Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Electronics) With Honours
May 2007
ABSTRACT
This project is about design and development multi-level LED dot matrix
display panel. Microcontroller programs are developed to generate characters and
graphics to for this module. The objectives of the project are to design a display
panel by using several dozens of LED dot matrix display and it accessible to the user
to change and modiQ the display pattern. This project consists of two major
components, which are the microcontroller and the LED dot matrix display. LED dot
matrix displays are well known as an effective and economical means of data
distribution to the masses. The encoded characters and graphics data are stored into
the memory of microcontroller. During the process, the data are sent to the LED dot
matrix for display. User can be change the character and pattern from the source code
and reprogram into the microcontroller.
ABSTRAK
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
LED display has become popular to convey all types of message to the
public. With its attractive and interesting displays, including wide-variant of pattern.
Text or even graphics can be easily conveyed to the public either during the daytime
or midnight. However, previous signboards basically are produced in banner or
poster type. This is an ineffective method to convey information that able to attract
attention from the public especially during nighttime. LED displays also provide
power efficiency compound with any other type of electronic display board. The
development of this project will prevent the limitation of current signboard display.
The LED will turn ON once to display information for the whole day and the lifespan
is much longer than bulb and others lighting source. Therefore it can save the cost of
frequently changing the bulb, poster and also the energy used.
So in this project, a display panel using 18 pieces of 8x8 LED dot matrix
display will be designed. 18 pieces of 8x8 LED dot matrix display will be used to
give a large space to create more attractive numeric, alphanumeric and animation.
The display produces numeric, alphanumeric and also image characters for the
benefit of the mass. The design is user-friendly and easily- accessible to the user to
change and modify the display pattern.
1.2
Problem Statement
Small size of LED dot matrix display has a limited character to perform.
Limited character will cause hard to convey the message to the public clearly and
perform in attractive way. Therefore, this project had extend the size of the LED dot
matrix display by using 18 pieces of LED dot matrix which can be overcome the
problem of limited character.
1.3
Objectives
i) To design and develop a Multi-level LED Dot Matrix Display Panel using
PIC Microcontroller.
1.4
Scope of Project
i)
Using 18 pieces of 8x8 LED dot matrix to design the display panel.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Background Study
2.2
2.2.1
.he display text is stored in an EEPROM. The text can be downloaded via
a serial RS232 connection from a PC. From the PC a text file containing the text is
sent. The baud rate can also be set to 600 Baud (via additional jumper), because
some PCs have problems with hardware handshaking, which would be necessary at
1200 or 9600 Baud download speed. Dependent on the storage size of the EEPROM
up to 2045 characters can be stored. It is also possible to store the text in the flash
ROM of the microcontroller. But then it is necessary to reassemble the program code
if the text is changed and to reprogram the flash ROM. If an EEPROM is used,
changes of the text can be done easily via serial downloading. A maximum of 11
LED modules (each module consisting of 8x8 LEDs) can be used. The moving font
is already working with 1 module.
2.2.2
Data Display designs and manufactures a large selection of both indoor and
outdoor moving message displays, using LED (Light Emitting Diode) technology,
which is known for its reliability, legibility and ease of maintenance.
The LED displays are designed for outstanding visual impact, combining
light, multiple colors and motion to attract attention, improve communications and
promote the business and/or services.
Datalines are easy to set up, program and handle and are becoming
increasingly popular in airports, high street outlets, cinemasltheatres, staff rooms,
and auctions to transmit information to large groups of people both quickly and
efficiently.
The signs have various display features such as bold/script fonts, auto
centering of text as well as many page transitions, which can be creatively and
imaginatively used to display eye-catching text effects. The signs are easily operated,
with a range of control methods including via PC or an infra-red remote keypad.
The data lines are available in a variety of different formats and colors to
make the electronic display more effective and eye-catching.
2.3
Hardware Overview
2.3.1
The dot of most LED dot matrix display is round. But some LED dot matrix
displays have square dot. LED matrix display can show pictures and words, and
RGB LED matrix even can show video. LED matrix has the size from 0.7' to 4.6'.
According to its dot arrangements, LED dot matrix display also can be divided into
5*7 dot matrix, 5*8 dot matrix, 8*8 dot matrix and 16*16 dot matrix. Dot LED
matrix can be used to show information in bus stations, cinemas, squares and other
public places.
Besides that, LED dot matrix also has many color types. The colors
available are single color, dual color and full color. Single and dual color dot matrix
;c widely used in graphics and moving message. There are many different single
Aors such as red, 1 1 green, yellow and so on. The full color dot matrix is specially
esigned for application high brightness and resolution
2.3.2
Microcontroller
chip that is used to create a multi-function computer or device and requires multiple
..'lips to handle various tasks. A microcontroller is meant to be more self-contained
~d independent, and functions as a tiny, dedicated computer.
Description
Product: 8-bit Microcontrollers, Interface Chips.
Q M l c ~ a m l ~PICmicroO
~-ilWkbaau-
Microchip Technology
microcontrollers
(MCUs),
Analog1
iny.
Intel@ Corporation
manufacturer
microprocessors
(of
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Pentium
in
addition
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to
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tool
support.
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Freescale Semiconductor
-i
Atmel Corporation
8051,
AT91,
AVR,
AVR32
Microcontrollers.
Atmel
manufactures
three
families
of
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DALLAS
EEHIICOWDUCTOR
Dallas Semiconductor
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
3.2
3.3
Hardware Development
3.3.1
Microcontroller
Provide voltage to the circuit. The voltage will give the voltage to drive all
the components and ICs in the circuit so that no battery will be used in this device.
This part is perform by a variable voltage adapter and set to 5V dc.
3.3.1.4
Display. User can be change the message or animation which store inside the
microcontroller.
15
3.3.'
l M i c r ~ c troller
~n
ivlicrocontroller are popular with developers and hobbyists alike due to their
~wcost, wide availability, large user base, extensive collection of application notes,
availability of low cost or free development tools, and serial programming (and
re-programming with flash memory) capability.
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The figure showed the pin diagram of the PIC16F877A. From the diagram,
there 33 pins are set aside for the five port RAYRB, RC, RD, and RE. The rest of the
pins are designated as-
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DECODER
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The 74HC154 are high-speed Si-gate CMOS devices and are pin
compatible with low power Schottky TTL (LSTTL). The 74HC154 decoders accept
four active HIGH binary address inputs and provide 16 mutually exclusive active
LOW outputs. The 2-input enable gate can be used to strobe the decoder to eliminate
the normal decoding "glitches" on the outputs, or it can be used for the expansion of
the decoder. l'he enable gate has two AND'ed inputs which must be LOW to enable
the outputs. When the other enable is LOW, the addressed output will follow the
state of the applied data.
3.3.4
From the tigure as shown above, the LED dot Matrix that used in this
project
IS
which arranged in eight columns and eight rows. The anodes of the eight LEDs
forming one row are connected together. Then, the cathodes of the eight of LEDs of
a column are connected together. In this arrangement of LEDs, the cathodes are
switched to turn the LEDs of a row ON or OFF.
3.4.1
L,.~U,.
Explaination for LEDs Dot Matrix Display
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RA5-RAO ports are used for the signal output of the column that LEDs are
controlled. RB7-RBO ports are used for the output of the LED control signal of each
.ow. 74HC154 (4 to 16 Demultiplexer) is the IC which decodes the binary signal of 4
its into 16 signals.
As for the Figure 3.10, all RA ports are in the L level condition. In this case,
only output-0 of 74HC154 is L level. Then, only TRI is in the ON condition, the
other transistors are in the OFF condition. This is because the base of the transistor is
'V, there is a differential voltage occur. So the current flow as the figure showed.
Therefore, only the column of LEDs which are connected with TRl is in the
lighting-up possible condition.
However, fees are still required in order to obtain 12C slave addresses. SMBus is a
subset of 12Cthat defines stricter electrical and protocol conventions. One purpose of
SMBus is to promote robustness and interoperability. Accordingly, modern IZC
systems incorporate policies and rules from SMBus, and the line between these two
standards is often blurred in practice.
Figure 3.1 1 : I ~ C
Icon
12C uses only two bidirectional open-drain lines, Serial Data (SDA) and
Serial Clock (SCL), pulled up with resistors. Typical voltages used are +5 V or +3.3
V although systems with other, higher or lower, voltages are permitted.
The 12C reference design has a 7-bit address space with 16 reserved
addresses, so a maximum of 112 nodes can communicate on the same bus. The most
common 12Cbus modes are the 100 kbitls standard mode and the 10 kbitls low-speed
mode, but clock frequencies down to DC are also allowed. Recent revisions of 12C
can host more nodes and run faster (400 kbit/s Fast mode, 1 Mbitls Fast mode plus or
Fm+, and 3.4 Mbit/s High Speed mode), and also support other extended features,
such as 10-bit addressing. The maximum number of nodes is obviously limited by
the address space, and also by the total bus capacitance of 400 pF.
,ftware Development
3.4
3.4.1
PROTEUS VSM supports source level debugging through the use of debug
loaders for supported assemblers and compilers. Source Editor which from Proteus
VSM allow writing the assembly coding and can be generate the .HEX file. The
source editor only read assembly language. Therefore, assembly language was used
to program and communicate with the microcontroller.
.2
Programming Language
Some authors restrict the term "programming language" to those languages tha
express all possible algorithms sometimes the term "computer language" is used for
more limited artificial languages.
i)
ii)
iii)
. languages.