Overview

Water Resources Engineering

By. Cita Adiningrum, ST., MT.

Water Resources Engineering (WRE)

Its about the conception, planning, and execution of designs to make use of
the water (water utilization) or avoid damage from to much water (water
controlling).

Water controlling

: to control of water so it will not cause excessive

damage to property, inconvenience to the public, or loss of life.
Ex : flood mitigation, storm drainage, sewerage, highway culvert .

Water utilization : to utilize the water for beneficial purposes.

Ex : municipal water supply, irrigation, hydroelectric-power
development, navigation improvement , pollution control

Problem Identifications (1)

Water quantity too much (Wet Periods Floods)
too little (Dry Periods Drought)

Water queue

Dry river

The nature of water availability varies

both time and space.

WA = f (x,t)

Floods, Jakarta

Problem Identifications (2)

Water quality pure quality of water resource
Pollution threatens the utility of water for municipal and irrigation uses and
seriously despoils the aesthetic value of river.

Polluted river

Clean river

. .
Protection/conservation
of resources
Resources
for life

21st Century population 4X, global

consumption of fresh water 7X

Over Exploitation of resources

National Geographic

6 billion people in the world

Pers Jakarta

Plain forest

Trash in Manggarai gate

Demand Behavior
Multi purpose
Multi sector
Which will lead to competitive use and conflicting objectives.

General approach for obtaining solution

Establishment of water resources development
program
System engineering and system analysis
Tools : simulation and optimization using
mathematic model.

Studies & Facilities Required to solve the

Problems of WRE
How much water is needed?
How much water can be expected? Quantitative
Hydrology Probability Concepts in Planning
Who may use the water?
What kind of water is it? Chemical Bacteriological
Sediment
What structural problems exist?
Does project affect wild life or natural beauty?
Is the project economic?

Although water covers nearly three-quarters of the earth, most is

undrinkable seawater. Less than 3 percent is fresh water, and only a fraction
of that is available for human use; the rest is locked in ice caps and glaciers.

Water Resource

Water
as an
asset

 Water never goes away

This picture of the water (hydrologic) cycle shows how our planet
recycles water.

The fact is the total amount of water on Earth is relatively the same
even when the Earth was created. The changes is form of water (fresh
water / saline water) (surface water/groundwater)
(freshwater/contaminated water).
If it is true, why in Dry season the water is

scarce

Water uses
The amount of precipitation falling on land is almost 110 000 km3 per
year. Almost two-thirds of this amount evaporates from the ground or
transpires from vegetation (forest, rangeland, cropland).
The remaining 40 000 km3 per year is converted to surface runoff
(feeding rivers and lakes) and groundwater (feeding aquifers). These are
called renewable freshwater resources. Part of this water is being
removed from these rivers or aquifers by installing infrastructure. This
removal of water is called water withdrawal. Most of the withdrawn
water is returned to the environment some period of time later, after it
has been used. The quality of the returned water may be less than the
quality when it was originally removed.
three types of water withdrawal are distinguished :

Agricultural
Municipal (including Domestic)
Industrial water withdrawal.

the withdrawal ratios are 70 percent

agricultural, 11 percent municipal and 19
percent industrial.
But its biased strongly by the few
countries which have very high water
withdrawal.

Averaging the ratios of each individual

country, we find that "for any given
country" these ratios are 59, 23 and 18
percent respectively.
But the ratios also vary much between
regions Developing / Developed country

Vocabularies

What is the meaning of :

Water use
Water withdrawn
Water consumed
Give an example (picture or data) that can strengthen your answer.

Topics for presentation

Potency and Utilization of Water Resource

Rainwater (1)
(Freshwater)

Surface water

(Freshwater)

River and Waterfall (2)

Lake and Reservoir (3)

(Brackishwater) Swamp (4)

(Brinewater)

Groundwater
(Freshwater)

Coastal and Seashore (5)

Spring (6)
Aquifer : Unconfined, Confined, Artesian Aquifer (7)
Underground river in Karst area (8)

Water quantity problem & Solution :

Floods (9) and Drought (10)

After Mid

Water Management, Water Conservation, and

Optimization for Planning
Water Law / Water Legal
UUD 1945 Pasal 33
UU No.7 Tahun 2004 tentang SDA
PP No.38 Th 2011 tentang Sungai
PerMen No. 63 Th 1993 tentang Sempadan Sungai

Water Management
River basin district

Integrated (terpadu/multisektor) ; Sustainable (and Conservation Antar generasi dan Berwawasan Lingkungan) Water Management

WR Optimization using Mathematical Model

Linier, Non Linier, and Dynamic Programming

The Ilustration of Water Resources Management

Water
Resources
Development
Public
Corporation,
Water
Resources
Development
Public
Corporation Japan
Japan

Concept

( One River One Plan One Integrated Management )

Implementation of IWRM (1)

Good Governance

Participative in decision making

Strategy will be decided together

Transparency is a must
Supervision by many stakeholder

Implementation of IWRM (2)

Good Governance

Equity in providing
Professionalism in services

Fair and non discriminating

Enhance public accountability

Implementation of IWRM (3)

Good Governance

Wise and optimal utilization

Responsive to aspiration and complaints

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Scope of Activities
1.Catchment area management
2.Water quantity management
3.Water quality management
4.Flood management
5.River environment management
6.Water resource infrastructure management

Catchment area management

PERUM JASA TIRTA I

Wrong land management

Terasering system

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Water quantity management

Ditjen SDA

Water warranty for basic necessities of life, food, economy, and ecosystem

Water quality management

PERUM JASA TIRTA I

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

Polluted river versus clean river

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Flood management
Flood Warning System

Stream gauge & station

telemetry in South Dakota

Flood sirine

www.bom.gov.au
Bureau of Meteorology Australian Government

River environment management

Kompas, 06 07 03

RIVERS OF JAPAN

Floodplain Ciliwung River and Yodo river

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No Levee

With Levee

Water resource infrastructure

management

Perum Jasa Tirta I

Dam safety monitoring and O & M of reservoir

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