Worksheet4.

5
Electronegativityandintermolecularforces
1 Electronegativityvaluescanbeusedtopredictthepolarityofbonds.
a Whatisthemeaningoftheterm electronegativity?
b Thetablebelowlistselectronegativityvaluesforanumberofatoms.
Cl
Atom
Electronegativity 3.0

F
4.0

H
2.1

I
2.5

[2]

O
3.5

Usethedatainthetabletopredictthepolarityofthefollowingbonds.Copythebondedatoms
shownandaddthesymbols d+and d- abovetheappropriateatoms.
i ClO
ii HI
iii OF
TheshapeofthemoleculeF2Oisshownontheright.
i Describetheshapeofthismolecule.
ii ExplainwhyF2Ohasthisshape.
iii SuggestavaluefortheFOFbondangle.
iv DrawadiagramoftheF2Omoleculetoshowthedirectionofthedipole.

[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[3]
[1]
[1]

2 TheboilingpointsofsomeGroupVhydridesareshownbelow.
Hydride
Boilingpoint/C

NH3
-33

PH3
-88

AsH3
-55

SbH3
-17

a DescribeandexplainthegeneraltrendintheboilingpointsofthehydridesfromPH3
toSbH3.
b Explainwhytheboilingpointofammonia,NH3,ishigherthanthatofphosphine,PH3.
3 Useideasaboutstructure,electronegativityandintermolecularforcestoexplainwhy
phosphorustrichloride,PCl3,isaliquidatroomtemperaturebutphosphine,PH3,isagas.
Electronegativityvalues:Cl=3.0H=2.1P=2.1

[3]
[2]

[10]

4 Ethanol,C2H5OH,isahydrogenbondedmoleculeatroomtemperature.
a Whataretherequirementsforhydrogenbondingtooccurbetweentwomolecules?
[4]
b Draw twomoleculesofethanoltoshowthehydrogenbondingbetweenthem.Includeon
yourdiagramanyrelevantlonepairsofelectronsthatplayapartinthehydrogenbonding. [3]
c Explainwhybutane,CH3CH2CH2CH3,hasahigherboilingpointthan2methylpropane,
CH3CH(CH3)CH3,eventhoughtheyhavethesamenumberofelectrons.
[7]

CambridgeInternationalASandALevelChemistry

OriginalmaterialCambridgeUniversityPress2011