IPv6

Tcnica de clculo de sub-rede

Instrutor: Anderson Arruda Silva

O IPv6:
2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000

32 dgitos hexadecimais
equivalentes a 128 bits

2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
0010

1011

0000

Cada um dos 32 dgitos hexadecimais composto por 4 bits,

formando algarismos que vo de 0 a F,
totalizando os 128 bits de um endereo IPv6

Mscara IPv6:
Como o total de bits de um endereo IPv6 128, o mesmo tamanho se dar
sua mscara de sub-rede. Expressa-se essa mscara em formato de barra logo
aps o endereo.

Ex.: 2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/40
Nesse caso, a mscara indica que os primeiros 40 bits do endereo identificam
a rede e o restante (88 bits) identificam os hosts.

2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
Rede
4*10 = 40 bits
bits

dgitos

Hosts
88 bits do endereo representam os hosts (4*22 = 88)

Sub-rede:
Como dividir o endereo

2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/40 em 8 sub-redes?
Deve-se aumentar o tamanho da mscara para dividir a poro de hosts em 8
sub-redes. Nesse caso, 3 bits sero necessrios, pois 2 = 8.
Teremos ento 8 endereos de sub-rede com mscara /43 (40+3):

2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
0000 (3 bits emprestados)
Analisando quantos bits sobraram (em verde) no dgito especfico, podemos
concluir o tamanho de cada sub-rede fazendo um simples clculo: 2

= 2.

Ou seja, cada sub-rede ir variar de 2 em 2 no 11 dgito do endereo IPv6.

2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/40 em 8 sub-redes.
Como resultado desse clculo teremos as seguinte sub-redes:
1 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/43
2 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd20:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/43
3 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd40:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/43
4 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd60:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/43
5 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/43

6 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cda0:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/43
7 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cdc0:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/43

8 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cde0:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/43

Observe a
variao de 2
em 2 no dgito
em destaque

Incio e fim (intervalo) de cada sub-rede escritas de forma abreviada:

2001:db8:cd00::/43 at 2001:db8:cd1f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:db8:cd20::/43 at 2001:db8:cd3f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:db8:cd40::/43 at 2001:db8:cd5f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:db8:cd60::/43 at 2001:db8:cd7f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:db8:cd80::/43 at 2001:db8:cd9f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff

2001:db8:cda0::/43 at 2001:db8:cdbf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:db8:cdc0::/43 at 2001:db8:cddf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff

2001:db8:cde0::/43 at 2001:db8:cdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff

Observe que o
ltimo endereo de
cada sub-rede o
endereo
imediatamente
anterior ao da
prxima sub-rede,
resultando em uma
sequncia.

Vamos agora dividir o mesmo endereo

2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/40 em 50 sub-redes.
Deve-se novamente aumentar o tamanho da mscara para dividir a poro de
hosts em 50 sub-redes. Nesse caso, 6 bits sero necessrios, pois 26 = 64.
Note que no possvel chegar exatamente em 50 com esse clculo de base
dois. 32 sub-redes (25) no seriam suficientes pois precisamos de 50.
Teremos, portanto, 64 endereos de sub-rede com mscara /46 (40+6).

2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
0000 0000 (6 bits emprestados)
Analisando quantos bits sobraram (em verde) no dgito especfico, podemos concluir o
tamanho de cada sub-rede atravs de um simples clculo: 2

= 4.

Ou seja, cada sub-rede ir variar de 4 em 4 no 12 dgito do endereo IPv6. O

11 dgito ir variar de 1 em 1 (20=1) quando o 12 ir chegando ao fim.

Como resultado teremos:

2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/40 em 64 sub-redes:
1 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
2 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd04:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
3 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd08:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
4 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd0c:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
5 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd10:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
6 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd14:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
7 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd18:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
8 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd1c:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
9 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd20:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
10 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cd24:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
(...)
60 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cdec:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
61 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cdf0:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
62 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cdf4:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
63 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cdf8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46
64 sub-rede - 2001:0db8:cdfc:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/46

Observe a variao
nos dgitos em
destaque.
O 11 dgito varia
de 1 em 1 e
portanto passar
por todos os 16
algarismos
hexadecimais.
J o 12 dgito varia
de 4 em 4,
passando apenas
por 4 algarismos.
Se multiplicarmos
16 por 4, teremos
exatamente 64 subredes.

Intervalo de algumas dessas sub-redes escritas de forma abreviada:

2001:0db8:cd00::/46 at 2001:db8:cd03:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:0db8:cd04::/46 at 2001:db8:cd07:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:0db8:cd08::/46 at 2001:db8:cd0b:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:0db8:cd0c::/46 at 2001:db8:cd0f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:0db8:cd10::/46 at 2001:db8:cd13:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:0db8:cd14::/46 at 2001:db8:cd17:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:0db8:cd18::/46 at 2001:db8:cd1b:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:0db8:cd1c::/46 at 2001:db8:cd1f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:0db8:cd20::/46 at 2001:db8:cd23:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff

(...)
2001:0db8:cdf4::/46 at 2001:db8:cdf7:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:0db8:cdf8::/46 at 2001:db8:cdfb:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
2001:0db8:cdfc::/46 at 2001:db8:cdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff

Observe que o
ltimo endereo de
cada sub-rede
continua sendo o
endereo
imediatamente
anterior ao da
prxima sub-rede,
formando uma
sequncia.

Exerccios:
1- Reescreva os endereos abaixo sem abreviao e utilize a tcnica
estudada para dividi-los:

a) 2001:db8:cd00::/40 em 4 sub-redes.
b) 2001:db8:cd00::/40 em 15 sub-redes.

c) 2001:db8:cdba::/60 em 2 sub-redes.
d) 2001:db8:cdfa::/56 em 32 sub-redes.