TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.

OIL IN PAKISTAN .......................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1.
DISCOVERY ................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.2.
HISTORY .................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.3.
RESOURCES OF OIL ............................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.1. PAKISTAN OILFIELDS LIMITED ....................................................................................................... 3
1.3.2. Shale oil ................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.3.3. PAKISTAN AMONG TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST SHALE OIL RESERVES ..................... 4
1.4.
GEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN IN RELATION TO OIL .............................................................................. 6
1.5.
PRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5.1. PAKISTAN CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION BY YEAR ............................................................................ 7
1.6.
CONSUMPTION OF OIL IN PAKISTAN ................................................................................................ 9
1.6.1. Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) in Pakistan ...................................................................... 9
1.6.2. OIL CONSUMPTION - WORLD .........................................................................................................10
1.6.3. OIL CONSUMPTION - ASIA ...............................................................................................................11
1.7.
CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION COMPARISON .......................................................................11
1.7.1. DATA FOR COMPARISON OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION OF OIL .............................11
1.8.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF OIL FOR PAKISTAN ..........12

2.

NATURAL GAS ...............................................................................................................................................13

2.1.
PROVED RESERVES..............................................................................................................................13
2.2.
RESERVES-TO-PRODUCTION RATIO ............................................................................................................15
2.3.
PRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................15
2.4.
CONSUMPTION .....................................................................................................................................18
2.4.1. NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR ..................................................................................19
2.5.
EXPORTS ................................................................................................................................................20
2.6.
IMPORTS .................................................................................................................................................20

3.

COAL ................................................................................................................................................................21
3.1.
COAL RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN ................................................................................................................23
3.1.1. Pakistan Coal Resources (As On June 2003).......................................................................................25
3.1.1.1.
3.1.1.2.
3.1.1.3.
3.1.1.4.
3.1.1.5.

Sindh .......................................................................................................................................................... 25
Baluchistan ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.25
Punjab ........................................................................................................................................................ 27
KPK ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
Azad Kashmir ............................................................................................................................................ 29

3.2.
COAL PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN: .............................................................................................................30
3.3.
COAL CONSUMPTION IN PAKISTAN: ..........................................................................................................31
3.4.
COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION OF COAL: ......................................................................32
3.5.
COAL EXPORT BY PAKISTAN: ....................................................................................................................33
3.5.1. Coal Imports by Pakistan .....................................................................................................................33
4.

NUCLEAR ENERGY IN PAKISTAN ...........................................................................................................34

4.1.
4.2.

5.

LIST OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN PAKISTAN .......................................................................................35

PAKISTANS NUCLEAR-RELATED FACILITIES ..............................................................................39

RELATED UNITS AND THEIR MUTUAL CONVERSIONS ...................................................................40

5.1.

UNITS FOR POWER MEASUREMENT ...........................................................................................................40

5.2.
5.3.

UNITS FOR ENERGY MEASUREMENT .........................................................................................................40

UNITS FOR OIL MEASUREMENTS ...............................................................................................................41

1. OIL IN PAKISTAN
1.1. DISCOVERY
Pakistan's first oil field was found in the late 1952 in Baluchistan near a giant Sui gas field. The Toot oil
field was not discovered until the early 1960s in the Punjab. It covers 122.67 square kilometers
(47.36 sq mi). Pakistan Petroleum and Pakistan Oilfields explored and began drilling these fields with
Soviet help in 1961 and activity began in Toot during 1964.

1.2. HISTORY
The Toot area is one of the oldest oil producing regions in Pakistan with the first oil well drilled in 1964
when President Ayub Khan encouraged a mineral development policy. In 1964 the first well was drilled
and commercial production started in 1967. There are about 60 million barrels of oil in place of which
12%-15% is recoverable. At its peak during 1986, the field was producing approximately 2,400 barrel of
oil per day.

1.3. RESOURCES OF OIL

1.3.1. PAKISTAN OILFIELDS LIMITED
The Pakistan Oilfields Limited (KSE: POL; formerly known as Pakistan-Soviet Oil Fields), is a global
competitive oil exploration consortium and megacorporation, located in Rawalpindi, Punjab Province of
Pakistan. The Pakistan Oilfields is a subsidiary of the Attock Group of Companies, was incorporated on
25 November 25, 1950, with the financial capital and technical cooperation of the Soviet Union.
In 1978, Pakistan Oilfields took over the exploration and production business of Alishba Oil Company.
Since then, Pakistan Oilfields has been investing independently. Pakistan Oilfields is a leading oil and
gas exploration and production company listed on all the three stock exchanges of Pakistan.
1.3.2. SHALE OIL
Shale oil is an unconventional oil produced from oil shale rock fragments by pyrolysis, hydrogenation,
or thermal dissolution. These processes convert the organic matter within the rock (kerogen)
into synthetic oil and gas. The resulting oil can be used immediately as a fuel or upgraded to meet

refinery feedstock specifications

by

adding hydrogen and

removing impurities such

as sulfur and nitrogen. The refined products can be used for the same purposes as those derived
from crude oil. The term "shale oil" is interchangeable, as it is used as well for crude oil produced from
shales of other very low permeability formations.
As per DAWN NEWS Aug 28, 2013 Pakistan said to have large reserves of shale oil. ISLAMABAD: In
a major development, the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the American federal authority on
energy statistics and analysis, has estimated fresh recoverable shale gas reserves of 105 trillion cubic
feet (TCF) and more than nine billion barrels of oil in Pakistan.
These estimates of recoverable hydrocarbon reserves are many times larger than so far proven reserves
of 24 TCF for gas and about 300 million barrels for oil. Pakistan currently produces about 4.2 billion
cubic feet of gas and about 70,000 barrels of oil per day
1.3.3. PAKISTAN AMONG TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST SHALE OIL
RESERVES
Pakistan has more shale oil than Canada, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA)
report releases on June 13, 2013.

The US EIA report estimates Pakistans total shale oil reserves at 227 billion barrels of which 9.1 billion
barrels are technically recoverable with todays technology. In addition, the latest report says Pakistan
has 586 trillion cubic feet of shale gas of which 105 trillion cubic feet (up from 51 trillion cubic feet
reported in 2011) is technically recoverable with current technology.

Crude Oil Proven Reserves Definition: Oil reserves are the amount of technically and economically
recoverable oil. Reserves may be for a well, for a reservoir, for a field, for a nation, or for the world.
Different classifications of reserves are related to their degree of certainty. The total estimated amount of
oil in an oil reservoir, including both producible and non-producible oil, is called oil in place. However,
because of reservoir characteristics and limitations in petroleum extraction technologies, only a fraction
of this oil can be brought to the surface, and it is only this producible fraction that is considered to be
reserves. The ratio of producible oil reserves to total oil in place for a given field is often referred to as
the recovery factor. Recovery factors vary greatly among oil fields. The recovery factor of any particular
field may change over time based on operating history and in response to changes in technology and
economics. The recovery factor may also rise over time if additional investment is made in enhanced oil
recovery techniques such as gas injection, surfactants injection, water-flooding,[1] or microbial
enhanced oil recovery. Proven reserves are those reserves claimed to have a reasonable certainty
(normally at least 90% confidence) of being recoverable under existing economic and political
conditions, with existing technology. Industry specialists refer to this as P90 (i.e., having a 90%
certainty of being produced). Proven reserves are also known in the industry as 1P.

1.4. GEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN IN RELATION TO OIL

1.5. PRODUCTION
Pakistan is a net importer of crude oil and refined products, which accounted for 31% of Pakistans
primary energy supply in 2012, according to a report by the Sustainable Development Policy
Institute. Crude oil and other liquids production in Pakistan has fluctuated between 55,000 and
70,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) since the 1990s. In 2013, the country produced 64,000 bbl/d. Oil
consumption has grown over time and averaged 437,000 bbl/d in 2013. Pakistan currently has six oil
refineries, running mostly on imported crude oil, and a total crude oil distillation capacity of 186,000
bbl/d.
Crude Oil Definition: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground
reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities.
Depending upon the characteristics of the crude stream, it may also include 1. Small amounts of
hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric
pressure after being recovered from oil well (casing head) gas in lease separators and are subsequently
comingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. Lease condensate recovered as a
liquid from natural gas wells in lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into the crude stream
is also included; 2. Small amounts of non-hydrocarbons produced with the oil, such as sulfur and various
metals; 3. Drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil
shale. Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are excluded. Crude oil is refined to produce a
wide array of petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants;
asphalt; ethane, propane, and butane; and many other products used for their energy or chemical content.
1.5.1. PAKISTAN CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION BY YEAR
YEAR

PRODUCTION

YEAR

PRODUCTION

1980

10

1997

57

1981

10

1998

54.91

1982

12

1999

53

1983

13

2000

54.42

1984

17

2001

59.87

YEAR

PRODUCTION

YEAR

PRODUCTION

1985

35

2002

64.27

42

2003

60

1987

42

2004

62

1988

45

2005

65.63

1989

48

2006

65.67

1990

62

2007

65.19

1991

62

2008

58.58

1992

61.35

2009

55.37

1993

60.36

2010

65

1994

55.00

2011

65

1995

57.10

2012

72

1996

55

2013

80.80

Thousand Barrels per Day

1986

100
80
60
40
20
0
1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

YEAR

As per DAILY TIMES KARACHI: Pakistans oil an average production increased by 19 percent in the
first quarter of 2014-15 (1Q FY15) to stand at 94,000 barrels of oil per day (bopd) as compared with
79,000 bopd in corresponding period last year. Overall, the hydrocarbon production in Pakistan, which
stood at an average 787,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day (boed) in 1Q FY14, averaged 799,000 boed
in 1QFY15, up merely 1 percent in 1Q FY15 as per statistic provided by exploration and production of
companies to local equity research Centre.

1.6. CONSUMPTION OF OIL IN PAKISTAN

Definition of Oil - consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The
discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or
exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.

1.6.1. ENERGY USE (KG OF OIL EQUIVALENT PER CAPITA) IN PAKISTAN

Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) in Pakistan was last measured at 501.60 in 2009, according
to the World Bank. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use
fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels
supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. This page has the latest values,
historical data, forecasts, charts, statistics, an economic calendar and
News for energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) in Pakistan.

1.6.2. OIL CONSUMPTION - WORLD

1.6.3. OIL CONSUMPTION - ASIA

1.7. CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION COMPARISON

1.7.1. DATA FOR COMPARISON OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION OF OIL

YEAR

PRODUCTION

CONSUMPTION

YEAR

PRODUCTION

CONSUMPTION

1980

10

104

1997

57

333.04

1981

10

113

1998

54.91

346.84

1982

12

134

1999

53

368.57

1983

13

137

2000

54.42

365.01

1984

17

140

2001

59.87

360.12

1985

35

159.67

2002

64.27

355.89

1986

42

165.75

2003

60

336.60

1987

42

180.43

2004

62

326.85

1988

45

194.20

2005

65.63

336.10

1989

48

205.63

2006

65.67

357.08

1990

62

220.05

2007

65.19

382.26

1991

62

221.06

2008

58.58

389.75

1992

61.35

227.21

2009

55.37

390.94

1993

60.36

256.42

2010

65

392.30

1994

55.00

282.17

2011

65

418.00

1995

57.10

298.09

2012

72

440.11

1996

55

326.90

2013

80.80

437.06

1.8. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF

OIL FOR PAKISTAN

2. NATURAL GAS
2.1. PROVED RESERVES
The proved reserves of natural gas have been estimated 679.6 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
Change

year

reserves

2003

26.3649997711182

5.13 %

2004

26.8299999237061

1.76 %

2005

26.8299999237061

0.00 %

2006

28.1529998779297

4.93 %

2007

28

-0.54 %

2008

28

0.00 %

2009

31.2660007476807

11.66 %

2010

29.6709995269775

-5.10 %

2011

29.6709995269775

0.00 %

( wrt Previous year)

2012

26.6200008392334

-10.28 %

2013

24.0009994506836

-9.84 %

The source of all these graphs is United States Energy Information Administration. Other sources apart
from USEID are mentioned where needed.

COUNTRY
PAKISTAN

2004

2005

2008

2010

2011

695,600,000,00

759,700,000,00

792,800,000,00

840,200,000,00

840,200,000,00

This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m).

At the end of 2013

Country

At the end of 2012

Trillion cubic meters

PAKISTAN

0.6

Trillion
cubic feet
22.7

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2014

Trillion
cubic
meters
0.6

share

of

total world
0.3 %

R/P ratio

16.7

Natural gas - proved reserves - comparative map

Source: USEID

2.2. RESERVES-TO-PRODUCTION RATIO

The Reserves-to-production ratio (RPR or R/P) is the remaining amount of a non-renewable
resource, expressed in time. While applicable to all natural resources, the RPR is most commonly
applied to fossil fuels, particularly petroleum and natural gas. The reserve portion (numerator) of the
ratio is the amount of a resource known to exist in an area and to be economically recoverable
(proved reserves). The production portion (denominator) of the ratio is the amount of resource used
in one year at the current rate.
RPR = (amount of known resource) / (amount used per year)
RPR for Pakistan is 16.7.
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2014

2.3. PRODUCTION

During July-March 2008-09 the production was 3986.5 million cubic feet per day as compared to
3965.9 mmcfd during the corresponding period last year showing an increase of 0.52%. Presently 26
private and public sector companies are engaged in oil and gas exploration and production activities.
Following are the natural gas fields in the Pakistan:

Kandkhot field (13 TCF, 347109m)

Khan field

Mari field

Miano gas field

Mizra field

Sawan gas field

Sui gas field (2 TCF; 54109m)

Toot gas field

Ul Haq field (1 TCF; 27109m)

Zamzama field

The Sui gas field is the biggest natural gas field in the Pakistan. It is located near Sui in Baluchistan.
The gas field was discovered in the late 1952 and the commercial exploitation of the field began in
1955. The Sui gas field accounts for 26% of Pakistans gas production. Remaining reserves are
estimated to be at about 800 billion cubic feet (tcf) and the daily production is around 660 million
cubic feet (19,000,000 m3) of natural. The operator of the field is Pakistan petroleum limited. Other
natural gas companies in Pakistan are

SUI NORTHERN GAS COMPANY LIMITED

PAKISTAN STATE OIL COMPANY LIMITED

PAKISTAN PETROLEUM LIMITED

PAK ARAB REFINERY LIMITED

SAINDAK METALS LIMITED

PAKISTAN MINERAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LIMITED

STATE PETROLEUM REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL CORPORATION (PVT) LTD

NATIONAL REFINERY LIMITED (NRL)

OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED

Total natural gas production by company wise is given below.

Source: Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2012

COUNTRY

2003

2004

2007

2008

2011

PAKISTAN

23,800,000,000

27,400,000,000

30,800,000,000

37,500,000,000

42,900,000,000

Source:
United States Energy Information Administration.
This entry is the total natural gas produced in cubic meters (cu m).

Natural gas - Production - Comparative map

Source: USEID

2.4. CONSUMPTION
The consumption of natural gas during 2007-08 was 40.3%. The sector wise natural gas consumption
during July-March 2008-09 is given below
Consumption of gas (billion cft)
Year

(percentage change)

household Change (%) commerical Change (%)

Cement

Change (%)

-35.5

July-march
2008-2009 172

-0.5

26.4

3.2

Source: Hydrocarbon development institute of Pakistan

Consumption of gas (billion cft)

Year

fertilizer

(percentage change)

Change (%) Power

Change (%)

Industrial

Change

0.7

13.1

234

2.8

July-march
2008-2009 150

278

Source: Hydrocarbon development institute of Pakistan

2.4.1. NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR

Source: Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2012

COUNTRY

2003

2004

2007

2008

2011

PAKISTAN

23,800,000,000

27,400,000,000

30,800,000,000

37,500,000,000

42,900,000,000

Source: United States Energy Information Administration.

This entry is the total natural gas produced in cubic meters (cu m).

Natural gas - Consumption - Comparative map

Source: USEID

2.5. EXPORTS
According to United States Energy Information Administration the exports till the end of 2013 were
0 cu m.
Country

2001

2004

2007

2008

2009

Pakistan

This entry is the total natural gas exported in cubic meters (cu m).

2.6. IMPORTS
According to United States Energy Information Administration the imports till the end of 2013 were
0 cu m.
Country

2001

2004

2007

2008

2009

Pakistan

This entry is the total natural gas exported in cubic meters (cu m).

3. COAL
Coal (from the Old English term col, which has meant "mineral of fossilized carbon" since the 13th
century) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in
layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded
as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed
primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen,
and nitrogen.

Coal as obtained from a Coal Mine

A coal power generation plant is shown below:

Coal Power plant

3.1. COAL RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN

Total Coal reserves in Pakistan are estimated around 185.5 billion tonnes and can produce 100000 MW
electricity for 30 years. Only 150 MW indigenous coal plant has been set up so far, and further mining
and required infrastructure needs huge amounts of investment as well as time.
There are vast resources of coal in all four of Pakistans provinces and in Azad Jammu & Kashmir. The
above figure shows locations and names of major coalfields and coal occurrences of Pakistan.
According to rough estimates, the total coal resources of Pakistan are more than 185 billion tones. Coal
reserves, together with heating values (as on received basis), of all the four Provinces and Azad Kashmir
are given here below.

Province

Resources in Million Tonnes

Heating Value(Btu/lb)

Sindh

184,623

5,219 -13,555

Baluchistan

217

9,637 -15,499

Punjab

235

9,472 -15,801

NWFP

91

9,386 -14,217

AJK

7,336 -12,338

Total 185,175

Source: Geological Survey of Pakistan / Pakistan Energy Year Book 2003

Coal Resources of Pakistan

3.1.1. PAKISTAN COAL RESOURCES (AS ON JUNE 2003)

All of this data is provided by NEPRA, Pakistan. Other sources apart from NEPRA are
mentioned where needed.
3.1.1.1.

Sindh

Coal Field

Coal Resource

Heating Value

(Million Tonnes)

(Btu/lb.)

Thar

175,506

6,244 11,045

Lakhra

1,328

5,503 9,158

Sonda-Jherruck

5,523

5,219 13,555

Meting- Jhimpir

473

5,219 8,612

Indus East

1,777

7,782 8,660

Badin

16

11,415 11,521

Sub-Total:- 184,623

Coal Fields in Sindh

3.1.1.2.

Baluchistan

Coal Field

Coal Resources

Heating Value

(Million Tonnes)

(Btu/lb.)

Sor-Range/Degari

50

11,245 13,900

Khost-Sharigh-Harnai-Ziarat

88

9,637 15,499

Mach

23

11,110 12,937

Duki

56

10,131 14,357

Sub-Total:- 217

Coal Fields in Baluchistan

3.1.1.3.
Coal Field

Punjab
Coal Resources

Heating Value

(Million Tonnes)

(Btu/lb.)

Salt-Range

213

9,472 15,801

Makarwal

22

10,688 14,029

Sub-Total:- 235

Coal Fields in Punjab

3.1.1.4.

Coal Field

KPK

Coal Resources

Heating Value

(Million Tonnes)

(Btu/lb.)

Hangu

82

10,500 14,149

Cherat

9,386 14,217

Sub-Total: 91

KPK

Coal Fields in KPK

3.1.1.5.

Coal Field

Kotli

Azad Kashmir

Coal Resources

Heating Value

(Million Tonnes)

(Btu/lb.)

7,336 12,338

Grand Total of all the Coal resources in Pakistan: 185,175 Million Tonnes

Coal Fields in AJK

3.2. COAL PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN:

Coal production in Pakistan can be expressed with the help of a graph which shows the production
of Coal in Pakistan from year 1980 to 2012. The source of all these graphs is United States Energy
Information Administration. The graph is shown below:

Production of Coal in Pakistan

The annual growth rate of production can also be expressed in the form of a graph which is
illustrated below:

Annual Growth Rate of Coal production in Pakistan

3.3. COAL CONSUMPTION IN PAKISTAN:

Coal consumption in Pakistan can be expressed with the help of a graph which shows the
consumption of Coal in Pakistan from year 1980 to 2012. The source of all these graphs is United
States Energy Information Administration. The graph is shown below:

Consumption of Coal in Pakistan

The annual growth rate of consumption can also be expressed in the form of a graph which is
illustrated below:

Annual Growth rate of Consumption of Coal in Pakistan

The sector wise consumption of coal in Pakistan from the year 2002-2003 survey by NEPRA is
shown below in the form of a pie-chart:

3.4. COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION OF COAL:

Comparison of Coal production & consumption in Pakistan can be expressed with the help of a bar
chart which shows the comparison of the two commodities in Pakistan from year 1980 to 2012. The
source of all these graphs is United States Energy Information Administration. The graph is shown
below

3.5. COAL EXPORT BY PAKISTAN:

Coal exports in Pakistan can be expressed with the help of a graph which shows the annual exports
of Coal in Pakistan from year 1980 to 2012. The source of all these graphs is United States Energy
Information Administration. The graph is shown below depicts that Pakistan is NOT a coal
exporting country, with very few exports in the year 1982 & 1987. The graph is shown below:

3.5.1. COAL IMPORTS BY PAKISTAN

Coal imports in Pakistan can be expressed with the help of a graph which shows the imports of Coal
in Pakistan from year 1980 to 2012. The source of all these graphs is United States Energy
Information

Administration.

The

graph

is

shown

below:

4. Nuclear Energy in Pakistan

Pakistan has a small nuclear power program, with 725 MWe capacities, but is moving to increase this
substantially. Pakistan's nuclear weapons capabilities have arisen independently of the civil nuclear fuel
cycle, using indigenous uranium.
Because Pakistan is outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, due to its weapons program, it is
largely excluded from trade in nuclear plant or materials, which hinders its development of civil nuclear
energy. However, China is positive about nuclear cooperation with Pakistan.
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) is responsible for all nuclear energy and research
applications in the country. The PAEC is reported to have two divisions which are responsible for
nuclear power programs: Nuclear Power Generation (NUPG) and Nuclear Power Projects (NUPP). The
NUPG directorate oversees the operational units, and the NUPP directorate is concerned with design and
construction of planned units, and is closely aligned with the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA).
KANUPP, located at Karachi, completed its design life of 30 years in 2002. After necessary
refurbishments and safety retrofits, it is now operating on extended life. KANUPP, generated highest
ever electricity in a calendar year in 2012, in its 40-years history. C-1 and C-2 located at Chashma are
performing very well. C-1 achieved record of continuous operation of 239.13 days in July 2012.
The government has mandated Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) for the installation of
8,800 MW nuclear power capacities by the year 2030. PAEC has technical and engineering
infrastructure is in place to provide technical support to existing under construction and future nuclear
power plants.

4.1. LIST OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN PAKISTAN

Nuclear

Type

Location

Net

Gross

Construction Connected Commercial

Power

Capacity Capacity Start

Reactors

(MW)

(MW)

Chashma, Punjab
Province

300

325

Chashma, Punjab
Province

300

325

CHASNUPP-I

PWR

To Grid

Operation

1 August 1993

13 June 2000

15 Sep. 2000

14
March
2011
2016

20 May 2011

CHASNUPP-II

PWR

CHASNUPPIII

PWR

Chashma, Punjab
Province

330

340

28
December
2005
28 April 2009

CHASNUPPIV

PWR

Chashma, Punjab
Province

330

340

2011

2017

N/A

CHASNUPP-V

PWR

Chashma, Punjab
Province

1000

1000

2014

2020

N/A

KANUPP-I

PHWR

Paradise
Point, Karachi,
Sindh Province

125

137

1 August 1966

18 October
1971

7
December
1972

KANUPP-II

PHWR

Paradise
Point, Karachi,
Sindh Province

1000

N/A

Preliminary
work started but
then the project
was put on hold
in 2009.

N/A

N/A

KANUPP-III

PHWR

Paradise
Karachi,
Province

1000

N/A

Designing
of
reactor
is
completed, but
the construction
has
not
yet
started.

2020

2020

2020

2020

Muzaffargarh
Nuclear Power
Complex

PHWR

Point,
Sindh

Muzaffargarh,
Punjab

1000

N/A

PAEC
reportedly plans
to install three
Chinese nuclear
reactors
at
Muzaffargarh

Electricity production from nuclear sources (% of total) in Pakistan.

N/A

Electricity production from nuclear sources (% of total) in Pakistan was 3.62 as of 2010. Its highest
value over the past 39 years was 6.09 in 1975, while its lowest value was 0.01 in 1980.

YEAR

VALUE

YEAR

VALUE

1971

1.37

1991

0.94

1972

1.37

1992

1.19

1973

3.63

1993

0.98

1974

5.06

1994

0.95

1975

6.09

1995

0.85

1976

5.91

1996

0.59

1977

3.87

1997

0.60

1978

1.87

1998

0.43

1979

0.75

1999

0.61

1980

0.01

2000

2.93

1981

0.93

2001

3.16

1982

1.03

2002

2.30

1983

1.16

2003

2.18

1984

1.48

2004

3.26

1985

1.50

2005

2.65

1986

1.68

2006

2.33

1987

1.75

2007

3.22

1988

0.77

2008

1.77

1989

0.09

2009

3.03

1990

0.78

2010

3.62

Alternative and nuclear energy (% of total energy use) in Pakistan

Alternative and nuclear energy (% of total energy use) in Pakistan was 4.29 as of 2010. Its highest value
over the past 39 years was 4.37 in 2005, while its lowest value was 1.96 in 1972.

Electricity production from nuclear sources (kWh) in Pakistan

The value for Electricity production from nuclear sources (kWh) in Pakistan was 3,420,000,000 as of
2010. As the graph below shows, over the past 39 years this indicator reached a maximum value of
3,420,000,000 in 2010 and a minimum value of 2,000,000 in 1980.
YEAR

VALUE

YEAR

VALUE

1971

2.02

1991

3.79

1972

1.96

1992

4.18

1973

2.47

1993

3.65

1974

2.45

1994

4.09

1975

2.62

1995

3.95

1976

3.04

1996

3.36

1977

2.58

1997

3.47

1978

3.14

1998

3.42

1979

3.12

1999

2.85

1980

3.02

2000

3.15

1981

3.08

2001

3.45

1982

3.08

2002

3.64

1983

3.50

2003

4.07

1984

3.87

2004

4.03

1985

3.54

2005

4.37

1986

3.86

2006

4.25

1987

3.90

2007

3.93

1988

3.87

2008

3.44

1989

3.57

2009

3.77

1990

3.59

2010

4.29

4.2. PAKISTANS NUCLEAR-RELATED FACILITIES

5. RELATED UNITS AND THEIR MUTUAL CONVERSIONS

5.1. UNITS FOR POWER MEASUREMENT
From

To
Calorie/s

Watt

Horsepower BTU/s

Erg/s

Ft.lb/s

Calorie/s

4.186799

0.0056

0.00396

41868000

3.08

Watt

0.23884

0.00134

0.000947

10000000

0.7375

745.69

0.706787

7456998715.82 550

Horsepower 178.107
BTU/s

251.995

1055.056

1.414

10550560000

778.16

Erg/s

9.47 E-11

2.388 E-8

1.341 E-10

9.47 E-11

7.37 E-8

Ft.lb/s

0.3238

1.355

0.001818

0.00128

13558179.48

5.2. UNITS FOR ENERGY MEASUREMENT

From

To
Calorie

Joule

BTU

kWh

Electron volt

erg

eV
calorie 1

4.184

0.003968

0.0009478 2.777

Joule

0.2388

BTU

251.9958

1054.80 1

kWh

859845.227 1054.80 3412.141

0.000001163 26131952998320000000 41868000

6241509744512000000

10000000

0.000293

6.585142305 E+21

10550560000

2.246 E+25

36000000000000

5.3. UNITS FOR OIL MEASUREMENTS

From

To
Gallon

Barrel

TCF

Liter

Gallon

1.000

0.0238

0.134

3.785

Barrel

42.00

1.000

5.615e-12

158.987

TCF

7.481

1.781e11

1.000

2.832e13

Liter

0.264

0.00663

3.532e-13

1.000

6. REFERENCES:
1)
2)
3)
4)

United States Energy Information Administration report until 2012.

Report on Coal Resources until 2003by NEPRA, Pakistan.
Pakistan Energy Book 2012.
www.indexmundi.com