Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ISSN: 1819-4214
INABSTA
Haematology and stress in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepd, 1830) from River Ogun and Asejire
reservoir, Southwest Nigeria receiving contrasting wastes.
A, A. Sowunmi* , V. A. Okeleke
Hydrobiology and Fisheries Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria.
*Corresponding author email: aa.sowunmi@mail.ui.edu.ng; dayolegba@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract
Stress responses using haematology was investigated in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from Asejire Reservoir and
R.Ogun, Southwest Nigeria; respectively receiving predominantly wastes from a bottling plant and abattoir. PCV,
Hb, RBC, WBC, heterophils and monocytes values were higher in fishes from Asejire Reservoir; platelets,
lymphocytes and eosinophils were however higher in fishes from R.Ogun. Erythrocytic indices of MCV
(97.8512.78) and MCH (105.2719.54) were respectively higher in fishes from Asejire Reservoir and R.Ogun.
Eosinophils (54.07) and CF (42.02) recorded highest respective variability. Redistribution of lymphocytes (CV=14.9
and 5.45), heterophils (CV=31.71 and 11.94) and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio ratio suggested responses that were
less impaired or fatigued in Ch. nigrodigitatus from Asejire reservoir (CV=89.70) compared with those from
R.Ogun (CV=17.58); which were apparently in better condition (CF=1.380.58) than fishes from the reservoir
(CF=1.080.42).
Keywords: Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, heamatology, stress, heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, Nigeria
Introduction
Finfishes, the largest group of vertebrate, are always
in intimate contact with water via the respiratory
surfaces and the skin (1). Their responses to changes
in water conditions are considered good indicators of
biotic integrity (2). Heamatological responses in
finfishes associated with wastes are well documented.
However those associated with waters receiving
abattoir
wastes
are
limited.
Additionally,
heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio commonly used as
vertebrates stress indicator (3,4,5,6) is not usually
included in studies involving finfishes. It was
therefore against this background that a study was
carried out study the stress of Chrysichthys
nigrodigitatus (Lacepd, 1830) from R.Ogun and
Asejire reservoir in Southwest Nigeria, receiving
abattoir and bottling effluents respectively using
haematological responses especially H:L ratio.
Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, the silver catfish, is a
highly valued food fish in West African countries
supporting thriving commercial fisheries, with
documented
potential
for
aquaculture
(7)
environmental monitoring studies (8,9,10,11) and
widespread ethnomedical importance (12). Asejire
reservoir, a man-made reservoir within coordinates of
04005E and 07021N was constructed in 1970, about
30km East of Ibadan on River Oshun with an
impounded area of 2342ha and gross storage capacity
of 7403 million litres. Detailed information on its
from
Asejire
Reservoir.
Platelets
(166529.4151792.99), Lymphocytes (67.353.67)
and Eosinophils (2.120.78) were however higher in
fishes from R.Ogun. Erythrocytic indices of MCV
(97.8512.78) and MCH (105.2719.54) were higher
respectively in fishes from Asejire Reservoir and
Ogun River. Contrarily, MCHC respectively with
32.390.77 and 32.930.93 were marginally different
between fishes from the two water bodies.
Within-sample and between-sample variability was
pronounced for metric and blood parameters. MCHC
was the least variable in both samples with 2.37%
and 2.82% CV respectively. Eosinophils (54.07%)
and CF (42.02%) recorded highest variability in
samples from Asejire Reservoir and Ogun River
respectively. Heterophils (19.77%) and MCHC
(0.45%) respectively recorded highest and lowest
between-sample differences in variability.WBC and
MCV differed significantly (p>0.05) between
samples from the study sites. The H:L ratio in fishes
from R.Ogun (CV=17.58) were less variable
compared with fishes from Asejire reservoir
(CV=89.70) however the H:L for individuals from
both water bodies aggregated between 0.40-0.45.
Details were as shown in Figs 1 and 2.
R.Ogun (n=17)
Summary
201.5670.98
(75.00-300.20)
24.722.46
(19.00-28.10)
1.380.58
(0.68-2.91)
25.534.51
(20.00-39.10)
8.381.39
(6.80-12.60)
2.500.63
(1.24-3.71)
12805.882469.43
(9500.00-17300.00)
166529.4151792.99
(94000.00-234000)
67.353.67
(23.00-36.00)
28.943.45
(23.00-36.00)
1.590.61
(1.00-3.00)
2.120.78
(1.00-3.00)
34.757.20
(28.62-56.45)
32.930.93
(31.07-35.00)
105.2719.54
(85.82-161.29)
0.430.07
(0.32-0.59)
Coefficient
of
variation
35.22
t-value
(t0.05=
1.85)
-4.80
9.96
-3.70
42.02
-1.94
17.90
1.12
16.64
0.88
25.15
1.78
19.28
2.99
31.10
-1.03
5.45
-1.76
11.94
1.62
38.87
1.56
36.84
-1.57
20.71
27.12
2.82
-2.21
18.56
-15.44
17.58
1.93
Discussion
Investigation
into
the
haematology
of
Ch.nigrodigitatus from Nigerian water bodies had
been limited and the values reported here departed
considerably from the few available observations.
Our results provided further insight into responses of
wild population exposed to chronic but contrasting
pollution. Fishes from Ogun river compared with
sample from Asejire reservoir, were probably better
compensating for stress (23) or otherwise with
impaired or fatigued responses to stress (24) from
chronic exposure. RBC counts were considerably
higher compared with previous reports on this fish
species (25,26,27) and other reported Nigerian
finfishes (28,29) with exception of Synodontis
membranacea (30). Variations in RBC and related
indices have been linked to multiple causes (23)
which included species specific physiological and
compensatory mechanisms, intensity and duration of
exposure. Of these indices, MCV showed most
departure from previously reported values suggesting
anemia in fishes from both water bodies under
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
References
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Science 246: 352-358.
2 Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1999. The stress
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heterophil/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of
stress in chickens. Avian Diseases 27(4): 972979.
4. Olayemi, F. Oyewale, J. Rahman, S.,
Omolewa, O. 2003. Comparative assessment of
the white blood cell values, plasma volume and
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