length - X
(Pl) :
Column 0.75 m
Width - Z
(Pw) :
Pedestal
Include No
Pedestal?
Pedestal N/A
Shape :
Pedestal N/A
Height (Ph) :
Pedestal N/A
Length - X
(Pl) :
Pedestal N/A
Width - Z
(Pw) :
Design Parameters
Concrete and Rebar Properties
49 | P a g e
Unit Weight of Concrete : 25.000 kN/m3

Strength of Concrete : 25.000 N/mm2
Yield Strength of Steel : 415.000 N/mm2
Minimum Bar Size : # 6
Maximum Bar Size : # 40
Minimum Bar Spacing : 50.00 mm
Maximum Bar Spacing : 500.00 mm
Pedestal Clear Cover (P, CL) : 50.00 mm
Footing Clear Cover (F, CL) : 50.00 mm
Soil Properties
Soil Type : UnDrained
Unit Weight : 22.00 kN/m3
Soil Bearing Capacity : 200.00 kN/m2
Soil Surcharge : 0.00 kN/m2
Depth of Soil above Footing : 0.00 mm
Undrained Shear Strength : 0.00 N/mm2
Sliding and Overturning

Coefficient of Friction : 0.50
Factor of Safety Against Sliding : 1.50
Factor of Safety Against Overturning : 1.50
------------------------------------------------------
50 | P a g e
Design Calculations
Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 1.00 m
Initial Width (Wo) = 1.00 m
Applied Loads - Allowable Stress Level

LC
Axial
(kN)
Shear X
(kN)
Shear Z
(kN)
Moment X
(kNm)
Moment Z
(kNm)
143.492
39.564
0.810
2.667
-89.934
-51.735
-0.158
133.489
212.281
0.228
-161.307
-116.049
-0.540
-1.791
131.958
51.575
0.137
-59.207
-172.287
-0.191
295.056
5.351
-7.561
-5.781
-4.472
10
44.544
3.108
0.009
0.022
-2.647
11
413.078
7.491
-10.585
-8.094
-6.261
12
425.337
11.393
-9.058
-6.903
-9.602
13
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
14
468.860
38.072
-8.425
-4.804
-77.314
15
312.678
6.294
97.718
162.887
-5.184
16
225.021
-86.419
-9.505
-8.370
100.199
17
395.327
6.530
-56.439
-144.767
-5.519
18
628.197
72.830
-7.768
-2.648
-151.908
19
315.834
9.275
204.519
332.734
-7.648
20
140.520
-176.150
-9.928
-9.781
203.118
21
481.131
9.747
-103.795
-282.574
-8.319
22
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
23
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
24
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
25
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
26
495.137
68.117
-5.509
-0.935
-147.920
27
182.774
4.562
206.778
334.446
-3.660
28
7.459
-180.863
-7.669
-8.068
207.107
29
348.070
5.034
-101.536
-280.861
-4.330
30
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
31
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
32
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
33
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
51 | P a g e
Applied Loads - Strength Level

LC
Axial
(kN)
Shear X
(kN)
Shear Z
(kN)
Moment X
(kNm)
Moment Z
(kNm)
143.492
39.564
0.810
2.667
-89.934
-51.735
-0.158
133.489
212.281
0.228
-161.307
-116.049
-0.540
-1.791
131.958
51.575
0.137
-59.207
-172.287
-0.191
295.056
5.351
-7.561
-5.781
-4.472
10
44.544
3.108
0.009
0.022
-2.647
11
413.078
7.491
-10.585
-8.094
-6.261
12
425.337
11.393
-9.058
-6.903
-9.602
13
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
14
468.860
38.072
-8.425
-4.804
-77.314
15
312.678
6.294
97.718
162.887
-5.184
16
225.021
-86.419
-9.505
-8.370
100.199
17
395.327
6.530
-56.439
-144.767
-5.519
18
628.197
72.830
-7.768
-2.648
-151.908
19
315.834
9.275
204.519
332.734
-7.648
20
140.520
-176.150
-9.928
-9.781
203.118
21
481.131
9.747
-103.795
-282.574
-8.319
22
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
23
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
24
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
25
398.611
9.529
-9.064
-6.916
-8.014
26
495.137
68.117
-5.509
-0.935
-147.920
27
182.774
4.562
206.778
334.446
-3.660
28
7.459
-180.863
-7.669
-8.068
207.107
29
348.070
5.034
-101.536
-280.861
-4.330
30
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
31
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
32
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
33
265.550
4.816
-6.805
-5.203
-4.025
52 | P a g e
Reduction of force due to buoyancy = -0.00 kN

Effect due to adhesion = 0.00 kN
Min. area required from bearing pressure, Amin =
P / qmax = 3.203 m2
Area from initial length and width, Ao =
Lo * Wo = 1.00 m2
Final Footing Size

Length (L2) =
6.55 m
# 28
Width (W2) =
6.55 m
# 28
Depth (D2) =
0.50 m
# 28
Area (A2) = 42.90 m2
Pressures at Four Corners
Load Case
Pressure at
corner 1
(q1)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 2
(q2)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 3
(q3)
(kN/m^2)
Pressure at
corner 4
(q4)
(kN/m^2)
Area of footing
in uplift (Au)
(m2)
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
-0.0000
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
-0.0000
21
16.8542
16.2908
30.5740
31.1373
-0.0000
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
-0.0000
If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary. Otherwise,

to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure will be set to zero and the pressure
will be redistributed to remaining corners.
53 | P a g e
Summary of Adjusted Pressures at 4 corners Four Corners

Pressure at
corner 1 (q1)
Pressure at
corner 2 (q2)
Pressure at
corner 3 (q3)
Pressure at
corner 4 (q4)
Load Case
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2)
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
21
16.8542
16.2908
30.5740
31.1373
18
31.0236
22.9815
23.2604
31.3025
Adjust footing size if necessary.
Check for stability against overturning and sliding
Factor of safety against sliding
Factor of safety against overturning
Load Case
No.
Along XDirection
Along ZDirection
About XDirection
About ZDirection
8.591
419.533
724.576
20.290
1528.905
1.815
5.687
5158.545
1.616
347.159
595.886
6.464
54 | P a g e
2152.745
4.964
9.536
7438.992
77.684
54.975
284.738
380.895
10
93.442
31772.244
72461.427
452.804
11
63.366
44.843
232.259
310.693
12
42.200
53.078
275.476
205.850
13
49.056
51.572
267.451
239.604
14
13.200
59.652
365.102
34.164
15
67.440
4.344
13.130
333.715
16
4.405
40.046
189.993
17.385
17
71.331
8.253
17.637
347.314
18
7.994
74.956
583.845
20.250
19
45.935
2.083
6.415
227.138
20
1.921
34.085
150.320
7.612
21
52.190
4.901
9.962
252.570
22
49.056
51.572
267.451
239.604
23
49.056
51.572
267.451
239.604
24
49.056
51.572
267.451
239.604
25
49.056
51.572
267.451
239.604
26
7.571
93.618
915.493
18.561
27
78.806
1.739
5.378
396.381
28
1.503
35.450
149.604
5.985
29
87.835
4.355
8.733
422.980
30
83.252
58.916
305.147
408.195
31
83.252
58.916
305.147
408.195
32
83.252
58.916
305.147
408.195
33
83.252
58.916
305.147
408.195
Sliding - X Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along X-Direction : 28
Governing Disturbing Force : -180.863 kN
55 | P a g e
Critical Load Case for Overturning about X-Direction : 27

Sliding - Z Direction
Critical Load Case for Sliding along Z-Direction : 27
Governing Disturbing Force : 206.778 kN
Critical Load Case for Overturning about Z-Direction : 28
56 | P a g e
Shear Calculation
Punching Shear Check
Total Footing Depth, D = 0.50m

Calculated Effective Depth, deff =
For rectangular column,
D - Ccover - 1.0 = 0.42 m

Bcol / Dcol = 2.14
Effective depth, deff, increased until 0.75*Vc
Punching Shear Force
Punching Shear Force, Vu = 614.87 kN, Load Case # 18

From ACI Cl.11.12.2.1, bo for column=
3.90 m
2657.25 kN
4368.42 kN
2748.88 kN
Punching shear strength, Vc =
0.75 * minimum of (Vc1, Vc2, Vc3) =
1992.94 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK
57 | P a g e
One-Way Shear Check

Along X Direction
2309.30 kN
Distance along Z to design for shear, Dz =
4.07 m
Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vux where Vux is the shear force for the critical load cases at a
distance deff from the face of the column caused by bending about the X axis.
Critical load case for Vux is # 21
0.75 * Vc =
1731.98 kN
253.86 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vux hence, OK
58 | P a g e
Along Z Direction
2309.30 kN
Distance along X to design for shear, Dx =
2.68 m
Check that 0.75 * Vc > Vuz where Vuz is the shear force for the critical load cases at
a distance deff from the face of the column caused by bending about the Z axis.
Critical load case for Vuz is # 18
0.75 * Vc =
1731.98 kN
298.27 kN
0.75 * Vc > Vuz hence, OK
59 | P a g e
Design for Flexure about Z axis
Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing. Find the
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53

Design for flexure about Z axis is
a distance, Dx =
Ultimate moment,
3.10 m
547.42 kNm
60 | P a g e
608.24 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
7.76 in2

sizes
Try bar size
#8
3050.00 mm
Area of one bar =
0.08 in2
100
ratio < max

User Spacing) =
7.79 in2
0.45 m
0.00172
65.07 mm
61 | P a g e
Design for Flexure about X axis
Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing. Find the
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
From ACI Cl.7.12.2,
0.00180
19.53

Design for flexure about X axis is
a distance, Dz =
Ultimate moment,
3.65 m
447.60 kNm
62 | P a g e
497.34 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
7.61 in2

sizes
Try bar size
#8
2850.00 mm
Area of one bar =
0.08 in2
98
ratio < max

User Spacing) =
7.64 in2
0.42 m
0.00178
58.41 mm
Bending moment for uplift cases will be calculated based solely on selfweight, soil
depth and surcharge loading.
As the footing size has already been determined based on all servicebility load cases,
and design moment calculation is based on selfweight, soil depth and surcharge
only, top reinforcement value for all pure uplift load cases will be the same.
Design For Top Reinforcement About Z Axis

Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the X direction of the footing.
63 | P a g e
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
0.00180
19.53

a distance, Dx =
2.90 m
Ultimate moment,
0.00 kNm
0.00 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
7.61 in2

sizes
64 | P a g e
Design For Top Reinforcement About X Axis

First load case to be in pure uplift # 0
Calculate the flexural reinforcement along the Z direction of the footing.
Factor
for Fc'
4 ksi,
0.85
0.02573
0.01929
From ACI Cl.7.12.2,
0.00180
19.53

a distance, Dx =
3.10 m
Ultimate moment,
0.00 kNm
0.00 kNm
Required =
0.00180
Since
OK
7.76 in2

sizes
65 | P a g e
Conclusion
I had the opportunity to learn how to use STAAD Pro software to analyze and design
two-way solid slab as well as one-way ribbed slab. Also, a hand calculation check on analysis
of the results of typical structural members gave us knowledge about checking the adequacy
of design to meet the criteria set by codes of practice. Furthermore, i was exposed to STAAD
Pro Foundation Software, which gave us new ideas about designing the foundations of a
building.
Additionally, in CE 315 project i had the chance to design a beam, column and foundation.
66 | P a g e
References
ACI Committee. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08)
and Commentary. Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute, 2008.
JAMES, K WIGHT and G MACGREGOR JAMES. REINFORCED CONCRETE

Mechanics and Design. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2012.
67 | P a g e

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Civil & Environmental Engineering Department

First semester -Term (131)

Analyses and Design of a Two-Storied RC Building

Prepped by: Mohammed Jamal Sandougah

Project Objectives and scope of work ................................................................................................... 4

Description of Structure ................................................................................................................ 5

Loads Calculation ......................................................................................................................... 7

Slab Loads ............................................................................................................................. 7

Normal Structure ................................................................................................................. 11

Full Structure Modeling ...................................................................................................... 14

Loads Assigned ........................................................................................................................... 15

Ribbed Slab Design..................................................................................................................... 17

Beam Design ............................................................................................................................... 20

Column Design ........................................................................................................................... 25

Foundation Design ...................................................................................................................... 28

Figure 2-1: Side View of the Building .......................................................................................................... 5

2. Project Objectives and scope of work

Building footprint: 13.5 m x 13.5 m.

Figure 2-1: Said View

Figure 2-2: Top View

a) Slab self weight

Since the ratio of long edge to the short edge of slab = =

= 0.7 the load will

Figure 2-3: Top View of the Building with Direction of Load

Minimum slab depth:

is 24 for one end continuous and 28 for both ends continuous.

One end continuous

Both ends continuous

Figure 2-5: Block Dimensions

Weight of blocks/2 = 10 12 1000 = 1.2 2

Weight of ribs/2 = 2 0.1 0.2 25 = 1 2

Weight of top slab (t):

Weight of toping slab/m2 = 0.07 25 = 1.75 2

Self weight of the ribbed slab:

Self Weight of ribbed slab = 1 + 1.2 + 1.75 = 3.95 2

Figure 2-6: Ribbed Slab Dimensions

According to the Architectural drawings, the building is mainly composed of a 13.5 m X

1. Draw the normal structure using STAAD.Pro software

Figure 2-7-1: Normal Structure (Front view)

Figure 2-7-2: Normal Structure (Side view)

Top view dimensions are shown in Figure 2-8 .

Figure 2-8: Normal Structure (Top view)

Full Structure Modeling

3D of the structure is shown in Figure 2-9.

Figure 2-9: Full Structure (3D Model)

Dead load on grade beam is 17.375

as shown in Figure 2-10.

Figure 2-10: Load on Grade Beams

Dead load on parapet is 12.2

as shown in Figure 2-11.

Figure 2-11: Load on Parapet

Ribbed Slab Design

Figure 2-12: ACI Coefficients Conditions

All conditions are satisfied.

Figure 2-13: ACI Moment Coefficients (1)

Figure 2-15: ACI Moment Coefficients (2)

Apply moment coefficients which are shown in Figure 2-15:

but not less than

Critical beam found to be beam # 200 as shown in Figure 2-16.

Figure 2-16: Critical Beam

Checking the design of beam # 200

From STAAD.pro analysis, max (-ve) moment

= 33.6. , = 3 4 122 = 339.3 2