Chapter 2 Study Guide

Contents
1.

Properties of Addition........................................................................................ 1

2.

Rounding........................................................................................................... 2

3.

Estimation......................................................................................................... 3

4.

Adding Whole Numbers & Decimals..................................................................4

5.

Subtracting Whole Numbers & Decimals..........................................................5

6.

Word Problems.................................................................................................. 5

1. Properties of Addition

Identity Property: Any number plus zero is that same number.

o Example: 8 + 0 = 8
o Hint: Identity is who you are the number keeps its identity.
Commutative Property: If you change the order of the addends, the sum
stays the same.
o Example: 45 + 15 = 15 + 45
o Hint: Commute = back and forth
Associative Property: If you group the addends differently in parentheses,
the sum stays the same
o Example: 3 + (9 + 6) = (3 + 9) + 6
o Hint: Association = a group of people

Sample test questions:

1) Fill in the blank from the word bank: Any number plus
that same number.

is

Word Bank
sum

parentheses

zero

2) Multiple choice: The equation 2 + 1 = 1 + 2 is an example of the

o Identity Property
o Commutative Property
o Associative Property

2. Rounding
When you round a number, you replace it with a number thats around the same,
but with fewer digits.
1) Find the place that you are rounding to and underline it.
2) Check the number to the RIGHT of that digit
3) Do you change the underlined digit?
If the digit to the right is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4: the underlined digit stays the
same
If the digit to the right 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9: the underlined digit is increased
by one
If the underlined digit is a 9, then it turns into a 0 and the next
digit to the left is increased by one.
4) All the numbers to the RIGHT of the underlined digit get changed to zeroes.

Example:
Round to the nearest dollar (one)

$841.29

1) Underline the digit in the ones place

2) Check the number to the RIGHT of
that digit
Its a 2
3) Since 2 is smaller than 5, the
underlined 1 stays the same
4) All the digits to the right of the
underlined digit turn into zeroes

$841.00

Round to the nearest tenth

3.963

Answer:
1) Underline the digit in the tenths place
2) Check the number to the RIGHT of
that digit
Its a 6
3) Since 6 is bigger than 5, the 9 should
be increased by one.
But 9 + 1 = 10!
So put a 0 where the 9 is and
add one to the digit to the left
of it
4) All the digits to the right of the
underlined digit turn into zeroes
Answer:

4.00 or just plain 4

Sample test questions:

Round to the place of the underlined digit
2

9,725.8
_____________

6.081
_______________

749,322
________________

3. Estimation
To estimate, you simply round the numbers before adding or subtracting them. This
gives you an answer thats around the real one, but quicker to calculate.
Estimate the sum by rounding to the
nearest hundred:

5 , 834 +3,229

1) Round each number to the nearest

hundred
(see previous page for how to round)

5,800 + 3,200

?
_____
+ _____
__________

2) Find the sum.

5,800
+ 3,200
__________
9,000

_____
Sample test question:
Estimate the difference by rounding
to the nearest dollar (one):

$ 6.65$ 4.73

<< write what $6.65 rounds to

_____
- _____
__________

<< write what $4.73 rounds to

<< subtract and write the difference

here

_____

4. Adding Whole Numbers & Decimals

Important reminders:

When setting up your problem, make sure to line up the decimal points and
place value columns properly.
o Example: 74.5 + 2.38 =

7 4 . 5
+
2 . 3 8
7 6 . 8 8
o

Remember, you can add imaginary zeroes at the right end of the
decimal part so that there are the same number of digits after the
decimal point

If the digits in a column add up to more than ten, carry the tens-place digit
to the next column to the left
o Example: 30.87 + 6.14 =

1
1
3 0 . 8 7
+
6 . 1 4
3 7 . 0 1
Sample test questions:

0 . 9 7 9
0 . 0 8 4

6 0 . 4 3 0 1
7 . 0 5 2 7

2 7 , 3 4 8 . 5
1 , 9 3 1 . 6 2
4

5. Subtracting Whole Numbers & Decimals

Important reminders:

When subtracting, the bigger number goes on top.

o Example: What is the difference between 45 and 32?

4 5
3 2
1 5

When setting up your problem, make sure to line up the decimal points and
place value columns properly.
o Example: 69.66 - 14.3 =

6 9 . 6 6
1 4 . 3
5 5 . 3 6
o

Remember to add imaginary zeroes at the right end of the decimal

part so that there are the same number of digits after the decimal
point

If the top digit is smaller than the digit underneath it, borrow from the next
column to the left
o If the column to the left is a zero, move on to the next column to the
left
o Example: 2.168 0.4531 =

1
7 1
1
0
2 . 1 6 8
5

0 . 4 5 3 1
1 . 7 1 4 9

Sample test questions:

9 . 2 0 9
-

5 . 0 8 3

1 6 8 . 5
-

5 0 . 3 1 2

1 . 0 8 8 7 5 2
-

0 . 0 7 9 2 6

6. Word Problems
Take it one step at a time:
1)
2)
3)
4)

Read the problem carefully.

What information is important? (circle or underline it!)
Is there anything there that you dont need? (cross it out!)
Will you be adding or subtracting?
o Look for hint words:

Addition

Subtraction

sum
combine
increased by
all together
in all
and
total

difference
more than
less than
take away
left over
fewer
change

NOTE: The list above doesnt contain every single possible

hint word you may have to think about the situation
described in the word problem and figure it out. Maybe
drawing a picture or chart could be helpful.
5) Solve the problem, and make sure to show your work!
6

6) Check your answer, to make sure it makes sense.

Example:
Shira Devora buys one cupcake
and one sandwich cookie.
If she has $3.00 in her purse, how
much will be left over after she
pays?
Use this area to write out & solve the problem. Make sure
to copy your final answer to the column on the left.

a)

Shira Devora buys one

cupcake and one
sandwich cookie

<< Think: Hint word and means I should

add the price of the cupcake and the price
of the sandwich cookie
Do the problem and show your work:

How much did Shira Devora spend?

_______$2.25________

b) If she gives the cashier $3.00, what

will her change be?
(Hint: change = difference)

$ 1

5 9

$ 0
$ 2

.
.

6 6
2 5

<< Think: Hint word difference means I

need to subtract

_______$0.75________

$ 3

0 0

$ 2
$ 0

.
.

2 5
7 5

Sample test questions:

Use the space in this column to write
out & solve each problem. Make sure
to copy your final answer to the
column on the left.

1) Batsheva put a 64 ounce carton

of orange juice on the table.

1)

Her brother bumped into the

table and knocked over the juice.
Now Batsheva only has 17
ounces of orange juice left in the
carton.
How many ounces are on the
floor?
___________________________
2) Rivky flew 1,853.7 miles from
Chicago, Illinois to San Francisco,
California.
Then she flew 2,394.6 miles from
San Francisco to Honolulu,
Hawaii.

a)

a) From Chicago to Honolulu,

how far did she travel in all?

________________________________

b)

b) The distance from Honolulu to

Tokyo, Japan is 3,855.8 miles.
How much farther is it from
Honolulu to Tokyo than from
Chicago to Honolulu?
_____________________________