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EE 132 LAB EXPERIMENT NO.

3
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT

I.

Introduction
Power factor is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to
the load, to the apparent power in the circuit, and is a dimensionless
number in the closed interval of -1 to 1. Real power is the capacity of
the circuit for performing work in a particular time. Apparent power is
the product of the current and voltage of the circuit. Due to energy
stored in the load and returned to the source, or due to a non-linear
load that distorts the wave shape of the current drawn from the source,
the apparent power will be greater than the real power. A negative
power factor occurs when the device (which is normally the load)
generates power, which then flows back towards the source, which is
normally considered the generator.
There are two kinds of power factor: leading and lagging.
Lagging power factor is a property of a circuit that is inductive. The
term lagging indicates the current supplied to the circuit lags the
voltage applied. On the other hand, leading power factor describes a
capacitive circuit and the current present in the circuit leads the
applied voltage.

Figure 1.A Power Triangle

Power factor correction or power factor improvement is the


process of altering the power factor unity without altering the current and
voltage. To achieve this, capacitor is to be added in parallel to the circuit
with respect to the load. The capacitor to be used should have a
generated power equal to the reactive power produced by the circuit to
achieve unity or a power factor of 1.
II.

Objectives
1. To examine the technique employed in correcting the load power
factor

III.

Methodology
Experiment is done in simulation using the Multisim v13.0
a. Construct the circuit shown in figure below
b. Using virtual instruments provided by the software, record the
Vrms and Irms
c. Compute for the apparent power and record it.
d. Compute the power dissipated in the lamp and inductor.
e. Compute the power factor using the equation,
pf =

PT
P app

f. Compute and record the load impedance using the equation,

Z L=

eL
IL

g. Compute and record the size of the capacitor required to correct

the power factor to unity using the equation,

L
2
|Z L|

C=

h. Using the capacitors, connect a series-parallel combination of


capacitors, whose equivalent capacitance is equal to that
obtained in step g, across the load.

i. Measure and record the new power factor. Determine its


closeness to unity.

IV.

Results and Discussions

pf (load)

ZL

C
(equivalent)

V.
VI.

Conclusion
Division of Labor

Cyrus Jacinto Judy Ann Sumile Gregel Redublado Michael Lance Mioza -

pf (new)

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