Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

The University of Trinidad and Tobago

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Old Southern Main Road, Graver Road, Valsayn.

An Assignment presented in partial fulfilment of the course AGSC3002 - Agricultural Science II

Lecturer: Mr. Ricardo Hospedales

Student Names and IDs:

Gayatri Dabideen

59730

Ashanna Dookran

59681

Ernesia Guy

59673

Nerissa Ragoobarsingh

50603

Arana Rampersad

50536

Reshma Rampersad

50553

GROUP NUMBRER 5: The Red Brocket Deer (Mazama americana)

Date: September 26th, 2013.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Topic

Page

Abstract
Introduction
Objectives
Rational
Content/Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendations
Acknowledgement
References
Appendices

Abstract

Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Six prospective female teachers were given an assignment on the Neo-Tropical animal (Red
Brocket Deer). The prospective teachers were given an opportunity to create a group display
entitled The Red Brocket Deer and a nature corner which was in the form of an open day. The
open day allowed us to use our imagination in a collaborative manner to produce various charts,
posters, collages, etc to share with fellow classmates based on the information gathered about
the Red Brocket Deer. In addition we also exchanged ideas to our fellow classmates and gained
new knowledge on other named Neo-Tropical animals that were displayed. The following
portfolio consists of the five factors affecting livestock production of the Neo-Tropical Specie
Red Brocket Deer: housing and environment, breeding and genetics, nutrition and feeding, health
and diseases and socio-economic, its content and how other curriculum areas were integrated and
the significant nature corner.
The information gathered from various sources such as: SFC (Sugarcane Feeds Centre), the
Emperor Valley Zoo, and extra information given to us from our AGSC lecturer were used as the
content which was later formulated as Topics for a number of subject areas emphasizing on the
standard 4 level. Furthermore, the nature corner facilitated the prospective teachers tremendously
which was used as a resource for a number of subjects at different levels of the primary school.
Emphasis was placed on the integration of Agricultural Science with other curriculum areas;
Mathematics, Language Arts, VAPA, Science and Spanish which truly enhanced our display. This
portfolio will foster creativity and appreciation of Agricultural Science for all children at the
primary school level.

Introduction

Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

The Red Brocket is a species of deer that has a characteristic small to medium size. They are the
largest of their genus and there morphology consists of and arched back, stout body, relatively
short tails and average size ears. They have elongated faces and their legs are slim, providing
great agility. The males (stag) can reach to a shoulder height of 30 inches and weigh between 6075 pounds and their body length ranges from 41-57 inches. The females (does) are almost the
same size as the males. Their bodies are covered in a reddish brown fur with the underside of the
coat, inclusive of the inner thighs and underside of the tail, being white. The head and neck are
grey-brown colour and legs (near the joints) are darker, having a shade of brown-black. The
young (fawns) are typically light brown in colour with white spots and lack the dark brown
pigmentation. Only the adult males have antlers, which are spikes that grow from a short swollen
pedicel and reach almost 4-5 inches for its maximum length. Occasionally there are older males
that grow one or many brow tines. The female have mammae (teats).
This portfolio will therefore explore the Red Brocket Deer and the five factors affecting livestock
production. It also will provide numerous ideas for utilizing the five factors as content for varied
curriculum areas of the primary school. It also entails innovative ways in which primary school
teachers can execute exciting lessons for their students. The five factors were used as the content
to integrate a number of subjects across the primary school curriculum. Prospective teachers will
have the opportunity to use this portfolio as a tool which will guide them in delivering culturally
relevant lessons in the classroom. Furthermore this portfolio will help primary school teachers to
capture the attention of students and help develop meaningful qualities in them. The nature
corner will aide as a major resource for not just Agricultural Science but for many other subject
areas for the primary school curriculum.
Objectives
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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

The following are the objectives for the portfolio:1) Describe the five primary factors affecting livestock production the Neo- Tropical specie
o
o
o
o
o
2)
3)

Red Brocket Deer.

Housing and the Environment
Breeding and genetics
Nutrition and feeding
Health and diseases
Socio-economic
Develop a business approach to agriculture.
Use the nature corner constructed to teach the concepts as outlined on the agricultural

science syllabus.
4) Utilize the knowledge gained from the red brocket deer research and integrate other
curriculum subject areas, emphasizing the standard 4 level.

Rational
The purpose of this portfolio is to allow prospective teachers opportunities to explore the
concepts of agricultural science at the primary school level. It is also geared for teachers to
appreciate the importance of agriculture in todays society. Additionally, this portfolio focuses to
change the negative attitudes to agriculture in order to be successful in any future endeavor.
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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Furthermore, prospective teachers are enlightened with innovative ideas, new knowledge about
the Neo-Tropical animal (Red Brocket Deer) and how to integrate its content with other
curriculum subjects emphasizing the standard 4 level. The nature corner of the Red Brocket Deer
will allow teachers and especially students to explore science and other curriculum areas in a
significant, exciting and purposeful way. Our nature corner, displayed non-living organisms
which will definitely assist teachers to help develop the inquisitive qualities in children.

Content/Findings
Housing and Environment
The Red Brocket Deer enclosures are usually constituted of square or simple rectangle-shaded
fenced areas. The enclosure design is normally acceptable; however in the majority of the cases
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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

where this design is used, the handling and controlling of the animal is different.
Fences- it is important that there is a visual barrier in the fence. The visual barrier can be
obtained using vegetation close to the fence, masonry, wood, or even the use of canvas, bamboo,
or some other semi-opaque material. The vegetation at the fences is the most viable option for
Zoos, as is bears a low cost and natural aspect for the enclosures. The enclosure should be
rounded so the Red Brocket can refrain from getting shocked by the fences. Rounding the
corners of the enclosure will reduce this problem. The post of the fence should be on the outside
so accidents and injuries can be prevented. Additionally, the fence mesh must be on the deers
side of the enclosure to provide a smooth surface that minimizes potential trauma to the running
animal. The fences should be at least two meters high since Red Brocket Deer likes to jump.
Floor- a paddock is another word for field or meadow. The floor of the paddocks should be made
of soil with vegetable covering it, thus providing a natural aspect to the enclosure.
Enhancements- since Red Brocket Deer are shy in nature; logs are placed in the yards so that
they can hide from stranger. Also, spare tree trunks on the ground can be a good visual option but
special care should be taken in selection and placement of trunks as they may be the cause of
accidents.
The trunks/ logs are always placed in the center of the paddock; the animal generally avoid the
central area during stressful situations. As well, they should have areas in the paddock where
thermoregulation occurs; building shallow ponds, tanks or lakes. Grass thickets or shrub species
should be carefully placed in a Zoo as cervids will tend to hide themselves all day, hindering the
visitors ability to see the animals.
Equipment For Red Brocket Deer housing the following can be used : mesh, fencing, visual
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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

barriers; masonry, canvas woods, semi-opaque tennis court netting or even bamboo.
Feed and Water Delivery- the food and watering trough should be placed at the stall corners
and must have an external access for keepers through a small door so that it is not necessary to
enter the stall to feed the deer. In general, a plastic pail/ tray is the safest system to offer water
and foods for the animals.
General Maintenance- keepers manually remove stool and uneaten food from the yards (to
further used as manure), however Red Brocket Deer clean/ groom themselves.
Natural Habitat The animal tends to stay near marshes, swamps, streams and along thick
vegetation as there is easy access to food and water.
Forest/ woodlandsmust be the furthest 5000 meters away from the sea or river.
Open space for grazingthey obtain food from forages in the forest, agricultural fields and
gardens. However, during the dry season they avoid sun as they may be seen if predators are
around. They also shade from the sun by going into thick forages, behind logs, and under trees.
Nocturnal (active at night) animals; active at dusk and during the nocturnal period. The doe
takes care of her young by hiding her fawns from predators in dense covered and returning only
to suckle (hind behaviour). This is only for the period of the fawns first six months of life until
weaning. Additionally, does teach fawns protection strategies which will assist them significantly
in protecting themselves in the future like hiding in thick bushes and forages animal predators
and hunters.

(See Appendix A)
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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Genetics and Breeding

Family: Cervidae (Deer)
Order: Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates)
Class: Mammalia (Mammals)

Species and Family:

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Red Brocket (Mazama Americana) the most common and widespread, found from Mexico to
Argentina. It is the largest of its species with a mature weight of about 20kg.
Gray (brown) Brocket (Mazama Gouazoubira) found throughout Latin America. It is lightly
smaller and weighs about 17kg.
Lesser Brocket (Mazama Rufina) resides in small and scattered locations in Venezuela, Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. It weighs about 10-20kg.
Dwarf Brocket (Mazama Chunyi) found only in the pockets of forests and bush in certain
mountains in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru. The smallest brocket, it weighs
only 8 -12kg.
Litter Size/Clutch: 1 offspring a year
Mode of Reproduction: Viviparous animal as it brings forth live young which have developed
inside the body of the parent.
Mating: Monogamy does occur in mated pairs; however, single male deer will exhibit polygamy
where he mates with nearby females. In such situations, there is competition for females whereby
fighting with horns and biting are done in order to establish a dominant male who is ultimately the
one chosen to mate with the female. Red brocket deer do not have a fixed mating season and it can
occur anytime. Upon the birth of a fawn, the doe caters to the needs of the fawn until the weaning
period is reached which is at 6 months. Even in the mated pair situations, paternal care is not
carried out and the fawn is taken care of by the doe alone.
Gestation/Incubation Period: 200-225 days, breeding an average of once per year.

Time to Sexual Maturity: Does attain sexual maturity after they have passed 13 months and stags
attain maturity at 12 months.
Weaning: New born deer suckle their mother milk until the weaning period (6 months). During
the weaning stage, the young stays with the mother and obtains all food from the mother foraging
as it makes its transition from milk to a different nutrient source. The young are hid in thick
vegetation to conceal them from predators while the mother forages. When the fawn is able to
walk and move about without the aid of the mother, the fawn learns the foraging strategies from
the mother and is able to get its own source of food while accompanying the mother.
Description of Animal:
The red brocket is a species of deer that has a characteristic small to medium size. They are the
largest of their genus (brocket deer) and their morphology consists of an arched back, stout body,
relatively short tails and average sized ears. They have elongated faces and their legs are slender,
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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

providing agility. The males can reach to a shoulder height of 30 inches and weigh between 6075 pounds. However, there have been some records where the weight is found to be up to 140
pounds in males in Suriname. Their body length ranges from 41-57 inches. The females are
approximately the same size as the males. Their bodies are covered in a reddish brown fur with
the underside of the coat, inclusive of the inner thighs and underside of the tail, being white. The
head and neck are a grey brown colour and legs (near the joints) are darker, having a shade of
brown-black. This brown black pigmentation on the fur also occurs at the back of the neck as
well as the dorsal line. Fawns are typically light brown in colour with white spots , and lack the
dark brown pigmentation. Only the adult males have antlers, which are spikes that grow from a
short swollen pedicel and reach to approximately 4-5 inches for its maximum length.
Occasionally there are older males that grow one or many brow tines (branches of antlers). The
females have 4 mammae (teats).
(See Appendix B)

Nutrition and Feeding

Nutrition is: the study of nutrients in food, how the body uses nutrients, and the relationship
between diet, health and disease. Or, the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for
health and growth.

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Feeding: Feeding is a term used to provide a person or animal with food, to aid in their
development considering their nutritional requirements. The red brocket deer can be considered a
concentrate selector, it gets energy from simple carbohydrates like sugars and starches
Type of feed: The Red Brocket Deer is considered an herbivore and its diet comprises of grass,
tender green roots, fruits and seeds and they tend to damage much of the edible flora they live in.
Form in which the animal acquires or is provided with food:
The red brocket deer eats food from the trees or grasses in its habitat, or they are provided with
food from caregivers (those that are found on a farm). They have been seen consuming fungi in
the wet season, when food availability is low. The Red Brocket Deer is a wild ruminant animal
that has a complex stomach that allows them to digest plant material via the use of symbiotic
bacteria. How this is accomplished is via regurgitation (expulsion of food from stomach to the
mouth).

In extreme cases where fruit and fungi becomes scarce, it may eat stems, bark, petioles, leaves,
and animal matter instead.
Plant foods: leaves, roots and tubers, wood, bark or stems, seeds, grains, and nuts, fruit, flowers,
other foods and fungus.
Mode of Ingestion:
Ingestion occurs when an animal takes food into its digestive tract.
The red brocket deer breaks down food molecules into smaller pieces, so the food circulates

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

around their bodies to their cells by chewing.

Frequency:
The red brocket deer is fed two times a day by care givers, but it is seen chewing for the majority
of the day because they regurgitate the grasses eaten to obtain the full nutritional value.
Special nutritional requirements:
The animals are given medication when ill by a veterinarian. They are also given vitamins and
antibiotics, to ensure they are healthy.

(See Appendix C)

Health and Diseases

Prevention is better than cure:
The Red Brocket Deer is a very shy deer, it prefers to stay in its natural habitat. If held in
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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

captivity in a caged structure which it is not accustomed to, it may have lesions due to shock
against the enclosed fence. The deer may try to escape and can even harm or kill itself .
Signs of a healthy animal: The Red Brocket Deer has a glossy coat, stool is firm and eyes are
clear and clean, animal eats well and display agile abilities.
Specific diseases: The Red Brocket Deer can acquire a disease called salmonella which is a
result of other animals having a disease which be transmitted to the deer. Bloat is another
disease which is caused by giving the deer to much prepared food and not enough food from the
natural environment.
Mode of transmission: Through other animals.
Symptoms: Running nose, watery stool and looses appetite.
Handling and Treatment. The deer is placed into isolation to avoid transmission to other
animals that may be in the same cage. Medication is given to the deer in extreme cases.
Prevention measures: Ensuring the animal stays in its natural habitat. The Red Brocket Deer
held in captivity should have foot baths at the entrance of the cage so zoo attendances can
cleanse the sole of their shoes to prevent any diseases that may be transmitted to the deer.
Animal safety concerns: In Trinidad and Tobago there is a ban on hunting of these neo-tropical
animals. Anyone found hunting the animal can be fined up to $100, 000 or be given 12 months
imprisonment.

General pet health and care: The Red Brocket Deer loves its environment. Once the animal is

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

placed it natural habitat and allowed to consume its natural food, the health of the animal should
be maintained. The Red Brocket Deer grooms itself. Because of their diet, they pretty much take
care of themselves.

(See Appendix D)

Socio Economic Factors

The Neo-Tropical Animal
The male and female deer only come together when its time to mate. After they have mated the
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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

male goes on its own away from the female. Once the female gives birth, she will hide her young
and leave it for an unknown period of time before coming back to nurse. She stays with the fawn
until it has reached sexual maturity as the fawn becomes an independent animal.
Social Benefits of animal human interactions.
The Red Brockets are very skittish animals and they tend to get frightened easily, so there is
hardly any major interaction with humans. There are farmers though who raise the deer as pets or
for the meat.

Human economic benefits.

Farmers who rear deer sell the meat. Deer fetches a very high price per lb. There are also people
who hunt the Red Brocket Deer. These people also sell the deer meat. This is how some people
make a living.
The Ecosystem.
Red Brockets play an essential role within the Amazonian ecosystem. They alter plant
communities and the overall structure of the forest by grazing and dispersing seeds. Without Red
Brockets, certain plant seeds would not be dispersed and might become endangered or face
extinction. Red Brockets are known to hide their food by burying them in the wild. They often
forget it and seeds from their food fruit grow into trees. Red Brockets are also the main source
of food for jaguar, ocelots and pumas.

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

(See Appendix E)

FIVE FACTORS OF
ANIMAL
PRODUCTION
CONTENT

SUBJECTS

SECTION OF
SYALLABUS

OBJECTIVES
TO BE ACHIEVED
At the end of this lesso
students will be able t
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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

HOUSING AND THE

ENVIRONMENT

Mathematics

3.1.3
Solve problems involving
linear measurements.

Solve word problems involv

linear measurements.(metr
units: cm, m)

Science

5.1.1
Differentiate between
weather and climate.

Distinguish between weathe

and climate.

Language Arts

1.1.1 Know ways of

interacting with a range
of aural aesthetic stimuli
for enjoyment.

Demonstrate listening skills

and speaking conventions
when communicating.

VAPA

1.1.1
Become aware of the
variation of line, shape,
texture, color, and tone
in 3D shapes.

Create an exhibit in the for

of a nature corner showing
five primary factors of anim
production as they relate to
red brocket deer.

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

BREEDING AND
GENETICS

HEALTH AND
DISEASES

Mathematics

3.1.6
Solve problems
involving mass/weight

Solve word problems involv

mass/ weight of the red bro
deer. (kg)

Language Arts

11.1
Know how to expand the
basic sentence type by
adding nouns, adjectives,
and adverbs (single
word/phrase) to enrich
sentences.

Use the named parts of spee

to enhance sentences.

Mathematics

3.1.8
Solve problems in reallife situations involving
time.

Solve practical problems

involving time. (administer
medicine)

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

NUTRITION AND
FEEDING

SOCIO- ECONOMIC
FACTORS

Mathematics

3.1.7 Understand that

time can be quantified.

Solve practical problems

involving time (feeding time
red brocket deer)

Science

2.1.1
Justify the need for
eating healthy foods.

Justify eating choices simila

the red brocket deers diet.

Mathematics

3.1.6
Solve problems involving
mass/weight.

Solve problems involving

mass/weight when feeding r
brocket deer.

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Language Arts

2.1.2
Know how to use the
5Ws + H to gain
meaning from aural text.

Create questions using the

5Ws + H after listening to
teachers aural text.

VAPA

1.1.1
Gain an understanding
of the elements of a
production.
(presentation, costume,
characterization, dance,
music and staging)

Create a dance performanc

characterizing the red broc
deer and the hunter.

Discussion

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

During the course of this semester we conducted extensive research on the Red Brocket Deer.
Our main goals were to focus on the five factors of animal production, preparation of a
schematic unit using the five factors of animal production, an open day presentation and a nature
corner. In this open day presentation, we displayed all the research that we gathered. We
showcased our schematic unit plan along with resources for each topic and the five factors of
animal production.
The five major factors of animal production are housing and the environment, breeding and
genetics, nutrition and feeding, health and diseases and socio- economic factors. Each factor was
used separately and a thematic unit plan was developed for each factor. At heart of these lessons,
was the nature corner that was made especially for the open day. The nature corner was used as a
resource in nearly every single lesson that was planned. Since children need to be exposed to real
world experiences, the nature corner would have been the next suitable avenue if the children
were not able to visit the zoo or farms.
The subject of mathematics is one example that is taken from the unit plan under housing and the
environment. The objective of the lesson is to solve word problems involving linear
measurements (metric units: cm, m). The nature corner was used as the major resource. The
students would be able to go with their rulers and measure the length and width of the nature
corner. This would be providing the children with hands on activities and supplying them with
real word problems and concrete resources where they are able to see, touch and feel.
Our research lead us to acquire new knowledge. We can utilize this new knowledge to our
advantage and use it to develop the students. The five factors of animal production can be used to
develop caring, respectful and socially conscious citizens. The students can learn to appreciate

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

the animal because it provides us with food and its indigenous to this part of the world. They can
understand their history and know that these animals were reared by our ancestors. They will
also be educated on the socio-economic aspect, where there are people who hunt these animals
and sell them to make a living.
The knowledge acquired by us future teachers during this research process will be passed on to
the students to help develop them so that later on in life they can competently lead our country
on the world stage. Trinidad and Tobago has a very high food importation bill and we will hope
that these students who are going to be the future leaders will help farmers to develop the local
animal production industry. They will also gain insight into how useful the red brocket deer is to
the eco- system, given that there are a lot of trees being cut down or going into extinction.
Information about the five major factors of animal production will be passed on to the students
so they themselves can learn how to rear animals and with that knowledge in hand some of them
can start their own businesses.

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Conclusion
In closing, the usefulness of Agricultural Science along with other curriculum areas will surely
be beneficial to the students of the nation. They will be able to gain an appreciation for
Agricultural Science through innovative teaching methods and the use of the various resources.
Definitely, they will be equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to pursue future
careers of their choice.

Recommendations
Upon a number of lengthy discussions about our assignment on the Neo-Tropical animal (Red
Brocket Deer) amongst ourselves we recommend the following:o Primary school teachers should utilize this powerful thematic approach when preparing
and planning lessons.
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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

o Teachers should use themes across the curriculum which will allow them to be good time
managers and classroom managers.
o Teachers should use innovative ways (as mentioned in this portfolio) to deliver effective
Agricultural Science and other lessons.
o The nature corner should be used to teach concepts on the Agricultural Science syllabus
and other syllabi of the primary school in purposeful ways.
o Teachers should promote the value of Agriculture in many interesting ways and its
significance in promoting a better nation for the upcoming generation.

Acknowledgement
The Agricultural Science students of The University of Trinidad and Tobago (Valsayn Campus)
wish to thank the Emperor Valley Zoo staff members and the curator of the Zoo Mr. Biptah, for
allowing us to conduct an informal interview on our selected neo-tropical animal and for
granting us sufficient time to observe the Red Brocket Deer (female) in captivity .

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Additionally, we wish to extend our thanks to our dedicated lecturer Mr. Hospedales for his
patience and pedagogical knowledge throughout our Agricultural Science journey.
And, the Sugarcane Feeds Centre for accommodating us to observe the Red Brocket Deer in a
captive environment and a farm representative who, enlightened us on his knowledge regarding
this neo-tropical animal.
Thank you!
References
Chebez,J.C. & A. Johnson. (1984). Las Cozuclas. Fauna Argentina No. 77. Centro Editor de
America Latina. 33pp.

Gayot, M, Henry, O. Dubost G. and Sabatier, D. (2004). comparative diet of the two forest
cervids of the genus Mazamain French Guiana. Journal of Tropical Ecology .

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

CambridgeUniversity Press. 20: 31-43

Durate, J.M.B., Vogliotti, A. & Barbanti, M. 2008. Mazama americana. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Retrieved: 2nd February, 2015.

Giacalone,J., Willis, G.E. (1997). Brocket Deer (Mazama Americana). Mammal Directory
Montclair State University. <http://rainforest.montclair.edu/pwebrf/rain
forest/Animals/mammals/brocketdeer.html>. Retrieved: 14th February, 2015.

Huffman,B. (2004). Red Brocket: Mazama americana. The Ultimate Ungulate.

Factsheet<http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Mazama_americana.html>.
Retrieved: 1st March, 2015.

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, (2000),

http://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/42176-Mazama-americana Retrieved: 23rd Fenbruary, 2015.

IUCN Red List, The Red Brocket Deer http://www.iucnredlist.org Retrieved: 10th March, 2015.

Jansa, S. (1999). Mazama Americana. Animal Dicersity Web.

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Mazama_americana/. Retrieved: 16th February,
2015.

Mauricio, J, Durate, B: Dixon & Captive Management (in class handout)

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Pitchlake Multimedia, Trini Planet (2003, 2006) http://www.eco.triniplanet.com/wildtnt/trinidad-tobago-eco-conservation-endangered-wild-tnt-mammals.php Retrieved: 10th March,
2015.

Singh, R (2012), The Online Guide to Animals in Trinidad and Tobago. The University of the
West Indies. http://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/documents/Mazama_americana.pdf Retrieved: 9th
February, 2015.

Valera, D. Trovati, R. & Durate, K (Erxleben 1777) The Red Brocket Deer Mazama Americana.
(in class handout)

Appendices
Appendix A Housing and Environment

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Appendix B Genetics and Breeding

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Appendix C Nutrition and Feeding

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Appendix D Health and Diseases

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Appendix E Socio Economic Factors

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Appendix F Display

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

Appendix G Nature Corner

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Neo Tropical Animal The Red Brocket Deer

37