EXERCISE NO.

1
CUTTING FORCE MEASUREMENT
Manufacturing Technology Lab I III Semester A & B
AIM :
To measure the cutting forces for the given cutting conditions.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED :
Lathe, Lathe Tool Dynamometer.
PROCEDURE :
1. The Lathe Tool Dynamometer is initially set to zero reading.
2. The known depth of cut is given and take the readings of P x and Pz force
components from the Lathe Tool Dynamometer.
3. Calculate the resultant cutting force
P = Sqrt (Px2 + Pz2)
4. Repeat the same procedure to get few more readings and calculate the
mean cutting force.
5. Repeat the same procedure for different depth of cuts.
RESULT :
Thus the cutting forces are measured for different depth of cuts.

Px
Py
Px
Py

Pz

Pz

TABULATION :
DEPTH

HORIZONTAL

VERTICAL

RESULTANT

AVERAGE
SL.
OF CUT COMPONENT COMPONENT P = Sqrt (Px2 + Pz2)
NO.
(mm)
Px (kg)
Pz (kg)
(Kg)
(Kg)
1
0.50
2
0.50
3
0.50
4
0.50
1
2
3
4

0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75

NOTE :
1. Pz the main or tangential component, determines the torque on main
drive mechanism, the deflection of the tool and the required power. This
component acts in the direction of the cutting speed.
2. Px the axial component, acts in the direction of the tool traverse and it
is at right angles to Pz. It contributes very little to the power
consumption.
3. Py the radial component, acts along the tool shank and perpendicular
to the other two components. It has no share in the power consumption.

EXERCISE NO. 2
SHEAR ANGLE MEASUREMENT
AIM :
To measure the shear angle to the given conditions.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED :
Lathe, Single point turning tool, Micrometer.
PROCEDURE :
1.

The workpiece is held in the chuck.

2.

The known depth of cut is given (uncut chip thickness, t1).

3.

The chip is taken for thickness inspection. Find the mean chip thickness, t2.

4.

Calculate the chip thickness ratio, rc = t1 / t2

5.

Calculate the shear angle for the given rake angle of the tool.
rc cos
tan = ----------1 - rc sin
where, - rake angle.

6. Repeat the same procedure to get few more readings and calculate the
mean shear angle.
7. Repeat the experiment for different depth of cuts.

t2

t1

Tool

Workpiece

NOTE :
1. The value of Shear angle depends on the cutting conditions, tool geometry,
tool material and work material.
2. If the Shear angle is small, the plane of the shear is large, the chip is
thicker, more force is required to remove the chip.
3. If the shear angle is large, the plane of shear will be shorter and the chip is
thin. Hence, less force is required to remove the chip.

CHIP THICKNESS :
LC = Least Count
DEPTH PITCH SCALE HEAD SCALE HEAD SCALE
CHIP
SL. OF CUT
READING
COINCIDENCE
READING
THICKNESS
NO.
t1 (mm)
(PSR)
(HSC)
HSR = HSC*LC t2 = PSR + HSR
1
0.25
2
0.25
3
0.25
4
0.25
1
2
3
4

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

SHEAR ANGLE :
UNCUT
CHIP
CHIP
SHEAR ANGLE
CHIP
THICKNESS THICKNESS
AVERAGE
SL.
RATIO
SHEAR ANGLE
NO. THICKNESS
1
2
3
4

t1 (mm)
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25

1
2
3
4

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

t2 (mm)

r c = t1 / t2

RESULT :
Thus the shear angle is found for different depth of cuts.

EXERCISE NO. 3

SURFACE GRINDING
AIM :

70

50

50

To grind the workpiece to the given tolerance using surface grinding machine.

70
90.01

10

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED :

Surface Grinding machine, Micrometer.
PROCEDURE :
1. The given workpiece is checked for its initial dimensions.
2. The permanent magnet worktable is cleaned thoroughly.
3. Keep the workpiece over the worktable and push the lever to ON position
to hold the workpiece.
4. The required depth of cut is given by raising the table.
5. The reciprocating and cross feed is given to grind the required length and
width of the workpiece respectively.
6. Finally, the finished workpiece is checked for the given dimensions.
RESULT :
Thus the given workpiece is ground to the given tolerance using surface
grinding machine.
EXERCISE NO. 4

SPUR GEAR MILLING

AIM :
To machine gear to the given module and number of teeth in the given
workpiece.

50
18

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED :

Milling machine, Vernier caliper, Mandrel.
PROCEDURE :
1. Calculate the gear tooth proportions.
Blank diameter
Tooth depth
Tooth width

=(Z+2)m
= 2.25 m
= 1.5708 m

where,
Z = Number of teeth required
m = module
2. Indexing calculation
Index crank movement = 40 / Z
3. The dividing head and the tail stock are bolted on the machine table. Their
axis must be set parallel to the machine table.
4. The gear blank is held between the dividing head and tailstock using a
mandrel. The mandrel is connected with the spindle of dividing head by a
carrier and catch plate.
5. The cutter is mounted on the arbor. The cutter is centred accurately with
the gear blank.

6. Set the speed and feed for machining.

7. For giving depth of cut, the table is raised till the periphery of the gear
blank just touches the cutter.
8. The micrometer dial of vertical feed screw is set to zero in this position.
9. Then the table is raised further to give the required depth of cut.
10.
The machine is started and feed is given to the table to cut the first
groove of the blank.
11.After the cut, the table is brought back to the starting position.
12.

Then the gear blank is indexed for the next tooth space.

13.

This is continued till all the gear teeth are cut.

CALCULATION :
Z = No. of teeth

= 23

m = module

= 2 mm

Blank Diameter

= (Z + 2) m
= (23 + 2) 2
= 50 mm

Tooth Depth

= 2.25 m
= 2.25 * 2
= 4.5 mm

Indexing Calculation

= 40 / Z
= 40 / 23
= 1 17/23

RESULT :
Thus the required gear is machined using the milling machine to the required
number of teeth.
EXERCISE NO. 5

CAPSTAN LATHE
AIM :

12
18

20

To machine the workpiece to the given dimensions using capstan lathe.

12

18

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED :

Capstan Lathe, Stopper, drill chuck, counter sink bit, drill bit, turning tool,
parting off tool, Vernier Caliper.
PROCEDURE :
1. Prepare the tooling layout for the given workpiece.
2. Set the tools in their respective positions of the tool stations.
3. The workpiece is chucked and checked for the rotation.
4. The adjustment to the length of feed for each tool is adjusted by rotating
the adjustment screws.
5. Feed the tools in the required sequence to machine the given workpiece.
RESULT :
Thus the given workpiece is machined to the given dimensions using capstan
lathe.

EXERCISE NO. 6

ASSEMBLY - I
AIM :
To machine and assemble the given workpieces to the given dimensions using
required machines.

18

30

M 25.4 x 3.75

40

10

30

Chamfer 45 x 2

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED :

Lathe, Turning tool, Parting tool, Threading tool, Vernier caliper.
PROCEDURE :
1. The given workpiece is checked for its initial dimensions.
2. The workpiece is chucked and turned for the required dimensions.
3. The external thread is made on the workpiece.
4. The internal thread is made on another workpiece.
5. Check for the mating of internal and external threads formed.
RESULT :
Thus the given workpieces are machined as per the given dimensions and
assembled using the required machines.

EXERCISE NO. 7
ASSEMBLY - II
AIM :

20

10 5

5 10

50

55

40

40

50

55

To machine and assemble the given workpieces to the given dimensions using
required machines.

20

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED :

Lathe, Vernier caliper.
PROCEDURE :
1. The given workpieces are checked for its initial dimensions.
2. The workpiece is chucked in lathe and machined to the projection
dimensions as given in the figure.
3. The other workpiece is machined for recess dimensions as given in the
figure.
4. Mate both the workpieces.
RESULT :
Thus the given workpiece is machined as per the given dimensions and
assembled using the required machines.
EXERCISE NO. 8

MILLING OF HEXAGONAL SURFACE

AIM :
To machine a given hexagonal surface in a given workpiece using milling
machine.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED :
Milling Machine, Vernier caliper, Steel rule, Mandrel
PROCEDURE :
1. The given workpiece is checked for its dimensions.
2. The width across the flat is first determined ( Across flat = 1.5 S + 3 mm )
3. A universal dividing head is mounted on the table with its spindle swiveled
to the horizontal position.
4. The workpiece is mounted at the nose of the dividing head spindle by the
help of a suitable chuck.
5. The workpiece is centred below the cutter and the first cut is taken.
6. The workpiece is rotated through one sixth of a revolution by using the
indexing mechanism and then the second cut is taken. It is to be repeated
for six number of times to finish six faces of the workpiece.
RESULT :

S=20

Thus the required hexagonal surface is machined using the milling machine to
the given dimensions.

CALCULATION :
Diameter, D = 2 x S
Distance across the Flat

Depth of cut

Diameter (D) Distance across the Flat

----------------------------------------------------2

(1.5 x S) + 3mm

INDEXING CALCULATION :
For Hexagonal surface, the number of faces, Z = 6.
Simple Indexing

40
---Z

40
---6

26
6 ---39

EXERCISE NO. 9

CNC LATHE
AIM :

20

20

10

30

20

To create a workpiece with the help of CNC Lathe Machine.

20