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Kultur Dokumente
3, 1985 AUGUST
209
(2)
poifc(r; As)
(3)
Reader Aids-
Purpose: Tutorial
Special math needed for explanations: Elementary probability
Special math needed to use results: Same
Results useful to: Reliability and quality assurance engineers
use the chi-square tables for obtaining Poisson probabilities (for example,
the Pearson & Hartley, Biometrica Tables).
=csqf(21t; 2r)
Notation
mean,
of-freedom, v
number of failures
Step 2. Find the mean, ,u, in the Poisson tables such that
DISCUSSION
the rejection probability is 1 -f for c + 1 or more failures,
Traditionally, the chi-square table is used by reliabili- or equivalently, the acceptance probability is f3 for c or
ty engineers to calculate a statistical confidence interval for fewer failures. Once the mean, ,u, is found, then the totalconstant failure rate, X, from a test that is run for a total- test-time, T, is found from
test time, T, with r failures (r is the random variable):
X1-a/2 (2r)
Xa/2
(4)
2,u = 2X2T, T = /X2
Xi --/2
X,!/2 (2r + 22)v
(1) Explanation of Step 2
2T___(2r)_ <2rT
2T
2T
The probability of acceptance is the sum of Poisson
It is also used in a similar fashion to calculate the operating terms up to and including c:
characteristic of an acceptance test with a rectangular stopping boundary (the test stops when a given total-test-time Pr{Accept} = poif(c; it)
(Sa)
is reached, or a given number of failures has occurred
whichever comes first).
= csqfc(2,u; 2c + 2)
(5b)
What follows is an example showing the use of the
chi-square table for designing sampling plans when the from (2).
0018-9529/85/0800-0209$01 .00(C 1985 IEEE
210
TABLE 1
Survivor Function (Sf) of the Chi-Square Distribution
Cumulative Distribution Function (Cdf) of the Poisson Distribution
2C or
2C +2
2)
-2npor2TA
Q-0.99
0.95
0.90
0.80
0.60
0,20
0.10
0.05
0.01
2
4
6
8
10
0.020
0.297
0.872
1.646
2.558
0.103
0.711
1.635
2.733
3.940
0.211
1.064
2.204
3.490
4.865
0.446
1.649
3.070
4.594
6.179
1.386
3.367
6.348
7.344
9.342
3.219
6.989
8.568
11.030
13A42
4.605
7.779
10.645
13.362
15.987
5.991
9.488
12.592
15.507
18,307
9.210
13.277
16.812
20.090
23.209
12
14
16
18
20
3.571
4.660
5.812
7.015
8.260
5.226
6.571
7.962
9.390
7.807
9.467
18.649
14.578
11.340
13.339
15.338
17.338
19.337
15.821
18.161
20.465
10.851
6.304
7.790
9.312
10.865
12A43
22
24
26
28
30
9.542
10.856
12.198
13.565
14.954
12.338
13.848
15.379
16.928
18.493
14.041
16.659
17.292
18.939
20.599
16.314
18.062
19.820
21.588
23.364
32
34
36
38
40
16.36
17.79
19.23
20.69
22.16
20.07
22.27
23.95
25.64
27.34
29.05
42
44
46
48
60
23.7
25.1
26.7
28.2
29.7
33.1
34.8
52
54
56
58
60
31.2
32.8
34.3
35.9
37.5
62
39.1
40.6
42.2
43.8
45.4
48.3
50.0
61.7
47.1
48.7
50.3
63.5
55.2
66.9
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
51.9
53.5
-2.3263
26.038
21.064
23.542
25.989
28.412
21.020
23.685
26.296
28.869
31.410
26.217
29.141
32.000
34.805
37.566
21.337
23.337
25.336
27.336
29.336
27.301
29.553
31.795
34.027
36.250
30.813
33.196
35.563
37.916
40.256
33.924
36.415
38.885
41.337
43.773
40.289
42.980
45.642
48.278
50.892
25.15
26.94
28.73
30.54
32.34
31.34
33.34
35.34
37.34
39.34
38.47
40.68
42.88
45.08
47.27
42.58
44.90
47.21
49.51
51.81
46.19
48.60
51.00
53.38
55.76
53.49
56.06
58.62
61.16
63.69
30.8
32.5
34.2
35.9
37.7
34.2
36.0
37.8
39.6
41.4
41.3
43,3
46.3
49.5
54.1
58.1
60.5
62.8
65.2
66.2
68.7
36.4
38.1
39.8
41.5
43.2
39.4
41.2
42.9
44.7
43.3
45.1
47.0
48.8
50.6
44.9
46.6
48.2
62.5
64.3
21.66
23.27
24.88
26.51
28.1
29.8
31.4
58.7
60.4
-1.6449
. .. ..
46.5
50.0
11.152
12.857
53.5
56.2
58.0
57.1
61.8
63.6
51.8
55.3
59.9
47.3
68.2
51.3
53.6
55.3
62.5
61.3
71.1
73.3
76A
77.6
79.7
59.3
63.3
65.3
67.3
69.3
64.3
-1.2816
-0.8418
0.0000
___.__I
64.7
66.8
69.0
67.3
692
65.5
60.3
67.3
62.5
60.7
51.6
63.8
56.0
49.3
71.3
73.3
75.3
77.3
79.3
58.9
22.760
81.9
56.4
71.2
73.7
76.2
58.6
60.9
63.2
67.5
65A
67.7
69.9
72.2
74.4
69.8
72.2
74.5
76.8
79.1
88.4
76.6
78.9
81.1
83.3
81.4
83.7
86.0
88.3
90.5
90.8
93.2
95.6
98.0
100.4
92.8
102.8
105.2
107.6
85.5
78.6
81.1
83.5
86.0
86.1
88.3
GOA9
87.7
90.0
92.2
94.4
96.6
101.9
112.3
+0.8418
+1.2816
+1.6449
+2.3263
84.0
95.1
97.4
99.6
110.0
211
1963. He worked in Aerospace from 1959 to 1973. In 1973 he joined Consolidated Edison Co. of New York as a senior reliability engineer.
XI = 1.635/(2T)
= 0.573%o/1000 hours
(8)
Manuscript TR82-100 received 1982 September 18; revised 1983 April 26;
revised 1984 December.