Low-Pass Butterworth Filter

Design
NI Multisim 10

Low-Pass Butterworth Filter

Open

Multisim 10 and
start building the
Butterworth LPF like
in figure.
Press CTRL+W to
open the Component
Library.
V1

1 Vpk
1kHz
0

L1
1

L2

0H

0H

R1
0O

C1
0F
0

R2
0O

Low-Pass Butterworth Filter Design

we

will describe the design of a simple

low-pass Butterworth filter using
normalized prototype circuits.

Butterworth

filter has a smooth passband

response and more gradual out-of-band
attenuation.

The procedure for designing a filter

based on a normalized prototype
Step1:

you determine the order of filter that will

be needed to fulfill your design requirements.
Step2: list the element values that will produce a
lowpass filter of that order with a cutoff
frequency of 1 radian/second, with source and
load terminations of 1 Ohm connected to it.
These are the normalized prototype values
Step3: Formulas are used to scale those values
to the actual source and load impedances and to
the actual design cutoff frequency.

Low-Pass Butterworth Filter Design

Cutoff Frequency the point at
which 3dB
Passband Ripple The maximum
allowable ripple within the passband
The frequency at which the specified
passband ripple occurs.

Fc

100 MHz

R(dB)

1 dB

Fr

50MHz

Out of band attenuation

A (dB)

30 dB

The frequency at which the out of

band attenuation must be met

FX

500 MHz

Calculate order (N) of filter

Step1:

The cutoff frequency Fc, out of band attenuation, AdB,

and its frequency Fx, are related to the order of the filter
(n) by the following formula:
2n
Adb

F
= 10 log 1 + X
FC

The cutoff frequency Fc, passband attenuation, RdB,

and its frequency Fr, are related to the order of1 the filter

(n) by the following formula:

R
FC 10 2 n
= 10 1

FR

Based on the values we entered, the filter we are

designing will have to be of order n = 3 to meet all
specifications.

Read prototype element values from

table ---Step2:
Rs=1Ohm

R1
1O

L1=1H

L1
1H

C2=2F

C1
2F

L3=1H

L1
1H

RL=1 Ohm

R1
1O

Recall that the prototype values in the tables have been normalized with
respect to frequency and termination impedance. Note that RS = RL = 1
Ohm. If you used these values to build a filter, the cutoff frequency would be
1 Hertz, and your source and load impedances would have to be 1 Ohm.

Impedance and frequency scale

Step3:

The next step is to de-normalize the prototype element values,

scaling them up to the desired cutoff frequency and input/output
impedance. The transformation formulas that yield the appropriate
values for a desired cutoff frequency and source/load resistor value
are:

Cn
C=
( 2Fc ) RL

l n RL
L=
( 2Fc )

where:
C = the final capacitor value
L = the final inductor value
cn = low-pass prototype capacitor value from table
ln = a low-pass prototype inductor value from table
RL = the desired load resistor value, for impedance scaling
Fc = the desired cutoff frequency
2*pi*Fc= the desired cutoff radian frequency, for frequency scaling

Low-Pass Butterworth Filter

XBP1
IN

L1
1 V1
1 Vpk
1kHz
0

OUT

L2

79.577nH

79.577nH

R1
50O

C1
63.662pF
0

R2
50O

Low-Pass Butterworth Filter

Magnitude Response

Phase Response