ACERC/DOEE/2014-15/SEMINAR/1

Candidates Declaration
I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the seminar, entitled SURGE
CURRENT PROTECTION USING SUPERCONDUTORin partial fulfillment for the
award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering, submitted to the
Department of Electrical Engineering, Arya College of Engineering &Research Centre,
Rajasthan Technical University is a record of my own work carried under the Guidance of
Mr. Pushpendra Foujdar.
I have not submitted the matter presented in this Report anywhere for the award of any
other Degree.

(Signature of Candidate)
RUPESH KUMAR
11EAYEE041

ACERC/DOEE/2014-15/SEMINAR/2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to our Guide Mr. Pushpendra Foujdar. For
guiding me from the inception till the completion of the Seminar. We sincerely
acknowledge him for giving his valuable guidance, support for literature survey, critical
reviews and comments for our Seminar.
We would like to first of all express our thanks to Dr. Pooja Agarwal , Director of Arya
Main Campus, for providing us such a great infrastructure and environment for our overall
development.
We express sincere thanks to Prof(Dr.)I C Sharma the Principal of ACERC, for his kind
cooperation and extendible support towards the completion of our Seminar.
Words are inadequate in offering our thanks to Mr. Deepak Sharma, H.O.D of EE
Department, for consistent encouragement and support for shaping our Seminar in the
presentable form.
We also express our deepest thanks to Mr. Avdesh Agarwal for his support in providing
technical requirement and fulfilling our various other requirements for making our
Seminar success.
We also like to express our thanks to all supporting EE faculty members who have been a
constant source of encouragement for successful completion of the Seminar.
Also our warm thanks to Arya College of Engineering &Research Centre, who provided
us this opportunity to carryout, this prestigious Seminar and enhance our learning in
various technical fields.
Rupesh Kumar
11EAYEE041

ACERC/DOEE/2014-15/SEMINAR/3

ABSTRACT

The recent growth of power circuit capacities has caused fault currents to increase. Since
the protection of power systems from the fault currents is very important, it is needed to
develop a fault current limiter. A fault current limiter is required to assure (1) rapid
reaction to fault currents, (2) how impedance in normal operation and (3) large impedance
during fault conditions. A super conducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) can meet these
requirements superconductors, because of their sharp transition from zero resistance at
normal current to finite resistance at higher current densities, are tailor-made for use in
FCLs.
Super conductors are of two types-high temperature superconductors (HITS) and low
temperature superconductor (LTS). The HTS are substances that lose all resistance below
temperature main tamable by liquid nitrogen. LTS are substances that lose all receptivity
close to 4k, a temperature attainable only using by using liquid helium. Cost of cooling
LTS (which are mostly metals, alloys and intermettalics) makes their use in many
applications commercially impractical. HTS material available are all made of bismuth
(BSCCO) or yttrium-cup rate (YBCO). So far, various types of SCFLS have been
developed (resistance, shield core type, hybrid etc.). The SCFCL offers efficient
advantages to power system and opens up a major application for superconducting
material

ACERC/DOEE/2014-15/SEMINAR/4

LIST OF FIGURES
FIG 1

FIG. NO.

WAVEFORM OF SURGE CURRENT

FIGURE NAME

PAGE NO. FIG

SUPERCONDUCTOR

FIG 3

FAULT CONTROL WITH FAULT CURRENT LIMITER

10

FIG 4

FAULT CURRENT LIMITER IN MAIN POSITION

12

FIG 5

FAULT CURRENT LIMITER IN FEEDER

12

FIG 6

FAULT CURRENT LIMITER IN TIE LINE1

FIG 7

FAULT CURRENT LIMITER WITH TRIGGER COIL

15

FIG 8

INDUCTIVE FAULT CURRENT LIMITER

16

FIG9

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE INDUCTIVE FCL

18

FIG10

CONFIGURATION OF COILS IN THE TEPCO

19

FIG 11

EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE 6.6 KV , 2000 A-CLASS

19

13

CURRENT LIMITER
FIG 12

CURRENT LIMITING CHARACTERISTICS OF FCL

20

FIG13

POWER RATING OF THE INDUCTIVE LIMITER

23

ACERC/DOEE/2014-15/SEMINAR/5

CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE FROM DEPARTMENT

CANDIDATES DECLARATION
II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

III

ABSTRACT

IV

TABLE LIST

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 SURGE CURRENT

2-3

THEORY

2.1

CHAPTER 3 SUPER CODUCTOR

4-6
3.1

INTRODUCTION
4

3.2

MEISSNER EFFECT

5
3.3

ADVANTAGES OF SUPERCONDUCTOR

CHAPTER 4 FAULT CURRENT LIMITER

7-9
4.1

INTRODUCTION
7

4.2

FAULT CURRENT PROBLEM

9

CHAPTER 5 SUPERCONDUCTIVE FCL

10-11
5.1

THEORY
10

5.2

RESISTIVE SFCL MODEL

11

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CHAPTER 6 FAULT CURRENT LIMITER

12-14

6.1

APPLICATION

12
CHAPTER 7 SUPERCONDUCTIVE FAULT CURRENT
15-16
LIMITER CONCEPT
7.1

THE RESISTIVE FAULT CURRENT LIMITER

15

7.2

THE INDUCTIVE LIMITER

16

CHAPTER 8 JAPANESE FCL PROGRAM

17-20
8.1

INTRODUCTION

17

CHAPTER 10 SWISS AND GERMAN FCL PROGRAM

21-22
10.1

INTRODUCTION

22

ACERC/DOEE/2014-15/SEMINAR/7