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TYPES OF OD INTERVENTIONS
TEAM BUILDING
Team building refers to intense group activities the goals of which are the
improvement and increased effectiveness of various teams.
Team building activities may be directed at Intact Teams or Special Groups
(like project teams, inter-departmental teams, etc.)
Focus areas of team building are: diagnosis, task accomplishments, team
relationships, team and organization processes.
Varieties of Team Building Interventions
Formal Groups (In tact work
Special Groups
teams)
A. Diagnostic Meetings
A. Diagnostic Meetings
B. Team Building Focused on:
B. Team Building Focused on:
Task Accomplishment,
Task accomplishment,
including problem solving,
especially special problems,
decision making, role
role and goal clarification,
clarification, goal setting, etc.
resource utilization, etc.
Building and maintaining
Relationships, especially
effective interpersonal
interpersonal or inter-unit
relationships, including bossconflict, and underutilization
subordinate relationships and
of each other as resources.
peer relationships.
Processes, especially
Understanding and managing
communications, decisiongroup processes and culture
making, and task allocations.
Role analysis technique for
Role Analysis technique for
role clarification and
role clarification and
definition.
definition.
Role negotiation techniques.
Role negotiation.
TYPES OF OD INTERVENTIONS
SURVEY FEEDBACK
TYPES OF OD INTERVENTIONS
SURVEY FEEDBACK
Managerial support
Managerial goal emphasis
Managerial work facilitation
Managerial interaction facilitation
Peer support
Peer goal-emphasis
Peer work facilitation
Peer interaction facilitation
Organizational climate
9. Communication with company
10.Motivation
11.Decision making
12.Control within the company
13.Coordination between departments
14.General management
Satisfaction
15.Satisfaction with company
16.Satisfaction with supervisor
17.Satisfaction with job
18.Satisfaction with pay
19.Satisfaction with work group
TYPES OF OD INTERVENTIONS
INTERGROUP DEVELOPMENT
The focus of Intergroup development is on improving Intergroup relations.
Goals are:
Improve and increase Intergroup communication and interaction
Reduce amount of dysfunctional competition
Replace a parochial, independent point of view with an awareness of
the necessity for interdependence of action calling on the best efforts
of all groups.
Steps in the Intergroup interventions
Step 1
Meeting between leaders of groups with consultant facilitator.
Step 2
The Intergroup intervention begins at this stage. The two groups meet
separately and build two lists: one list stating what they feel about the other
group, and another list listing what the other group thinks about their own
group.
Step 3
The two groups meet each other and share the contents of the lists made by
them.
TYPES OF OD INTERVENTIONS
INTERGROUP DEVELOPMENT
Step 4
The groups return to their separate meeting places, and take stock of
information gathered in step 3. As a first step they react to and discuss what
they have learned. Usually, this discussion itself leads to clarifications of
many of the feelings of the group about the other. As a second step, they are
asked to make a list of the still unresolved issues between them. This list is
usually much smaller than the first lists produced by them.
Step 5
The groups meet again and share their new, small list of unresolved issues.
After discussing the two lists, they produce a single list of the most
important, urgent and critical issues that need to be resolved immediately.
They will then prioritize the points, prepare action plans and decide on who
will do what to implement the action plan.
Step 6
Follow up meetings are held between the groups to take stock of progress
on action taken and making mid-course corrections, if any.
TYPES OF OD INTERVENTIONS
PROCESS CONSULTATION
Process consultation model is similar to team-building interventions, except
that Process Consultation (PC) places greater emphasis on diagnosing and
understanding process events in an organization. The process consultants role
is more non-directive and questioning as he or she gets the groups to solve
their own problems.
The crux of this approach is that a skilled third party (consultant) works with
individuals and groups to help them learn about human and social processes
and learn to solve problems that stem from process events. According to
Schein, the chief goal of PC is as follows:
The job of the process consultant is to help the organization solve its own
problems by making it aware of organizational processes, the consequences of
these processes, and the mechanisms by which they can be changed. The
process consultant helps the organization to learn from self-diagnosis and selfintervention. The ultimate concern of the process consultant is the
organizations capacity to do for itself what he has done for it. Where the
standard consultant is more concerned about passing on his knowledge, the
process consultant is concerned about passing on his skills and values.
Kinds of PC interventions.
1. Agenda-setting interventions, consisting of
Questions which direct attention to interpersonal issues
Process-analysis periods
Agenda review and testing procedures
Meetings devoted to interpersonal process
Conceptual inputs on interpersonal-process topics
2. Feedback of observations or other data consisting of:
Feedback to groups during process analysis or regular work time
Feedback to individuals after meetings or after data-gathering
3. Coaching or counseling of individuals
4. Structural suggestions:
Pertaining to group membership
Pertaining to communication or interaction patterns
Pertaining to allocation of work, assignment of responsibility, and
lines of authority.
TYPES OF OD INTERVENTIONS
TYPES OF OD INTERVENTIONS