Measures of Central Tendency and Arithmetic Mean

Measures Of Central
Tendency
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics
Statistics in Plural Sense as

Statistical data.
Statistics in Plural Sense refers to

numerical data of any phenomena
placed in relation to each other.
For example ,numerical data relating
to population ,production, price
level, national income, crimes,
literacy ,unemployment ,houses etc.,
Statistical in Singular Scene as
Statistical method.
Quantitative aptitude & Business
Statistics: Measures Of Central
According to Prof.Horace
Secrist:
By
Statistics we mean aggregate of

facts affected to marked extend by
multiplicity of causes numerically
expressed, enumerated or estimated
according to reasonable standard of
accuracy ,collected in a systematic
manner for a pre determined
purpose and placed in relation to
each other .
Measures of Central Tendency

Def:Measures of Central Tendency

A
single expression
representing the whole
group,is selected which may
convey a fairly adequate idea
about the whole group.
This
single expression is
known as average.
Averages are central part of
distribution and, therefore ,they

are also called measures of
central tendency.

Types of Measures central

tendency:
There are five types ,namely

1.Arithmetic Mean (A.M)
2.Median
3.Mode
4.Geometric Mean (G.M)
5.Harmonic Mean (H.M)
Features of a good average

1.It
should be rigidly defined

2.It should be easy to
understand and easy to
calculate
3.It should be based on all the
observations of the data
4.It
should be easily
subjected to further
mathematical calculations
5.It should be least affected
by fluctuations of sampling

Arithmetic Mean (A.M)
The most commonly used

measure of central tendency.
When people ask about the
average" of a group of scores,
they usually are referring to
the mean.

10
The arithmetic mean is

simply dividing the sum of
variables by the total
number of observations.

11
Arithmetic Mean for

raw data is given by
X=
x1 + x2 + x3 +......+ xn

x
i
i =1
n
12
Find mean for the data

17,16,21,18,13,16,12 and 11

13
Arithmetic Mean for Discrete Series
X=
f1 x1 + f 2 x 2 + f 3 x3 + ......+ f n x n
f1 + f 2 + f3 + .... + f n
fx
i =1
n
f
i =1

i i
14
Arithmetic Mean for

Continuous Series
X = A+
fd

15
Calculation of Arithmetic mean

in case of Continuous Series
From the following data calculate
Arithmetic mean
Marks
No. of
Students
0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 5010 20 30 40 50 60

10 20 30 50 40 30

16
Marks
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
Mid
values
(X)
5
15
25
35
No.of
d= X-45
Students
10
(f)
10
-4
20
-3
30
-2
50
-1

17
f.d
-40
-60
-60
-50
No.of
Mid
d= X-45 f.d
values Students
10
(f)
(X)
40-50
45
40
0
0
50-60
55
30
1
30
N=180
fd=180
Marks

18
Solution
Let
us take assumed
mean =45
Calculation from
assumed mean
fd
180 *10
x = A+
C = 45 +
N
180
Mean =
= 35
19
Calculation Of Arithmetic Mean

in case of Less than series
10 20 30
Marks
less
than /up
to
No. of
10 30 60
students
40
50
60
110 150 180

20
Solution:
Let us first convert Less than series
into continuous series as follows
Marks
0-10 10- 2020 30
No. of
10
students
20
30
3040
4050
50-60
50
40
30
180150=30

21
Calculation Of Arithmetic Mean

in case of more than series
Marks
0
more than
No. of
180
students
10
20
170 150
30
40 50
60
120 70 30

22
Solution:
Let us first convert More than series
into continuous series as follows
Marks
No. of
students
180-170=10
0-10
10
1020
20
2030
30
3040
50
40-50 5060
40
30
170-150=20
30-0=30
70-30=40

23
Calculation of Arithmetic Mean in

case of Inclusive series
From the following data ,calculate Arithmetic

Mean
Marks
No. of
Students
1-10 11-20 21- 31- 41- 5130 40 50 60

10
20
30 50 40 30

24
Solution
Let us take assumed mean

=45.5
Calculation from assumed
mean
Mean
fd
180 *10
x = A+
C = 45 +
N
180
= 35
25
Marks
0.5-10.5
10.5-20.5
20.5-30.5
30.5-40.5
40.5-50.5
50.5-60.5
d=X-45.5 f.d
Mid
No.of
10
values Students
5.5
15.5
25.5
35.5
45.5
55.5
10
20
30
50
40
30
N=180
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
-40
-60
-60
-50
0
30
fd=
-180
26
Calculation of Arithmetic Mean in

case of continuous exclusive series
when class intervals are unequal
From the following data ,calculate

Arithmetic Mean
Marks
No. of
Students
0-10 10-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

10
60
50

40
20
27
Since class intervals are unequal,

frequencies have been adjusted
to make the class intervals equal
on the assumption that they are
equally distributed throughout the
class
Let us take assumed mean =45

28
Calculation of Deviations from

assumed mean
fd
220 X 10
Mean= x = A +
C = 45 +
N
180
= 32.778

29
Marks
Mid
values
No. of
Students
d= X-45.5
10
f.d
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
5
15
25
35
45
55
10
30
30
50
40
20
N=180
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
-40
-90
-60
-50
0
30
fd=-220

30
Combined Arithmetic Mean

(A.M)
An average daily wages of 10

workers in a factory A is
Rs.30 and an average daily
wages of 20 workers in a
factory B is Rs.15.Find the
average daily wages of all the
workers of both the factories.
31
Solution
Step 1;N1=10 N2=20
Step2:
X 1 = 30; X 2 = 15
N1 X 1 + N 2 X 2
X 12 =
N1 + N 2
=20
32
Weighted Arithmetic Mean
The term weight stands for the

relative importance of the different
items of the series. Weighted
Arithmetic Mean refers to the
Arithmetic Mean calculated after
assigning weights to different values
of variable. It is suitable where the
relative importance of different items
of variable is not same
33
Weighted Arithmetic Mean is

specially useful in problems relating
to
1)Construction of Index numbers.
2)Standardised birth and death rates

34
Weighted Arithmetic Mean is

given by
W .X
W

35
Mathematical Properties of
Arithmetic Mean
1.The
Sum of the deviations of

the items from arithmetic mean
is always Zero. i.e. (X X ) = 0
2.The sum of squared
deviations of the items from
arithmetic mean is minimum or
2
the least (X X ) 0
36
3.The
formula of Arithmetic
mean can be extended to

compute the combined
average of two or more
related series
37
4.If
each of the values of a

variable X is increased or
decreased by some constant
C, the arithmetic mean also
increased or decreased by C .

38
Similarly
When the value of

the variable X are multiplied
by constant say k,arithmetic
mean also multiplied the
same quantity k .

39
When
the values of variable

are divided by a constant say
d ,the arithmetic mean also
divided by same quantity

40
Merits Of Arithmetic Mean

1.Its
easy to understand and

easy to calculate.
2.It is based on all the items of
the samples.
3.It is rigidly defined by a
mathematical formula so that the
same answer is derived by every
one who computes it.
41
4.It
is capable for further

algebraic treatment so
that its utility is enhanced

42
6.The
formula of arithmetic
mean can be extended to
compute the combined
average of two or more
related series.

43
7.It
has sampling stability .It

is least affected by sampling
fluctuations

44
Limitations of Arithmetic Mean

1.Affected
by extreme values
i.e . Very small or very big
values in the data unduly
affect the value of mean
because it is based on all the
items of the series.
45
2.Mean
is not useful for

studying the qualitative
phenomenon.

46
Median
The middle score of the
distribution when all the scores
have been ranked.
If there are an even number of
scores, the median is the
average of the two middle
scores.

47
In an ordered array, the median is

the middle number
If n or N is odd, the median is the
middle number
If n or N is even, the median is the
average of the two middle
numbers
48
Potential Problem with Means

Median
Mean
Mean
Median

49
Median
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14
Median = 5

Median = 5
50
Median for raw data
When given observation are even

First arrange the items in ascending
order then
N N +1
=
+
Median (M)=Average of
2
2
Item

51
Find the Median for the raw data
25,55,5,45,15 and 35
Solution ;Arrange the items
5,15,25,35,45,55,here N=6
Median =Average of 3rd and 4th
item=30

52
Median for raw data
When given observation are odd

First arrange the items in ascending
order then
Median (M)=Size of = N + 1
Item
2

53
Median for continuous series
N
m
c
M = L+ 2
f
Where M= Median; L=Lower limit of

the Median Class,m=Cumulative
frequency above median class
f=Frequency of the median class
N=Sum of frequencies
54
Quartiles
The
values of variate that

divides the series or the
series or the distribution into
four equal parts are known as
Quartiles .

55
The
first Quartile (Q1),known

as a lower Quartile is the
value of variate below which
25% of the observations.

56
The Second Quartile known as

middle Quartile(Q2)known as
middle Quartile or median ,the
value of variates below which
50% of the observations

57
The Third Quartile known as

Upper Quartile(Q3)known as
middle Quartile or median ,the
value of variates below which 75
% of the observations.

58
N +1
Q1 = Size
th Item
4
3( N + 1)
Q3 = Size
th Item
4
59
Octiles
The values of variate that
distribution into eight equal
parts are known as Octiles .
Each octile contains 12.5% of
the total number of
observations .

60
Since seven points are

required to divide the data
into 8 equal parts ,we have
7 octiles.

61
j ( N + 1)
O j = Size
th Item
8
4( N + 1)
O4 = Size
th Item
8

62
Deciles
The values of variate that

distribution into Ten equal
parts are known as Deciles .
Each Decile contains 10% of
the total number of
observations .

63
Since 9 points are required to divide

the data into 10 equal parts ,we
have 9 deciles(D1 to D9)

64
j ( N + 1)
D j = Size
thItem
10
5( N + 1)
D5 = Size
th Item
10

65
Percentiles
The values of variate that divides
the series or the distribution into
hundred equal parts are known as
Percentiles .
Each percentile contains 10% of
the total number of observations .
Since 99 points are required to
divide the data into 10 equal parts
,we have 99 deciles(p1 to p99)

66
j ( N + 1)
Pj = Size
th Item
100
p50
50( N + 1)
= Size
th Item
100

67
Relation Ship Between Partition

Values
1.Q1=O2=P25 value of variate which

exactly 25% of the total number of
observations
2.Q2=D5=P50,value of variate which
observations.
3. Q3=O6=P75,value of variate which
observations
68
Calculation of Median in case of

Continuous Series
From the following data

calculate Median
Marks
No. of
Students
0-10
10
10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 5060

20
30

50
40
69
30
Marks
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
No. of
Students
(f)
10
20
30
50
40
30
N=180
Cumulative
Frequencies
(c.f.)
10
30
60
110
150
180

70
Calculate size of N/2
N 180
=
= 90
2
2
71

180
60
2
10
M = 30 +
50
M = 30 + 6 = 36
72
Merits of Median
1.Median
is not affected by
extreme values .
2.It is more suitable average
for dealing with qualitative
data ie.where ranks are given.
3.It can be determined by
graphically.
73
Limitations of Median
1.It is not based all the items of
the series .
2.It is not capable of algebraic
treatment .Its formula can not
be extended to calculate
combined median of two or
more related groups.
74
Median By Graph
Y
3N/4
N/2
Frequency
N/4
Less than
Cumulative
curve
More than
Cumulative Curve
Q1 M Q3
CI
75
Mode
A measure of central tendency

Value that occurs most often
Not affected by extreme values
Used for either numerical or
categorical data
There may be no mode or several
modes
Mode = 9
No Mode
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
76
Mode
The most frequent score in the
distribution.
A distribution where a single
score is most frequent has one
mode and is called unimodal.

77
A distribution that consists

of only one of each score has
n modes.
When there are ties for the
most frequent score, the
distribution is bimodal if two
scores tie or multimodal if
more than two scores tie.

78
Calculate the mode from the following

data of marks obtained by 10 students.
20,30,31,32,25,25,30,31,30,32
Mode (Z)=30

79
Mode for Continuous Series
f1 f 0
c
Z = L +
2 f1 f 0 f 2
Where Z= Mode ;L=Lower limit of the Mode Class
f0 =frequency of the pre modal class
f1=frequency of the modal class
f2=frequency of the post modal class
C=Class interval of Modal Class
80
Calculation of Mode :Continuous

Series
From the following data calculate

Mode
Marks
No. of
Students
010
10
10- 20- 30- 4020 30 40 50

20 30 50 40

5060
30
81
Marks
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
No. of
Students
(f)
10
20
30 f0
50 f1
40 f2
30
N=180

82
f1 f 0
c
Z = L +
2 f1 f 0 f 2
50 60
Z = 30 +
10
2 50 30 40
= 30 + 6.667 = 36.667
83
Y
Calculation Mode Graphically
50
40
30
20
10
10
20
30
40
50

60
84
Relationship between Mean,

Median and Mode
The
distance between Mean

and Median is about one
third of distance between the
mean and the mode.

85
Karl Pearson has expressed the

relationship as follows.
Mean Mode=(Mean-Median)/3
Mean-Median=3(Mean-Mode)
Mode =3Median-2Mean
Mean=(3Median-Mode)/2
86
Example
For a moderately skewed

distribution of marks in statistics for
a group of 200 students ,the mean
mark and median mark were found
to be 55.60 and 52.40.what is the
modal mark?

87
Solution
Since in this case mean=55.60and

median =52.40 applying ,we get
Mode=3median -2Mean
=3(52.40)-2(55.60)
Mode =46

88
Example
If Y=2+1.50X and mode of X is 15 ,What

is mode of Y
Solution
Y m=2+1.50*15=24.50

89
Merits of Mode
1.Mode is the only suitable
average e.g. ,modal size of
garments, shoes.,etc
2.It is not affected by extreme
values.
3.Its value can be determined
graphically.

90
Limitations of Mode
1.In case of bimodal /multi
modal series ,mode cannot be
determined.
2.It is not capable for further
algebraic treatment, combined
mode of two or more series
cannot be determined.

91
3.It is not based on all the items

of the series
4.Its value is significantly
affected by the size of the class
intervals

92
Geometric mean
xG = n x1 x2 xi xn
1/ n
= xi
i =1
n

93
Take the logarithms of each item of

variable and obtain their total i.e log
X
Calculate G M as follows
log X
G.M = Anti log
n

94
Computation of G.M -Discrete

Series
Take the logarithms of each item of

variable and multiply with the
respective frequencies obtain their
total
i.e f .log X
Calculate G M as follows
f . log X
G.M = Anti log
N

95
Merits of Geometric Mean

1.It
is based on all items of

the series .
2 It is rigidly defined
3.It is capable for algebraic
treatment.
96
4.It
is useful for averaging

ratios and percentages rates
are increase or decrease

97
Limitations of Geometric
Mean
1.Its
difficult to understand
and calculate.
2.It cannot be computed
when there are both negative
and positive values in a
series
98
3.It
is biased for small values

as it gives more weight to
small values .

99
Calculation of G.M
:Individual Series
From the following data
calculate Geometric Mean
Roll No 1 2 3 4 5 6
Marks
15 25 35 45 55

100
Computation of G.M :Individual

Series
X
5
15
25
35
45
55
log X
0.6990
1.1761
1.3979
1.5441
1.6532
1.7404
log X=8.2107
101
log X
G.M = Anti log
n
8.2107
= Al
6
= Anti log(1.3685)
= 23.36
102
Find the average rate of increase

population which in the first decade
has increased by 10% ,in the second
decade by 20% and third by 30%

103
Decade % rise Population at

the end of the
decade
logx
1
2
3
2.0414
2.0792
2.1139
10
20
30
110
120
130
log
X=6.2345
104
log X
G.M = Anti log
n
6.2345
= Al
= Anti log(2.0782)
= 119.8
Average Rate of increase in Population

is 19.8%
105
Weighted Geometric Mean
w. log X
G.M = Anti log
w

106
Harmonic Mean (H.M)
Harmonic Mean of various items of a

series is the reciprocal of the
arithmetic mean of their reciprocal
.Symbolically,
N
H .M =
1 1 1
1
+ + + ....... +
X1 X 2 X 3
Xn
107
Where X1,X2,X3.X n refer to the

value of various series.
N= total no. of series

108
Merits of Harmonic Mean

1.It
is based on all items of

the series .
2 It is rigidly defined
3.It is capable for algebraic
treatment.
109
4.It
is useful for averaging

measuring the time ,Speed
etc

110
Limitations of Harmonic Mean

1.Its
difficult to understand
and calculate.
2.It cannot be computed
when one or more items are
zero

111
3.It
gives more weight to

smallest values . Hence it is
not suitable for analyzing
economic data .

112
Calculation of H.M :Individual

Series
From
the following data

calculate Harmonic Mean
Roll 1
No
Mark 5
s
15 25 35 45 55

113
Computation of H.M :Individual

Series
l/x
0.2000
15
0.0666
25
0.0400
35
0.0286
45
0.0222
55
0.0182
(1/x)=0.3756

114
xH =
n
1
i =1 x
i
n
6
=
0.3576
= 15.9744
115
Compute AM ,GM and HM for the

numbers 6,8,12,36
AM=(6+81+12++36)/4=15.50
GM=(6.8.12.36)1/4=12
4
H .M =
1 1 1 1
+ + +
6 8 12 36
H.M=9.93

116
Weighted Harmonic Mean
HM
=
w
( X
i
i

117
Find the weighted AM and HM of first n natural

numbers ,the weights being equal to the
squares of the Corresponding numbers.
12
22
32
..n2

118
Weighted AM =
Wi.Xi
Wi
13 + 2 3 + 33 + ..... + n
12 + 2 2 + 3 2 + ..... + n 2
n 2 (n + 1) 2
=
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
3n( n + 1)
=
2( 2n + 1)
119
1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n
2
23
HM
1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n
n( n + 1)(2n + 1)
=
n( n + 1)
2
2n + 1
=
3
=
w
( X
i
i
120
The AM and GM of two observations are 5

and 4 respectively ,Find the two
observations.
Solution : Let the Two numbers are a and
b given
( a+b)/2=10 ;a + b=10
GM=4 ab=16
(a-b)2=(a+b)2-4ab=100-64=36
a-b=6
a=8 and b=2
121
The relationship between AM ,GM

and HM
G2=A.H

122
1.The empirical relationship among

mean, median and mode is ______
(a) mode=2median3mean
(b) mode=3median-2mean
(c) mode=3mean-2median
(d) mode=2mean-3median

123
1. The empirical relationship among

mean, median and mode is ______
(a) mode=2median3mean
(b) mode=3median-2mean
(c) mode=3mean-2median
(d) mode=2mean-3median

124
2. In
a asymmetrical
distribution ____
(a) AM = GM = HM
(b) AM<GM<AM
(c) AM<GM>HM
(d) AM GM HM
125
2. In
a asymmetrical
distribution ____
(a) AM = GM = HM
(b) AM<GM<AM
(c)
AM<GM>HM
AM
GM
HM
(d)
126
3. The points of intersection of
the less than and more than

ogive corresponds to ___
(a) mean
(b) mode
(c) median
(d) all of above

127
.3. The
points of intersection of
the less than and more than
ogive corresponds to ___
(a) mean
(b) mode
(c) median
(d) all of above

128
4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Pooled mean is also called
mean
geometric mean
grouped mean
none of these
129
4. Pooled mean is also called

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
mean
geometric mean
grouped mean
none of these

130
Relation between mean,

median and mode is
(a) meanmode=2(mean-median)
(b)meanmedian=3(meanmode)
5.
(c)
meanmedian=2(mean
mode
(d)meanmode=3(meanmedian)
131
Relation between mean, median

and mode is
(a) meanmode=2(mean-median)
(b)meanmedian=3(meanmode)
5.
(c)
meanmedian=2(mean
mode
(d)meanmode=3(meanmedian)
132
6. The geometric mean of 9, 81, 729

is _____
(a) 9
(b) 27
(c) 81
(d) none of these

133
6. The geometric mean of 9, 81,

729 is _____
(a) 9
(b) 27
(c) 81
(d) none of these

134
7. The mean of the data set of 1000

items is 5. From each item 3 is
subtracted and then each number is
multiplied by 2. The new mean will be
_____
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7
135
The mean of the data set of 1000

items is 5. From each item 3 is
subtracted and then each number is
multiplied by 2. The new mean will be
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7
7.

136
8. If each item is reduced by
15, AM is ____
(a) reduced by 15
(b) increased by 15
(c) reduced by 10
(d) none of these
137
8. If each item is reduced by
15, AM is ____
(a) reduced by 15
(b) increased by 15
(c) reduced by 10
(d) none of these
138
9. In a series of values if one value is

0 ____
(a) both GM and HM are zero
(b) both GM and HM are intermediate
(c) GM is intermediate and HM is zero
(d) GM is zero and HM is intermediate

139
9. In a series of values if one value is

0 ____
(a) both GM and HM are zero
(b) both GM and HM are intermediate
(c) GM is intermediate and HM is zero
(d) GM is zero and HM is intermediate

140
10.Histogram is useful to determine

graphically the value of
(a) Mean
(b) Mode
(c) Median
(d) all of above

141
10.Histogram is useful to
determine graphically the value of
(a) Mean
(b) Mode
(c) Median
(d) all of above

142
11.The positional measure of

central Tendency
(a) Arithmetic Mean
(b) Geometric Mean
(c) Harmonic Mean
(d) Median

143
11.The positional measure of

central Tendency
(a) Arithmetic Mean
(b) Geometric Mean
(c) Harmonic Mean
(d) Median

144
12.The average has relevance for

(a) Homogeneous population
(b) Heterogeneous population
(c) Both
(d) none

145
12.The average has relevance for

(a) Homogeneous population
(b) Heterogeneous population
(c) Both
(d) none

146
13.The sum of individual

observations is Zero When taken
from
(a) Mean
(b) Mode
(C) Median
(d) All the above

147
13.The sum of individual

observations is Zero When taken
from
(a) Mean
(b) Mode
(C) Median
(d) All the above

148
14.The sum of absolute

deviations from median is
(a) Minimum
(b) Zero
(C) Maximum
(d) A negative figure

149
14.The sum of absolute

deviations from median is
(a) Minimum
(b) Zero
(C) Maximum
(d) A negative figure

150
15.The mean of first natural

numbers
(a)n/2
(b)n-1/2
(c)(n+1)/2
(d) none
151
15.The mean of first natural

numbers
(a)n/2
(b)n-1/2
(c)(n+1)/2
(d) none
152
16.The calculation of Speed

and velocity
(a) G.M
(b) A.M
(c) H.M
(d) none is used

153
16.The calculation of Speed and

velocity
(a)G.M
(b)A.M
(c)H.M
(d)none is used

154
17. The class having maximum

frequency is called
A) Modal class
B) Median class
C) Mean Class
D) None of these

155
17. The class having maximum

frequency is called
A) Modal class
B) Median class
C) Mean Class
D) None of these

156
18. The mode of the numbers 7, 7, 9,

7, 10, 15, 15, 15, 10 is
A) 7
B) 10
C) 15
D) 7 and 15

157
18. The mode of the numbers 7, 7, 9,

7, 10, 15, 15, 15, 10 is
A) 7
B) 10
C) 15
D) 7 and 15

158
19. Which of the following measures

of central tendency is based on only
50% of the central values?
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Median
D) Both (a) and (b)
159
19. Which of the following measures

of central tendency is based on only
50% of the central values?
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Median
D) Both (a) and (b)
160
20. What is the value of the first

quartile for observations 15, 18, 10,
20, 23, 28, 12, 16?
A) 17
B) 16
C) 15.75
D) 12
161
20. What is the value of the first

quartile for observations 15, 18, 10,
20, 23, 28, 12, 16?
A) 17
B) 16
C) 15.75
D) 12
162
21. The third decile for the numbers

15, 10, 20, 25, 18, 11, 9, 12 is
A) 13
B) 10.70
C) 11
D) 11.50

163
21. The third decile for the numbers

15, 10, 20, 25, 18, 11, 9, 12 is
A) 13
B) 10.70
C) 11
D) 11.50

164
22. In case of an even number of

observations which of the following is
median?
A) Any of the two middle-most value..
B) The simple average of these two
middle values
C) The weighted average of these two
middle values.
D) Any of these
165
22. In case of an even number of observations

which of the following is median?
A) Any of the two middle-most value..
B) The simple average of these two middle
values
C) The weighted average of these two middle
values.
D) Any of these
166
23. A variable is known to be

_______ if it can assume any value
from a given interval.
A) Discrete
B) Continuous
C) Attribute
D) Characteristic
167
23. A variable is known to be

_______ if it can assume any value
from a given interval.
A) Discrete
B) Continuous
C) Attribute
D) Characteristic
168
24. Ogive is used to obtain.

A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Quartiles
D) All of these

169
24. Ogive is used to obtain.

A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Quartiles
D) All of these

170
25. The presence of extreme

observations does not affect
A) A.M.
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Any of these

171
25. The presence of extreme

observations does not affect
A) A.M.
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Any of these

172
THE END
Measures Of Central Tendency

Measures of Central Tendency and Arithmetic Mean

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Measures Of Central

Statistics in Plural Sense as

Statistics in Plural Sense refers to

Statistics we mean aggregate of

Measures of Central Tendency

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Def:Measures of Central Tendency

Averages are central part of

distribution and, therefore ,they

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Types of Measures central

There are five types ,namely

Features of a good average

should be rigidly defined

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Arithmetic Mean (A.M)

The most commonly used

Quantitative aptitude & Business

The arithmetic mean is

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Arithmetic Mean for

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Find mean for the data

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Arithmetic Mean for Discrete Series

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Arithmetic Mean for

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Calculation of Arithmetic mean

0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 5010 20 30 40 50 60

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Calculation Of Arithmetic Mean

110 150 180

Quantitative aptitude & Business

0-10 10- 2020 30

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Calculation Of Arithmetic Mean

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Calculation of Arithmetic Mean in

From the following data ,calculate Arithmetic

1-10 11-20 21- 31- 41- 5130 40 50 60

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Let us take assumed mean

Calculation of Arithmetic Mean in

From the following data ,calculate

0-10 10-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Since class intervals are unequal,

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Calculation of Deviations from

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Quantitative aptitude & Business

Combined Arithmetic Mean

An average daily wages of 10

Step 1;N1=10 N2=20

Weighted Arithmetic Mean

The term weight stands for the

Weighted Arithmetic Mean is

Quantitative aptitude & Business