H0 : Voting behavior is independent of candidates profile/past performance and

voters education background

H1: Voting behavior depends on candidates profile/past performance and voters
education background

Case Processing Summary

Cases
Valid
N

Missing

Percent

Total

Percent

Percent

Recoded_CandidateProfile *
Highest Educational

143

100.0%

.0%

143

100.0%

Qualification

Recoded_CandidateProfile * Highest Educational Qualification Crosstabulation

Highest Educational Qualification
Graduate
Recoded_CandidateProfile

Disagree

Count
% within
Recoded_CandidateProfile

Agree

Count
% within
Recoded_CandidateProfile

Total

Count
% within
Recoded_CandidateProfile

Post Graduate

Total

25

28

89.3%

10.7%

100.0%

76

39

115

66.1%

33.9%

100.0%

101

42

143

70.6%

29.4%

100.0%

Chi-Square Tests

Value

Asymp. Sig. (2-

Exact Sig. (2-

Exact Sig. (1-

sided)

sided)

sided)

df

Pearson Chi-Square

5.842a

.016

Continuity Correctionb

4.777

.029

Likelihood Ratio

6.782

.009

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear Association

5.801

N of Valid Cases

.016

Point Probability

.019

.011

.013

.011

.019

.011

.019

.011

143

a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.22.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
c. The standardized statistic is 2.409.

Symmetric Measures
Value
Nominal by Nominal

N of Valid Cases

Approx. Sig.

Exact Sig.

Phi

.202

.016

.019

Cramer's V

.202

.016

.019

Contingency Coefficient

.198

.016

.019

143

From the above crosstab, we can see that the significant value of chi square is less
than 0.05 so we can reject the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis might
be true. We can infer that most of the voters with a post-graduation degree agrees
that the candidates profile and his past performance are important factors while
taking a decision to vote for any specific candidate.

.009

H0 : Voting behavior is independent of transparency in election campaign and voters

education background
H1: Voting behavior depends on transparency in election campaign and voters
education background

Case Processing Summary

Cases
Valid
N

Missing

Percent

Total

Percent

Percent

Recoded_Transparency *
Highest Educational

143

100.0%

.0%

143

100.0%

Qualification

Recoded_Transparency * Highest Educational Qualification Crosstabulation

Highest Educational Qualification
Graduate
Recoded_Transparency

Disagree

Count
% within
Recoded_Transparency

Agree

Count
% within
Recoded_Transparency

Total

Count
% within
Recoded_Transparency

Post Graduate

Total

41

49

83.7%

16.3%

100.0%

60

34

94

63.8%

36.2%

100.0%

101

42

143

70.6%

29.4%

100.0%

Chi-Square Tests

Value

Asymp. Sig. (2-

Exact Sig. (2-

Exact Sig. (1-

sided)

sided)

sided)

df

Pearson Chi-Square

6.114a

.013

Continuity Correctionb

5.195

.023

Likelihood Ratio

6.515

.011

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear Association

6.071

N of Valid Cases

.014

Point Probability

.020

.010

.013

.010

.020

.010

.020

.010

143

a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14.39.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
c. The standardized statistic is 2.464.

Symmetric Measures
Value
Nominal by Nominal

N of Valid Cases

Approx. Sig.

Exact Sig.

Phi

.207

.013

.020

Cramer's V

.207

.013

.020

Contingency Coefficient

.202

.013

.020

143

Again, here we see that the chi-square value is less than 0.05 so we can reject the
null hypothesis. So the alternate hypothesis might be true. From the above data we
can see that most of the voters with a post graduate degree consider transparency
as an important factor while the voters without a post-graduate degree doesnt
consider transparency as an important factor.

.007

H0 : Voting behavior is independent of a political partys PM/CM candidate and

voters education background
H1: Voting behavior depends a political partys PM/CM candidate and voters
education background

Case Processing Summary

Cases
Valid
N

Missing

Percent

Total

Percent

Percent

Recoded_PMCandidate *
Highest Educational

143

100.0%

.0%

143

100.0%

Qualification

Recoded_PMCandidate * Highest Educational Qualification Crosstabulation

Highest Educational Qualification
Graduate
Recoded_PMCandidate

Disagree

Count
% within
Recoded_PMCandidate

Agree

Count
% within
Recoded_PMCandidate

Total

Count
% within
Recoded_PMCandidate

Post Graduate

Total

35

42

83.3%

16.7%

100.0%

66

35

101

65.3%

34.7%

100.0%

101

42

143

70.6%

29.4%

100.0%

Chi-Square Tests

Value

Asymp. Sig. (2-

Exact Sig. (2-

Exact Sig. (1-

sided)

sided)

sided)

df

Pearson Chi-Square

4.626a

.031

Continuity Correctionb

3.800

.051

Likelihood Ratio

4.962

.026

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear Association

4.594

N of Valid Cases

.032

Point Probability

.043

.023

.043

.023

.043

.023

.043

.023

143

a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.34.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
c. The standardized statistic is 2.143.

Symmetric Measures
Value
Nominal by Nominal

N of Valid Cases

Approx. Sig.

Exact Sig.

Phi

.180

.031

.043

Cramer's V

.180

.031

.043

Contingency Coefficient

.177

.031

.043

143

In this case also, the chi-square value is significant so we can reject the null
hypothesis, and alternative hypothesis might be true. We can infer from the data
that though a majority of both graduate and post-graduate believe that the PM/CM
candidate will affect the voting decision, however, a much larger percentage of
post-graduate believe this is a very important factor while deciding to vote.

.016

We did similar crosstab analysis for all the other factors with education qualification
of voters, however, for all the other hypothesis, the value of chi-square was not
significant and the null hypothesis was true. All those crosstab outputs SPSS are
shared in a separate file