Mill Level I

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I
BAGIAN II
CNC MILLING
MACHINE
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38
COMPOSITION
OF A PART
PROGRAM
A part program is a list coded instructions which

describes how the designed component or part,
will be manufactured.
These coded instructions are called data a
series of letters and numbers. The part program
includes all the geometrical and technological
data to perform the required machine functions
and movements to manufacture the part.
PART PROGRAM EXAMPLE

(Mill CAM Designer
- star MCD)
(2/10/1997)
(Triac PC (metric))
(Post fanucm: 1.20
24 June 1994)
O0050;
N0010 G21;
[BILLET X240 Y170 Z10
[EDGEMOVE X0 Y0
[TOOLDEF T1 D2
N0020 G91 G28 X0 Y0
Z0;
N0030 M6 T1;
N0040 G43 H1;
N0050 M3 S3000;
N0060 G90 G00 X90
Z120;
N 080 G O 1 Z-0.5 F40;
N0070 Z2;
N0090
N0100
N0110
N0120
N0130
N0140
N0150
N0160
N0170
N0180
N0190
N0200
N0210
Z0;
X105 Y160 F60;

X120 Y120;
X165;
X130 Y95;
X145 Y50;
X105 Y80;
X65 Y50;
X80 Y95;
X45 Y120;
X90;
G00 Z2;
M5;
G91 G28 X0 Y0
The part program can be further broken down

into separate lines of data, each line describing
a particular set of machining operations. These
lines, which run in sequence, are called blocks
A block of data contains word, sometimes called
codes. Each word refers to a spcific
cutting/movement
command
or
machine
function.
The
programming
language
recognised by the CNC, the machine controller,
is an I.S.O. code, which includes the G and M
code groups.
Each program word is composed from a letter,
called the address, along with a number.
Block Example N080 G01 Z -0.5 F40;
WORD EXAMPLE -
ADDRESS EXAMPLE -
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MAIN PROGRAM
STRUCTURE
(M illCAM D esigner
- star M CD )
(2/10/1997)
(Triac PC (m etric))
(Post fanucm : 1.20
24 June 1994)
O 0050;
N 0010 G 21;
[BILLET X240 Y170 Z10
[ED G EM O VE X0 Y0
[TO O LD EF T1 D 2
N 0020 G 91 G 28 X0 Y0 Z0;
N 0030 M 6 T1;
N 0040 G 43 H 1;
N 0050 M 3 S3000;
N 0060 G 90 G 00 X90
Z120;
N 0070 Z2;
N 080 G O 1 Z-0.5 F40;
N 0090 X105 Y160 F60;
N 0100 X120 Y120;
N 0110 X165;
N 0120 X130 Y95;
N 0130 X145 Y50;
N 0140 X105 Y80;
N 0150 X65 Y50;
N 0160 X80 Y95;
N 0170 X45 Y120;
N 0180 X90;
N 0190 G 00 Z2;
N 0200 M 5;
N 0210 G 91 G 28 X0 Y0 Z0;
N 0220 M 30;
CAD/CAM software
Package informnation
Program
number
Units definition
(Matric or Imperial) and
Billet size for simulation
Main
program
Information
Program
end
BLOCK
CONFIGURATION
N 0000
Block
sequen
ce
number
G 00
Preparato
ry
function
X00.0 Y00.0 Z00.0
Interpolatio
n
function
F0000
M 00
S0000
Feedrate Miscellaneo
function
us
function
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T00
Spindl
e
functio
n
Tool
functio
n
End
of
block
signal
40
TOOL
FUNCTION
Tool profiles can be changed during a program using the

tool function command. Each tool profile is assigned a
number, which in the case of an ATC (Automatic Tool
Changer) will also coincide with one of the free bays on its
carousel magazine.
The tool number is defined using the address letter T
followed by a number assigned to the tool profile. To
command a tool change, the M06 code would precede the
number of the new tool required.
For example,
M06 T01
This command is read perform a tool change to tool
TOOL
Generally, several diferent tool profile are required to

a workpiece, all of different diameters and
COMPENSATIONmachine
lengths.
(TOOL OFFSET)
It would be very difficult to write a program that allowed

for this difference in size between all the various tools. To
account for this, the difference in diameter and length is
measured, in advance, for all the tools that will be used.
Essentially, this means that the cutting paths for all the
tools now coincide. The values are entered into the offset
file.
rotational speed of the tool, with respect to the
SPINDLE SPEEDThe
workpiece being cut, is called the spindle (or cutting)
FUNTION
speed.
(CUTTING SPEED)
The spindle speed is defined using the S addredd letter,

followed by a numerical value, signifying the spindle RPM
(revolutions per minute).
The spindle speed value specified must fall between the
machine tool RPM range for the command to be efective.
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G CODES
G40
G41
G42
The collection of G40, G41 and G42, codes allow the

machine controller to produce very accurate arcs and
tapers on the billet, by compensating for the tool radius.
Complex workplace shapes are therefore programmed
with cutter compensation mode active. The radius of the
tool (the offset amount) is measured, then entered into
the offset file in the machine controller. Once set, the tool
path can be offset by value, regardless of the program.
WORK POSITION AND MOVEMENT COMMAND
When tool nose radius compensation is required in a CNC

(CUTTER
program, the position of the billet in respect to the tool
COMPENSATION)
must be specified using the table bellow.
G
CODE
DIRECTION
TOOL PATH
G40
CANCEL
MOVEMENT ALONG PROGRAMMED PATH
G41
LEFT HAND
MOVEMENT ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE OF THE

PROGRAMED PATH
G42
RIGHT
HAND
MOVEMENT ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE

PROGRAMED PATH
The two diagrams bellow illustrates the direction of

compensation codes G41 and G42, in relation to your eye
level.
G41 LEFT HAND
THE TOOL IS POSITIONNED

ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE
OF THE PART, AS SEEN
FOLLOWING
THE
DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT,
FROM BEHIND THE TOOL
G42 RIGHT HAND

THE TOOL IS POSITIONNED
ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE
OF THE PART, AS SEEN
FOLLOWING
THE
DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT,
FROM BEHIND THE TOOL
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CUTTER COMPENSATION START-UP

(G41 G42)
The operation instructing a machine to switch to cutter
compensation mode is called the start-up block, or
ramping on block. The start-up block, is used to allow the
tool time to change from moving along the programmed
path line to following either side of the programmed path
line.
The start-up block should satisfy the following point:
1) A G41 or G42 code must contained in the block, or
specified in the previous block.
2) A G01 X, Y, or X and Y move is specified in the block
and the distance of the linear move must be greater
than the tool radius.
3) The tool radius value, R, entered into the tool offsets
table must not be 00.
NOTE 1.
A G02 or G03 circular interpolation command cannot be
specified in the start-up block.
NOTE 2.
In cutter compensation start-up, two blocks are read into
the machine controller. The first block is performed and
the second block is entered and held in memory.
In subsequent compensation moves, two blocks are read
in advance, so the machine controller has the block
currently being performed and the next two blocks in
memory.
This is because cutter compensation always needs to
know what happens in the move following the one being
currently performed. The machine controller can plan
ahead to calculate the correct end position for the current
move, that will also be the correct start position allowing
for cutter compensation, for the next move.
NOTE 3.
The codes G40, G41 and G42 are modal, belonging to the
same modal family. They are incompatible with each other
on the same block.
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CANCELLATION OF CUTTER COMPENSATION (G40)

The G40 code is used to cancel cutter compensation.
A G40 command can only be performed in a block in
which a linier move (ie, G00, G01, G28) is programmed.
The following part program for a finishing pass shows the

recommended method for start-up and cancellation of
cutter compensation:
O0010
N0010 GOO X-15 Y-15;
N0020 G41 X0 Y0 F100;
(Start-Up Move)
N0030 Y40;
N0040 X30 Y80;
N0050 X60
N0060 G02 X100 Y40 R40;
N0070 G01 Y30;
N0080 G03 X70 Y0 R30;
N0090 X0;
N0100 X-15 Y-15;
(Cancellation Move)
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G CODES
A canned cycle simplifies the program by replacing

complex machining sequences, programmed by several
blocks of information, with just one or two blocks.
G73 G89
(CANNED
CYCLES)
Generally, a canned cycle consists of a sequence of six

operations, as shown below:
Operation 1 - Positioning of the X and Y axes.
Operation 2 - Rapid traverse in the Z axis to the R point
Operation 3 - Hole machining procedure.
Operation 4 - Operation at bottom of hole.
Operation 5 - Retraction to R point.
Operation 6 - Rapid traverse in the Z axis to the initial
level.
Hole position is performed in the X and Y axis hole

machining is performed in the Z axis.
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There are three command modes for canned cycles, as

follows:
1) Data format (G90 and G91).
2) Return Point Level (G98 and G99).
3) Cycle Mode: G73 to G89).
DATA FORMAT COMMAND MODELS
The data format used in canned cycles is specified by the
codes G90 and G91, as shown below:
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RETURN POINT LEVEL COMMAND MODES

The return point position of the tool (ie, to the initial Level,
or the R Level) is specified by the codes G98 and G99, as
shows below:
The initial level refers to the absolute value of the Z axis,

at the time change from the positioning mode top the
canned cycle mode.
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The formatted for machining data in a canned cycle is

written as follows:
(G90) (G98)
or or G__ X__ Y__ Z__ R__ P__ Q__ K__ F__;
(G91) (G99)
Where,
G__ is defined as the canned cycle.
X__ Y__ is defined as the hole position, in absolute or
incremental value.
Z__ is defined as distance from the R point to the bottom
of the hole in incremental mode, on the position of the
hole bottom in absolute mode.
R__ is defined as the distance from the initial level to the R
point level in incremental mode, or the position of the Z
datum in relation on the R point level in absolute mode.
P__ is defined as the dwell time to be performed at the
bottom of the hole (see the G04 code for more details).
Q__ is defined as the cut-in distance value or shift value
(Note this is always specified as an incremental value).
K__ is defined as the number of repeats, for a series of
holes. When not specified, K = 1.
F__ is defined as the federate for machining.
NOTE 1.
The addresses P and Q are omitted within some canned
cycles.
NOTE 2.
Once the drilling data has been specified and read into the
machine controller, it retained until it is either changed, or
the canned cycle cancelled. All the required data must be
specified when the canned cycle is started and only the
data to be changed has to be specified during the cycle.
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G CODES
G73
A G73 (high Speed Pack Drilling) command is written in

the following format.
(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G73 X__ Y__ Z__ Q__ F__;
(HIGH SPEED
PECK DRILLING)Please refer to page 48 for the variable definitions.
When machining, the drill is positioned at the co-ordinate

point of the hole, for the X and Y axes and at the initial
level, for the Z axis. The G73 command is then read into
the machine controller and the cycle begins. The drill will
rapid traverse to the R point level and begin to feed in,
until a cut-in distance of Q is attained. At this point, the
drill will retract a small distance (set within the machine
controller). A cut-in distance of Q at the same federate will
begin again, followed by a similar retraction. These
movements will continue until the total Z depth has been
reached. The drill will rapid traverse out to the initial level,
it a G98 code is programmed within the cycle, or to the R
point level, if a G99 code is programmed within the cycle.
At this the next block is read into the machine controller. If
this block contains an X, Y or X and Y co-ordinate the drill
will position itself at that point and the high speed peck
drilling cycle will begin again.
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G CODES
G74
(COUNTER
TAPPING)
A G74 (Counter/Left Hand Tapping) command is written in

the following format:
(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G74 X__ Y__ Z__ P__ R__ F__;
Please refer to page 48 for the variable definitions.
Sequence of moves:
Op 1) Rapid position to X, Y and Z (the initial level).
Op 2) Rapid traverse to R point level.
Op 3) Feed to Z depth.
Op 4) Dwell P (time for spindle stop and start CW
direction).
Op 5) Feed to R point level.
Op 6) Dwell P (time for spindle stop and start CCW
direction).
If the G98 code is programmed within the cycle, the next
move will be a rapid traverse to the initial level. If the G99
code is programmed within the cycle, there will be no
movement.
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G CODES
G76
(FINE BORING)
A G76 (Fine Boring) command is written in the following

format:
(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G76 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ P__ Q__ F__;
Sequence of moves:
Op 4) Dwell P (time for spindle stop and move Q value)
Op 5) Feed to R point level.
Op 6) Move back Q value
The above moves vary depending on the setting of the
codes G98 and G99.
NOTE 1
THIS CYCLE CAN ONLY BE USED ON A MACHINE FITTED
WITH A SPINDLE CAPABLE OF ORIENTATION. BECAUSE THE
TOOL MOVES WITHIN THE HOLE AFTER SPINDLE STOP TO
FACE THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION.
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G CODES
G81
(DRILLING
SPOT BORING)
A G81 (Drilling Spot Boring) command is written in the

following format:
(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G81 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ F__;
Sequence of moves:
Op 4) Rapid traverse to initial level (G98) or R point level
(G99).
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G CODES
G82
(DRILLING COUNTER
BORING)
A G82 (Drilling Counter Boring) command is written in

(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G82 X__ Y__ Z__ P__ R__ F__;
Sequence of moves:
Op 4) Dwell for value P
(G99)
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G CODES -
G83
A G83 (Deep Hole Peck Drilling) command as written in

(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G83 X__ Y__ Z__ Q__ R__ F__;
(DEEP HOLE
PECK DRILLING)
Sequence of moves:
Op 3) Feed to the value of Q
Op 4) Rapid traverse out to R point. Rapid traverse back
to within 1 mm of depth of Q out. Operation
moves 2 and 4 repeated until Z depth is reached.
(G99)
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G CODES -
G84
(TAPPING)
A G84 (Tapping) command is written in the following

format:
(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G84 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ P__ F__;
Sequence of moves:
Op 4) Dwell P (time for spindle stop and start CCW
direction)
Op 5) Feed to R point level
Op 6) Dwell P (time for spindle stop and start CW
direction)
In the G98 code is programmed within the cycle, the next
move will be a rapid traverse to the Initial Level. If the
G99 code is programmed within the cycle, there will be no
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G CODES
G85
(BORING)
A G85 (Boring) command is written in the following

format:
(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G85 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ F__;
Sequence of moves:
Op 3) Feed in to the Z depth.
Op 4) Feed back to R point level.
If the G98 code is programmed within in cycle, the next
move will be a rapid traverse to the initial level. If the G99
code is programmed within the cycle, there will be no
movement.
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G CODES
G86
(BORING)

format:
(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G86 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ F__;
(BORING
Sequence of moves:
Op 3) Feed to Z depth and spindle stop.
Op 4) Rapid traverse to the initial level and spindle CW
for G98, or rapid traverse to R point level and
spindle CW for G99.
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G CODES
G87
(BACK
BORING)
A G87 (Back Boring) command is written in the following

format:
(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G87 X__ Y__ Z__ P__ Q__ R__ F__;
Sequence of moves:
Op 2) Spindle stop and orientation. Move the value of Q.
Op 4) Spindle CW and move back the value on Q.
Op 5) Feed in to Z depth (positive direction) and dwell P.
Op 6) Spindle stop and orientate.
Op 7) Move the value of Q
Op 8) Rapid traverse to R point level
Op 9) Move back the value of Q and spindle CW.
NOTE 1
THIS CYCLE CAN ONLY BE USED ON A MACHINE FIFTED
SPINDLE CAPABLE OF ORIENTATION. BECAUSE THE TOOL
MOVES WITHIN THE HOLE AFTER SPINDLE STOP TO FACE
OPPOSITE DIRECTION
NOTE 2
A G99 return to R point level is not possible within this
cycle.
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G CODES
G89
(BORING)

format:
(G90) (G98)
or
or
(G91) (G99)
G86 X__ Y__ Z__ P__ R__ F__;
(BORING)
Sequence of moves:
Op 3) Feed to Z depth and dwell for value P.
Op 4) Feed out to R point and rapid transverse to initial
level for G98, or feed out to R point for G99.
G CODES
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PROGRAM
EXAMPLE
USING CANNED
CYCLES
N0040 M06 T01;
Tool change.
N0050 G90 G00 X10 Y30 Z12 S1000
Tool position to initial level.
M03;
Hole 1 retract R point.
N0060 G99 G81 X10 Y30 Z-17 R2 F75;
N0070 Y10;
N0080 X30;
Hole 4 retract initial level.
N0090 G98 Y30;
N0100 G99 X90;
N0110 Y10;
N0120 X110;
N0130 G98 Y30;
Home position spindle stop.
N0140 G91 G80 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 M05;
Tool change.
N0150 M06 T02;
Tool position initial level.
N0160 G90 G00 X60 Y28 Z12 S750 M03;
N0170 G99 G83 X60 Y28 Z-17 Q6 R2
Hole 10 retract initial level.
F60;
Home position spindle stop.
N0180 G98 Y12;
Program stop
N0190 G91 G80 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 M05;

N0200 M30;
GENERAL LAYOUT OF
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FANUC OPERATOR
CONTROL PANEL
The software controlled keys are used to select the

options shown directly above each key on the
display screen.
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CONTROL PANEL
QUICK REFERENCE DIAGRAM
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FANUC DATA
INPUT PANEL
[RESET] - Resets any alarm messages.

[HELP] - Obtain help when using MID keys.
[ADDRESS/NUMERIC] - Used to enter letters and numbers.
[SHIFT] - Pressing [SHIFT] followed by an address key will input the lower-right
character on the address key. The character ^ is displayed to indicate that the
lower-right character will be displayed.
[INPUT] - Used when data from the key input buffer needs writing to the offset
register.
[CAN] - Deletes characters from the key input buffer.
[ALTER] - Edit program - alter character.
[INSERT] - Edit Program - insert character.
[DELETE] - Edit program - delete character.
[POS] [PROG] - Used to switch screens for each function.
[POS] - Displays current position.
[PROG] - Displays and edits a program stored in memory.
[OFFSET SETTING] - Displays offset values and data.
[SYSTEM] - Displays and sets a parameter and pitch error compensation value
and displays self diagnostic data.
[MESSAGE] - Displays an alarm messages and data.
[CUSTOM GRAPH] - Displays graphical data.
[CURSOR RIGHT] - Moves cursor right, or forwards, in small units.
[CURSOR LEFT] - Moves cursor left, or backwards, in small units.
[CURSOR DOWN] - Moves cursor down, or forwards, in large units.
[CURSOR UP] - Moves cursor up, or backwards, in large units.
[PAGE UP] - Display the previous page.
[PAGE DOWN] - Display the next page.
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LEFTHAND SIDE FANUC

OPERATORS PANEL
The left hand side of the upper and lower
Fanuc Operators panel contains a row of 5 +
2 switches, listed below from top to bottom:
Control:
[START CONTROL] - Green button to start the
control system.
[CLOSE CONTROL] - Red button to close down
the control system.
Automatic Tool Changer:
[SPINDLE CHAMP] - Spindle clamp operator,
push to open, release to close.
[ATC CWW] - Carousel index counter
clockwise by one position.
[ATC CW] - Carousel index clockwise by one
position.
Override:
[AXIS LIMIT OVERRIDE] - Manual limit switch
override.
[GUARD OVERRIDE] - Manual guard switch
override.
The FANUC Handwheel, MPG (Manual Pulse

Generator). Manual movements of Z, Y and Z
axes when operating in handwheel mode.
Clockwise = Positive direction.
Counter clockwise = Negative direction.
MAIN FANUC
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OPERATORS PANEL
FANUC MANUAL OPERATION PANEL KEYS.

Operation:
- Zeros machine around its own reference points.
[HOME] [JOG] -
- Moves axes around at feeds as set on override.

- Moves axes at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 Increments.
[INC JOG] [MPG]-
- Manual Pulse Generator (Electronic Handwheel Control).
[TEACH]-
- Inputs actual machine position into program.
[OFSET MESUR]- Tool offset setting mode.

Speed/Multiply:
[X 1] - Multiplier selection for handwheel control MPG or INC JOG mode - x1.
[X 10] - Multiplier selection for handwheel control MPG or INC JOG mode
x10.
[X 100] - Multiplier selection for handwheel control MPG or INC JOG mode
x100.
[X 1K] - Multiplier selection for handwheel control MPG or INC JOG mode
x1k.
[HIGH] - Multiplier selection for handwheel control MPG or INC JOG mode
High.
[SPDL DEC] [SPDL 100 %] -
- Spindle Decrease (Override of SPDL 100%), -10%.

- Reverts spindle speed back to programmed value.
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..continued from previous page.

Axis/Direction - Press either [JOG] or [MPG] to operate.
[-X] - Movement in -X direction.
[+X] - Movement in + X direction.
[-Y] - Movement in -Y direction.
[+Y] - Movement in + Y direction.
[-Z] - Movement in -Z direction.
[+Z] - Movement in +Z direction.
[-4th] - Movement in -4th direction.
[+4th] - Movement in +4th direction.
[TRVRS] - Rapid traverse (toggle switch).
Spindle:
[CW] -
- Spindle movement clockwise.
[STOP] -
- Spindle Stop.
[CCW] Coolant:
- Spindle movement counter clockwise.
[CLNT ON] [CLNT OFF] [CLNT AUTO] -
- Coolant on.
- Coolant off.
- Coolant operated by program.
MAIN FANUC
OPERATORS PANEL
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AUTOMATIC OPERATION PANEL KEYS

Program Source:
[AUTO] [EDIT] -
- Select to run program (Auto Mode).

- Select to edit program (Edit mode).
[MDI] - Select to manually key in G & M Codes out of program mode.

Operation Select:
[SINGL BLOCK] - Allows single step execution of program.
[BLOCK DELETE]- Select in edit mode to ignore block when running program
(Activities / in front of block).
[OPT STOP] - Used in conjunction with MO 1 to optionally stop program.
[DRY RUN] - Runs programs through at jog feed rate.
- Run program through ignoring all M codes.
[PRG TEST] [AXIS INHIBT] Execution:

[CYCLE START] [CYCLE STOP] [PRG STOP] -
- Runs program through with axes locked.

- Start program.
- Stops program.
- Stops program at end of current block.
SUMMARY of CNC MILL INSTRUCTIONS

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A. G CODE
G00 Fast Traverse
A G00 the tool to move to the specified position at the maximum speed.
Example: G00 X20 Y30 Z1 Here the tool is moved to X 20mm, Y 30mm, and Z
1mm.
G01 Linier Traverse
A G01 causes linear motion to the given position.
Example: G21
G01 X20 Y30 Z-1 F180 Here the tool is moved to X 20 mm, Y 30 mm,
and Z -1 mm at a federate of 180mm per minute.
G02 Clockwise Circular
G02 causes clockwise circular motion. Arcs can be specified by either radius or by
centre. If a positive radius is specified then the shorter arc is cut. If it negative
then the longer arc is cut.
Example: G20 X30 Y20 R15 F80 In this example the tool is moved to X 30 mm
and Y 20 mm. The arc has a radius of 15 mm.
I and J specify the arc centre relative to the arc start. If the value is 0 then it
neednt be specified.
Example: G02 X30 I15
G03 Counter-Clockwise Circular
G03 causes counter-clockwise circular motion. Arcs can be specified by either
radius or arc centre. If a positive radius is specified then the shorter arc is cut. If it
is negative then the longer arc is cut.
Example: G03 X30 Y20 R15 F80 in this example the tool is moved to X 30mm
and Y 20mm. The arc has a radius of 15 mm.
I and J specify the arc centre relative to the arc start. If the value is 0 then it
neednt be specified.
Example: G03 X30 I15
G04 Dwell
A Dwell of up to 500 seconds can be programmed.
Example: G04 X10 This causes a delay in machining of 10 seconds.
G20 Imperial Units

All future instruction parameters will be taken as imperial values. That is, they will
specify inches.
G21 Metric Units
All future instruction parameters will be taken as metric values. That is, they will
specify millimetres.
G28 Go to Reference Point
A G28 causes a fast traverse to the specified position and then to the machine
datum.
Example: G28 X84.0 Y80.0 Z5.0
G40 Cancel Tool Radius Compensation
G40 switches off any tool radius compensation activated by a G41 or G42.
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G41 Right Hand Radius Compensation

G41 causes future movement to take place to the left of the programmed path.
The offset used is equal to the radius of the current tool.
G42 Right Hand Radius Compensation
G42 causes future movement to take place to the right of the programmed path.
The offset used is equal to the radius of the current tool.
G85 Boring Cycle
Example:
G85 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 k1
X and Y are the next position to drill at.
Z is the base of the hole.
K is the number of repetitions, it defaults to 1.
G86 Boring Cycle
Example:
G86 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 K1
G87 Back Boring Cycle
Example:
G87 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 P300 Q0.7 K1
P is 1000 times the delay in seconds.
Q is the shift value.
G89 Boring Cycle
Example:
G89 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 P1000 K1
G91 Absolut Movement
All future movement will be absolute until over-ridden by a G91 instruction. This is
the default setting.
Example: G90
G01 X30 Y0 The position becomes X30, Y0.
G91 Incremental Movement
All future movement will be incremental until over-ridden by a G90 instruction.
Example: G90
G01 X15
G91
G01 X2 The position becomes X17.
G92 Set Datum
G92 sets the datum relative to the current position.
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Example:
G00 X30.0 Y40.0

G92 X10.0 Y10.0 makes the position that was X30 Y40 become X-10
Y-10.
G94 Per Minute Feed

The F value specifies the feed rate in millimetres, or inches, per minute.
G95 Per Revolution Feed
The F value is the ratio of feed rate to spindle speed. The feed rate is changed
whenever the spindle changes.
Example: G95 S1200
G73 Fast Peck Drilling Cycle
Example:
G73 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-5.0 Q0.3 R1.0 K1
Q is the cut in value.
R is the R point level.
G74 Counter Tapping Cycle
Example:
G74 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 R1.0 P750 K1
G76 Fine Boring Cycle
Example:
G76 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 P700 Q0.6 K1
Q is the shift value.
G80 Cancel Canned Cycle
A G80 will cancel a canned cycle. A G00, G01, G02 or G03 will also cancel a
canned cycle.
G81 Spot Boring Cycle
Example:
G81 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 K1
G82 Counter Boring Cycle
Example:
G82 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 P1000 K1
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G83 Peck Drilling Cycle
Example:
G83 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-5.0 Q0.3 R1.0 K1
Q is the cut in value.
G84 Tapping Cycle
Example:
G84 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 R1.0 P750 K1
B. MCODE
M00 Program Stop
M00 waits for EOB to be pressed.
M02 End Of Program
M02 halt program execution.
The spindle is turned off and the tool moves to the most positive position on the Z
axis.
M03 Start Spindle
An M03 instruction starts forward spindle motion. It requires a speed within the
range 100 to 3000 rpm. The spindle should be switched on before any movement
below the component surface.
Example: M03 S2200
M04 Reverse Spindle
An M04 instruction start reverses spindle motion. It requires a speed within the
range 100 to 3000 rpm. The spindle should be switched on before any movement
below the component surface.
Example: M04 S2200
M05 Stop Spindle
An M05 instruction stops spindle rotation. It is good programming practice to issue
an M05 before a tool change, and at the end of a program. However this will be
done automatically should you omit this instruction.
M06 Change Tool
The M06 instruction causes the Fanuc to change to a different tool. You can set
tool lengths and diameters at the start of the program using the TOOLDEF
directive.
Example: M06 T1
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M08 Coolant On
M08 turns the coolant on.
M09 Coolant Of
M09 turns the coolant off.
M10/11 Work Clamp Open/Close
M10 opens the work clamp.
M11 closes the work clamp.
M13 Coolant, Spindle Fwd
M13 turns the coolant on and starts forward spindle motion.
Example: M13 S1000
M14 Coolant, Spindle Rev
M14 turns the coolant on and starts reverse spindle motion.
Example: M14 S1000
M19 Orientate Spindle
M19 orientates the spindle.
M20/21 ATC Arm In/Out
M20 moves the ATC arm in.
M21 moves the ATC arm out.
M24/25 ATC Arm Clamping
M24 activates the ATC drawbar.
M25 releases the ATC drawbar.
M27 Reset Carousel
M27 can only be used in the control panel. The current carousel position is treated
as position one.
M32/33 ATC Clw/Cclw
M32 rotate the ATC clockwise.
M33 rotates the ATC counter-clockwise.
M38/39 Door Open/Close
M38 opens the door.
M39 closes the door.
M62/63 Aux 1/2 On
M62 sets auxiliary output 1 on
M63 sets auxiliary output 2 on
M64/65 Aux 1/2 Of
M64 sets auxiliary output 1 off
M65 sets auxiliary output 2 off
M66/67 Wait for Aux 1/2

M66 waits for auxiliary input 1 to become on
M67 waits for auxiliary input 2 to become on
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M70 X Mirror On
M70 sets X axis mirroring about the current X axis position
M71 Y Mirror On
M71 sets Y axis mirroring about the current Y axis position.
M76/77 Wait for Aux 1/2 Low
M76 waits for auxiliary input 1 to become off
M77 waits for auxiliary input 2 to become off
M80 X Mirror Of
M80 disables X axis mirroring.
M81 Y Mirror Of
M81 disables Y axis mirroring.
M98 Subprogram
M98 causes another program to be executed.
The P value specifies the program number and the number of times to execute
it.
The rightmost 4 digits are the program number. The digits to the left are the
number of repetitions.
There can be up to 999 repetitions, if the value is omitted it is called once.
Examples: M98 P12 and M98 P10012 both execute CNC program 12 once.
M99 Subprogram Exit
Returns control to the program that called the current program. If a P value is
specified then execution begins from the block with the same N number,
otherwise it is from the block after the subprogram call.
If an M99 is specified in the main program then the execution is from the start of
the block and finish on end of block of subprogram.
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Mill Level I

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Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

A part program is a list coded instructions which

PART PROGRAM EXAMPLE

X105 Y160 F60;

The part program can be further broken down

Block Example N080 G01 Z -0.5 F40;

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

X00.0 Y00.0 Z00.0

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

Tool profiles can be changed during a program using the

Generally, several diferent tool profile are required to

It would be very difficult to write a program that allowed

The spindle speed is defined using the S addredd letter,

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

The collection of G40, G41 and G42, codes allow the

WORK POSITION AND MOVEMENT COMMAND

When tool nose radius compensation is required in a CNC

MOVEMENT ALONG PROGRAMMED PATH

MOVEMENT ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE OF THE

MOVEMENT ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE

The two diagrams bellow illustrates the direction of

THE TOOL IS POSITIONNED

G42 RIGHT HAND

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

CUTTER COMPENSATION START-UP

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

CANCELLATION OF CUTTER COMPENSATION (G40)

The following part program for a finishing pass shows the

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

A canned cycle simplifies the program by replacing

Generally, a canned cycle consists of a sequence of six

Hole position is performed in the X and Y axis hole

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

There are three command modes for canned cycles, as

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

RETURN POINT LEVEL COMMAND MODES

The initial level refers to the absolute value of the Z axis,

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

The formatted for machining data in a canned cycle is

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

A G73 (high Speed Pack Drilling) command is written in

G73 X__ Y__ Z__ Q__ F__;

When machining, the drill is positioned at the co-ordinate

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

A G74 (Counter/Left Hand Tapping) command is written in

G74 X__ Y__ Z__ P__ R__ F__;

Please refer to page 48 for the variable definitions.

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

A G76 (Fine Boring) command is written in the following

G76 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ P__ Q__ F__;

Please refer to page 48 for the variable definitions.

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

A G81 (Drilling Spot Boring) command is written in the

G81 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ F__;

Please refer to page 48 for the variable definitions.

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

A G82 (Drilling Counter Boring) command is written in

G82 X__ Y__ Z__ P__ R__ F__;

Please refer to page 48 for the variable definitions.

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

A G83 (Deep Hole Peck Drilling) command as written in

G83 X__ Y__ Z__ Q__ R__ F__;

G73 X Y Z Q F__;

G74 X Y Z P R F;

G76 X Y Z R P Q F__;

G81 X Y Z R F__;

G82 X Y Z P R F;

G83 X Y Z Q R F;

G84 X Y Z R P F;

G85 X Y Z R F__;

G86 X Y Z R F__;

G87 X Y Z P Q R F__;

G86 X Y Z P R F;