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Chapter 2 Open Source Concepts


Q1. What is a Free Software ?
Ans. Free Software means the software is free accessible and can be freely used, changed, improved,
copied and distributed by all who wish to do so. No payments are needed to made a free software.
Q2. What is a Open Source Software (OSS) ?
Ans. Open source software can be free used but it does not have to be free of charge. the company
constructing business models around open source software may receive payments. The source code is
freely available to the user.
Q3. What is FOSS ?
ans. A software which is free as well as open belongs to the category FOSS (Free and Open Source
Software)
Q4. What is FLOSS ?
Ans. FLOSS refers to Free Libre and Open Source Software. it is both free software as well as open source
software.
Q5. What is GNU ?
Ans. GNU refers to GNU's Not Unix. It was a project initiated by Richard M Stallman with the objective to
create a system compatible to Unix but not identical with it.
Q6. What is FSF ?
Ans. FSF refers to Free Software Foundation. It is a non profit organization created for the purpose of
supporting free software movement. It was founded by Richard Stallman in 1985 to support GNU
project.
Q7. What is OSI ?
Ans. OSI is Open Source Initiative. it is an organization dedicated to cause of promoting open source
software. it as founded by Bruce perens and Erics Raymond in 1998.

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Q8. What is W3C ?
Ans. W3C is an acronym for World Wide Web Consortium. it is responsible for producing the software
standards for world wide web.
Q9. What is a Proprietary Software ?
Ans. It is a software that is niether open nor free available. its use is regulated and further distribution
and modification is either forbidden or requires special permission by the supplier. Source code of this
software is normally not available.
Q10. What is Freeware ?
Ans. Freeware and Free software are two different things. Freeware are the software, which permit
redistribution but not modification and thier source code is not available. These packages are not free
software , so we can't use freeware to refer to a free software.
Q11. What is Shareware ?
Ans. Shareware is a software which is made available with the right to redistribute copies, but it is
stipulated that if one intends to use the software, often after a certain period of time, then a licence fee
should be paid. source code and modifications are not available in shareware.
Q12. What is Linux ?
Ans. Linux is a free and open source operating system developed by linus torvalds.
Q13. What is mozilla ?
Ans. It is a free cross platform internet software that includes
a. a web browser
b. a email client
c. an HTML editor
d. IRC (Internet Relay Chat) Client
Q14. What is Apache Server
Ans. It is a open source web server available for many platforms.
Q15. What is MySql ?
Ans. It is one of the most popular open source database system in the world. it is available under GNUGPL and can work on many platforms.
Q16. What is PostgreSql ?
Ans. It is a free object relational database server released under the flexible BSD style license.
Q17. What is Pango ?
Ans. IT provides an open source framework for the layout and rendering of internationalized text.

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Q18. What is Openoffice ?
Ans. It is an Office Application Suite just like Microsoft Office for Windows. It is a free software and is
available for Windows. Unix and Mac OS.
Q19. What is Tomcat ?
Ans. It is also a web server specifically developed by Sun Microsystems for java.
Q20. What is PHP ?
Ans. PHP refers to Hypertext Preprocessor.It is a widely used open source programming language
primarily used for creating server side applications. it is currently a popular programming language for
web programming.
Q21. What is Python.
Ans. It is a popular interactive programming language developed for creating webscripts.
Q22. How Many types of standards are there ?
Ans. There are two types of standards
a. Proprietary Standards

b. Open Standards

Q23. What are Proprietary standards ?


Ans. These are the standards for which users have to buy license to use them. thier specification is not
publically available.
Q24. What are Open Standards ?
Ans. Open Standards are those standards which guarantee that data can be exchanged across platforms
and applications even as technologies change. These standards are publicly and free available without
any restrictions.
Q25. Write Down Few Common Open Standard Formats ?
Ans.
1. ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
2. HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
3. ODF - Open Document Format for Office Application.
4. JPEG - Joint Photographic Expert Group (most efficient Picture lossy compression format)
5. PNG - Portable Network Graphic (Popular Image Format and alternative to GIF)
6. SVG - Scalable Vector Graphic (Popular for Vector Graphics)
7. OGG - It is a open source lossy audio compression format (Freely available for audio streaming).
8. FLAC - Free Lossless Audio Codec (lossless compression formation for audio)

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Q26. What is ASCII ?
Ans. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a 7 bit code which is
capable of representing 128 characters in memory.
Q27. What is ISCII ?
Ans. ISCII stands for Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a 8 bit code and is capable of
coding 256 characters. this standard does not only apply to the Devanagari script, but also the
Gurumukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Bengali, Assamese, Telugu and Kannada script.
Q28. What is Unicode ?
Ans. Unicode stands for Universal Code. Unicode provides a unique number for every character no
matter what is the platform, program or language the system uses. unicode version 3.1 supports 94140
characters.
Q29. What is a Font ?
Ans. A font refers to a set of displyable text characters (called glyphs) having specific style and size. there
are two types of fonts
a. True type fonts (ttf)
b. Open type Fonts (otf)
Q30. What is a True type font ?
Ans. It is a font format develoed by apple and licenced to Microsoft. it provides a high degree of pixel
level control and is very easy to manage.
Q31. what is a open type font ?
Ans. These are the 16 bit better quality fonts that are cross platform also.
Q32. what are the two configurations of fonts?
Ans. On the basis of font configurations, fonts can be categorized as
a. static fonts : always appears in the same shape
b. dynamic fonts : changes itself according to the display media

Q33. What are the two types of Indian Language Text typing ?
Ans. There are two types of text entries
a. Phonetic text entry : words typed in english are converted to corresponding language
according to their pronounciation
b. Keymap based text entry : words are typed through the keyboard

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