Beruflich Dokumente
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Volume 3 Issue 1
RF TECHNOLOGY
Innovation for Mission Success
A Message from
Greg Shelton
Vice President of Engineering,
Technology, Manufacturing & Quality
As we enter this New Year, I am pleased to bring you the latest issue of technology
today featuring RF technology at Raytheon. RF technology is in our roots beginning
with the production of the magnetron and subsequent ship-based radar systems for
World War II.
Much has changed in the RF systems we develop, design and supply to our war fighters.
The once science-fictional designs of Star Trek have now become realities using our
technologies and, today, RF is one of our key technology areas with expertise from
MMIC design and fabrication through large ground-based radars. The depth and
breadth of our expertise is astounding, from active RF sensors for radars, to satellite
sensors for weather monitoring systems, to electronic warfare and signal intelligence for
electronic countermeasures, to RF communications for radios, datalinks and terminals,
and the challenges of GPS and navigation systems. Our future is bright with research
and development in RF components and subsystems, as well as our ongoing, essential
research and development for systems improvements.
We also made significant accomplishments in 2003 on our journey for process excellence as measured through the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
business model. Most of our major engineering sites achieved Level 3 certification for
at: http://www.ray.com/rayeng/
software and systems engineering, and our North Texas sites received CMMI Level 5
certification for software engineering. These successes are in recognition of a high level
of process maturity among various disciplines. I believe it creates a framework for
predictable execution, and predictable performance is one of our most important
objectives in Customer Focused Marketing. Great people supported by predictable
processes create a foundation for customer satisfaction and growth.
I encourage each of you to take the time to read through this issue of technology today
you will be impressed. Take the initiative to connect with the RF leaders featured in
this magazine they will share their knowledge and expertise. Share the magazine
with your customers and choice partners so they can learn more about our people, our
processes and the technology expertise that resides within this great company.
Sincerely,
Greg
TECHNOLOGY TODAY
Satellite Sensors
10
11
12
RF Communications
13
15
16
17
18
19
HRL RF Technology
20
24
CMMI Accomplishments
25
26
28
29
Patent Recognition
30
Future Events
32
EDITORS NOTE
Editorial Assistant
Lee Ann Sousa
Graphic Design
Debra Graham
Photography
Jon Black
Fran Brophy
Rob Carlson
Publication Coordinator
Carol Danner
Contributors
Steve Allo
John Bedinger
Eric Boe
Randy Conilogue
Sean Conley
William H. Davis
John Ehlers
John Foell
Mark Hauhe
Debra Herrera
Denny King
Howard Krizek
David E. Lewis
Al Nauda
Daniel Pinda
Joseph Preiss
Michael Sarcione
Mardi Scalise
Matthew Smith
William Stanchina
Joel Surfus
Russ Titsworth
Bob R. Wade
Willard Whitaker III
Build and value the relationships with your customers; get to know them
on a personal level; ask about their family, hobbies and even favorite
restaurants. Relationships have to do with a shared mission or passion.
In the words of Jeff Maurer, president and COO of U.S. Trust Corporation,
There are few people who can get through life based on their brilliance and their top performance that can ignore relationships. And if they do, you dont wanna know em anyway.
I once read that Nelson Rockefeller kept a Rolodex of all his clients with notes about their children
and personal interests. Each time a connection was made, he would open the conversation with
questions about the clients family or personal interests. It pays to be personal. In many business
situations where price and performance are equal, it is the strongest relationship that wins.
Several of the features in this issue focus on building and sustaining relationships with our customers, partners and suppliers from our Raytheon technology days, to the opening of our global
headquarters, to the annual technology symposia. I encourage you to read about these successes,
share the magazine with your customers, partners and suppliers. We welcome feedback and
would love to hear about your success stories as well. Enjoy!
an
Product
3
Raytheon
Innovation for Mission Success
RF Technology A Legacy of Innovation
The RF band, occupying the lower frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum (from
DC to about 300 GHz), is commonly used
for radio communications, radar detection/
target tracking (although visible light is now
being used for these same purposes) and
remote sensing. (Radar is short for Radio
Detection and Ranging.)
VLF
3-30 KHz
100-10 km
Very Low
Frequency
LF
30-300 KHz
10-1 km
Low Frequency
MF
Medium
Frequency
HF
3-30 MHz
100-10 m
High Frequency
VHF
30-300 MHz
10-1 m
Very High
Frequency
Ultra High
Frequency
SHF
3-30 GHz
10-1 cm
Super High
Frequency
EHF
30-300 GHz
1 cm-1 mm
Extremely High
Frequency
Microwaves
Millimeter and
sub millimeter
Wavelength
The older classification for RF band frequencies covered a range of about 10 KHz-1000
MHz, which included radio and television
transmissions, while todays definition has
expanded to include frequencies from audio
RADAR
Active RF Sensors
S h i p b o a rd R a d a r
The days of Navy surface combatants only
patrolling the high seas and engaging
threats at close range are past. Todays surface combatants perform a variety of missions, operating in both deep water and
the littorals (continental shelf), and must
counteract a variety of ever-increasing
threats. Current shipboard radar systems
operating over a wide range of RF frequencies provide the capabilities to successfully
carry out these missions. Because current
radar systems typically perform a single or
limited number of mission functions, the
surface warship is host to a number of
independent shipboard radar systems. This
host of radar systems aboard a single ship
can lead to a significant degree of RF interference between radars, communications
and electronic warfare systems. To reduce
these effects, system and frequency management, filtering and high-linearity
receivers are an integral part of todays
advanced weapon systems.
The types of radar systems aboard a ship
are strictly a function of the vessels class or
category. As an example, a precision
Continued on page 6
RADARS
Airborne Radar
Since the third decade of flight, airborne
radars have been providing information to
pilots about the world surrounding the aircraft. This information has enabled pilots to
perform their job better, be that navigation,
weather avoidance, or tasks with direct military application and usefulness. From the
original 1934 patent by Hyland et al.,
Raytheon and its various companies have
been at the forefront of radar technology
development for airborne applications.
In the simplest form, the purpose of a sensor is to provide useful data to the user (for
example, a pilot). Other examples of useable
data are situational awareness, kill-chain
support and intelligence, surveillance and
reconnaissance (ISR). Raytheons airborne
radars provide that kind of information
today, better than ever before.
Situational Awareness consists of information about the environment, and the
objects in it, that surround a user. For a
pilot user, many kinds of information about
the pilots surroundings are useful as an aid
to navigation. For example, terrain following, terrain avoidance, radar altimetry, precision velocity updating, landing assistance
and weather avoidance all assist the pilot in
flying the aircraft. Additionally, man-made
objects are of primary interest! Raytheons
airborne radars provide greater detection
and tracking ranges of a greater number of
targets than ever before achieved.
Kill-chain support is another type of useful
data provided by advanced, multi-mode
Doppler radar systems found on the current
generation of fighter and attack aircraft.
to engage the target, some sort of closedloop control of the missile would be needed. The first radar-guided, air-to-air missile
developed (in the 1940s and 50s) was the
Falcon missile. The Falcon was guided to
the target by homing in on RF energy
bounced off the target by the fire control
radar. This type of missile-seeker radar is
referred to as a semi-active radar. The semiactive concept continues to be a valuable
operating mode for a number of presentday missiles. But as technology continued
to develop, more and more capability was
integrated into missiles. Todays missile
radars are closely related to fire-control
radars. Modern missile radars adapt the
waveform parameters, receiver configuration and signal processing for the mode of
operation in use and the missiles environment (though it should be noted that no
one missile does everything). Some missile
radars perform air-to-air targeting and others perform air-to-ground.
Missile Radar
Missile radar seekers were a natural derivative of radar technology developed for
fighter aircraft. Once radar was incorporated into fighters, it became quite apparent
that the aircraft could locate a target, but it
was virtually impossible to destroy the target at any appreciable standoff range,
using bullets or unguided missiles. In order
P R O F I L E
Matt Smith is the RF Systems
Technical Area Director for Raytheon
Corporate. This is a one-year rotational
position that identifies common technology
pursuits and coordinates joint technology
development efforts among Raytheon businesses. He acts as a technical liaison to the
Raytheon Technology Networks, facilitating
activities such as technology roadmaps,
competitive assessments, collaborative
workshops and knowledge databases. Matt
also works with universities and other external
research agencies identifying and developing
strategies to exploit
potential disruptive
technologies. He hails
from Raytheons
Network Centric
Systems Business in St.
Petersberg where hes
responsible for technical management of,
and active participation in, research and
design of microwave/millimeter-wave hardware for spaceborne remote sensing and
communications programs. His focus
recently has been on advanced space technology such as Si micromachined K-Band
MMIC Radiometers with integrated antenna arrays. Matt holds four patents (with
three patents pending) and has authored/
co-authored 20 refereed IEEE/SPIE technical
papers. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and
holds a dual degree (BSEE, BSNS & MSEE).
Matt has over twenty years experience in
space and military microwave design on
DMSP, ALR-67, ALQ-131, NESP, CEC,
GEOSAT, FEWS, TIROS-N, MILSTAR, LONGBOW, SEAWINDS and various classified
space programs.
Matt worked as a professional musician
while in engineering school with entertainers such as the Mills Brothers, Bobby
Darren, Rodney Dangerfield and Joe Pesci.
Although his ultimate goal is pursuing a
Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, he still performs and teaches jazz and woodwinds in
the Tampa Bay area. It is more evident
each day to me that engineering and music
are not orthogonal; instead they are closely
aligned through math, physics and, most of
all, creativity.
Matts advice to new engineers is,
Take some time out to publish technical
papers. Start with a survey paper that you
think would be useful to you and your
colleagues. Stay active in Raytheon technical networks, symposiums, lunchtime
seminars and professional societies like
IEEE and AIAA.
8
RADARS
Continued from page 7
receiver. Passive missile receivers, also
known as Anti-Radiation Homing (ARH)
devices, must adapt to the targets frequency and waveform characteristics.
Technology exists to include Synthetic
Aperture Radar (SAR) guidance capability in
a missile. SAR generates a high-resolution
image of the target area, just as if a photograph of the target area were taken directly
above the target area. SAR processing provides several performance enhancements
that afford a direct benefit to current
weapon capabilities. First and foremost, a
SAR missile allows the combatant to image,
identify and engage a target in all battlefield
environments including smoke, fog, rain,
snow and blowing sand.
Existing missiles thus typically have three or
more additional, independent RF subsystems,
each operating at a different microwave frequency. These include communication links,
GPS receivers and proximity fuzes.
Communication links are implemented with
antennas on the side or rear of a missile. In
most cases, the links have receivers and
transmitters that are separate from the
guidance radar. These links also have their
own signal processing. The links are used
by the fire-control system to control the
missile during midcourse flight in a
command guidance mode, in order to provide target designation updates to the missile
and to monitor missile status during flight.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is becoming the preferred midcourse guidance
mode for missiles. The missile receives RF
signals from the GPS satellites, establishing
the missiles position and allowing it to
fly to a designated GPS location. The incorporation of a GPS receiver in the missile
coupled with the communication link is
used to correct for most alignment errors
between the fire-control radar and missile
coordinate systems.
Missiles also include proximity fuzes. The
proximity fuze is a full radar including a
transmitter, antennas, receivers and the
signal processing.
G ro u n d a n d B a t t l e f i e l d
Radar
The term ground-based radar covers a
broad spectrum of radar systems. These
radar systems are as varied in their operational frequency, capabilities and physical
characteristics as are the missions theyre
designed to perform. Early warning, missile
defense and fire-finder radars are just a few
examples of the many radar systems that
fall under this general heading.
Early warning systems, which typically have
an RF operating frequency in the UHF
range, are designed to detect and track
airborne and space-borne targets at great
distances. Given their low operational RF
frequency and required system sensitivities,
the antennas for these radars are often
close to 100 feet in diameter. With some of
the early warning radar, as is the case with
BMEWS, the antenna is built into the side
of a multi-story building that houses the
radar. Missile defense radars operate at
much higher RF frequencies than early
warning radars. Here the higher operational
frequency affords greater track accuracy
P R O F I L E
and target discrimination, which are
required for intercepts. The size of the
antenna for missile defense radars varies
from a couple of square meters for tactical
defense (such as Patriot) to tens of square
meters for national defense. Firefinders are
battlefield radars that detect and track ballistic shells or artillery. Based on the measured track of each projectile, the system
calculates the launch site. To achieve the
required track accuracy and system mobility, these systems operate at higher RF frequencies. As an example, the AN/TPQ-37
Firefinder operates in the S-band.
Despite the varied characteristics of the systems, RF technologies are at the heart of all
ground-based radar systems. As these technologies have evolved, so too have the corresponding systems capabilities. The most
significant advance in radar performance
was realized with the introduction of active,
electronically scanned arrays. Here the
directed RF energy is electronically not
mechanically steered, and single transmitters and receivers are replaced by thousands, if not tens of thousands, of solidstate, transmit/receive (T/R) modules
embedded into the antenna. This has
afforded the radar system many key benefits. The beam switching rate of an electronically scanned array is much faster than
that of a mechanically steered array. This
development has allowed the radar system
to simultaneously track multiple targets,
and/or targets with higher dynamics, and
to perform multi-function radar operation.
The improved radar sensitivity realized with
solid state T/R modules permits tracking of
smaller targets at greater ranges.
Currently, Raytheon is in active production
of several ground-based radar systems and
is developing several, next-generation,
ground-based radar systems. These systems
incorporate state-of-the-art RF technologies
in order to achieve the radar performance
required for a multi-function battlefield
radar, cruise missile defense radar,
and theater and national ballistic
missile defense radars.
C o m m e rc i a l R a d a rs
As the cost of RF technologies drops, radar
products are finding applications in the
commercial sector. Two examples of this
introduction into the commercial market
are leisure-boat radars and automobile
collision-avoidance radars. Raytheon is
currently engaged in the production of a
product line of leisure-boat radar systems.
These systems, which operate at X-band
frequencies, provide 360 coverage for the
detection and tracking of both stationary
and moving objects. The information is
presented as a two-dimensional image on
a liquid crystal (LCD) display as an aid in
vessel navigation.
The development of an automobile collision-avoidance radar is leveraging missile
seeker technology. This forward-looking
radar is mounted in the automobiles
bumper in order to detect objects in close
proximity to the automobile. Through electronic switching, the radar covers an angular region in front of and just to the side of
the vehicle. This information, coupled with
the speed of the detected object relative to
the automobile, allows the radar to discriminate between objects. That is to say, the
radar can identify objects that represent a
danger (e.g., a stopped car
in front of the automobile)
vs. others that are nonthreatening, (e.g., a car passing alongside). Using this information, first-generation systems
will function as a warning system
to drivers. In the future, these same
systems could be used to realize automatic speed control and, in all
probability, enable automatic
driving on smart
highways.
SATELLITE
S p a c e - b o r n e M i c ro w a v e
Remote Sensing
Microwave remote sensing has evolved into
an important all-weather tool for monitoring the atmosphere and planetary object
surfaces, which emphasizes the characterization of the earth phenomenology. This
type of sensing encompasses the physics of
radio wave propagation and interaction
with material media, including surface and
volume scattering and emissions. Active
remote sensors include scatterometers,
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and altimeters, whereas passive sensors are known
as microwave radiometers. Raytheon has
a 30-plus-year history in space Satellite
Communications (SATCOM) and within the
last decade, has added remote sensing payloads to our repertoire of outstanding
orbital performances.
The SeaWinds remote sensor has a specialized Ku-band radar (scatterometer),
designed to accurately measure the amplitude scattering return from the ocean and
convert the data into global ocean surface
wind speeds and directions. A normalized
radar backscatter coefficient of the ocean
surface is measured at the same point on
the ocean surface at four different incident
angles, and is a function of the angle of
incidence and the sea state. Receive power
is determined by measuring the power in
narrow- and wide-band filters, then solving
two simultaneous equations from the
received power and the ubiquitous receiver
noise. The science community experimentally and analytically established a geophysical model of wind vectors and wind geometry over the last two decades to achieve
this complex indirect measurement from
space. The Scatterometer Electronic
Subsystem (SES) was designed and developed by Raytheon St. Petersberg for the
NASA/JPL program, and is currently on orbit
and fully operational. Examples of previous
wind vector maps of the Atlantic and
Pacific oceans and newly acquired data
from QuikScats SeaWinds are shown in the
figure (center column). The radar operates
at a carrier frequency of 13.402 GHz with a
10
Sensors
El Nino watcher,
QuikScat will be
used to better
understand
global El Nino
and La Nina weather abnormalities. A
recent example of the advantages of spaceborne sensing was demonstrated when an
iceberg the size of Rhode Island had elluded ship-borne and airborne surveillance
devices and was drifting undetected off
Antarctica until Quikscat located it and
mapped its location (see figure above).
Another on-orbit remote sensor is the US
Navy GeoSAT Follow-On Ku-Band Radar
Altimeter, designed to maintain continuous
ocean observation from the GFO Exact
Repeat Orbit. This satellite includes all the
capabilities necessary for precise measurement of both mesoscale and basin-scale
oceanography. Data retrieved from this
satellite is useful for ocean research, offshore energy production, ocean circulation
patterns and environmental change. GFO
was launched aboard a TAURUS launch
vehicle on Feb. 10, 1998, from Vandenberg
Air Force Base in California and still provides valuable data sets for the U.S. Navy
today. The radar uses co-boresighted
radiometers, a Raytheon design, for water
vapor correction. Radiometer calibration
has become a niche area of research, and
Raytheon holds several patents in calibrating
radiometers using variable Cold Noise
Sources based on MHEMT technology that
have been validated at NIST.
S p a c e - b o r n e S AT C O M
Pa y l o a d s
From Iridium to MILSTAR to FLTSATCOM,
Raytheon has played a key role in the
development of commercial military space
satellite communications. Raytheon is the
major supplier of UHF SATCOM products
and services to the warfighter, including
space and ground hardware, software,
Continued on page 30
ELECTRONIC WARFARE
Radars having a monopulse tracking capability were soon invented. By having several,
independent receive channels, detection,
ranging and tracking could all be done
using a single received pulse. Since only a
single pulse was needed for tracking, jamming modulations became ineffective. A
number of new jamming techniques were
devised to defeat monopulse tracking
radars. For example, during the Cold War,
war plans included having aircraft enter
and exit the target area at very low altitudes, allowing the aircraft to hide in the
radar clutter. Raytheon EW invented the
Terrain Bounce technique in case an interceptor acquired target lock. The Terrain
Bounce technique simply received the radar
signal, amplified it and retransmitted it in a
narrow beam in front of the entering aircraft. The bounce off the ground technique, while experiencing a degree of signal loss, nevertheless provided a true false
angle that the monopulse-tracking radar
would follow. Other techniques, such as
11
Engineering
Perspective
Randy Conilogue
Engineering Fellow
and Chairman RFSTN
Upon joining Hughes
Aircraft in 1976, my job
was to design a Microwave
Integrated Circuit (MIC)
amplifier using a single
GaAs FET transistor manufactured by Hughes Research Laboratories (now HRL).
Our CAD design tool for simulating these early RF
MICs was a Teletype machine with an acoustic
modem tied to a mainframe, running S-Parameter
simulations. My desktop design tool was a Smith
chart on a piece of plywood with a floating mylar disk
pinned to the plywood with a push pin. I used a pencil to mark the S-parameters on the mylar, rotate the
mylar around the Smith Chart, and apply parallel and
series components to match the transistors to 50
ohms. I cut my circuits on Rubylith, etched my own
MIC circuits, put the parts down with eutectic solder
and did my own wire-bonding. Next I tuned up the
circuits, tested and moved on to the next iteration of
the circuit.
Its a different RF world out there today. Detailed simulations can be run on a desktop with electromagnetic simulations of circuit elements, parasitics, transitions and interactions. MICs on Alumina Substrates
have been replaced by Monolithic Microwave
Integrated Circuits (MMICs) that can be placed directly on Printed Wiring Boards (PWB) or packaged with
other MMICs to form Transmit/Receive modules and
other RF subsystems. RF Circuits and CAD Tools
appear to be following Moores Law in their exponential growth: Components and packaging are shrinking; integration levels are growing; sophistication of
RF subsystems is rising; and digital content is increasing. Digital speeds are becoming faster with SiGe and
the ever-shrinking MOSFET technologies. Analog-todigital converters are pushing further up the RF processing chain, replacing many of the classical RF/analog circuits with digital equivalents that provide higher accuracy than their RF equivalents but at what
price? There are difficult tradeoffs between the simple-but-elegant RF or Analog circuit and the more
accurate digital equivalent in terms of size, power and
complexity. These tradeoffs require the RF subsystem
engineer to know more than just RF design. Todays
RF designers need to have additional skills in analog,
digital, DSP, algorithms, architectures, system performance and customer needs. In other words, todays RF
designer needs to become more of a systems engineer. Though Raytheon will still build RF components
and RF subsystems, our future lies in our ability to
apply new technologies to new and novel sensors and
platforms for our customers.
The key to unlocking great opportunities for Raytheon
is enterprise-wide collaboration leveraged by
Raytheon Technology Networks. Applying the right
technology to each product is an ongoing effort that
makes steady progress every year.
12
ELECTRONIC WARFARE
Continued from page 11
and therefore becomes a preferential target
to the missile seeker. Thus, the missile is
redirected from tracking the aircraft during
the endgame and instead tracks the towed
decoy. The ALE-50 decoy self-protection
concept has been proven in combat in
Kosovo and Iraq.
Many of the EW Systems being developed
today increase the benefits of stealth technology. Situational Awareness alone can
provide protection simply by avoiding detection by using low observable coatings and
materials most effectively. The new Radar
Warning Receivers (RWRs) like the Navys
ALR-67(V)3 and the USAFs ALR-69A are
being designed with channelized digital
receivers using a polyphase architecture.
The digital receivers are smaller and lighter
weight than conventional receivers, thus
better fulfilling the RWR role. In addition,
the linear phase responses permit using
algorithms that exploit situational awareness, passive precision location for countertargeting and specific emitter identification.
Modern EW is not restricted to the RF
spectrum. One of the most significant
threats to aircraft having close
ground engagements for
example, the A-10 and
C-130, is the shoulder-fired
IR missile. Raytheon has
developed the Comet pod,
which dispenses pyrophoric
(heat emitting that is, igniting
spontaneously on contact with air) foils
that substitute false targets for the IR missile seekers. Pyrophoric material is basically
iron that oxidizes rapidly in order to provide
radiation in the IR spectrum, with the benefit that there is no identifiable signature in
the visible spectrum. Dispensing of
pyrophoric foils, in concert with a missile
warning radar, is being proposed to the
Department of Homeland Security in
response to their initiative to find costeffective means to protect commercial aircraft from IR missiles in proximity to airports.
Todays technology is being applied to
Electronic Warfare Systems to make them
Comet pod
technology is necessary to
keep pace with the future radar systems
that will have electronically steered antenna
arrays, advanced coded signal processing
and pulse-to-pulse agility.
Raytheon is a full participant in modern EW
systems, using the latest in digital receiver,
fiber optic, steerable antenna array and
solid-state technologies. The use of finesse
rather than raw power makes EW a
participant in four strategic initiatives:
the Suppression or Destruction of Enemy
Air Defenses (SEAD/DEAD), Precision
Engagement (PE), Network Centric Warfare
(NCW) and Intelligence Surveillance and
Reconnaissance (ISR).
RFRadios,
Communications
Data Links and Terminals
Telegraphy was the first form of electronic
communications developed by Joseph Henry
and Samuel F. B. Morse in the 1830s.
Telegraphy soon evolved to include voice
communication in the 1870s following the
invention of the telephone by Alexander
Graham Bell and Elisha Gray. Guglielmo
Marconi, Reginald Fessenden and other
radio pioneers made wireless communication possible by the end of the 19th
Century, enabling communication between
any two points on the Earth. Throughout
the 20th Century, RF communications technology evolved rapidly. Commercial broadcasting, television, the world-wide telephone network, satellite communications,
the Internet and cellular telephones are
examples of the continuing progression of
RF communication technology. Now in the
21st Century, the continuing development
of communications technology has made it
possible to rapidly communicate events and
information across the world in seconds.
Operating hand-in-hand with the communications network (i.e., the Internet and the
computer), this capability has brought the
worlds population together into what some
refer to as the global village. The same
technology has in many ways enhanced the
advancement of other technologies and, for
better or worse, shaped the world in which
we live today.
Raytheon and its acquired business entities
have been involved in military voice communications since the 1920s when a
predecessor company, Magnavox, supplied
noise-canceling microphones for use in aircraft radios. Weve supplied complete radio
systems in support of national defense since
1950. Raytheon and its acquired companies
have been leaders in both voice and digital
communications development for battlefield
communications, and facilitation of defense
command-and-control operations. These
efforts have led to the development of
radio terminals that relay communication
across the world, provide highly secure,
jam-resistant, encrypted data links, spread
H F / V H F / U H F Ta c t i c a l
Communications
Historically, radios provided communications
through dedicated waveforms in a specific
frequency band. These radios were implemented using a fixed configuration, and
Communications Security (COMSEC) was
in various analog-voice,
digital-voice and data formats,
and include various embedded
COMSEC protocols, eliminating the
need for any external COMSEC device.
Todays battlefield is more dynamic and
advanced than ever before, with instant
communication of battlefield locations, pictures, voice, data and live video. Firepower
can be precisely directed at target positions
within a moments notice. Widely available
and accurate situation-awareness data
through Raytheons SADL and EPLRS networks prevents fratricide and enables
rapid response and extraction of downed
pilots and wounded personnel. EPLRS and
SADL work across US services to digitally
connect US Army EPLRS equipped ground
forces with USAF SADL aircraft. In addition,
Raytheon continues its leadership in the
communications area with the EPLRS and
MBMMR radios.
Continued on page 14
13
RF COMMUNICATIONS
Continued from page 13
RF Communications
To d a y
RF Communications
T h e F u t u re
EPLRS
Secure anti-jam mobile data radio
Backbone of the Tactical Internet
Situation Awareness Data Link (SADL)
Weapon data links (AMSTE, JDAM)
JTRS Cluster 1 waveform implementation
Networking Technology
FCS-Comms
DARPA research and development
programs
Directional antennas
Protocol development
Information Assurance
Modeling and Simulation
Wideband Data Links
USC-28(V)
DECS
Netfires
Tactical Tomahawk Satellite Data Link
Terminal (SDLT)
Large Scale System Engineering &
Integration
DD(X)
Mobile User Objective System (MUOS)
satellite communication system
Peace Shield (Saudi Arabia BMC4I system)
MC2A
Data fusion
SLAMRAAM
Battlespace Digitization
Force XXI Battle Command Brigade
and Below (FBCB2)
Army and Marine Tactical Internet
Architecture
Tactical Routers (MicroRouter)
Bosnia Defense Initiative
Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Radios
Software Defined Radio
technology (SCA, JTRS)
EPLRS
MBMMR
ARC-231
Network-centric battlefield
communications will involve
the networking of all
radio/comm links in a massive,
interconnected network,
similar to the World Wide
Web, except it will be
entirely wireless.
software definable, allowing reconfiguration on the fly and easy upgrades to new
modes and waveforms. JTRS emphasizes an
open architecture for easy software
reprogramming, which will allow users to
access newly developed waveforms and
communication protocols without changing
radios. This provides the tactical user with
all essential communications within a
single unit.
In support of the Network-Centric
Battlefield, Raytheon is developing the
technology for including a radio/link on
every platform through the Miniature Low
Cost Data Link (MLCDL) program. Raytheon
builds satellite modems (a form of data
link), voice communication radios and
14
The RF Challenge
THE
FUTURE
of RF Technology
Leadership Perspective
Dr. PETER PAO
Vice President
Technology
Yo u r re s p o n s i b i l i t y i n a
C u s t o m e r- Fo c u s e d
Company
Being a customer-focused company is the
foundation of Raytheons business strategy. The three pillars of this Customer
Focused Management (CFM) strategy are
Performance, Relationships and Solutions.
But what does this mean to you as a
Raytheon engineer? What is your role in
executing this strategy? I would like to
share some of my thoughts with you.
Performance is about meeting our commitments providing the best value solutions to our customers. It includes system
performance, reliability, supportability,
cost, schedule, weight, size, power and a
few other critical requirements. We need
to pay attention to all these parameters in
every design phase. For example, not only
does the design have to meet performance
requirements, it must be viable and meet
cost targets. We need to have a cost
model so we can estimate production cost
during system design. We can draw similar
conclusions on reliability and maintainability.
As many of you know, this means balanced design, and Raytheon Six SigmaTM is
the right tool for this purpose. I strongly
encourage you, as engineers, to learn and
practice Raytheon Six Sigma. It is the path
to follow on the journey of meeting our
total commitment.
Relationships are about building positive
and solid connections with our customers.
This can only be accomplished by understanding their challenges, anticipating their
needs, proactively responding to their
GPS
Continued from page 15
To meet the dual requirements for increased
tracking performance and anti-jam, military
GPS receivers require low phase noise, high
dynamic range and precisely matched, RF
down conversion channels. In order to meet
these requirements, RF designers had to
revert back to discrete GaAs amplifiers and
mixers and precisely matched RF and IF filters.
Shown on page 15 is a two-channel RF
design for a high anti-jam GPS system. As
shown, the large, discrete RF and IF filters
dominate the design.
Raytheon is studying ways to reduce the size
and cost of these designs by a factor of 10,
using state-of-the-art SiGe 0.18 CMOS RF
ASIC technology and Thin Film Resonator
(TFR) filters. The requirements for this GPS
down converter include greater than 40 dB of
channel-to-channel isolation, greater than 70
dB of dynamic range and very small channelto-channel differential group delay. It is also a
priority to have more than one down converter channel in an RF ASIC design.
Raytheon is leveraging
state-of-the-art technology to
greatly reduce the size and cost
of RF designs.
TFR filters provide promise, in that they have
very linear phase characteristics over the
required bandwidths and are small and low
cost. However, the TFR manufacturers are
concentrating on commercial applications.
Specific custom filter designs for military GPS
receivers using this new technology should be
developed and tested.
The GPS RF design represents the most difficult technical challenge in meeting future GPS
receiver requirements. Newer, miniaturized
weapon systems will require GPS receivers
that are much smaller and lower in cost than
todays receivers for applications in projectiles,
mortars, smart munitions, dismounted soldier
and miniature UAVs.
17
technique used in LORAN and GPS. The frequency difference-of-arrival exploits the difference in Doppler frequency among the various collection platforms. These techniques
require precise time and frequency information transfer between collection platforms.
18
Te c h n o l o g i c a l C h a l l e n g e s
Meeting the long range requirement with
multiple platforms requires an extremely
sensitive receiver. The receiver must be able
to detect weak radar emissions in the back
lobes and side lobes of the radar antenna
pattern at the desired stand off range. The
ability to rapidly detect radar requires a
broad band receiver with a wide, instantaneous-detection bandwidth. To meet
these requirements, a multi-octave (>3
octaves) RF down converter with a low
noise figure was used in conjunction with a
wideband digital receiver. The digital receiver provides additional processing gain to
support the high sensitivity detection.
The wide bandwidth of the digital receiver
required the use of high speed analog-todigital conversion. In a complex radar environment, the ADC must support a wide,
instantaneous dynamic range.
HRL RF Technology
HRL Laboratories, LLC, in Malibu, California is a shared R&D center for LLC Members Raytheon, Boeing and General Motors.
The LLC Members pool their resources to explore and develop new technologies in the pre-competitive stage and directly fund
specific development activities of their own at HRL. In this arrangement, the investment by each company gains a leverage of
approximately 5-6 times the companies annual expenditure.
HRL Laboratories includes four labs: Information Sciences, Sensors & Materials, Communications & Photonics, and
Microelectronics, with approximately 200 researchers encompassing a variety of technical disciplines. The Microelectronics
activity provides a broad spectrum of RF technologies to Raytheon, supplemented by expertise from Sensors & Materials,
Communications & Photonics and Information Sciences.
Mixed Signal integrated circuits is the largest technical area in Microelectronics that is focused on Raytheons needs. HRL has a
unique concentration of world-class expertise in the design and fabrication of continuous time, tunable delta-sigma () analog-to-digital converters (A/Ds), spanning not only R&D for future products but also supplying mil-standard components for
todays needs. These unique A/Ds are capable of real-time reconfiguration from narrow-band to wide-band operation for
direct sampling at frequencies from 60 MHz to above 1 GHz. Other activities in this area are focused on the development of
compact, low-power direct digital synthesizers for potential application to multi-function phased-array systems.
HRL is an experienced source for the development and delivery of microwave technology from the earliest days of GaAs MESFET technology through todays rapid advances in GaN microwave technology. State-of-the-art GaN devices, both power amplifiers and low noise amplifiers, are being developed at HRL from X-band through Ka-band with state-of-the-art power densities
and noise figures being demonstrated. HRLs highly regarded InP HEMT MMIC technology has been moving toward higher frequencies (e.g., W- through D-band) where new applications are beginning to emerge to take advantage of these capabilities.
In the rapidly evolving areas of antennas and RF front-ends, HRL is investigating approaches to antennas utilizing frequencyselective surfaces with novel microelectronic devices that lend themselves to simplified (and thus potentially low cost) electronic steered arrays. Complementing this is HRLs development of miniature tunable filters having dimensions and tunability
consistent with multi-function phased array elements.
HRL has developed significant technologies in RF and analog signal transmission and processing by optical and photonic
methods and optoelectronics components. In a related activity, this capability has been used to examine the enhancement
of A/D converter performance through a combination of photonics and electronics.
Longer-term approaches to miniature, integrated RF subsystems are being investigated through various techniques for heterogeneous integration. Through these techniques, technologies could be chosen for their optimized characteristics and then
ultimately integrated into miniature subsystem components.
20
Tra n s f o r m a t i o n f ro m
Pa s s i v e t o A c t i v e, S o l i d
State Comes of Age
Passive phased arrays provided new capabilities for radar systems, agile beams and
improved reliability. However, passive
phased array architectures had their problems. They were heavy, due to the need for
a low loss feed structure like a metallic
waveguide, and/or bulky because of the
depth required of the space feed approach.
Furthermore, their reliability was typically at
the mercy of the high power RF transmitter.
The high power transmitter was a singlepoint failure risk. An attempt to improve
the reliability was introduced by using a distributed configuration of lower power
tubes, combined with solid state driver
amplifiers known as Microwave Power
Modules (MPMs). While the MPM
approaches improved reliability, they didnt
achieve the ultimate goal: an amplifier at
every element of the phased array. Nor did
they afford thinner and lighter-weight
approaches that would have revolutionized
the application of phased arrays to an
unprecedented number of airborne, space
22
A r ra y Pa c k a g i n g :
B r i c k v s. T i l e
The first evolution of AESAs used what is
commonly referred to as a brick style
packaging. Brick packaging arranges the
active electronics (and some of the beamforming) in the plane orthogonal to the
aperture surface (see Figure 3).
AESAs use the brick package. Brick packaging methods yield a higher RF power-perradiating-element capability, since the
dimension of depth can be used for larger
devices and thermal spreading. Tile packaging places the active electronics in a plane
parallel with the aperture. Examples of tile
packaging include Iridium, F/A-18 and
newer, F-15 AESAs. Tile packages are limited to power levels that are consistent with
being able to package RF power amplifiers
within the unit cell area of the array radiating element.
The migration from a brick-style packaging
concept to a tile configuration has enabled
AESAs to be installed on a wider variety of
platforms that have strict weight and volume limitations, such as high performance
aircraft, space-based systems and
unmanned vehicles.
AESAs have been in production for nearly
10 years, but still face a significant challenge...cost. They are still too expensive to
achieve a broader incorporation into other
applications. The near term challenges
toward reducing cost are focused on: minimizing the amount of MMIC area, more
highly integrated interconnects and packaging, and more automation in assembly.
Another thrust is focused on the ability to
cool the AESA electronics with air. Most
AESAs today are liquid cooled, which limits
the types of platforms that may accommodate an AESA.
T h e F u t u re o f A E S A s, a
Multifunction and Digital
Revolution?
Whats in store for the next generation of
AESAs in terms of lowering the cost and
providing more capabilities? In an attempt
to lower cost, accommodate air cooling,
and lower prime power needs, large, lowerpower AESA concepts are being developed.
Lower-power design approaches may produce a single MMIC T/R module. Higherpower modules require separate MMICs for
the power amplifiers, low noise amplifiers,
limiters, and phase and attenuation control
circuitry. Its not uncommon for a T/R module to contain three or more MMICs.
Higher-power AESAs are required for
ground platforms that have limited space,
Deployment Team
A classified program
NetFires (NLOS-LS)
24
The SeaRAM program has also been designated as a backup to ensure that the
sponsors vision of implementing the DFSS
methodology on five pilot programs by the
end of the year will be achieved. RMS Vice
President of Engineering, Paul Diamond
sponsored the DFSS Deployment Team,
along with Director of Engineering,
Stu Roth.
Gomez identified the next step in deployment activities designation of the
Technical Discipline Advisors (TDAs) who
will assist Engineering personnel in applying
DFSS concepts to specific technology fields.
TDAs will help designers identify all
potential variation sources on the key characteristics, understand the impact of their
variation, and mitigate them to reduce risk
when necessary, Gomez explained. As
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Two Raytheon Company
businesses in North Texas have
attained Capability Maturity
Model Integration (CMMI)
Level 5 certification for software
engineering from the Software
Engineering Institute (SEISM).
Raytheon Network Centric Systems
and Space and Airborne Systems
share this recognition at several locations
within North Texas. The Level 5 rating was
the result of a two-year effort culminating
in a 3-week appraisal led by John
Ryskowski, an outside independent
appraiser. In addition to over 4000 pieces
of objective evidence collected from the
four focus programs, the appraisal team
interviewed representatives from 39 of the
43 active programs in the region.
Ryskowski remarked on the breadth of
involvement: This is exceptional. This
made for a really solid appraisal. In the
end, only two minor weaknesses were
reported. North Texas is no place for
wimps, Ryskowski said. The strengths
are too numerous to mention. One of
the strengths identified was the Behavior
Change Management technique developed
by the organization to facilitate rapid
deployment. Ive never seen anyone whos
been able to roll things out as quickly as
you do here, Ryskowski said.
The concept for Behavior Change
Management is to identify and sequence a
set of discrete, bite-size behavior
changes needed to achieve business and
organization objectives (such as CMMI
process maturity). The behavior changes
are then deployed to the organization in a
constant flow over time, rather than in a
big-bang effect. Each behavior change
Steve Allo
25
IPDS deployment is
Raytheons primary method of
performing Integrated Program
Planning to win new business,
promote product quality
and ensure program
execution success.
Raytheon Technical Services Company LLC
(RTSC) Engineering and Production Support
(EPS) business recently launched an initiative
to institutionalize IPDS deployment, requiring the development of both knowledgeable resources and a supporting infrastructure in order to ensure timely and effective
deployment. The deployment enablers contained within IPDS provided the blueprint
for a successful IPDS implementation.
Although the organization was conducting
gate reviews on EPS programs, it did not yet
have experience performing IPDS deployments. Two critical questions had to be
answered: What is IPDS deployment?
and What elements are necessary to support deployment?
I P D S E n a b l e rs
Assembled from the best practices and lessons learned over many years of deploying
IPDS on new pursuits and programs, the
primary enablers are a set of three complementary documents: the IPDS Deployment
Concept of Operations, Guidelines for
Establishing an IPDS Deployment
Infrastructure, and the IPDS tailoring
Guidelines (released in IPDS version 2.2.3).
The infrastructure guide states: These
guidelines discuss what constitutes an IPDS
deployment infrastructure and provides a
recommended approach to capability,
including key roles and responsibilities.
The key infrastructure elements shown in
Figure 1 are considered the top-level infrastructure products, providing the initial
organizing structure for the project. The
first of these elements to be addressed at
EPS were: Organizational Structure, Training
and Mentoring and Communications.
A virtual deployment organization was created to address both deploying IPDS and
creating the deployment infrastructure. The
role of the IPDS deployment expert (DE) was
not deemed a full-time job, so it was important to identify qualified resources
Integrated Product
Development System,
IPDS version 2.2.3 is
now available!
Updates include:
Automation and Usability:
P ro f i l e
Sean K. Conley is the IPDS champion for the RTSC Engineering
and Production Support (EPS)
business unit and has led the
IPDS deployment initiative since
June 2003. He is the RTSC business representative to the IPDS Deployment
Network Steering Group (DNSG). Sean is a
Raytheon Certified IPDS Deployment Expert
and a Qualified Six Sigma Specialist.
Sean came to Raytheon from Northrop
Grumman in 1997, serving in various positions as a software and systems engineer,
engineering supervisor, project manager,
process advocate and IPDS Champion.
Sean holds a bachelors degree in Computer
and Electrical Engineering, a masters degree
in Electrical Engineering from Purdue
University and a masters degree in Business
Administration from Indiana University. He is
a Professional Engineer and is currently
preparing for the PMP exam.
Sean Conley
27
Technology Day
Technology
Archive Vitrines
The Innovation Wall
The waiting area features the
Innovation wall, celebrating
Raytheons technology leadership.
Three plasma screens feature
Raytheons history, innovative technologies and people, processes and
tools. Five vitrine display cases and three light boxes reflect Raytheons rich heritage
of innovation and technological advances that drive the company to greater levels
and, in many case, are the genesis of ongoing technology development now
and in the future.
SENSORS
AT3
less susceptible to distortions. AT3 developed a hybrid algorithm, one, to help identify problem areas within a pulse and, two,
to ensure accurate time tagging of the
pulse leading edge.
Another technical challenge was the instrumentation required to verify the accuracy of
the time and frequency transfer. The AT3
system used cesium clocks to benchmark
time and frequency. Each platform had a
cesium clock that was calibrated before and
after each flight test. To support the accurate
measurement of frequency over short time
intervals, a frequency measurement system
was developed that was a hybrid between a
time interval analyzer and a phase noise
tester. The accuracy for time transfer pursued by AT3 required investigating the
impact of relativistic effects on the clocks
between the aircraft. Raytheon worked with
NIST on some investigative flight tests in
order to fully characterize this impact.
30
Summary
The AT3 system was installed on three
Air Force T-39 (Saberliner) aircraft. Over
20 flight Tests were done between
Ft. Huachuca, China Lake, and Edwards
AFB against various emitter systems. The
flight tests were successful. The next phase
will include an advanced concept technology demonstration for the U.S. Air Force on
the F-16 aircraft. The AT3 capability will
be embedded into the ALR-69A (currently
under development at Raytheon in
Goleta, Calif.) and installed into the F-16.
Although demonstrated as a radar targeting system, the AT3 technology is also
applicable to a wide range of radio
frequency transmitters.
At
we encourage people to
work on technological challenges that keep
America strong and develop innovative
commercial products. Part of that process is
identifying and protecting our intellectual
property. Once again, the United States
Patent Office has recognized our engineers
and technologists for their contributions in
their fields of interest. We compliment our
inventors who were awarded patents from
July through December 2003.
CARL NICODEMUS
RANDALL PAHL
MARCUS SNELL
6584880 Electronically controlled arming unit
ROLAND W. GOOCH
THOMAS R. SCHIMERT
6586831 Vacuum package fabrication of integrated circuit
components
JOHN L. VAMPOLA
RICHARD H. WYLES
6587001 Analog load driver
RICHARD D. STREETER
6587021 Micro-relay contact structure for RF applications
BRIAN L. HALLSE
6587070 Digital base-10 logarithm converter
WILLIAM D. CASSABAUM
STEPHEN J. ENGLISH
BRIAN L. HALLSE
RICHARD L. WOOLLEY
6588699 Radar-guided missile programmable
digital predetection signal processor
RICHARD DRYER
GARY H. JOHNSON
JAMES L. MOORE
WILLIAM S. PETERSON
CONLEE O. QUORTRUP
RAJESH H. SHAH
6588700 Precision guided extended range artillery
projectile tactical base
THAD J. GENRICH
6590948 Parallel asynchronous sample rate reducer
HOWARD V. KENNEDY
MARK R. SKOKAN
6596982 Reflection suppression in focal plane arrays by
use of blazed diffraction grating
DWIGHT J. MELLEMA
IRWIN L. NEWBERG
6597824 Opto-electronic distributed crossbar switch
ERNEST C. FACCINI
RICHARD M. LLOYD
6598534 Warhead with aligned projectiles
JOHN A. DEFALCO
6600301 Current shutdown circuit for active bias circuit having
process variation compensation
STEVEN R. GONCALO
YUCHOI FRANCIS LOK
6600442 Precision approach radar system having computer
generated pilot instructions
JOHN M. HADDEN, IV
LONNY R. WALKER
ROBERT G. YACCARINO
6600453 Surface/traveling wave suppressor for antenna
arrays of notch radiators
RAPHAEL JOSEPH WELSH
6600458 Magnetic loop antenna
DAVID K. BARTON
ROBERT E. MILLETT
CARROLL D. PHILLIPS
GEORGE W. SCHIFF
6603421 Shipboard point defense system and
elements therefor
KHIEM V. CAI
ROBERT L. HARTMAN
6603427 System and method for forming a
beam and creating nulls with an adaptive array
antenna using antenna excision and orthogonal
Eigen-weighting
YUEH-CHI CHANG
6603437 High efficiency low sidelobe dual
reflector antenna
ROBERT J. SCHOLZ
6603897 Optical multiplexing device with
separated optical transmitting plates
DAN VARON
6604028 Vertical motion detector for air traffic
control
MILES E. GOFF
6624716 Microstrip to circular waveguide transition with a stripline portion
TONY LIGHT
PAUL LOREGIO
6647175 Reflective light multiplexing device
MICHAEL RAY
6667479 Advanced high speed, multi-level uncooled bolometer and method for fabricating same
ROBERT C. ALLISON
JAR J. LEE
6624720 Micro electro-mechanical system
(MEMS) transfer switch for wideband device
MILES E. GOFF
6647311 Coupler array to measure conductor
layer misalignment
GERHARD KLIMECK
JAN PAUL VAN DER WAGT
6667490 Method and system for generating a
memory cell
FERNANDO BELTRAN
ANGELO M. PUZELLA
6624787 Slot coupled, polarized, egg-crate
radiator
RONALD W. BERRY
ELI E. GORDON
WILLIAM J. HAMILTON, JR.
PAUL R. NORTON
6627865 Nonplanar integrated optical device
array structure and a method for its fabrication
ALBERT E. COSAND
6628220 Circuit for canceling thermal
hysteresis in a current switch
WILLIAM H. HENDERSON
66649281Voltage variable metal/dielectric
composite structure
ADAM M. KENNEDY
WILLIAM A. RADFORD
MICHAEL RAY
JESSICA K. WYLES
RICHARD H. WYLES
6649913 Method and apparatus providing
focal plane array active thermal control
elements
EDWARD A. SEGHEZZI
JOSEPH D. SIMONE
6650271 Signal receiver having adaptive interfering signal cancellation
KENT P. PFLIBSEN
6604366 Solid cryogen cooling system for
focal plane arrays
ELVIN C. CHOU
JAMES R. SHERMAN
6608535 Suspended transmission line with
embedded signal channeling device
CLIFFORD A. MEGERLE
J. BRIAN MURPHY
CARL W. TOWNSEND
6630663 Miniature ion mobility spectrometer
DAVID A. FAULKNER
6608584 System and method for bistatic SAR
image generation with phase compensation
ANDREW F. FENTON
THOMAS D. SHOVLIN
6630902 Shipboard point defense system and
elements therefor
WILLIAM DERBES
JONATHAN D. GORDON
JAR J. LEE
6650304 Inflatable reflector antenna for space
based radars
THAD J. GENRICH
6647075 Digital tuner with optimized clock
frequency and integrated parallel CIC filter and
local oscillator
MAURICE J. HALMOS
ROBERT D. STULTZ
6650685 Single laser transmitter for Qswitched and mode-locked vibration operation
DUSAN D. VUJCIC
6650808 Optical high speed bus for a
modular computer network
STANLEY V. BIRLESON
6653969 Dispersive jammer cancellation
ROBERT R. BLESS
JAMES C. DEBRUIN
YALE P. VINSON
MARTIN A. WAND
6609037 Gimbal pointing vector stabilization
control system and method
JOSEPH CROWDER
PATRICIA DUPUIS
GARY KINGSTON
KENNETH KOMISAREK
ANGELO PUZELLA
6611180 Embedded planar circulator
YONAS NEBIYELOUL-KIFLE
WALTER GORDON WOODINGTON
6611227 Automotive side object detection
sensor blockage detection system and related
techniques
DAVID A. FAULKNER
RALPH H. KLESTADT
ARTHUR J. SCHNEIDER
6614012 Precision-guided hypersonic
projectile weapon system
GARY G. DEEL
6655638 Solar array concentrator system
and method
THAD J. GENRICH
6661852 Apparatus and method for
quadrature tuner error correction
JOAQUIM A. BENTO
DAVID C. COLLINS
ROBIN HOSSFIELD
6637561 Vehicle suspension system
RIC ABBOTT
6638466 Methods of manufacturing
separable structures
GARY A. FRAZIER
6614373 Method and system for sampling a
signal using analog-to-digital converters
YUEH-CHI CHANG
COURT E. ROSSMAN
6639567 Low radar cross section radome
PILEIH CHEN
KENNETH L. MOORE
CHESTER L. RICHARDS
6614386 Bistatic radar system using transmitters in mid-earth orbit
JOSEPH M. FUKUMOTO
6639921 System and method for providing
collimated electromagnetic energy in the 8-12
micron range
ROGER W. BALL
GABOR DEVENYI
KEVIN WAGNER
6614967 Optical positioning of an optical fiber
and an optical component along an optical axis
ANTHONY CARRARA
PAUL A. DANELLO
JOSEPH A. MIRABILE
6615997 Wedgelock system
DAVID J. GULBRANSEN
6642496 Two dimensional optical shading gain
compensation for imaging sensors
DANIEL T. MCGRATH
6642889 Asymmetric-element reflect array
antenna
STEVEN D. EASON
6642898 Fractal cross slot antenna
WILLIAM E. HOKE
KATERINA Y. HUR
6620662 Double recessed transistor
CAROLINE BREGLIA
MICHAEL JOSEPH DELCHECCOLO
THOMAS W. FRENCH
JOSEPH S. PLEVA
MARK E. RUSSELL
H. BARTELD VAN REES
WALTER GORDON WOODINGTON
6642908 Switched beam antenna architecture
JEFF CAPARA
LARRY D. SOBEL
6621071 Microelectronic system with integral
cryocooler, and its fabrication and use
DAVID U. FLUCKIGER
6643000 Efficient system and method for
measuring target characteristics via a beam
of electromagnetic energy
SUSAN G. ANGELLO
GEORGE W. WEBB
6621459 Plasma controlled antenna
JOHN W. BOWRON
6644813 Four prism color management
system for projection systems
GABOR DEVENYI
6621948 Apparatus and method for differential output optical fiber displacement sensing
KAPRIEL V. KRIKORIAN
ROBERT A. ROSEN
6646602 Technique for robust characterization
of weak RF emitters and accurate time difference of arrival estimation for passive ranging of
RF emitters
THOMAS W. MILLER
6618007 Adaptive weight calculation
preprocessor
RAY B. JONES
BARRY B. PRUETT
JAMES R. SHERMAN
6622370 Method for fabricating suspended
transmission line
RANDALL PAHL
MARCUS SNELL
6622605 Fail safe arming unit mechanism
ALEXANDER A. BETIN
HANS W. BRUESSELBACH
DAVID S. SUMIDA
6646793 High gain laser amplifier
KAPRIEL V. KRIKORIAN
ROBERT A. ROSEN
6650272 Radar system and method
KAPRIEL V. KRIKORIAN
ROBERT A. ROSEN
6650274 Radar imaging system and method
KAPRIEL V. KRIKORIAN
ROBERT A. ROSEN
6653972 All weather precision guidance of
distributed projectiles
WILLIAM D. FARWELL
LLOYD F. LINDER
CLIFFORD W. MEYERS
MICHAEL D. VAHEY
6667519 Mixed technology microcircuits
STEPHEN MICHAEL SHOCKEY
6667837 Method and apparatus for configuring an aperture edge
CHUNGTE W. CHEN
CHENG-CHIH TSAI
6670596 Radiometry calibration system and
method for electro-optical sensors
KWANG M. CHO
6670907 Efficient phase correction scheme for
range migration algorithm
MICHAEL JOSEPH DELCHECCOLO
JOHN M. FIRDA
JOSEPH S. PLEVA
MARK E. RUSSELL
H. BARTELD VAN REES
WALTER GORDON WOODINGTON
6670910 Near object detection system
TSUNG-YUAN HSU
ROBERT Y. LOO
ROBERT S. MILES
JAMES H. SCHAFFNER
ADELE E. SCHMITZ
DANIEL F. SIEVENPIPER
GREGORY L. TANGONAN
6670921 Low-cost HDMI-D packaging
technique for integrating an efficient
reconfigurable antenna array with RF MEMS
switches and a high impedance surface
WILLIAM D. FARWELL
6671754 Techniques for alignment of multiple
asynchronous data sources
PYONG K. PARK
RALSTON S. ROBERTSON
6653984 Electronically scanned dielectric
covered continuous slot antenna conformal
to the cone for dual mode seeker
MARY G. GALLEGOS
ROBERT A. MIKA
IRWIN L. NEWBERG
6630905 System and method for redirecting a
signal using phase conjugation
YUEH-CHI CHANG
THOMAS V. SIKINA
6653985 Microelectromechanical phased array
antenna
PHILLIP A. COX
6631040 Method and apparatus for effecting
temperature compensation in an optical apparatus
JAMES W. CULVER
MATTHEW C. SMITH
THOMAS M. WELLER
6657518 Notch filter circuit apparatus
MICHAEL JOSEPH DELCHECCOLO
DELBERT LIPPER
MARK E. RUSSELL
H. BARTELD VAN REES
WALTER GORDON WOODINGTON
6657581 Automotive lane changing aid indicator
WILLIAM P. GOLEMON
RONALD L. MEYER
RAMAIAH VELIDI
6658269 Wireless communications system
KWANG M. CHO
6661369 Focusing SAR images formed by RMA
with arbitrary orientation
MARY DOMINIQUE O'NEILL
6662700 Method for protecting an aircraft
against a threat that utilizes an infrared sensor
MOHI SOBHANI
6663395 Electrical joint employing conductive
slurry
MARGARETE NEUMANN
LOTHAR SCHELD
CONRAD STENTON
6664124 Fabrication of thin-film optical devices
JAMES LAMPEN
JAIYOUNG PARK
6664870 Compact 180 degree phase shifter
EDMOND E. GRIFFIN, II
CHARLES J. MOTT
TRUNG T. NGUYEN
6664920 Near-range microwave detection for
frequency-modulation continuous-wave and
stepped frequency radar systems
TOVAN L. ADAMS
W. NORMAN LANGE, JR.
ERIC C. MAUGANS
6666123 Method and apparatus for energy
and data retention in a guided projectile
BILLY D. ABLES
JOHN C. EHMKE
JAMES L. CHEEVER
CHARLES L. GOLDSMITH
6633079 Wafer level interconnection
WILLIAM K. HUGGETT
6633251 Electric signalling system
WILLIAM DAVID AUTERY
JAMES JAY HUDGENS
JOHN MICHAEL TROMBETTA
GREGORY STEWART TYBER
6634189 Glass reaction via liquid encapsulation
TERRY A. BREESE
WILLIAM A. KASTENDIECK
JAMES F. HOLLINGSWORTH
6634209 Weapon fire simulation system and
method
ROBERT DENNIS BREEN
6633251 Pin straightening tool
KENNETH W. BROWN
THOMAS A. DRAKE
THOMAS L. OBERT
6634189 High power variable slide RF tuner
CARL P. NICODEMUS
6634189 Multiple airborne missile launcher
ROBERT A. BAILEY
ANDREW D. HARTZ
CHARLES M. POI, JR.
6634209 Dispenser structure for chaff ermeasures
THAD J. GENRICH
6634392 Method and system for generating a
trigonometric function
JOHN ALLEN ARMSTRONG
JOHN MITCHELL BUTLER
BRIAN WILLARD LEIKAM
TOM MATTHEW MAGGIO
TERRY NEAL MCDONALD
6636414 Method for detecting a number of
consecutive valid data frames and advancing
into a lock mode to monitor synchronization
patterns within a synchronization window
31
Raytheon receives
AS9100 enterprise
certification
Future Events
Raytheon 3rd Joint Systems
and Software Engineering
Symposium
Innovative Solutions
through Technology
Engineering
March 23 25, 2004
Westin Hotel, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, Calif.
The Third Joint Raytheon Systems &
Software Engineering Symposium is
devoted to fostering increase teaming
and technical collaboration on current
developments, capabilities and future
directions between the Systems &
Software Engineering disciplines. This
symposium, sponsored by the Raytheon
Systems & Software Engineering
Technology Networks and the Raytheon
Systems & Software Engineering
Councils, is conducted as a means to
provide an improved understanding of
Raytheons expertise in these areas, and
to build and cultivate networking
among our technologists and engineering personnel. The symposium will focus
on Raytheon developed or developing
technologies by the systems and software engineering disciplines. As technology is always expanding, the impacts
and effects of Information Technology
on engineering disciplines will also be
addressed.
While Raytheon continues the integration of engineering disciplines into a
cohesive unit, we need to aggressively
exploit existing and emerging technological competencies along with networked interoperable common product
architectures, COTS products, and integrated engineering processes, while
ensuring customer inclusion, acceptance
and satisfaction. Our relentless challenge is to find better ways to collaborate in bringing innovative, high quality
integrated turnkey solutions to our customers for less cost and within shorter
schedules.
For more information, visit the Systems and
Software Engineering symposium Web site
at http://home.ray.com/rayeng/
technetworks/tab6/se_sw2004/index.html