History of Engineering &

Technology
Dr. Hany El-sayed Saad

Lecture one
Introduction to Engineering

Course Specifications
a-Overall aims of course
By the end of the course, the students should be able to:
1-Demonstrate knowledge of the history of engineering
2-Demonstrate the various historical periods and the characteristics of each
period.

B- Intended learning outcomes of course (ILOs)

Knowledge and understanding:
A1-Recognize the meaning of engineering
A2-Define the different engineering periods
A3-recognize historic innovations

i. Project description:
Each project consists of 1 or 2 students as a group
Each group will present one common hard copy paper and one common presentation
Each group must get the approval of the professor on their selected topic
ii. Project dead lines:
Issue date: Feb. 8th, 2015
Presentations: During regular classes after submitting the hard copy.
Delivery of the hard copy to the research center: Mar 12th, 2015
Delivery of the soft copy on the CD to the research center: May 7th ,2015
iii. The project paper includes the following parts:
Literature survey: the students will conduct literature survey using the available references such
as: Reference books, internet sites, etc.
A summary of the literature survey to be written.
A description for the topic, functional diagram, main components, theory of operation,
applications, and future advances.
Conclusion
List of references
Assignment Deliverables and Assessment:
Hard copy of the research paper from 7 to 10 pages, single space, font 14. In addition the
assignment cover page with all required information will include.
(15 points)
One power point presentation for each group.
(20 points)

Rubrics for Research paper:

Category

Points

Description

Introduction

Give a strong introduction of topic with extensive coverage of

relevant literature review

Content
knowledge

Paper reflects a sophisticated understanding of chosen topic

Organization

Method of organization is not only clear, but also well suited

to the topic

Format

Mechanical errors may be present, but are rare.

Conclusion

Conclusion is engaging and restates the papers

References

The paper is including the research references

Total

15

References
Course notes: Hard copies of all the power
points presented in class by instructor are
made available to the students
A. Harms, B Baetx, and R. Volt, Engineering
in time, Imperial collage Press, 2004.

Course Content
Part A:
Introduction to Engineering
Part B:
History of Engineering

Part B: History of Engineering

1. Prehistoric Engineering (106 BP104 BP)
2. Ancient Engineering (8000 BCE500 CE)

3. Medieval Engineering (500 CE1400)

4. Renascent Engineering (14001800)

10

Part B: History of Engineering

5. Expansive Engineering (18001940)

6. Modern Engineering (19401990)

7. Contemporary Engineering (19902000+)

11

Presentation Outlines
Define art, science and engineering
The earliest civil engineer
The development of civilizations and eras

ART
Art is a term that describes a diverse range of
human activities and the products of those
activities.
It refers to the visual arts, which cover the
creation of images or objects in fields
including painting, sculpture, printmaking,
photography, and other visual media.
*Architecture is often introduced as one of
the visual arts

Types of Modern Art

Static Art: or fixed Art like painting, sculpture,
printmaking, photography
Dynamic Art: or moved Art like Music,
theatre, film, dance, Drama and other
performing arts

Detail of Leonardo da Vinci's

Mona Lisa

SCIENCE
Science (from Latin scientia, meaning
"knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that
builds and organizes knowledge in the form of
testable explanations and predictions about the
universe.

 The Science as tree its root is the Scientific

research and its fruits are the Theories and
Discoveries
Theories and Discoveries
Improve the
human life
What are the aims of the science and engineering?
A comparison between the science and
engineering..

Table (1) the Aims and Basic operations of the science and engineering

The Aim
Science
(To Know)

Engineering
(To work)

Basic operations

Search for
knowledge and
theories to
know and
understand
the universe

-The discovery of theories by using experiments

- Analysis to find the suitable design
- Ask why?
- Experimental Design
-Logical skills

Innovation
systems,
equipment and
check the
needs of
society

-Innovation design Production

- Analysis Imagine deriving
- test planning - Communication skills
- problem solving

Engineering
Engineering is the discipline, skill, and profession of
acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and
practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures,
machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.
(from Latin Ingenious, meaning engine")

The American Engineers' Council for Professional

Development (ECPD) has defined "engineering" as:
The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop
structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works
utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same
with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under
specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function,
economics of operation or safety to life and property.

 Engineering represents creative thought and

skilled actions associated with the use or
adaptation of natural materials and natural
phenomena in the conceptualizing, planning,
designing, developing, manufacture, testing,
implementing, improving, and disposing of
devices.

The Engineering History

The earliest civil engineer known by
name is (IMHOTEP )
He probably designed and supervised the
construction of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara in
Egypt around 2630-2611 BC

 Ancient Greece developed machines in both

the civilian and military domains.
The Engineering word was found at 18th
century by JON SEMITON to build the
Lighthouse.
Then the engineering and engineer word is
used in industrial revolution

The development of civilizations and

eras
The names of civilizations and eras:
1. Civilization of Ancient Egypt
2. Mesopotamian civilization
3. Civilization of India
4. Civilization of China
5. Civilization of Greece
6. Civilization of Rome
7. Civilization of Islam
8. Civilization of Europe

 This Civilizations can be divided according to the

historical times:
1. Ancient era (from 4000 until 450 BC)
2. Renaissance era (from 450 BC until 1400)
3. Modern era (from 1400 until now)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Also it can be divided according to the materials

of engineering used:
Stone Age
Copper Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
The era of machines

The era
The most important distinguishing features

The old Stone Age

80,000BC-14,000BC

Middle
Stone Age
14,000
BC7000BC

The
modern
Stone Age
7000Bc6000Bc

Copper
Age
6000-BC4000BC

Bronze
Age
4000BC2000BC

Iron Age
2000BC450

The era of
machines

Knowledge
of
Minerals

The
emergence
of
civilizations
original

Discovery
of
America

The
emergence
of modern
machines

lowermost

Middle

uppermost

The use of
clothing

Agriculture

Manufacture of
Tools from
stone

Industry
arrows of
war

Cutlery

Food
Cooking

Animal
Husbandry

Knowledge
of fire
Housing
caves
Wearing
leather

Drills and
pig
industry
Fishing
Food
Cooking
The use of
clothing

Building
huts
Boating
industry
The
development of
hunting
tools

Pottery
Spinning
and
weaving
industry

Mining
Copper
extraction