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LABORATORY MANUAL
COURSE
COURSE CODE
ECG303
LEVEL OF OPENNESS
CATEGORY
33
PERIOD OF ACTIVITY
1 WEEK (WEEK 7)
TITLE
1.1 Introduction
Level 1 laboratory activity refers to condition where the problem and ways &
means are guided and given to the students. However the answers to the
assignment are left to the students to solve using the group creativity and
innovativeness. It is hoped that the activity will slowly introduce and inculcate
independent learning amongst students and prepare them for a much harder task
of open-ended laboratory activities.
In this laboratory session, students will be introduced on how to determine the
shear strength parameters of soil using triaxial test.
1.2 Objective
The objective of the test is:
To determine the shear strength parameters for clay soil.
PREAMBLE
LABORATORY MANUAL
test, but strain controlled test is more common) until shear failure occurs.
Total vertical stress, which is 1 is equal to the sum of 3 and deviator
stress ( d).
Measurement of d, axial deformation, pore pressure, and sample volume
change are recorded.
Depending on the nature of loading and drainage condition, triaxial tests
are conducted in three different ways.
UU Triaxial test
CU Triaxial test
CD Triaxial test
PROBLEM
STATEMENT
3.1 Apparatus
3.2 Procedures
WAYS AND
MEANS
1.
2.
3.
4.
LABORATORY MANUAL
LABORATORY MANUAL
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Set all five valves on the test cell to the closed position.
Set the De-Airing Water Control valve to the Pressure position.
Set the Burette/Annulus Input Control valve to the vent position.
Set the Annulus Control Switch to the open position (Normal).
Slowly turn the Burette/Annulus Flow Control valve to the Fill position.
When the water reaches the desired level, turn the Burette/Annulus Flow
Control valve to the Cell Operate position. Do not overfill. Water should
not be allowed to flow into the pressure tube at the top.
Repeat the above steps until two burette channels being used are filled to
the desired level.
Note: If the water level in the De-Aired Water Tank System drops to about 1
from the bottom, repeat the filling and de-airing procedures described
above.
E.DE-AIRING THE BURETTE CHANNELS (This step is already done)
1.
2.
Set the Burette/Annulus Input Control valve for each channel to the
vacuum position. Under normal operating conditions, the de-airing
process should be completed in about 5-10 minutes.
After completion, set all Input Control valves back to the vent position.
F
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
LABORATORY MANUAL
7.
6.
1.
In the Test Monitoring window, make sure that all the test data shown in
the upper left box is correct.
2. Click on the button Start Test Stage located to the upper right side of the
screen.
3. In the next window select Test Initialization and click on button OK in
the bottom.
4. In the Test Initialization window, enter the previously measured sample
Diameter, weight, and height.
5. The bulk density of the sample will be calculated automatically by the
software.
6. The information regarding the Membrane Thickness and Youngs Modulus
are default values and may not be changed, unless using a different kind
of membrane around the sample.
7. After entering all data click on the green button Confirm Setup Data.
8. This will bring you back to the Test Monitoring window.
9. Again click on button Start Test Stage located to the upper right side of
the screen.
10. This time select Compression from the menu and then click on button
OK at the bottom of the window.
I
COMPRESSION STAGE
From the previous stage you will be directed to the screen titled Compression
Stage for Undrained Test.
1.
2.
Fill and Pressurise Cell. Select Material Type and Press Button to
Calculate Suggested Rate of Strain on Enter Directly:
a. Close the valve on the test cell marked CP.
b. Carefully place the sample on the Triaxial cell base pedestal.
c. Place the top pressure pad and use black O-rings to secure the
membrane around the base pedestal and top pressure pad.
LABORATORY MANUAL
d.
Place the Triaxial cell cover over the sample and use the three rods
to secure it in place.
e. Open the knob at the top of the glass cylinder and attach the tube
marked CP to the knob marked water located at the bottom left of
the panel.
Open the valve on the test cell marked CP. This will gradually fill the cell.
Control the flow using the valve marked CP.
f. Close the knob at the top of the glass cylinder when the cell is filled
with water.
g. Detach the tube marked CP from the knob marked water and
attach it back to the knob marked CP on the panel.
h. Close the valve on the test cell marked CP.
i.
Use the knob in the Set Pressure Control panel to increase the
pressure to the desired cell pressure level. Monitor the cell pressure
box in the DS-7 software to get the accurate reading.
j. Set the Burette/Annulus Input Control valve to Pressure position.
k. Slowly open the valve on the test cell marked CP. This will transfer
the cell pressure to the water inside the glass cylinder.
l.
In the DS-7 software window, select the right Material Type to the
right side of the window and click on the button Calculate Rate of
Strain.
m. Input the calculated rate of displacement value from the computer
screen to the display window at the bottom of the test cell and press
Enter ().
3.
4.
Reset Force Transducer & Bring Piston just into contact with top cap:
a. Raise the sample using the key on the keypad on the loading frame
until the load piston just touches the top notch of the top plate above
the soil sample.
b. On the DS-7 software window, click on the red button marked Reset
Force Transducer.
c. This should reset the lower right window on the Test Monitoring
Window in the DS-7 software to 0.0 lbf.
5.
a.
b.
6.
7.
Click on the green Continue button at the bottom of the page of the
software window.
A window will appear that will instruct you to press enter (Green Button) to
start the Test Countdown. If everything is ready, click on the green button
Start Test Countdown.
LABORATORY MANUAL
8.
Once the two whistles go, press the green button Run on the keypad at
the bottom of the test cell.
1.
To stop the loading at any time press the red button Stop on the keypad
of the load frame.
In the DS-7 software, on Test Monitoring window click on button End
Test Stage
Click on button Start Test Stage button.
Select Final Measurements and click on OK.
Enter all parameters that are available at this time
Final Specimen Weight (wet)
Final Specimen Weight (dry)
Initial Moisture Content from Trimmings
Lab Temperature during test
Particle Specific Gravity
Click on green button Confirm Data.
Click OK on the window stating FINAL STAGE IS NOW COMPLETE.
PRESS OK TO STORE THE TEST DATA READY FOR ANALYSIS OR
PRESS CANCEL TO PERFORM FURTHER STAGES.
Save the Raw data obtained from the test to a directory of your choice.
The software will prompt to a default directory.
Click on button exit to exit from the software.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
Use the button on the keypad of the load frame to lower the sample
away from the load piston.
Unscrew the three rods from the sides of the glass cylinder and take out
the cylinder.
Dismantle the sample from the test cell and secure the membrane, top
and bottom end plates.
2.
3.
LABORATORY MANUAL
Load
Ac
5. Plot d versus axial strain separately for three tests.
6. Plot d vs a for three tests in the same plot.
7. Plot Mohr circle based on 1 and 3 at failure. They should give the same
d value. Add one Mohr circle for unconfined compression test too.
8. Make a straight line, which is tangent to all Mohrs circles. This gives c u
with a horizontal line, i.e. u = 0. Therefore this test is called = 0 test.
cu = d
2
Figure 2 Total stress Mohr circle and failure envelope obtained from UU triaxial test
LABORATORY MANUAL
Date tested:
Project: Soils Lab
Recovery depth: N/A
Recovery method: N/A
LABORATORY MANUAL
Axial
Defor
mation
(L)
Axial
Load
(P)
Axial
Strain
(1)
Corrected
Area
(A)
Deviator
Stress
()
a = L/Lo
A = Ao/(1-a)
= P/A
1f = 3 + f
3:
f:
1f:
GENERAL INFORMATION
Tested by:
Lab partners/organization:
Client: CSUF
Boring no.: N/A
Recovery date:
Soil description:
I.
Date tested:
Project: Soils Lab
Recovery depth: N/A
Recovery method: N/A
LABORATORY MANUAL
Axial
Deforma
tion (L)
Axial
Load
(P)
Axial
Strain
(1)
Corrected
Area
(A)
Deviator
Stress
()
a = L/Lo
A = Ao/(1-a)
= P/A
1f = 3 + f
3:
f:
1f:
RESULTS