Useful Formulae in Advanced Level Physics

v
= w 2r
r
2

A1.

a=

A2.

a = w 2c

simple harmonic motion

A3.

L = Iw

angular momentum of a rigid body

A4.

.T =

dL
dt

torque on a rotating body

A5.

E=

1 2
Iw
2

energy stored in a rotating body

B1.

v=

T
m

velocity of transverse wave motion in a stretched string

B2.

v=

E
r

velocity of longitudinal wave motion in a solid

B3.

n = tan q p

B4.

d=

B5.

d sin q = nl

diffraction grating equation

B6.

u - u0
f '= f (
)
u - us

Doppler frequency

B7.

10 log10 (

C1.

F=

Gm1 m2
r2

Newtons law of gravitation

C2.

V =

GM
r

gravitational potential

C3.

r3 / T2 = constant

C4.

E=

Q
4pe 0 r 2

electric field due to a point charge

C5.

V =

Q
4pe 0 r

electric potential due a point charge

lD
a

centripetal acceleration

refractive index and polarizing angle

fringe width in double-slit interference

I2
)
I1

definition of the decibel

Keplers third law

C6.

E=

V
d

electric field between parallel plates (numerically)

C7.

C=

Q e0 A
=
V
d

capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor

C8.

Q = Qo e -t / RC

decay of charge with time when a capacitor discharges

C9.

Q = Qo (1 - e -t / RC )

rise of charge with time when charging a capacitor

C10.

E=

C11.

I = nAuQ

C12.

R=

C13.

F = BQu sin q

force on a moving charge in a magnetic field

C14.

F = BI sin q

force on a current carrying a conductor in a magnetic field

C15.

V=

BI
nQt

Hall voltage

C16.

B=

m0I
2pr

magnetic field inside a long straight wire

C17.

B=

m 0 NI
l

magnetic field inside long solenoid

C18.

F=

m 0 I1 I 2
2pr

force per unit length between long parallel straight current

1
CV 2
2

rl
A

energy stored in a capacitor

general current flow equation
resistance and resistivity

carrying conductors
C19.

T = BAN sin f

torque on a rectangular current carrying coil in a uniform

magnetic field

C20.

E = BANw sin wt

simple generator e.m.f.

C21.

Vs
N
s
Vr N r

ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage in a transformer

C22.

E = - LdI / dt

e.m.f. induced in an inductor

C23.

E=

1 2
LI
2

energy stored in an inductor

C24.

X L = wL

reactance of an inductor
2

1
wC

C25.

XC =

C26.

P = IVCOS q

C27.

DVout / DVin = - b

reactance of a capacitor
power in an a.c. circuit
RL
RB

voltage gain of transistor amplifier in the common emitter

configuration

C28.

Vo = Ao (V+ - V- )

C29.

A=-

C30.

A = 1+

D1.

pV = nRT = NkT

D2.

pV =

1
Nmc 2
3

kinetic theory equation

D3.

Ek =

3RT 3
= kT
2N A 2

molecular kinetic energy

D4.

E=

F x
/
A L

macroscopic definition of Young modulus

D5.

E=

1
Fx
2

energy stored in stretching

D6.

F =-

D7.

E = .k / r

Rf
Ri
Rf
Ri

dU
dr

1 2
rv + rgh
2
= constant

output voltage of op amp (open-loop)

gain of inverting amplifier

gain of non-inverting amplifier

equation of state for an ideal gas

relationship between force and potential energy

microscopic interpretation of Young modulus

P+

Bernoullis equation

D9.

U = Q + W

first law of thermodynamics

D10.

En = -

D11.

N = N o e - kt

D12.

t1 =

D8.

13.6
eV
n2

ln 2
k

energy level equation for hydrogen atom

law of radioactive decay
half-life and decay constant
3

D13.

1
mu m2 = hv - f
2

Einsteins photoelectric equation

D14.

E = mc2

mass-energy relationship