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Standard For Clean Agent
Extinguishing Systems
Presented by:
Jeff L. Harrington, P.E.
For:
SFPE Southeastern Chapter
KEY POINTS
AGENT TOXICITY ISSUES (45 mins.)
INERT AGENTS
HALOCARBON AGENTS
KEY TERMS
Cardiac
Sensitization
Asphyxiation
NOAEL
LOAEL
PBPK Model
Arterial Blood
Level
3
CUP BURNER
35
12.9
8.7
6.6
4.1
31
31
4.5
NOAEL
LOAEL
43
30
7.5
9
5
43
43
10
52
>50
10.0
10.5
7.5
52
52
>10
AGENT % - GT 62 (LT 8)
NOT OCCUPIED SPACES NO EXPOSURE
HALOCARBON TOXICITY
FIRE EXTINGUISHING PROCESS
VARIES BETWEEN AGENTS
HEAT ABSORBTION IS THE PRIMARY
MECHANISM
GENERALLY, OXYGEN LEVELS REMAIN
AT SAFE LEVELS FOR HUMANS
HALOCARBON TOXICITY
CARDIAC SENSITIVITY
HISTORY CARBON TETRICHLORIDE
ARTERIAL BLOOD LEVEL
PLUS ADRENALINE
EQUALS HEART ARRHYTHMIA
BREATHING = BLOOD LEVEL
DISCHARGE = STRESS/ADRENALINE
10
HALOCARBON TOXICITY
CS TESTING BEAGLES
SIX DOGS ON TREADMILL
BREATHING AGENT % FOR 5 MINUTES
SHOCKED WITH ADRENALINE
HEART EFFECT MEASURED
ARTERIAL BLOOD LEVEL MEASURED
ONE OR MORE DOGS
11
HALOCARBON TOXICITY
NOAEL AND LOAEL CONCEPTS
COST LIMITATIONS & DATA
MARKET VIABILITY
12
HALOCARBON TOXICITY
AGENT TRADE NAME
ARGONITE
FE-13
FE-25
FM-200
HALON 1301
INERGEN
NN100
NOVEC 1230
13
CUP BURNER
35
12.9
8.7
6.6
4.1
31
31
4.5
NOAEL
LOAEL
43
30
7.5
9
5
43
43
10
52
>50
10.0
10.5
7.5
52
52
>10
HALOCARBON TOXICITY
14
HALOCARBON TOXICITY
OLD RULES
DESIGN
CONCENTRATION
NORMAL
OCCUPANCY
EXPOSURE TIME
LIMIT
NOTES
GTE NOAEL
15
OCCUPIED
0 SECONDS
EXCEPTION FOR
CLASS B
HAZARDS
Yes
Fire Present
No
Yes
Egress Before
Discharge?
No Exposure
No
Exposure Scenario
of Interest
16
Unintentional
Exposure
Overview of Process
17
Chemical Exposure
Chamber
60
50
40
FE Agent concentration in
arterial blood measured at
5-min point
30
20
10
0
0
Time (minutes)
18
Overview of Process
19
QP
Alveolar
Space
CI
QC
Lung Blood
CV
CVF
Vm
7/15/1999
20
QP
CX
QC
CA
QF
CA
Km
CVL
Liver/Metabolizing
Tissue Group
QL
CA
QS
CVS
Slowly Perfused
Tissue Group
CVR
Rapidly Perfused
Tissue Group
CA
QR
CA
11
Overview of Process
21
13.0%
10.0%
7.0%
Measured FE agent level
in arterial blood after
inhaling the FE agent for
5 min at the NOAEL
during the CS test
70.0
65.0
60.0
55.0
50.0
45.0
40.0
35.0
Target
11.0%
11.5%
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
Time (Minutes)
23
4.0
5.0
12.0%
12.5%
13.0%
Ppm
Human Exposure
90,000
5.00 min.
95,000
5.00 min.
100,000
5.00 min.
105,000
5.00 min.
110,000
1.13 min.
115,000
.60 min.
120,000
.49 min.
January 20, 2004
Ppm
Human Exposure
75,000
5.00 min.
100,000
5.00 min.
115,000
5.00 min.
120,000
1.67 min.
125,000
0.59 min.
130,000
0.54 min.
135,000
0.49 min.
January 20, 2004
HALOCARBON TOXICITY
NEW RULES
DESIGN
NORMAL
EXPOSURE TIME LIMIT
CONCENTRATION
OCCUPANCY
HALOCARBONS 2004 Edition of NFPA 2001
LTE NOAEL
OCCUPIED
5 MINUTES
OCCUPIED
OCCUPIED
LTE LOAEL
NOT OCCUPIED
60 SECONDS
GT LOAEL
NOT OCCUPIED
30 SECONDS
26
NOTES
NO PBPK NEEDED
NEED PBPK
CONDITIONS:
1. APPROVAL BY AHJ
2. EGRESS
CALCULATION PROOF
3. ADHERE TO PBPK
EXPOSURE LIMIT
NO PBPK MODEL
DATA
NO PBPK MODEL
DATA
27
Q&A
28