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Introduction to
Project Management

Manajemen Proyek Perangkat Lunak

Adi Mulyanto
2006

Introduction to Project
Management
Pengertian

Project Management

Project Manager

MPPL - Project Management

Project Management (IT Prj Mgt)

Project Management adalah pengaplikasian

knowledge, skills, tools, dan techniques pada
aktifitas proyek untuk mencapai kebutuhan dan
tujuan proyek

Pelaksanaan proyek tidak hanya

mempertemukan scope, time, cost, dan quality
sebagai tujuan proyek, tetapi juga harus
memfasilitasi seluruh proses untuk
mempertemukan kebutuhan dan harapan dari
person-person yang terlibat (stakeholders)

MPPL - Project Management

Project Management (PMP Study Guide)

Project management adalah proses yang

mencakup perencanaan, penerapan, serta
pengukuran performansi dan kemajuan
proyek

MPPL - Project Management

Project Stakeholders

Project sponsor, pemilik pekerjaan atau pemberi tugas

Project manager, unsur sentral yang bekerja dengan
seluruh stakeholder lain
Project team
Support staff
Executive
Users
Supplier
Environment (lingkungan atau tetangga)

Masing-masing stakeholder punya banyak perbedaan

interest. Kebutuhan dan harapannya penting
diperhatikan sejak awal proyek
MPPL - Project Management

PMBOK

Structures Project Management by

 A)

Processes
 B) Knowledge Areas

Processes. 2 types
 1.

Project Management processes: describing

and organizing the work of the project
 2. Product-oriented processes: specifying and
building the projects product
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MPPL - Project Management

Q7503 Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002

The 5 PMI Process Groups

1. Initiating

2. Planning

3. Executing

4. Controlling

5. Closing
Note: these can be repeated for each phase

Each process is described by:

Inputs
Tools & Techniques
Outputs
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MPPL - Project Management

Q7503 Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002

PMI Process Groups

Source: Project Management Institute

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MPPL - Project Management

Q7503 Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002

Project Management
Knowledge Area (9 categories)
Core function:

Project scope management (1)

Project time management (2)

Project cost management (3)

Project quality management (4)
Facilitating function:

Project human resource management (5)

Project communications management (6)

Project risk management (7)

Project procurement (8)
Overacting function: Project integration management (9)
MPPL - Project Management

Project Management Framework

Enterprise
success

Stakeholders
Needs and
expectations

Project Portfolio

9 Knowledge Areas
Core Function
Scope
Mgt

TimeM
gt

Cost
Mgt

Qualit
Mgt

Project Integration Management

HR
Mgt

Comm
Mgt

Risk
Mgt

Tools and
Techniques

Project1
Project2
Project3
Project4
Project5

Project
Success

Procur
Mgt

Facilitating Function
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Project Management Tools and Techniques

akan membantu tim proyek dalam
menyelesaikan seluruh pekerjaan yang tercakup
dalam 9 knowledge area. Contoh: timemanagement tools and techniques incl gantt
charts, project network diagram, dan critical
paths analysis
Project portfolio management akan
mengorganisasikan hasil pelaksanaan proyek
sebagai portfolio yang selanjutnya akan menjadi
investasi untuk menunjukkan keberhasilan
perusahaan

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Project Management Job Function

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Mendefinisikan scope of project

Mengidentifikasi stakeholder, decision maker,
dan prosedur eskalasi
Membuat work breakdown structure
Mengestimasi time requirement
Membuat prosedur/flowchart persiapan project
management
Mengidentifikasi kebutuhan resources dan
budget
Mengevaluasi project requirements

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Project Mgt Job Fuction (cont.)

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi resiko

Mempersiapkan contingency plan
Menidentifikasi interdependensi
Mengidentifikasi dan melacak milestones kritis
Berpartisipasi dalam review proyek
Mengamankan resources yang dibutuhkan
Mengelola proses pengendalian perubahan
Membuat laporan status proyek

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Keuntungan atas pemanfaatan

Project Management

Pengendalian yg lebih baik atas sumberdaya

keuangan, fisik, dan manusia
Meningkatkan customer relations
Memperpendek waktu pengembangan
Menghemat biaya
Meningkatkan kualitas dan ketahanan
Meningkatkan profit margins
Memperbaiki produktifitas
Memperbaiki koordinasi internal
Meningkatkan etos kerja / moral pekerja

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Faktor-faktor Keberhasilan Proyek

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Dukungan eksekutif
Keterlibatan user
Project Manager yg berpengalaman (97% keberhasilan)
Tujuan/sasaran bisnis yang jelas
Lingkup (scope) yang fokus
Ada standar dalam penggunaan infrastruktur software
Requirement yang jelas dan tegas
Penggunaan metodologi formal
Estimasi yang dapat dipercaya
Kriteria lain seperti small milestones, proper planning,
competent staff, dan ownership

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Project Success Rates

The 2001 Standish Group Report Showed Decided Improvement

in IT Project Success Rates From the 1995
 Time overruns: decreased to 63% compared to 222%
 Cost overruns were down to 45% compared to 189%
 Required features were up to 67% compared to 61%
 78,000 U.S. projects were successful vs. to 28,000
 28% of IT projects succeeded compared to 16%

Why the Improvements?

Avg. cost reduced by half

Better tools for monitoring and control
More skilled PMs, more process, more user involvement
And The fact that there are processes is significant in itself.
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MPPL - Project Management

Q7503 Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002

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Project Manager (PM)

PM adalah penanggungjawab langsung dan pemimpin

pelaksanaan proyek
A project manager (analogy): conductor, coach, captain
PM berperan penting dalam pelaksanaan proyek
PM harus familier dengan 9 project management
knowledge area dan berbagai tools dan techniques
untuk project management
PM yg baik mementingkan keberhasilan proyek
PM harus dekat dengan stakeholder lain, khususnya
sponsor, tim proyek, dan pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam
pencapaian tujuan proyek

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Skills yang disarankan untuk PM

Disarankan agar memahami dan mengikuti:
(IT Prj Mgt)

The project management body of knowledge

Application area knowledge, standards, and

regulations

Project environment knowledge

General management knowledge and skills

Soft skills or human relations skills

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PM harus memahami organisasi tempatnya bekerja

dan memahami lingkungan fisik, sosial, dan politik
PM harus memahami topik-topik penting seperti:
financial management, accounting, procurement,
sales, marketing, contracts, manufacturing,
distribution, logistics, supply chain, strategic
planning, tactical planning, operations management,
organizational structures & behavior, personnel
administration, compensation, benefits, career
paths, dan health & safety practices
Performansi proyek yg tinggi memerlukan soft skill /
human relations skills.

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Karakteristik PM yang efektif

(IT Prj Mgt)

Lead by example (memberi contoh)

Visioner
Memiliki kompetensi teknis
Tegas
Good communicators
Good motivators
Berani menghadapi top management ketika
dibutuhkan
Mensuport team members
Mendorong munculnya ide-ide baru

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Kemampuan yg diperlukan oleh PM

(PMP Study Guide)

Communication Skills

Organizational Skills

Budgeting Skills

Problem-solving Skills

Negotiating & Influencing Skills

Leadership Skills

Team-building & Human resources Skills

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