!

Chapter!6:!Chemical)Bonds)

Introduc,on!to!Chemical!Bonding!

Ionic!bonding!
!

Wri,ng!the!name!and!
chemical!formula!of!!
ionic!compounds!
Structure!and!
Proper,es!of!ionic!
compounds!

What)is)a)chemical)bond?)

Covalent!bonding!
!

Wri,ng!the!name!and!
chemical!formula!of!
covalent!compounds!
Structure!and!
Proper,es!of!
covalent!compounds!

1!

2!

What!is!a!chemical)bond?!

Why)form)
chemical)bonds?)

When%Atom%1%and%Atom%2%come%close%together%
Posi,vely!charged!nucleus!of!Atom)1!

a<racts!the!nega,velyCcharged!

CHEMICAL BOND
How)are)chemical)
bonds)formed?)
What)are)the)types)
of)chemical)bonds)
formed?)

Atom)2)

outer!shell!electron!of!Atom)2)

Which)atoms)form)
chemical)bonds?)

Posi,vely!charged!nucleus!of!Atom)2!

a<racts!the!nega,velyCcharged!
3!

Atom)1)

outer!shell!electron!of!Atom)1)
4!

What%can%happen%when%there%is%electrosta7c%
force%of%a9rac7on%between%two%atoms?%

What!is!a!chemical)bond?!

Possibility!1:!An!atom!can!steal!electron(s)!from!another!atom!

A!chemical!bond!is!an)electrosta=c)force)of)
a<rac=on)between)opposite)charges.!!
!
Example:!AIrac,on!between!posi,velyCcharged!
nucleus!of!Atom!1!and!nega,velyCcharged!outer!
shell!electrons!of!Atom!2!

Atom)2)

Atom)1)

5!

Nega=velyAcharged)ion)

Nega=velyAcharged)ion)

Atom)2)

Atom)1)

A)

6!

A)

Posi=velyAcharged)ion)

+)

Posi=velyAcharged)ion)

+)

OppositelyCcharged!ions!are!aIracted!to!each!other.!
This!type!of!aIrac,on!is!called!Ionic)Bond.!
Usually,!metal!atoms!form!posi,velyCcharged!ions.!!
NonCmetal!atoms!form!nega,velyCcharged!ions.!
7!

8!

What%can%happen%when%there%is%electrosta7c%
force%of%a9rac7on%between%two%atoms?%

Drawing%only%the%outer%shell%electrons%

Possibility!2:!An!atom!can!share!electron(s)!with!another!atom!
Atom)1)

Atom)1)

Atom)2)

Atom)2)

Atoms!share!electrons.!!
This!type!of!aIrac,on!is!called!Covalent)Bond.!
9!

How)are)chemical)bonds)formed?)

10!

Why)do)atoms)want)to)form)chemical)bonds?)

Bonds!involve!the!electrons!in!the!outer!shell!of!electrons.!
Each!shell!has!a!maximum!number!of!electrons!it!can!hold.!!
Electrons!ll!the!shells!nearest!to!the!nucleus!rst.!!

Atoms!want!to!obtain!fullyClled!outer!electron!shells,!
hence!achieving!stable!noble!gas!electronic!
congura,on!

1st)shell!holds!a!maximum!
of!2)electrons)
2nd)shell!holds!a!maximum!
of!8)electrons)
3rd)shell!holds!a!
maximum!of!8)electrons)
11!

12!

Recap!

Atomic!structure!of!elements!in!Group)0)

Which)atoms)do)not)form)bonds?)
Atoms)of)noble)gases))
Have!fullyClled!outer!electron!shell!!
Stable!!
!
!
They!do!not!need!to!gain!or!lose!electrons!to!form!
fullyClled!outer!electron!shells!
So,!they!do!not!form!bonds!(Unreac,ve)!

duplet)

octet)

13!

Which)atoms)usually)form)bonds?)

14!

What)are)the)types)of)bonding?)

Atoms)of)Group)I)to)VII)elements)
Have!par,allyClled!outer!electron!shells!!!Unstable!
Need)to)either)gain)or)lose)or)share)electrons)to!form!
fullyClled!outer!electron!shells!!
So!they!usually!form!bonds!

Dierent!types!of!bonds!are!formed!depending!on!the!
types!of!atoms!involved:!
" ionic)bonding!!
!!occurs!between!metal!and!nonAmetal!atoms.!!
" covalent)bonding!!
!!occurs!between!nonAmetals!atoms!only.!
" metallic)bonding!!
To!be!covered!in!later!
!!occurs!between!metal!atoms!only.!! chapter:!Metals!

All!bonds!involve!electrons!
15!

16!