Design of auto-guard system based on RFID and network

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
With the rapid development of national economy, automobiles have increased greatly as the
human's important vehicles. In todays world owing a car is not a big deal but safeguarding
the owned car has become a great deal. Even though the modern automobiles are
heterogeneously combined by the combination of latest digital components it had also created
the opportunity for new attacks. However, it is the development of modern technology that
makes the commit means of crimes become smarter and the automobiles stolen events more
frequent.

Several security and tracking systems are designed to assist corporations with large
number of vehicles and several usage purposes. A fleet management system can minimize the
cost and effort of employees to finish road assignments within a minimal time. Besides,
assignments can be scheduled in advanced based on current vehicles location. Therefore,
central fleet management is essential to large enterprises to meet the varying requirements of
customers and to improve the productivity. However, there are still some security gaps where
these technologies dont prevent a vehicle from theft, dont assist to recover it and dont
allow the users to know the status of their vehicles. They cant permit the owner to
communicate with the vehicle online, even if the owner is certain that the vehicle was stolen.

Compounding this issue, in order to resolve the attack over the automotives many
security systems such as car alarm, radar communication system and immobilizer perceptions
are in existence. The current prevailing security system has certain disadvantages by itself.
Hence it has become evident to develop a security system to make an identity and monitor the
security of an automotive.

Electronics anti-theft is the most widely used among all the appliances at the moment.
But the chip one and the network one are the developing directions of the auto-guard
technology.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a method of identifying unique

items using radio waves that communicates between RFID tags and readers without Line-ofsight readability. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly growing technology that

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has the potential to make great economic impacts on many industries. While RFID is a
relatively old technology, more recent advancements in chip manufacturing technology are
making RFID practical for new applications and settings. RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification) technology which is passive, contactless, secure and convenient identifies
objectives automatically and gets the data through the radio frequency signals. It meets the
need of the intellectualized guarding perfectly.

GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is the technology that underpins
most of the world's mobile phone networks. The GSM platform is a hugely successful
wireless technology and an unprecedented story of global achievement and cooperation.
GSM has become the world's fastest growing communications technology of all time and the
leading global mobile standard, spanning 218 countries. GSM is an open, digital cellular
technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM operates in the
900MHz and 1.8GHz bands GSM supports data transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbps, allowing
the transmission of basic data services such as SMS.

1.1 System principle of design of auto-guard system based on RFID and

network

Figure 1.1 Auto-guard system based on RFID and network

The system mainly includes three parts controller, RFID and mobile communication, as
shown in figure1.1.

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Controller
The core of this system is microcontroller which includes monitoring circuit (checking the
state), matrix keyboard, actuator, sound-light alarm devices (loudspeaker and car light),CAN
communication and power management. This system will send sound-light alarm as soon as
the damage is checked by the sensor to warn the thieves and send the information to ECU
(Electronic Control Unit).In that case, ECU can control the delay to cut off the electric circuit
and oil circuit. In the meanwhile, the ECU also sends message to hosts for help. So it is
convenient to control the auto for hosts. And users can also select the priority of auto control
casually, such as MCU, ECU or hosts.

RFID
RFID system consists of three parts. They are antenna, tag and reader. The principle of RFID
system is that the reader puts the signals to be sent into a carrier signal with a certain
frequency after encoding. And then the signals will be sent out by antenna. When the pulse
signals are received by tag which works within the scope of the reader, the circuit in the chip
will do some work like modulating, decrypting and decoding. And then it will distinguish
between the command request, passwords or permission. If it is the read command, the
control logical circuit will get the message from the memory.

After encrypting, encoding and modulating, the message will be sent to reader by the
antenna in the chip. And then after demodulating, decoding and decrypting, the reader is
going to send the message out to the center of message system to manipulate data. If it is the
write command of message modification, the inner charge pump originated by control logical
circuit will pull the working voltage up, so that the content in the E2PROM will be modified.

Only when the key with right identification code is inserted into ignition switch, the
auto can start up in a right way. When the ignition switch is turned off, the reader will send
a13.56MHz charge pulse out to the tag. It will charge the capacitor as soon as the pulses are
received. So the responder is able to give a specific code to reader. As a result, the signals are
transmitted between the antenna of reader and the antenna of tag. The control part of the
reader will encode signals and compare them with the codes in microcomputer. If they are in
the same, the control process of engine and ignition switch will start up immediately by the
control part. As soon as there is one bit different from each other, the system will send the
alarm information out.
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Mobile communication
GSM is a module with isolated operation system, RF process, baseband process and the
function module providing standard interfaces which integrated RF chips of GSM, baseband
chips, memory and amplifier on the same circuit board. Designers make the microcomputer
communicate with GSM module by RS232 serial port and also use the standard AT
instructions to control GSM module to realize all kinds of communication, for example,
sending message and making telephone and GPRS dial internet. But the function of sending
message is usually adopted to realize the long-range control just because of the low cost and
well real-time.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
Security systems nowadays have become a need for vehicles available with many modern
features. This includes car security system with extra access and intelligent alarming. This
system will be accessed and configured by owner using bluetooth module communication via
mobile phone to turn in on or off. The system suggests that GSM based security system are
more stout than an ordinary security system. Due to the insecure environment the ratio of the
vehicle theft increases rapidly. Because of this the manufactures of the automotive are taking
some serious steps for the protection of their valuable vehicles which includes activating
alarms, steering wheel lock systems. They ensure authorization for the owners and also
inbuilt these anti-theft system to prevent car from theft.

2.1 Alarm system

If a user wants to think about a car alarm in its simplest form, it is nothing but one or more
sensors connected to some sort of siren. The very simplest alarm would have a switch on the
driver's door, and it would be wired so that if someone opened the door the siren would start
wailing. User could implement this car alarm with a switch, a couple of pieces of wire and a
siren. The ordinary systems are simply based on the concept of sensors. They sound an alarm
on detecting movement. Alarm system notifies people when the theft occurs. If someone
attempts to steal a vehicle, audio equipment, other automotive equipment or personal
belongings in a vehicle, the system detects this attempt and issues an alarm to avert it. This
system of technology has now lost its appeal as it became a common sighting in meteors
where these alarms go of unnecessarily.

Most modern car alarm systems are much more sophisticated than this. They consist
of an array of sensors that can include switches, pressure sensors and motion detectors. A
siren often is able to create a variety of sounds so that user can pick a distinct sound for the
car. A radio receiver allows wireless control from a key fob. An auxiliary battery is also
provided so that the alarm can operate even if the main battery gets disconnected. A computer
control unit monitors everything and also sounds the alarm. It also known as the "brain" of
the system.

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Figure 2.1 Car alarm system

2.2 Immobilizer system

To prevent the theft of a vehicle itself, an immobilizer system disables engine startup or
prevents its being moved. The system immobilizes the system either electronically by
restricting the operation of electric automotive equipment or mechanically by locking the
steering wheels, pedals, or gearshift lever.

Figure 2.2 Immobilizer system

The system shown in figure2.2 is activated when the ignition key is removed. Every
time there is an attempt to start the car, the system transmits a new code. Only when the ECU

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authorizes this code, the immobilizer deactivates and the engine can be started. In order for
the computer to start, all immobilizer components must be coordinated and encoded with the
same code. New encryption technology protects the system from duplications of electronic
keys However; no system can provide 100% protection from theft.

2.3 Intelligent anti-theft and tracking system for automobiles

As shown in figure2.3, when the car starts running, the client receives a confirmation SMS
that it is running now. If this is illegal operation or any intruders try to run the car, the owner
can send SMS to switch off the car. Afterwards, the system will check the mobile number for
received message, to confirm that the phone number could access the security system; if the
phone number is legal the system will turn off the car. If the owner needs to track the vehicle,
the owner will have to send SMS containing special code, after that the owner will receive an
SMS containing the GPS coordinates of the car, the SMS updating its content every
predetermined period. Also the car owner can connect another GSM modem with laptop to
track the vehicle immediately using Google Earth.

Figure 2.3 Intelligent anti-theft and tracking system for automobiles

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2.4 Design of auto-guard system based on RFID and network

In order to overcome the disadvantages of the techniques applied above a new system
involving advantages of keyless entry and keyless startup was developed. The system
provides a satisfactory performance and meets the anti-theft demands of people. The system
not only makes it impossible for anybody to start the car, let alone moving with it.

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CHAPTER 3

DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 Proposed method
Antitheft security system using AT instructions utilizes a system design with GSM to monitor
and safeguard a car. It secures the car against theft. Upon activation, it automatically
demobilizes the car by disconnecting the ignition key supply from the car battery. This now
makes it impossible for anybody to start the car, let alone moving with it.

3.2 Goal
The main intention of this system is to reduce the theft rate of the car and meet the
Intellectualized auto-guard demand of people.

3.3 Hardware design

Control circuit
The STM8AF51AA made in ST Company is selected as the microcontroller. It is an 8-bit
chip which is very reliable, highly robust and with low cost. And it is designed for
automobile especially. Inside of the chips are E2PROM with real data and varieties of
communication interfaces, such as CAN2.0B, USARTL, INUART LIN2.1, SPI and I2C. Its
operation speed reaches 10 MIPS (16 MHz).

The monitoring circuit is made up of infrared sensors, which is finished product

component in the type of CS9803GP and vibration sensors, CHT-ZD01. The relay is chosen
as the actuator. The PCA82C250 is adopted as the drive interface of CAN bus. The LM7805
and ASM1117 are the power transfer modules. Since three kinds of voltage are needed, 12V,
5V and 3.3V, the system pulls the voltage down to 5V by the regulator LM7805 and then
pulls it down to3.3V through ASM1117 to supply MF RC522.The MAX708 is selected as the
power management chip. When the power is down, it will save the message with the previous
state into E2PROM immediately, so that it is convenient to read when the power is on.
Moreover, when the power voltage becomes low, it produces a reset pulse to avoid program
flying.

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RF interface circuit
Mifare card of NXP Company is the general trend of the market recently. MF RC522 is a
readwrite based chip with low power consumption and contactless character which is
applied for three instruments especially. It is a highly integrated reader for contactless
communication and protocol at 13.56MHz.It supports all the levels of ISO14443A and three
kinds of interfaces, the SPI, I2C and serial UART. It can communicate with any MCU and
associate with PC directly in the way of RS232 and RS485. In that case, it makes terminal
design more flexible than ever. Due to the MF RC522 supporting a variety of digital
interfaces, the connection of external pins can be checked at the moment of reset. MF RC522
requires two extra pins I2Cand EA to connect with low level and high level, besides the four
universal SPI signal wires (clock wire SCK, input data wire MOSI, output data wire MISO
and strobe wire NSS). The two pins wont take part in the transmission of SPI bus, but only
set the digital interface of MF RC522 in SPI way. In addition, CS signal keeps low level
when the data flow in; otherwise it will be at high level.

GSM interface circuit

In this system, the GSM 900/1800 MHz network double band module made in Simcom
Company is selected as GSM module. This module is able to analyze baud rate automatically
and improve the performance of electronic public service. This module with energy save
function, embedded TCP/IP and transparent mode belongs to the series of GPRS in three
frequencies (900/1800/1900).The peripheral circuit of SIM300DZ mainly consists of the
communication interfaces of SIM cassette and module, such as SIM-CLK and SIM I/O,
which are the communication wires of module clock and data, SIM-RST and VCC, which are
the reset and the power supply. Whats more, the RXD and TXD are included in the
peripheral circuit of SIM300DZ which are connected with the serial port of MCU.

It is the AT instructions that transported between the MCU and GSM through the very
two channels. In addition, the GSM module includes voice system channel and MIC channel.
These channels are switched by MCU because of the AT instructions which are mainly
applied to the switching between the voice and microphone in the monitor system. When the
user communicates with the phone equipped in the car, if the button is pressed, it will
produce DTMF signal which is sent out to the multi Frequency decode chip to analyze and
produce Q signal through IN+ and IN-.At this moment, the MCU decides how to operate
according to the Q signal.
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3.4 Software design

The process of main program
This module is the core of the system including the calling and setting of initialized function
of related equipment. In addition, in its main function, the related function of other modules
can be called to complete the program. The basic idea is using the way of polling. A small
loop of every function module can be called in a big loop. And the watchdog is set in each
key position in case of the systems crash. Main process is shown in Figure.3.1.

Figure 3.1 Flowchart of main program

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Personal identification process
Firstly, MF RC522 will be initialized by STM8AF51AA. After setting the registers, MF
RC522 can receive the commands of MCU and implement the operation to achieve the
communication with Mifare card. So the appropriate operation will be done by Mifare card
according to the commands received. However, the IC card is accessed by STM8AF51AA
not only through several simple codes but also a series of operation. They mainly includes:
(1) asking for making up; (2) preventing overlap (preventing the data error caused by
overlapping); (3) selecting card; (4) password identification; (5) read-write. These procedures
of Mifare card must be done in a certain order by STM8AF51AA.When there is Mifare card
into the available range of the antenna, the reading program will perform the operations
above to read the unique 64 bit ID from the card and compare it to the one in E2PROM to
identify the user.

GSM operation process

In this issue, GSM part is the most important and difficult point. When a new message to the
SIM is detected by serial port, it will be activated. The flow chart of the task is shown in
Figure3.2. First, the PDU of message will be read by a special array and command will be
sent out to module. So the message which in the SIM cards memory will be sent out in the
form of OK. It is convenient to read PDU in the way of looking for by pointer. Second, the
telephone number of sender and password and content of UD will be picked up from PDU.
So the operation type will be chosen according to the key words, such as password setting,
user number, oil and power supply and oil and power stop. The PDU (Protocol Data
Unit) codes of these key words are saved in a fixed array and will be compared with the
received codes by strncmp function to get the appropriate operation type.

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Figure 3.2 Flow chart of GSM operation

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CHAPTER 4

ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND

APPLICATIONS
4.1 Advantages
1. The key of the automobile is a RFID card which is contactless, secure and convenient.
2. The microcontroller for vehicle was adopted, which enhanced the reliability and the
capability of antiinterference.
3. It is a low-cost vehicle tracking and monitoring system.
4. It is easy to extend functions and also if the function of position tracking is needed,
the GPS.
5. If the Internet of Things is to be entered, user only needs to rewrite the software
design.

4.2 Disadvantages
1. The use of RFID can cause interference; overloaded reading (fail to read), increase
cost and also some materials may create signal problem.
2. Theft cannot be avoided fully due to few disadvantages in the components used.
3. The RFID card must be carefully kept.

4.3 Applications
1. Preventing theft of automobiles.
2. Many more auto-guards with additional features such as GPS, embedded systems and

computer control were used solely for the anti-theft system in cars for maintaining the
safety of cars from evasion.
3. The software design of the auto-guard system can be implemented using LABVIEW.
4. Auto Guard Anti-Theft is implemented in all Cadillac, Chevrolet, GM and Ford cars.

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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

5.1 Conclusion
The auto-guard system combines the advantages of RFID and GSM together. The key of the
automobile is a RFID card which is contactless, security and convenient. The long-range
monitor and grading responses could be realized by the mobile phones of users, which made
the alarm cover a broad rage. The microcontroller for vehicle was adopted, which enhanced
the reliability and the capability of antiinterference.

The advantages mentioned above meet the requirements of auto-guard system, so that
a better effect was made in practice. In addition, it is easy to extend functions. If the function
of position tracking is needed, the GPS module can be added. If the Internet of Things is to be
entered, user only needs to rewrite the software. As a result, the radio technology at present
can be replaced completely. So the practical value and the market prospect are considerable.

5.2 Future enhancement

Vehicle theft alarm and tracking the location using RFID and GPS
GPS is the most important technology for tracking the location of the vehicle. By using this,
user can easily identify the location in which it is available. Security is the most important
thing that everyone is expecting in their basic needs which is to be fulfilled. To achieve that,
vehicle theft alarm and tracking the location using GPS and RFID is implemented. In this
technique, both security and tracking the vehicle is done. ATMEGA 162v is the low-power
CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. The chip is
ATMEGA162V and the network one is the developing directions of the auto-guard
technology. A buzzer is used to indicate the vehicle and give the alert to the authenticated
user. GSM is used for mobile communication and also for the alert message. Today GPS
fitted cars, ambulances, fleets and police vehicles.

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Figure 5.1 GPS based vehicle tracking system

Brahmastra solution
GPS cannot penetrate forest cover, parking garages or other obstructions. It relays on a short
visible antenna that can be easily broken by a thief. The operations are similar to that of a
GSM or GPS based system with a difference that the SMS is sent to the single board
computer. The single board computer gives the appropriate command to the master ECU
which disables the mechanical parts. Impact sensors are also incorporated to ensure if there is
a break into the car by breaking a glass the siren shall go off and cause an electric shock to
the thief by programming the sensor with PIC microcontroller, when this happens the thief
shall flee out of the car. With areas of less coverage the satellite technology shall come into
effect which shall in turn help with above tasks. The main advantage is that it can be afforded
by the general public and could also be added with additional features as required by the
customer.

Multilevel security system for automotives using RFID and biometric techniques in Lab
VIEW
The system aims at securing the automotive using the technologies like Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) technology, thumb registration system and face recognition which is
efficient by nature. Initially the RFID system gets authenticated. The proposed system
possesses three modes of operations namely training mode, automatic mode and the manual

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mode. The importance of this system is that it gets its verification from the Road
Transportation Office (RTO).This authentication leads to the thumb registration module by
which the efficiency of the thumb is enhanced using Pattern Matching Algorithm (PMA).
Face recognition system is used after the thumb registration. Then the system allows the user
to drive the car. For emergency, a key insertion slot will be placed in the system with the help
of which the user can insert the key. During this emergency mode of operation the camera
captures the drivers image and sends it to the owners mobile as Multimedia Messaging
Service (MMS). The owner provides the password then the system allows the user to drive
the vehicle. Global Positioning System (GPS) module is also kept inbuilt for tracking
purpose. The software testing in this system is done using Lab VIEW. The timing and
efficiency will be analyzed for both hardware and software based on which the
implementation will be done in future.

Figure 5.2 Multilevel security system for automotives using RFID and biometric techniques in
LabVIEW

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