INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

AERONAUTICAL
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ANNEX 10
TO THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION

VOLUME I
(RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS)

FIFTH EDITION OF VOLUME I JULY 1996

This edition incorporates all amendments adopted by the Council

prior to 13 March 1996 and supersedes, on 7 November 1996, all
previous editions of Annex 10, Volume I.
For information regarding the applicability of the Standards and
Recommended Practices, see Foreword.

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION

AMENDMENTS
The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the
monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual
Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below
is provided to keep a record of such amendments.

RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA

AMENDMENTS
No.

Date
applicable

Date
entered

1-71

Incorporated in this edition

72

Did not affect this volume

73

5/11/98

74

4/11/99

75

Entered
by

Did not affect this volume

76

1/11/01

77

28/11/02

7/11/96

CORRIGENDA

(ii)

No.

Date
of issue

31/3/03

Date
entered

Entered
by
ICAO

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 1.

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 2. General provisions for radio

navigation aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8

Aids to approach, landing and departure . . . .

Short-distance aids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radio beacons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) . . .
[Reserved] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distance measuring aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ground and flight testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provision of information on the
operational status of radio navigation aids . . .
2.9 Secondary power supply for radio
navigation aids and communication
systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.10 Human Factors considerations . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 3. Specifications for radio navigation
aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1
3.2

Specification for ILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specification for precision approach
radar system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Specification for VHF omnidirectional
radio range (VOR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 Specification for non-directional radio
beacon (NDB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 Specification for UHF distance
measuring equipment (DME) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6 Specification for en-route VHF marker
beacons (75 MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7 Requirements for the global navigation
satellite system (GNSS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8 [Reserved] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.9 System characteristics of airborne ADF
receiving systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10 [Reserved] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11 Microwave landing system (MLS)
characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX A. Microwave landing system
(MLS) characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ANNEX 10 VOLUME I

Page

Page

(v)

APPENDIX B. Detailed technical

specifications for the global navigation
satellite system (GNSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP B-1

1.
2.
3.

Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GNSS elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APP B-1
APP B-1
APP B-1

Figures for Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP B-94

2
3
4
4

ATTACHMENTS

4
4
4A

4A
4A

ATTACHMENT A. Determination of integrity

and continuity of service objectives using
the risk tree method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

91

ATTACHMENT B. Strategy for introduction

and application of non-visual aids to approach
and landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Objectives of strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

97
97
97
97
98

ATTACHMENT C. Information and material for

guidance in the application of the Standards and
Recommended Practices for ILS, VOR, PAR,
75 MHz marker beacons (en-route), NDB and DME . .

99

5
5
20A

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

22
24
27

6.
7.
8.

41
42

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material concerning ILS installations . . . . . . . .
Material concerning VOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precision approach radar system . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specification for 75 MHz marker
beacons (en-route). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material concerning NDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material concerning DME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material concerning power supply
switch-over times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

99
100
132
139
141
142
149
160

ATTACHMENT D. Information and material

for guidance in the application of the
GNSS Standards and Recommended Practices . . . ATT D-1

42F

43

1.
2.
3.

69

(iii)

Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATT D-1

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATT D-1
Navigation system performance
requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATT D-1

1/11/01
5/11/95
No. 76

Annex 10 Aeronautical Telecommunications

Volume I
Page

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

GNSS core elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aircraft-based augmentation system
(ABAS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Satellite-based augmentation system
(SBAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ground-based augmentation system
(GBAS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signal quality monitor (SQM) design . . . .
Status monitoring and NOTAM . . . . . . . .
Interference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recording of GNSS parameters . . . . . . . .
GNSS performance assessment . . . . . . . . .
GNSS and database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modelling of residual errors . . . . . . . . . . .

Page

ATT D-4

ATTACHMENT G. Information and material

for guidance in the application of the MLS
Standards and Recommended Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ATT D-5
ATT D-6

1.
2.

ATT D-9
ATT D-19
ATT D-31
ATT D-32
ATT D-32
ATT D-33
ATT D-33
ATT D-33

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Figures for Attachment D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATT D-35

9.
ATTACHMENT E. Guidance material on the
pre-flight checking of VOR airborne equipment. . . . . .
1.
2.

Specification for a VOR airborne

equipment test facility (VOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection and use of VOR aerodrome
check-points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ATTACHMENT F. Guidance material

concerning reliability and availability of
radiocommunications and navigation aids . . . . . . . . . . .
1.
2.

28/11/02
1/11/01
5/11/95
No. 77
76

Introduction and fundamental concepts. . . . . . .

Practical aspects of reliability
and availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

162

10.
11.

162
12.
163
13.
14.
165

15.

Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signal-in-space characteristics angle
and data functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ground equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Siting considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operational considerations on siting of
DME ground equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrelationship of ground equipment
monitor and control actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Airborne equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operations at the limits of and outside
the promulgated MLS coverage sectors. . . . . . .
Separation criteria in terms of signal
ratios and propagation losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material concerning MLS installations
at special locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Integrity and continuity of service
MLS ground equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Classification of MLS approach azimuth,
elevation and DME ground facilities . . . . . . . . .
Computed centre line approaches. . . . . . . . . . . .
Application of Table G-15 service level
objectives for MLS/RNAV operations. . . . . . . .
Application of simplified MLS
configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

169
169
169
176
177
184
184
184
188
188
189
189
192
193
197
198

165
Tables for Attachment G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figures for Attachment G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

167

(iv)

199
215