Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Laboratory Practice
VII
Name
Index No.
Group
Date of Performance
Date of Submission
:
:
:
:
:
S.P.M Sudasinghe
100523G
G-17
2014/06/16
2014/07/07
OBSERVATIONS
Name
: S.P.M Sudasinghe
Index No.
: 100523G
Group
: G-17
Date
: 2014/06/16
VS (V)
108
128
144
160
176
184
VDC (V)
132
136
180
200
220
228
Nr
(rpm)
731.2
735.2
737.4
738.6
739.5
739.9
IS (A)
1
1
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.7
WS (W)
80
80
100
100
120
140
Nr (rpm)
2.0
0.02
75
2.5
78
4.7
139
6.2
184
8.3
234
10.1
301
13.7
387
25.2
611
Nr (rpm)
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
Fs (Hz)
Graph 1: Motor speed Vs Frequency (frequency control)
30
VS/fS (V/Hz)
2.0
0.02
2.5
4.7
6.2
6.45
8.3
4.82
10.1
4.35
13.7
3.79
25.2
4.12
VS/fS (V/Hz)
6.5
5.5
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
fS (Hz)
Graph 2: Vs/fs Vs Inverter Frequency (frequency control)
22
24
26
IS Vs Inverter Frequency
fS (Hz)
IS (A)
2.0
0.02
0.2
2.5
0.5
4.7
0.5
6.2
0.5
8.3
0.5
10.1
0.5
13.7
0.5
25.2
1.0
IS (A)
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
fS (Hz)
Graph 3: Motor current Vs Inverter frequency (frequency control)
24
26
WS (W)
2.0
20
0.02
40
2.5
40
4.7
60
6.2
60
8.3
60
10.1
60
13.7
60
25.2
80
WS (W)
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
fS (Hz)
Graph 4: Motor power Vs Frequency (frequency control)
26
Nr (rpm)
108
731.2
128
735.2
144
737.4
160
738.6
176
739.5
184
739.9
Nr (rpm)
740
739
738
737
736
735
734
733
732
731
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
VS (V)
Graph 5: Motor speed Vs Inverter output voltage (Voltage control)
190
Nr (rpm)
108
1.0
128
1.0
144
1.1
160
1.2
176
1.5
184
1.7
IS (A)
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
0.9
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
V180
S (V)
190
WS (W)
108
80
128
80
144
100
160
100
176
120
184
140
WS (W)
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
VS (V)
Graph 7: Motor power Vs Inverter output voltage (voltage control)
190
DICUSSION
1. What is the motive for keeping V/f constant with adjustable speed drives
Induced emf (E) of an induction motor is proportional to frequency and the air gap flux. As the
stator resistance is negligible induced emf is almost equal to the supply voltage (VS).
If the frequency id reduced while keeping the supply voltage constant then air gap flux increases
and core gets saturated and magnetization current increases. Also torque of the motor depends
on air gap flux. If the frequency increases keeping the voltage constant then torque will be reduced.
Hence air gap flux should be kept constant of an induction motor. To do that V/f is kept constant.
2. Why not V is increased with f for speeds above the rated speed, and how this affects the
motor torque.
At rated speed supply voltage is at its rated value. All the parameters of the motor are designed
for this rated voltage level such as insulation level. If we exceed this voltage limit motor may be
get damaged due to insulation failures or similar problems. Hence we keep the v/f constant up to
the rated speed (rated voltage) only and beyond this voltage only the frequency is increased. If
only the frequency is increased then air gap flux gets reduced because
Due to this reduction in air gap flux, motor torque is reduced while the speed (frequency) is
increasing. Hence beyond the rated voltage power is kept constant.
3. Compare the degree of speed controllability with frequency control and voltage control
With frequency control speed of the induction motor can be adjusted either above or below the
rated speed. Frequency controlling method can change the motor speed from about 5% of rated
speed up to as twice the rated speed. It can achieve the speeds beyond the rated speed but with
less torque at constant power.
With voltage control of induction motor only limited range of speeds are achievable. As the torque
of the induction motor is proportional to the square of the voltage, torque decreases rapidly for
lower speeds. This method cannot used for go beyond the rated speed.
5. Outline the salient features of control circuit giving reasons for the use of different
potentiometers
Slow-up/slow-down circuit
VR1 & VR2 -: adjust the rate of change of speed input signal
N-1 error amplifier
VR1 -: adjust the voltage feedback ratio
VR2 -: adjust the control signal transient of the error signal of voltage feedback and the reference
VR3 -: adjust the current feedback ratio
VR4 -: adjust the control signal transient of the error between the current feedback and output of
the previous voltage feedback error signal.
VR5 -: adjust the final signal range and feed the error signal to comparator