Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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Types of Slings
1) Wire Rope Slings
2) Chain Slings
3) Synthetic Web Slings
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Grade-II
Grand-III
SISAL
Condition
ONE
Rope of which
Same as per new
original Fibre strength Rope
is not reduced
TWO
THREE
SWL
Fibre ropes
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Fibre ropes
Causes of Deterioration
ROUGH USE
HARMFUL CONTACT
BAD STORAGE
Polyethylene Rope
Advantages
Light in Weight
Higher Strength
Increased Resistance to Repeated Bending, Flexing
and Abrasion
Resistance to water and
Choice of Selection
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Left Lay
Right Lay
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Crushing
Because of loose winding on drum,
rope was pulled in between
underlying wraps and crushed out of
shape.
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Birdcaging
The sudden release of a load cause
birdcaging.Here individual strands open
away from each other, displacing the
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core.
Locking of strands
Premature breakage of wires resulted
from "locking" of strands, which was
caused by insufficient lubrication.
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Abrasion
Neglect of periodical inspection left this
rope in service too long, resulting in
considerable abrasion.
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Kinking
Kink or "dog leg was caused by improper
handling and/or installation. A kink causes
excessive localized or spot abrasion.
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Reverse bending
Running this rope over one sheave and
under another caused fatigue breaks in
wires.
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Pitting
Too much exposure combined with
surface wear and loss of lubrication
caused corrosion and pitting.
.
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Wear
Too long in service. Repeated
winding
and overwinding of this rope on a drum
while it was under heavy stress caused
the unusually severe wear.
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Wire Rope
Wire Rope Sling Identification
Rated Load (rated capacity)
Load test date
Manufacturers name
Periodic inspection due date
Broken wires (10 in one lay or 5 in one strand)
Severe corrosion
Localized wear
Reduction in outer wire
Damaged end fittings
Distortion, kinking, etc
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Wire rope
Dia of rope
Permissible reduction in
dia. (inch)
3/4
3/64
7/8 to 11/8
1/16
11/4 to 11/2
3/32
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single-rope legs
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Wear
Twist or
Bend
Cut
Stretched
Links
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Periodical inspection
Clean sling before inspection.
Hang the chain up or stretch the chain out on
a level floor in a well-lighted area. Remove all
twists. Measure the sling length. Discard if a
sling has been stretched.
Make a link-by-link inspection and
discard if
a. Wear exceeds 15% of a link diameter.
b. Cut,, cracked,, burned, or corrosion pitted
c. Twisted or bent
d. Stretched-- Links tend to get longer
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Chain Slings
Only chain slings purchased from
the manufacturer are allowed.
No homemade slings allowed!!
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Special Precautions
It is important to realize that the
capacity of a sling decreases as the
angle at which it is used to lift
increases.
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Rigging Devices
Shackles
Hooks
Wire Rope Clips
Wedge Sockets
Eyebolts
Spreader Beams
Slings
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Shackles
Recommended
Not Recommended
Recommended
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Avoid eccentric
loads
Bad
Good
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Proper chocking
of shackles.
Bad
Good
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Shackle Inspection
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Hooks
Manufacturers
identification.
Never weld on hooks.
Working safety latch.
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Wedge Sockets
Most common
method of
terminating ropes
on cranes.
All parts must
match in size.
Measure rope
diameter to ensure
proper size.
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Rigging
Basic Rules of Rigging
Know the Weight
Know the Capacity
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HITCHES
STRAIGHT PULL
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HITCHES
CHOCKER HITCH
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HITCHES
BASKET HITCH
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Sling Angles
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0.4
1.0
1.7
2.7
3.9
5.3
6.9
0.7
1.6
2.9
4.5
6.5
8.8
11.5
2.2
4.9
8.6
13.5
19.4
26.4
34.5
Increase
in hook
load
(%)
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Hand Signals
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Other issues
Hook deformation (maximum 10 twist, 15%
throat opening)
Rope wear
Consider replacement if more than 12 randomly
distributed broken wires within a single strand
within a single lay (ANSI B30.2)
Chain deformation
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Other issues
Hook retainers
Load capacity charts
for field use
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Review
Select the right sling for the job.
Inspect slings prior to use,
removing from service any in
question.
Remember the effect of sling
angles on load capacities.
Properly store slings when finished
to avoid damage.
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Conclude
Associates in the direction of travel
be warned to move and remain
lifted load at all times.
should
clear of a
Conclude
Locate the hoist directly above the lifting
point of the load before lifting.
Lower loads directly below the hoist.
Keep hoisting ropes vertical. Do not pull
or push the load.
Maintain two full wraps of cable on the
hoisting drum.
Never pull a hoist by the
pendant cable
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