Chapter 32: The Crisis of Authority

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1.

The election of Richard Nixon in 1968 was aided by

A) Nixon's popular appeal and
charismatic personality
B) Nixon's image of dedication to
traditional values
C the public's desire for an escape
) from conservative government
policies
D) the support of the New Left and
the liberal electorate
E) the resurgence of the New Deal
coalition

2.

The social and cultural protest of the 1960s and 1970s stemmed from groups that sought to change
American society by all of the following means except
A) destroying the corrupt elite and returning
power to the people
B) abandoning middle-class values and attaining
individual liberation
C) overthrowing the present government and
establishing a complete democracy
D demanding racial and economic justice and
) wiping out all forms of discrimination
E) escaping from what they called the modern
"technocracy"

3.

The people who became the New Left in the 1960s received much of their inspiration from earlier
experiences in the
A) Weatherme
n
B) Socialist
Party
C Civil Rights
) movement
DNational
) Organization
for Women
E) Black
Panthers

4.

The New Left expressed its radicalism in all of the following ways except
A) disruptions on college and
university campuses
B) political demonstrations
opposing the Vietnam War
C) public condemnation of the
"Weathermen"
D) rallies that included draft card
burnings
E) moves to keep the ROTC off
campuses

5.

The strength of the New Left was indicated by

A) the conversion of the antiwar
movement into a national crusade
B the large numbers of the population
) who supported its radical tactics
C) the impact of the Weathermen upon
the American public
D) the election of New Left candidates
E) the decline of conservative politics in
the South

6.

Rock music in the late 1960's

Apromoted a
) subversion of
the current
culture
B praised the
) liberation of
humanity
C often
) affirmed
drug use
Dincluded
) mystical
influences
from eastern
religions
E) all of the
above

7.

The philosophy of the counterculture is best expressed by the statement that

A) adherence to conventional values is the
road to personal fulfillment
B life must be in tune with nature and
) dedicated to the free expression of the self
C) the first responsibility of the individual is to
society
D) destruction and violence are the only
proper reactions of youth
E) politics must be the first priority of a
changing society

8.

By the early 1970s, rock music and television began to abandon traditional values and to deal more
often with all of the following themes except
A roma
) ntic
love
B social
) confli
ct
C) drug
s
D rebell
) iousn
ess
E) ange
r

9.

In the late 1960s, the least prosperous, least healthy, and least stable minority group in American
society was the
A) Hispanic
Americans
B) AfricanAmericans
C) Native Americans
(Indians)
D) Asian
Americans
E) European
Americans

10. Under the policy of "termination," the federal government changed its approach to Native Americans
by
A) withdrawing all recognition of tribes as legal
entities
B) forcing individual Native Americans to adapt
themselves to the white world
C taking reservation lands from individual
) owners and making them the communal
property of the tribes
D placing the reservations under the
) jurisdiction of the National Congress of
American Indians (NCAI)
E) encouraging a return to tribal control of
communal land
11. "The Declaration of Indian Purpose" of 1961 stressed the objective of
A) returning Indian lands to the tribes that had lost them
B) persuading the federal government to honor its longforgotten treaty obligations
C) establishing the American Indian Movement
D) pursuing guerrilla actions against corporate expansion
on tribal lands
E) winning the right for American Indians to choose their
own way of life

12. In the 1985 case of County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation the Supreme Court's decision raised
the possibility that
A)Native Americans might reclaim land lost when
the federal government violated old treaties
B) social discrimination against Native Americans
might be outlawed by Congress
C) Native Americans might gain full civil rights
under the Constitution
D) tribal laws might gain full legal sanction within
reservations
E) Native Americans did not have the constitutional
right to vote
13. The largest Mexican-American barrio in the United States is in
A) New York
City
B) Chicago
C) Detroit
D) San
Francisco
E) Los
Angeles
14. Cesar Chavez, leader of the United Farm Workers (UFW), obtained a victory for itinerant workers
when
A) many Florida orange growers awarded the UFW a
wage increase
B) some California grape growers signed a contract
with the UFW
C) he launched a successful protest march in
Washington, D.C.
D)he obtained passage of a California state law for
bilingual education in the public schools
E) the Florida legislature banned the use of non-union
farm laborers

15. Bilingualism
Apromoted
)schooling of
non-English
speaking
students in
their own
language
Bwas rejected
) by the
Supreme
Court in 1974
C was
) embraced by
all Hispanics
Dseemed to
)make it easier
to assimilate
into
mainstream
culture most
believed
E) all of the
above
16. In rejecting the concept of the "melting pot," many minority groups began to argue for all of the
following ideas except
A) a "culturally pluralist" society
B) affirmative action programs
C) ethnic studies programs
D)
minority assimilation
E) a renewed emphasis on cultural
identity
17. The "Stonewall Riot" in New York City in 1969 was significant because it marked the beginning of
A) the National Organization for Women (NOW)
B) a movement for the Equal Rights Amendment
C) a movement for civil rights for prisoners
D)
the gay liberation movement
E) a new violent phase of the Civil Rights
movement for blacks
18. In her book The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan argued for the idea that
A women who lived the "ideal life" of the
) suburban housewife were often not
fulfilled individuals
B women who banded together could
) overcome a male-dominated society
C the happiest women were those who led
) fulfilled lives in purely domestic roles
D equality in the workplace could best be
) achieved via passive feminism
E) the women's political movement was
unnecessary

19. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was significant to the women's movement because it
A) barred the practice of paying women less
than men for equal work
B) struck down all laws prohibiting abortion
during the "first trimester"
C inspired grassroots organizations that aided
) women in their search for equality
D) provided federal legislation that was used to
attack sexual discrimination
E) declared that women must receive equal
pay on the job
20. In its early years, the National Organization for Women (NOW) directed its efforts mainly toward
assisting
A) women in the
workplace
B) battered women
C) women in the military
D suburban women with no
) outlet for their creative
energies
E) younger, more affluent
women
21. Radical feminists of the 1970s and 1980s advocated
A challenging sexism
) at a grassroots level
B assaulting the male
) power structure
C rejecting the notion
) of marriage and
family
D abandoning sex
) between men and
women
E) all of the answers
above
22. During the 1970s and 1980s, the status of women improved in all of the following ways except
A) women began to compete effectively for elective and
appointive political offices
B) women attained considerable new success in academic
fields
C) women achieved the economic position of equal pay for
equal work
D) women gained acceptance in some previously all-male
fields
E) women competed in sports previously thought to be in
the male domain

23. Although Congress approved the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972, the amendment finally died
because
A) the Democratic party reversed its
support
B) women displayed an increasing
indifference to equal rights
C Congress failed to pass the measure
) by the required two-thirds majority
D NOW withdrew its support for
) legislation it felt was not
comprehensive
E) the time for ratification by the
states expired
24. The Supreme Court decision in the 1973 case of Roe v. Wade stated that
A under the constitutionally guaranteed "right to privacy," all
) state laws prohibiting abortion during the "first trimester" of
pregnancy were invalid
B) the states had no jurisdiction concerning privacy matters
C) the civil liberties of the unborn were federally protected by
the First Amendment
D) issues concerning the "first trimester" of pregnancy came
under the jurisdiction of the states
E) the states had the right to determine if abortion would be
legal in their state
25. The "new science" of ecology that emerged after World War II emphasized
A) preserving nature for the sole reason that it was beautiful
B) genetic engineering as a way of avoiding congenital diseases
C) the importance of the interrelatedness of the world's
environment
D) the possibility of cloning body parts for transplants
E) participatory democracy was the only way to achieve
environmental protection
26. A development in the environmental movement in the years after World
War II was
Asupport for the
) environmental
movement from
other social
organizations
Benvironmental
) science classes
being added to
college curricula
Cthe emergence of
) environmental
lobbyists in
Washington, D.C.
Da renewed vigor of
) environmental
groups such as the
Sierra Club
E) all of the answers
above

27. By the 1960s, the major force behind the environmental movement was
A)
activists within the Republican party
B) the poor condition of the environment itself
C) President Johnson's aggressive war on industrial
polluters
D) the cooperation of big business in passing
meaningful protection laws
E) isolationists who believed we needed to focus on
matters at home
28. During the 1968 election campaign, Richard Nixon referred to the Vietnam War with the dramatic
phrase of
A) "death before
dishonor"
B) "peace with
honor"
C "no substitute
) for victory"
D) "peace in our
time"
E) "guns and
glory"
29. When Richard Nixon became president in 1969, he was committed to all of the following objectives
except
A) achieving
international
stability
B) ending the Vietnam
War
C) restoring order in
America
D) maintaining
American credibility
E) settling the abortion
issue
30. In an effort to bring an end to the controversy over the Vietnam War, Richard Nixon's first moves
were to authorize changing U.S. policy by
A) creating the draft lottery and gradually withdrawing
U.S. troops from Vietnam
B) bombing North Vietnamese harbors and negotiating
with the North Vietnamese
C) bombing the Cambodian staging areas and the Ho Chi
Minh Trail
D immediately withdrawing U.S. troops from Vietnam and
) signing a ceasefire agreement with the North
Vietnamese
E) firing William Westmoreland as commander in charge
of operations

31. Four students were killed at Kent State University during a protest of
A) the treatment of civil rights workers in
Alabama
B) the American bombing of Laos and
Cambodia
C) the death of Martin Luther King, Jr.
D) the draft policies of the American
government
E) the plundering of the environment by
major industries
32. The most intense antiwar activity and the repeal of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution occurred as a result
of the
A release of
) the
Pentagon
Papers
B Cambodian
) invasion of
1970
C "Christmas
) bombing" of
1972
D Vietnamiza
) tion policy
E) Tet
offensive
33. In the early 1970s, a majority of Americans became increasingly concerned about the course of the
Vietnam War for all of the following reasons except
A the publication of the Pentagon Papers showed that the
) government had frequently lied to them about the war
B) morale and discipline among U.S. troops in Vietnam were
rapidly deteriorating
C) the rate at which American soldiers were being killed each
week was continuing to increase
D) the U.S. government was using illegal methods to
discredit antiwar groups in America
E) incidents such as the My Lai massacre showed the
difficulties of the war
34. Nixon's approach to U.S. policy in Vietnam finally resulted in a negotiated settlement (the Paris
accords), which provided for
A)
a reunified Vietnam
B) the release of several hundred
American prisoners of war
C)the withdrawal of North
Vietnamese troops from the South
D)removal of Chinese Communist
troops from North Vietnam
E) an end of any battles against the
Viet Cong

35. During the two years following the American pullout of troops from South Vietnam, the North
Vietnamese
A)withdrew from South Vietnam and
redirected their troops into Cambodia
B)established a democratic form of
government in a reunited Vietnam
C occupied the South and established a
) united Vietnam under the control of
Hanoi
D) aided the Khmer Rouge in gaining
control of Cambodia
E) decided that reunification was an
unrealistic goal
36. Nixon's efforts to establish a new relationship with China were a result of his belief that Communist
China
A) must be strengthened to counteract the
power of the Soviet Union
B)would ally itself with the Soviet Union if the
United States did not prevent it
C) must be reunited with the Chinese of
Taiwan
D) would pull out of North Vietnam if allied
with the United States
E) would reject communism before the end of
the decade
37. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Nixon administration took all of the following actions
toward the Communist government of China except
A) sending a secret mission to Beijing to
carry on discussions
B) having the president personally visit
China
C) nurturing friendship with China to make
the Soviet Union uneasy
D) assisting China in joining the United
Nations
E) establishing formal diplomatic relations
with China
38. As a result of the SALT I talks of 1972, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed that they
would
A) not create any new nuclear
weapons systems
B) destroy some of their
nuclear weapons
C) take no action regarding
arms limitation
D freeze their total number of
) ICBMs at current levels
E) cease building all nuclear
weapons

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39. The Nixon-Kissinger policy toward the Third World, as expressed in the Nixon Doctrine, signified that
A) Third World countries would receive substantial financial
support from the United States
B) U.S. interests in the Third World had declined
C) the United States would attempt to establish stronger
political alliances with Third World countries
D) the United States would support leftwing governments in
Third World countries
E) the Nixon administration would extend such programs as
the Peace Corps
40. The Yom Kippur War of 1973 altered America's relationship with the countries of the Middle East.
One lesson the United States learned was that
A) U.S. support for Israel would improve
relations with Egypt
B in the future, the United States would have to
) consider the interests of the Arab nations as
well as those of Israel
C) Third World nations would now be more
cooperative with the United States
D) support for Egypt might jeopardize future oil
shipments to the United States
E) the Israeli military would find it difficult to
defeat Egypt
41. American actions in the settlement of the Yom Kippur War of 1973 resulted in
A censure of the
) United States by the
United Nations
B the withdrawal of
) Israeli troops from
Jordan
Can oil embargo
) against the United
States by the Arab
nations
D) the closing of the
Suez Canal
E) an Israeli attack of
Syria
42. The Jewish state of Israel is surrounded by all of the following territories or countries except
A) Egypt
B) Jordan
C) Iraq
D) Syria
E) Palestin
e

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43. In attempting to address the needs of the "silent majority," Nixon

A) provided strong support for the
nation's welfare system
B) vetoed the proposed Family Assistance
Plan (FAP)
Cordered the Department of Health,
) Education, and Welfare to cut off funds
to schools that had not complied with
Court orders to desegregate
D dismantled many of the social programs
) created during the Kennedy and
Johnson years
E) urged a return to the philosophy of the
New Deal
44. In the 1962 case of Baker v Carr, the Supreme Court ruled that
A) state governments must give rural voters
more representation
B state governments must give urban voters a
) more equal share in choosing elected officials
C the voting age must be lowered to eighteen to
) give young people their proper voting rights
D the poll tax was unconstitutional and must not
) be used to restrict voting in the South
E) state governments could no longer declare
abortion illegal
45. When Chief Justice Burger succeeded Chief Justice Warren, the attitudes of the Supreme Court
changed. The best summary of that change is that the Court
A)remained committed to social reform but followed a
moderate path concerning many other issues
B)overturned many decisions concerning social reform
but staunchly defended civil liberties
C became more conservative regarding decisions
) concerning big business and more liberal in its
interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment
D overturned many decisions concerning the civil rights
) of criminal defendants and greatly increased the
power of law enforcement agencies
E) began to overturn the landmark civil rights
decisions of the 1960s
46. Nixon's reelection in 1972 was aided by all of the following except
A)
his defense of traditional values
B)
the liberal politics of George McGovern
C)
a divisive split in the Democratic party
D) the tremendous campaign funds acquired and dispensed by
his re-election committee
E) his refusal to use the office of the presidency for his own
personal advantage

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47. In 1973, for the first time since World War II, the United States faced
Aincreasing
) competition
from OPEC
countries in oil
sales
B declining
) gasoline
prices
C an insufficient
) fuel supply
Ddecreasing
) dependence on
oil imports from
the Middle East
and Africa
E) its first
recession
48. The most significant cause of the soaring inflation of the 1970s was
A) America's decreasing supplies
of coal and iron
B) a large increase in the price
of oil
C) the monetary policies of the
Federal Reserve
D) the fiscal policies of the
Republican administration
E) Nixon's reduction in defense
spending
49. In the late 1960s, American manufacturers, particularly those in steel and automobiles, began to
face additional competition from
A) Western Europe and
Japan
B) Japan and Eastern
Europe
C) Eastern Europe and
Latin America
D) Latin America and
Western Europe
E) Africa and Western
Europe
50. Nixon's policies for curbing inflation included all of the following except
A) wage and price controls
B) devaluation of the dollar
C) a sharp rise in interest
rates
D) a significant increase in U.S.
oil production
E) a decrease in government
spending

13

51. During the Nixon administration, the United States suffered from all of the following economic
problems except
A) high
inflation
B high
) unemploy
ment
C economic
) stagnation
D excessive
) GNP growth
rates
E) trade
deficits
52. By the time Nixon became president, the power structure of the federal government had changed,
so that the
A) federal bureaucracy had become swollen and
unresponsive to the president
B) president had lost the power to veto legislation
C Supreme Court had become excessively powerful
) and unresponsive to the needs of the president
D) White House staff had decreased both in
number and influence
E) legislative branch was incapable of enforcing
political ethics
53. Of Nixon's close friends and advisers, the one who first voiced allegations that Nixon was directly
involved with the Watergate break-in was
A) John
Ehrlichman
B) H. R.
Haldeman
C) John Dean
D) John Mitchell
E) G. Gordon
Liddy
54. Howard Baker's question "What did the president know and when did he know it?" was in direct
reference to the presidents role in the
A) bombing of
Cambodia
B) Watergate
cover-up
C "Saturday
) Night
Massacre"
D suppression of
) the Pentagon
Papers
E) Paris peace
talks

14

55. The evidence in the Watergate case, based on testimony and on the White House tapes, included
that Nixon
A) was innocent of any wrongdoing
B) was involved in the case but was not
proven guilty of any crime
C was guilty of some minor crimes but
) not enough to justify his removal from
office
D was guilty of a major crime:
) obstructing justice by covering up
evidence of the crimes of others
E) was the one who originally ordered
the break-in
56. As the Watergate investigations moved forward, Vice President Spiro T. Agnew
A) began publicly to criticize President Nixon
B) resigned his office to become a Supreme
Court justice
C) resigned from office after pleading no contest
to income tax evasion
D) was assassinated by a frustrated Democrat
E) died from a heart attack and was replaced by
Gerald Ford

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