GROUP 4

TOPIC:
Words /phase

TECHNOLOGY
pronunciation English definition

1.

Manipulate
(v)

/mnpjlet/

2.

Laminate (v)

/lamnet/

3.

Alternative
(adj)/(n)

/ltntv,
l-/

No

handle or control (a
tool, mechanism, etc.),
typically in a skillful
manner.
Overlay (a flat surface)
with a layer of plastic
or some other
protective material:
1.(Of one or more
things) available as
another possibility or
choice

2. One of two or more

available possibilities:

Vietnamese
definition
Thao tc, vn
dng, s dng

Example

Cn mng,
dt
mn
g

we will laminate your

photos in clear
plastic

1.Xen nhau;
thay
i
nhau
,
thay
phi
n
nhau
.La
chn
(mt
tron
g
hai);
hoc
ci
ny
hoc
ci
kia
(tron
g hai
ci);
loi
tr
ln
nhau
(hai

1. the various
alternative methods
for resolving disputes

He manipulated the
dials of the set

2. she had no
alternative but to
break the law

ci)
2. S la chn
(mt
tron
g
hai).
Con

ng,
ch
c
cch
4.

On the blink

/blk /

Translucent
(adj)

/trans
lus()nt/

6.

Retrieve (v)

/rtriv /

informal (Of a
machine) not working
properly; out of order
Of a substance)
allowing light, but not
detailed shapes, to pass
through; semitransparent

Thng tin
nhp nhy

the computers on the

blink

Trong m,
her beautiful
m
translucent skin
(
cho
nh
sng
i
qua
m
khn
g
tron
g
sut)

Find or extract
Ly; gi ra
(information stored in a
(th
computer)
ng
tin
c
lu
tr)

other features include

the ability to store,
update, retrieve, and
print your data

7.

Synchronous
(adi)

/skrns /

Existing or occurring at ng b ha
the same time:

Synchronous
processing is carried
on
small particles are
difficult to remove
without filtration

8.

Filtration (n)

/fltren /

The action or process

of filtering something:

S lc; cch
lc

9.

Imitate (v)

/mtet /

Take or follow as a
model

Bt chc,
his style was imitated
lm by many other
theo; writers
m
phn
g,
phn
g
mu

10.

Database (n)

/detbes /

c s d liu

11.

Disparate (a)

/dsp()rt /

A structured set of data

held in a computer,
especially one that is
accessible in various
ways
Essentially different in
kind; not able to be
compared:

12.

Encode (v)

/nkd /

Convert into a coded

form

Ghi thnh
mt
m,
m
ho

13

Metabolic(a)

/ ,met'blik/

The chemical processes

Trao i cht,
in your body that
bin
change food into
cht
energy

a database covering
nine million workers

Khc hn
they inhabit disparate
nhau worlds of thought
,
khc
loi;
tp
nha
m
using this technique
makes it possible to
encode and transmit
recorded video
information
Recent trends in daily
lifestyle and poor diet
have led to an
increase in metabolic

14

Flaw (n)

/fl:/

15

Revolve(n)

16

Parameter (n) /p'rmit/

17

Undermine
(v)

18

19

2. lm h, rn
nt
Xoay

The wheel revolved

slowly
They set the
parameter of the
debate.

/,nd'main/

to impair, weaken, or
destroy

Water has
undermined the stone
foundations

Replicate (v)

/rplket/

Rigorous (a)

/rrs/

to produce exact copies Sao chp, nhn - Subsequent

of itself
experiments failed to
bn
replicate these
findings
demanding that
chnh xc
The experiment failed
particular rules,
-nghim khc, to meet their rigorous
processes, etc. are
kht khe, cht standards.
strictly followed
ch, nghim
ngt

Pulse

lm hao mn,
ph ngm, ph
hoi, c
khot

/adt/

A small mechanical or b phn ci

electronic device or too tin
l, especially
an ingenious or novel o
ne

Today, our lives are

filled with all manner
of gadgets, gizmos
and convenience
goods.

/ pls/

A single vibration or
short burst of sound,
electric current, light,

A short pulse or wave

of electromagnetic

Gadget (n)

21

1.l hng

move in a circle on a
central axis.
a numerical or other
Thng s,
measurable factor
tham s, tham
forming one of the set
bin
that defines a system or
sets the conditions of
its operation.

20

/ri'vlv/

a mark, fault, or other

imperfection that mars
a substance or object.

disorders, which are

affecting millions of
people worldwide
the computer game
was flawed by poor
programming

Xung ng

or other wave:

22
23

Demagnetize
(v)
etch

/ di
mantz/
/ t/

24

Transistor (n)

/ tranzst/

25

Allocate (v)

/ alket/

Idioms
Well-oiled machine

2.

Garbage in, garbage out

3.

On the same wavelength

Boot up

Remove magnetic prop

erties from
Engrave (metal, glass,
or stone) by coating it
with a protective layer,
drawing on it with a
needle, and then
covering it with acid to
attack the parts the
needle has exposed,
especially in order to
produce prints from it:
A semiconductor devic
e with
three connections, capa
ble of amplification in
addition torectification.
Distribute (resources or
duties) for
a particular purpose

Something that
functions very well is a
well-oiled machine.
If a computer system or
database is built badly,
then the results will be
bad
If people are on the
same wavelength, they
have the same ideas and
opinions about
something.
the menu will
be ready as soon as

radiation is
transmitted from the
system into the
ground.
Kh t ha
Khc axit

Bng bn dn

Phn phi

demagnetize
the tape heads
Most manufacturers
offer choices of
beveled, etched, and
stained glass

For comparison, the

gate length of the
smallest silicon
transistors is about 20
nanometers
in past years we
didnt allocate enoug
h funds to infrastruct
ure maintenance

Mt ci g c chc nng rt tt .
Nu mt h thng my tnh hoc c s
d liu c xy dng km, sau kt
qu s l xu.
Mt vi ngi c cng tng hoc
kin v mt vi vn g

Start (a computer) and put it into a

state of readiness for operation:

you boot
up your computer
I find after sorting the
hounds, dear brother, I
am quite out of steam

Out of steam

(Khi ng)
Cm thy mt mi, mun b cuc

No

Topic: Environment
Word/ Phrase Pronunciation

Smog (n)

/sm/

a form of air pollution that is or

looks like a mixture of smoke
and fog, especially in cities

khi

Contaminate
(v)

/kntmnet/

contaminate something (with

something): to make a substance
or place dirty or no longer pure
by adding a substance that is
dangerous or carries disease
Synonym: Adulterate

Lm bn,
lm nhim
bnh

Afforestation

/ frsten/

the process of planting areas of

land with trees in order to form a
forest

S trng
rng

Endemic
species

/endemk
spiiz/

Plants and animals that are found Loi c

nowhere else in the world.
hu

Meaning in English

Meaning in
Vietnamese

Example

Our organization is
trying to reduce
smog caused by
traffic fumes
The drinking water
has become
contaminated with
lead

Afforestation is
highly important to
maintain the
biodiversity.
The
giant sequoia tree
is an endemic
species of
California

/ rintrdus/

reintroduce something: to put a

em tr v
type of animal, bird or plant back
into a region where it once lived

/ sktueri /

Reintroduce (v)

Toxic (a)

/ tksk /

an area where wild birds or

animals are protected and
encouraged to breed
Synonym: reserve
ontaining poison; poisonous

Desertification
(n)

/dzrtf
ken/

the process of becoming or

making something a desert

/reklmen/

a process of extensive drainage o

f areas of low-lyingland from the
sea or other marshy lands for pot
ential practical use.

Sanctuary (n)

9
Reclamation
(n)

10

biodiversity

/baoda
vrsti/

the existence of a large number

of different kinds of animals and
plants which make a balanced
environment

11

dead zone

/ded zon/

12

Conservation
(n)

/knsrven/

Area of water containing low

levels of oxygen in which fish,
plants and other aquatic life find
it difficult to survive.
the protection of the natural
environment

13

Biodegradable
(a)

/baod
redbl/

a substance or chemical that

isbiodegradablecan be changed
to a harmless natural state by the
action of bacteria, and will

The bears were

reintroduced into
the wild.

Khu bo tn a bird/wildlife
sanctuary

c hi

Many pesticides
are highly toxic.
Sa mc ha Desertification can
result from poorly
managed human
intervention in the
savannah
S khai
Bygones is one of
hoang
the
largest reclamation
yards in the UK
providing high
quality
architectural
antiques.
a dng
The mining project
sinh hc
threatens one of the
world's richest
areas of
biodiversity.
Vng bin
The Gulf of
cht
Mexico dead
zone is one of the
largest in the world
S bo tn Road development
in the area has been
severely affected
by the conservation
programmes of the
council.
C th b vi All active
khun lm
ingredients of this
cho thi ra soap powder are
98% biodegradable

14

Dispose (of)

/dspz/

15

effluent

/eflunt/

16

ecology

/ikldi/

17

ventilation

/ventlen/

18

oil slick

19

therefore not damage the

environment
to get rid of
Vt b, x
somebody/something that you do l
not want or cannot keep
liquid waste or sewage
Nc thi
discharged into a river or the sea.
the relation of plants and living
creatures to each other and to
their environment; the study of
this
plant/animal/human ecology
the replacement of unclean air
with fresh air

Sinh thi
hc

/ ol slk /

a film or layer of oil floating on

an expanse of water, especially
one that has leaked or been
discharged from a ship.

Vt du
loang

Genetically
modified

/dnetkli
mdfad/

Bin i
gen.

20

landslide

/lndslad/

21

poach

/pt/

22

Organic

/nk/

(of an organism or crop)

containing genetic material that
has been artificially altered so as
to produce a desired
characteristic.
a mass of earth, rock, etc. that
falls down the slope of a
mountain or a cliff.
Synonym:
rockslide, mudslide, avalanche
illegally hunt or catch (game or
fish) on land that is not one's
own, or in contravention of
official protection.
(n) poaching
(of food, farming methods,
etc.) produced or practised
without using artificial

S thng
hi.

within three days.

The difficulties of
disposing of
nuclear waste
the bay was
contaminated with
the effluent from
an industrial plant.
Oil pollution could
damage the fragile
ecology of the
coral reefs.
The school
building had a
mechanical supply
and exhaust
ventilation system.
Four miles from
Kilkeel off the
coast of County
Down in Northern
Ireland, there is a
fresh oil slick on
the water.
genetically
modified foods

t, b
st l

The house was

buried beneath a
landslide.

Sn, bt
trm.

The elephants are

poached for their
tusks.

Hu c

organic soils

23

aerosol

/ersl/

24

biosphere

/basf(r) /

25

catastrophe

/ktstrfi /

chemicals.
a substance enclosed under
pressure and able to be released
as a fine spray, typically by
means of a propellant gas.
The part of the earth's
atmosphere and surface in which
animals and plants can live.

an event causing great and often

sudden damage or suffering; a
disaster.

Son kh,
bnh phun
ha cht.
Sinh quyn

Thm ha

Aerosol sprays are

the worst cause of
pollution in the
home.
The totality of
living organisms is
the biosphere ,
although this term
is also used to
denote the
environment
inhabited by living
organisms.
Early warnings of
rising water levels
prevented another
major catastrophe

Idioms related to nature

1. can't see the forest for the trees
If you can't see the forest for the trees, you can't see the whole situation clearly
because you're looking too closely at small details, or because you're too closely
involved.
Ex: The congressman became so involved in the wording of his bill that he
couldn't see the forest for the trees; he did not realize that the bill could never
pass.
2. make a mountain out of a molehill
If you make a mountain out of a molehill, you make a small problem seem to be a
much bigger problem.
Ex: Come on, don't make a mountain out of amolehill. It's not that important
3. a drop in the ocean
If an amount is a drop in the ocean, it's a very small portion of the amount that's
needed.
Ex: I know twenty dollars is just a drop in the ocean, but if everyone gave that
much itd make a big difference.
4. Weather a storm

If you weather a storm, you survive a dangerous event or deal with a difficult
situation.
Ex: Bob lost his job, but somehow his family weathered the storm.
5. down to earth
If someone is down to earth, they are practical and sensible.
Ex: He had a down-to-earth attitude that translated into a straightforward, but
effective strategy.