PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys272/

PHYSICS 272
Electric & Magnetic Interactions
Lecture 18 (3/20/2013)
Electrical Circuits [EMI 19]

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 1

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys272/

Recallthispicturefromlastlecture

emf
HighV

LowV

What provides the E-field that drives electrons in wires in circuits?

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 2

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Twokeyprinciples
PrincipleI:Chargeconservation
TheCurrentNodeRule
Inthesteadystate,formanyelectronsflowingintoandoutofanode,
electroncurrent:netiin =netiout ,wherei=nAuE
conventionalcurrent:netIin =netIout ,whereI=qnAuE
PrincipleII:Energyconservation
EnergyConservation(TheLoopRule)
Inthesteadystate,foranyroundtrippath,
V1 +V2 +=0

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 3

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Twice the Length

Nichrome wire (resistive)

Quantitative measurement of current with a compass
V
i nAuE nAu
L

i2 L

1
iL
2

Current is halved when increasing the length of the wire by a

factor of 2.

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 4

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys272/

Doubling the Cross-Sectional Area

V
i nAuE nAu
L

Loop: emf - EL = 0

Electron current in the wire increases

by a factor of two if the crosssectional area of the wire doubles.

Nichrome wire
Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 5

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Long and Round Bulb in Series

AR AL

iL nALuE L

iR nAR uE R
i R iL

AR E R AL E L

AR
E L ER
ER
AL
2emf E R L E L L 0
EL

only round bulb:

2emf E R L 0
2emf
ER
L

AR
AR

2emf E R L E L L LER L
E R LER 1
AL
AL
2emf
2emf

ER
L

A
L1 R
The round bulb doesnt light up!
A
L

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 6

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Application2:
(a) Showtheelectricfieldatthesixlocations
markedwithx.

i=nAuE

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 7

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys272/

Application2:
(b) Showtheapproximatesurfacecharge
distribution.

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 8

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Application2:
(c) Calculatethenumberofelectronsthatleave
thebatteryeverysecond.
Currentnoderule:

nAuE1 =n(4A)uE2
E1 =4E2

Looprule:
FNC (0.1L)
E1 L E2 (0.6 L) E1 L 0
e
F
E1 NC
21.5e
F
i nAuE1 nAu NC
21.5e

(d) Calculatethemagnitudeoftheelectricfield
betweentheplatesofthebattery.

EB (0.1L) E1 L E2 (0.6 L) E1 L 0
EB 21.5E1

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 9

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Chapter20:CircuitElements

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 10

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys272/

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 11

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Chargingacapacitor

After0.1sec

After1sec

Aftermanysec

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 12

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Dischargingacapacitor

After0.1sec

After1sec

Aftermanysec

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 13

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Capacitance

-Q

+Q

Electric field in a capacitor: E Q / A

0

V E dl
f

V Es

Q/ A

E
s

0 A
s

In general: Q ~ V
Definition of capacitance:

Q C V
Capacitance Units: C/V, Farads (F)

s
Capacitance of a parallelplate capacitor:
0 A
0 A
C

CK

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 14

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Clicker Q. 1

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PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Clicker Q. 1

D
Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 16

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Clicker Q. 2

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 17

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys272/

Clicker Q. 2

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 18

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

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Unit:J,A/m2;E,V/m;,(A/m2)/(V/m)

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 19

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys272/

Conductivitywithtwokindsofchargecarrier

q1 n1u1 q2 n2u2

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 20

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys272/

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 21

PHYS 272: Matter and Interactions II -- Electric And Magnetic Interactions

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys272/

Spring 2013 Prof. Yong Chen (yongchen@purdue.edu) Head TA: Jonathan Nistor (jnistor@purdue.edu) Lecture 2 Slide 22