PREFACE NOMENCLATURE

1. Introduction
1.1. The Scope of Pipe Stress Analysis;
1.2. Piping Components and Connecting Equipment;
1.3. Modes of Failure;
1.4. Piping Codes;
1.5. Industry Practice;
1.6. Design Specification;
1.7. Plant Walk-down.
2. Strength of Materials Basics
2.1. Tensile Strength;
2.2. Elastic Relationship of Stress and Strain;
2.3. Static Equilibrium;
2.4. Stresses due to Moments;
2.5. Stresses in Pipes;
2.6. Evaluation of Multi-Dimensional Stresses;
2.7. Basic Beam Formulas;
2.8. Analysis of Piping Assembly.
3. Thermal Expansion and Piping Flexibility
3.1. Thermal Expansion Force and Stress;
3.2. Methods of Providing Flexibility;
3.3. Self-Limiting Stress;
3.4. Stress Intensification and Flexibility Factors;
3.5. Allowable Thermal Expansion Stress Range;
3.6. Cold Spring;
3.7. Pressure Effects on Piping Flexibility;
3.8. General Procedure of Piping Flexibility Analysis;
3.9. Problems with Too Much Flexibility;
3.10.
Field Proven Systems.
4. Code Stress Requirements
4.1. Design Chapter of the Piping Codes;
4.2. Loadings to be Considered;
4.3. Basic Allowable Stresses;
4.4. Pressure Design;
4.5. Stresses of Piping Components;
4.6. Class 1 Nuclear Piping.
5. Discontinuity Stresses
5.1. Differential Equation of the Beam Deflection Curve;
5.2. The Infinite Beam on Elastic Foundation with Concentrated Load;
5.3. Semi-Infinite Beam on Elastic Foundation;
5.4. Application of Beam on Elastic Foundation to Cylindrical Shells;
5.5. Effective Widths;
5.6. Choking Model;
5.7. Stresses at Junctions Between Dissimilar Materials ;
5.8. Vessel Shell Rotation.
6. Pipe Supports and Restraints
6.1. Device Terminology and Basic Functions;
6.2. Support Spacing;
6.3. Analysis of Piping Systems Resting on Supports;
6.4. Variable Spring and Constant Effort Supports;
6.5. Support of Long Risers;
6.6. Significance of Support Friction;
6.7. Support of Large Pipes;
6.8. Pipe Stresses at Integral Support Attachments;

6.9. Treatment of Support Stiffness and Displacement.

7. Flexible Connections
7.1. Basic Flexible Joint Elements and Analytical Tools;
7.2. Using Catalog Data;
7.3. Applications of Bellow Expansion Joints;
7.4. Slip Joints;
7.5. Flexible Hoses;
7.6. Examples of Improper Installation of Expansion Joints.
8. Interface with Stationary Equipment
8.1. Flange Leakage Concern;
8.2. Sensitive Valves;
8.3. Pressure Vessel Connections;
8.4. Power Boiler and Process Heater Connections;
8.5. Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger Connections;
8.6. Low-Type Tank Connections.
9. Interface with Rotating Equipment
9.1. Brief background of Allowable Piping Load on Rotating Equipment;
9.2. Evaluation of Piping Load on Rotating Equipment ;
9.3. Steam Power Turbine;
9.4. Mechanical Drive Steam Turbines;
9.5. Centrifugal Pumps;
9.6. Centrifugal Compressors;
9.7. Reciprocating Compressors and Pumps;
9.8. Problems with Some Techniques Used in Reducing Piping Loads;
9.9. Example Procedure for Designing Rotating Equipment Piping.
10. Transportation Pipeline and Buried Piping
10.1.
Governing Codes and General Design Requirements;
10.2.
Behaviors of Long Pipeline;
10.3.
Pipeline Bends;
10.4.
Basic Elements of Soil Mechanics;
10.5.
Example Calculations of Basic Pipeline Behaviors ;
10.6.
Simulation of Soil Resistance;
10.7.
Behaviors of Large Bends;
10.8.
Construction of Analytical Model;
10.9.
Anchor and Drag Anchor.
11. Special Thermal Problems
11.1.
Thermal Bowing;
11.2.
Refractory Lined Pipe;
11.3.
Un-insulated Flange Connections;
11.4.
Unmatched Small Branch Connections;
11.5.
Socket-welded Connections.
12. Dynamic Analysis Part 1, SDOF Systems and Basics
12.1.
Impact and Dynamic Load Factor;
12.2.
Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) Structures;
12.3.
Damping;
12.4.
Sonic Velocity vs. Flow Velocity;
12.5.
Shaking Forces due to Fluid Flow;
12.6.
Safety Valve Relieving Forces;
12.7.
Steam Turbine Trip Load.
13. Dynamic Analysis Part 2, MDOF Systems and Applications
13.1.
Lumped-Mass Multi-Degree of Freedom (MDOF) Systems;
13.2.
Piping Subject to Ground Motion;
13.3.
Account for Uncertainties;
13.4.
Steady State Vibration and Harmonic Analysis;
13.5.
Time History Analysis.

14. APPENDIX A Standard Nominal Pipe Wall Thickness;

15. APPENDIX B, Dimension of Butt-Welding Fittings;
16. APPENDIX C, Thermal Expansion Rate of Piping Materials;
17. APPENDIX D, Modulus of Elasticity of Piping Materials;
18. APPENDIX E, Valve and Flange Data;
19. APPENDIX F, ASME B31.1 Allowable Stress.
20. INDEX