Question

1. Write the general reaction for each group!

a. (Group I: M+(aq) + Cl-(aq) MCl(s) white )
b. Group II: M2+(aq) + S2-(aq) MS(s)
The colour of precipitate depend on each cation HgS, Bi 2S3, CuS are black; CdS, As2S3,
SnS2 are yellow; and Sb2S3, Sb2S5 are red.
Precipitation is carried out in acidic solution (H2S containing dilute HCl).
c. Group III A: M3+(aq) + NH3(aq) + H2O(l) M(OH)3(s) + 3NH4+(aq)
The colour of precipitate depend on each cation, Fe(OH) 3 dan Al(OH)3 are white,
Cr(OH)3 is greenish-gray.
d. Group II: M2+(aq) + S2-(aq) MS(s)
The colour of precipitate depend on each cation, NiS and CoS are black; MnS is pink,
ZnS is white. Precipitation is carried out in basic solution (H 2S contain NH3 solution and
NH4Cl)
e. Group IV: M2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) MCO3 (s) white precipitate
f. Group V:
In group V, no common reagents, so used a dry test specific reaction to identify the ions.
Dry Test: Test inflatable pipe, staining test, flame test, and others.
2. Why oxidator that used in the H2S system analysis of cations are H2O2 or bromine, instead of
HNO3?
Oxidator that used in the H2S system analysis of cations is H 2O2 or bromine solution because
H2O2 or bromin solution are volatile if we added with water, so the salt deposits of sulfide
from H2S can be formed. And instead of using an oxidizing acid HNO 3 because all acid must
be removed because it can disturb the forming of sulfide salt, because the H2S gas is flowed
in the analytes under acidic conditions.
3. How to know that H2S, H2O2, or Br2 not present already in the solution?
We use Pb-acetate paper for determine the present H2S.
To determine the present of H 2O2 in the solution, we dipping the filter paper in HCl, then
faced with the supplied hose hole to H 2O2. If the filter paper has no black spots, then H 2O2 is
not found.
To determine the present of Br2 in the solution, by using evaporation of solution. Smoke
coming out of paper laid on the wet starch. If the colour of wet starch paper become red
orange, it is indicate the present of Br2. But if the colour of wet starch paper become orange
then Br2 is not there.
4. Why to determine NH4+ ion use the anlyte?
Filtrat in group IV had contained NH4+ ion and added in separated group before, so willl be
hard to determine the sample contain cation NH4+ or not, so must be used the pure analyte.
5. How is the general reaction in the making of preliminary solution for determine the anion?
If the sample which we did not know is salt in bivalen metal Mand acid HA, so the
reaction is:

MA2 + CO32- MCO3- + 2AIons natrium would follow anion A- in that solution.
6. The precipitation of sulfide salt in analysis of cation Group II and Group III done in different
condition. Explain?
Sulfide salt precipitated in cation analysis group II and group IIIB done in the different
situation solution, because in group II, Sulfide salt precipitated done in acid solution , that
in the H2S contain HCl. The cause is the filtrat used to got sulfide salt precipitated, that form
filtrat group I still contain HCl . In the group IIIB sulfide salt precipitateddone in the base
situation that in H2S contain NH3 and NH4Cl solution.that cause the filtrate used to got the
sulfide salt precipitated from filtrate group IIIA still contain NH3 and NH4Cl.
7. Why in the precipitation of Group IV must in the acidic condition?
Precipitated in group IV should in base situation, cause amoniac solution in the water,
NH4OH , added before filtrate put on steam bath can keep the acid situation , so would be
resulted carbonat salt that from NH4CO3 solution , so precipitated in group IV must be in
base situation.